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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cittaslow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cittaslow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cittaslow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cittaslow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counseling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counseling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Counseling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counseling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Conversation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Gaming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gardening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Gardening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Goods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Living" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Living"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Living</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Living-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Money" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Money"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.19</span> <span>Money</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Money-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parenting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parenting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.20</span> <span>Parenting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parenting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.21</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.22</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.23</span> <span>Scholarship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.24</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.25</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thought_(philosophy)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thought_(philosophy)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.26</span> <span>Thought (philosophy)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thought_(philosophy)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_poverty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_poverty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.27</span> <span>Time poverty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_poverty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.28</span> <span>Travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9" title="الحركة البطيئة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحركة البطيئة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviment_lent" title="Moviment lent – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moviment lent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudiad_Arafu" title="Mudiad Arafu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mudiad Arafu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="لحاراكة التقيلة (تقافة) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحاراكة التقيلة (تقافة)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entschleunigung" title="Entschleunigung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Entschleunigung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeglane_liikumine" title="Aeglane liikumine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aeglane liikumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_lento" title="Movimiento lento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento lento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="جنبش آهسته (فرهنگ) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنبش آهسته (فرهنگ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_doux" title="Mouvement doux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement doux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B2_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Դանդաղ շարժում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դանդաղ շարժում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_Slow" title="Movimento Slow – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Movimento Slow" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%94" title="תנועת האטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועת האטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onthaasten" title="Onthaasten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Onthaasten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-bevegelsen" title="Slow-bevegelsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slow-bevegelsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_Movement" title="Slow Movement – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Slow Movement" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Медленное движение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медленное движение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitausliike" title="Hitausliike – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hitausliike" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yava%C5%9F_Hareketi" title="Yavaş Hareketi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yavaş Hareketi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85" title="Повільний рух – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Повільний рух" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1345445#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Slow movement</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1986–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major figures</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Petrini" title="Carlo Petrini">Carlo Petrini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geir_Berthelsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geir Berthelsen (page does not exist)">Geir Berthelsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Honor%C3%A9" title="Carl Honoré">Carl Honoré</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cittaslow" title="Cittaslow">Cittaslow</a>, slow education, slow fashion, slow travel</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>slow movement</b> is a cultural initiative that advocates for a reduction in the pace of modern life, encouraging individuals to embrace a more thoughtful and deliberate approach to their daily activities. </p><p>It was an offshoot of the <a href="/wiki/Slow_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow food">slow food</a> movement, which began as a protest led by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Petrini" title="Carlo Petrini">Carlo Petrini</a> in 1986 against the opening of a <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> restaurant in Rome's <a href="/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna" title="Piazza di Spagna">Piazza di Spagna</a>. </p><p>The key ideas of the slow movement include prioritizing quality over quantity, savoring the present moment, and fostering connections with people and the environment. It encourages a more intentional approach to daily activities, promoting sustainable practices and mindfulness. The movement spans various domains such as food, cities, education, fashion, and more, advocating for a balanced and holistic lifestyle that resists the fast-paced demands of modern society. </p><p>Initiatives linked to this movement include the <a href="/wiki/Cittaslow" title="Cittaslow">Cittaslow</a> organization to promote slowness in cities, most notably Naples, Paris, and Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Car-free_days" title="Car-free days">Car-free days</a> and banning <a href="/wiki/Vespa" title="Vespa">Vespas</a> to reduce urban noise are a few initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The slow movement is a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_movement" title="Cultural movement">cultural movement</a> which advocates slowing down the pace of human life. It emerged from the <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">slow food</a> movement, and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Petrini" title="Carlo Petrini">Carlo Petrini</a>'s 1986 protest against the opening of a <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> restaurant in the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna" title="Piazza di Spagna">Piazza di Spagna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geir Berthelsen's <i>The World Institute of Slowness</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presented a vision in 1999 for a "slow planet". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Carl_Honor%C3%A9" title="Carl Honoré">Carl Honoré</a>'s 2004 book, <i><a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Slow" title="In Praise of Slow">In Praise of Slow</a></i>, he describes the slow movement as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>"a cultural revolution against the notion that faster is always better. The Slow philosophy is not about doing everything at a snail's pace. It's about seeking to do everything at the right speed. Savoring the hours and minutes rather than just counting them. Doing everything as well as possible, instead of as fast as possible. It's about quality over quantity in everything from work to food to parenting."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Norwegian professor <a href="/wiki/Guttorm_Fl%C3%B8istad" title="Guttorm Fløistad">Guttorm Fløistad</a> summarises the philosophy, stating: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>"The only thing for certain is that everything changes. The rate of change increases. If you want to hang on, you better speed up. That is the message of today. It could however be useful to remind everyone that our basic needs never change. The need to be seen and appreciated! It is the need to belong. The need for nearness and care, and for a little love! This is given only through slowness in human relations. In order to master changes, we have to recover slowness, reflection and togetherness. There we will find real renewal."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow Art Day</i> was founded by Phil Terry and officially launched in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During one day in April each year, museums and art galleries around the world host events focused on intentionally experiencing art through "slow looking". The movement aims to help people discover the joy of looking at art, typically through observing a painting or sculpture for 10–15 minutes, often followed by discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Slow Art Day team publishes an Annual Report<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each year on its website, which features a range of events hosted by art institutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ageing">Ageing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ageing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow <a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">ageing</a></i> (or <i>slow aging</i>) is a distinct approach to <a href="/wiki/Successful_ageing" class="mw-redirect" title="Successful ageing">successful ageing</a>, advocating a personal and <a href="/wiki/Holistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic">holistic</a> positive approach to the process of ageing.<sup id="cite_ref-FLSA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLSA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GY_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GY-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established as part of the broader slow movement in the 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-FLSA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLSA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GY_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GY-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(medicine)" title="Interventionism (medicine)">interventionist</a>-based and commercially backed medical <a href="/wiki/Anti-aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aging">anti-aging</a> system, it involves personal ownership and non-medical intervention options in gaining potential natural <a href="/wiki/Life_extension" title="Life extension">life extension</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FLSA_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLSA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GY_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GY-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></div> <p><i>Slow cinema</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a> style which derives from the <a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">art film</a> genre. It aims to convey a sense of calculated slowness to the viewer. Slow films often consist of a resistance to movement and emotion, a lack of causality and a devotion to <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)#Cinema" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is usually obtained through the use of <a href="/wiki/Long_take" title="Long take">long takes</a>, minimalist acting, slow or inexistent camera movements, unconventional use of music and sparse editing. Slow cinema directors include <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Tarr" title="Béla Tarr">Béla Tarr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lav_Diaz" title="Lav Diaz">Lav Diaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuri_Bilge_Ceylan" title="Nuri Bilge Ceylan">Nuri Bilge Ceylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami" title="Abbas Kiarostami">Abbas Kiarostami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ming-liang" title="Tsai Ming-liang">Tsai Ming-liang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Andrei Tarkovsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theo_Angelopoulos" title="Theo Angelopoulos">Theo Angelopoulos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cittaslow">Cittaslow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cittaslow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cittaslow" title="Cittaslow">Cittaslow</a></div> <p>Cittaslow International states its mission as "to enlarge the philosophy of Slow Food to local communities and to government of towns, applying the concepts of ecogastronomy at practice of everyday life".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seeks to improve the quality and enjoyment of living by encouraging happiness and self-determination.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cittaslow cities use the concept of <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> to prevent the impending globalization of their cities. <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Servon" title="Lisa Servon">Lisa Servon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pink" title="Sarah Pink">Sarah Pink</a> observe that, "The case of the Spanish Cittaslow towns offers a particular example of how towns can actively exploit the interpenetration of the global and the local. In these towns, a local–global relationship has emerged in ways that enable controlled development and the maintenance of local uniqueness."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumption">Consumption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tim Cooper, author of Longer Lasting Products, is a strong advocate of "slow consumption", and is quoted as saying, "The issue to address is what kind of economy is going to be sustainable in its wider sense, economically, environmentally and socially." <a href="/wiki/Saul_Griffith" title="Saul Griffith">Saul Griffith</a> introduced "heirloom design" during a February Greener Gadgets conference in 2009. He notes a lasting design, the ability to repair, and the option of being modernized to advocate slow consumption. Legislation, alternative options, and consumer pressure can encourage manufacturers to design items in a more heirloom fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-inthesetimes.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inthesetimes.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counseling">Counseling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Counseling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to some, recent technological advances have resulted in a fast-paced style of living. <i>Slow <a href="/wiki/Counseling" class="mw-redirect" title="Counseling">counselors</a></i> understand that many clients are seeking ways to reduce stress and cultivate a more balanced approach to life. Developed by Dr. Randy Astramovich and Dr. Wendy Hoskins and rooted in the slow movement, slow counseling offers counselors a wellness focused foundation for addressing the time urgency and stress often reported by clients.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversation">Conversation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conversation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i>: "An unhurried conversation uses a simple process to allow people to take turns to speak without being interrupted. Everyone agrees at the start that only the person holding a chosen object (often a sugar bowl) is allowed to talk. Once the speaker has finished, they put the object down, signalling that they have said what they want to say. Someone else then picks up the object and takes their turn. Each speaker can respond to some or all of what the previous speaker said, or they can take the conversation in an entirely new direction."<sup id="cite_ref-Fast_Company_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fast_Company-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Unhurried Conversations</i> is a term used by the author of <i>Unhurried at Work</i> Johnnie Moore, about how people can work together at a speed that makes the most of their human qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-Fast_Company_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fast_Company-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democracy">Democracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slow democracy describes local governance models that are inclusive, empowered, and centered on <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_democracy" title="Deliberative democracy">deliberative democracy</a>. </p><p> Described by Susan Clark and Woden Teachout in their book <i>Slow Democracy,</i><sup id="cite_ref-slowdemo2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slowdemo2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the concept parallels the <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a> movement’s call for authenticity in food production, and highlights decision-making models based on authentic community involvement. Clark and Teachout note:</p><blockquote><p>“Slow democracy is not a call for longer meetings or more time between decisions. Instead, it is a reminder of the care needed for full-blooded, empowered community decision making.”<sup id="cite_ref-slowdemo2012_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slowdemo2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: xxiii">: xxiii </span></sup></p></blockquote><p>Examples of slow democracy include: <a href="/wiki/Participatory_budgeting" title="Participatory budgeting">Participatory Budgeting</a>; the Swiss and New England (U.S.) <a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">town meeting</a>; Dialogue to Change and <a href="/wiki/Study_circle" title="Study circle">Study Circles</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> processes when connected with democratic action, such as the Portsmouth, New Hampshire “Portsmouth Listens” model;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many other <a href="/wiki/Participatory_democracy" title="Participatory democracy">participatory democracy</a> models. The National Coalition for Dialogue and Deliberation<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serves as a network for many scholars and practitioners of slow democracy. </p><p>Slow democracy inspired the Living Room Conversations organization<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> co-founded by <a href="/wiki/Joan_Blades" title="Joan Blades">Joan Blades</a>, because slowing down to consider how we characterize “the other” is crucial to democratic engagement and to peacebuilding.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Harvard Law School professor <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> writes that, like slow food, slow democracy is:</p><blockquote><p>“a strategy for resisting what we know would be most tempting but what we have learned is both empty and harmful. … [T]he slow democracy movement says that we should do politics in particular contexts, not because those contexts can’t be hacked or will never be poisonous, but because it’s just harder to hack them or make them poisonous.”<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Scholars of dialogue and deliberation have expressed concern that increased online and face-to-face communication can lead to information overload, but incorporating slow democracy processes featuring listening and reflection can improve the experience.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents of community-led housing cite slow democracy as integral to their place-specific development efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Slow_education" title="Slow education">Slow education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slow_reading" title="Slow reading">Slow reading</a></div> <p>As an alternative approach to modern faster styles of reading, such as <a href="/wiki/Speed_reading" title="Speed reading">speed reading</a>, the concept of <a href="/wiki/Slow_reading" title="Slow reading">slow reading</a> has been reintroduced as an educational branch of the slow movement. For instance, the ancient Greek method of slow reading known as Lectio, now known as <a href="/wiki/Lectio_Divina" title="Lectio Divina">Lectio Divina</a>, has become a way of reading that encourages more in-depth analysis and a greater understanding of the text being read. Though the method is originally of <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monastic</a> origin, and has been used primarily as a tool to better understand the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, its technique can be applied in other areas of education besides the study of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_fashion" title="Slow fashion">Slow fashion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CommunityClosetThriftStoreItems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CommunityClosetThriftStoreItems.jpg/220px-CommunityClosetThriftStoreItems.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CommunityClosetThriftStoreItems.jpg/330px-CommunityClosetThriftStoreItems.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CommunityClosetThriftStoreItems.jpg/440px-CommunityClosetThriftStoreItems.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>A thrift store, 2009. Shopping for <a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">secondhand clothing</a> aligns with slow fashion beliefs. </figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Slow_fashion" title="Slow fashion">slow fashion</a></i> was coined by Kate Fletcher in 2007 (Centre for Sustainable Fashion, UK).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Slow fashion is not a seasonal <a href="/wiki/Trend" class="mw-redirect" title="Trend">trend</a> that comes and goes like <a href="/wiki/Animal_print" title="Animal print">animal print</a>, but a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fashion" title="Sustainable fashion">sustainable fashion</a> movement that is gaining momentum."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The slow fashion style is based on the same principles of the slow food movement, as the alternative to <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass-produced</a> clothing (also known as <a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">fast fashion</a>). Initially, the slow clothing movement was intended to reject all mass-produced clothing, referring only to clothing made by hand,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has broadened to include many interpretations and is practiced in various ways.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Functional and fashion novelty drives consumers to replace their items faster, causing an increase of imported goods into the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> alone. It was reported by the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Policy_Institute" title="Economic Policy Institute">Economic Policy Institute</a> that in 2007, the U.S. imported six billion dollars' worth in fashion articles. </p><p>Some examples of slow fashion practices include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Opposing and <a href="/wiki/Boycotting" class="mw-redirect" title="Boycotting">boycotting</a> mass-produced "fast fashion" or "McFashion"</li> <li>Choosing <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">artisan</a> products to support smaller businesses, <a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">fair trade</a> and locally-made clothes</li> <li>Buying secondhand or vintage clothing, and donating unwanted garments</li> <li>Choosing clothing made with <a href="/wiki/Sustainable" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable">sustainable</a>, ethically made or <a href="/wiki/Recycled_fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Recycled fabric">recycled fabrics</a></li> <li>Choosing quality garments that will last longer, transcend trends (a "classic" style), and be repairable</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">Doing it yourself</a>: making, mending, customising, altering, and <a href="/wiki/Up-cycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Up-cycling">up-cycling</a> one's own clothing</li> <li>Slowing the rate of fashion consumption: buying fewer clothes less often</li></ul> <p>The slow fashion ethos is related to the "sustainable", "eco", "green", and "ethical" fashion movements. It encourages education about the garment industry's connection with and impact on the environment, such as <a href="/wiki/Depleting_Resource" class="mw-redirect" title="Depleting Resource">depleting resources</a>, slowing of the <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> to reduce the number of trends and seasons and to encourage quality production, and return greater value to garments, removing the image of disposability of fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hazel Clark states there are "three lines of reflection: the valuing of local <a href="/wiki/Resource" title="Resource">resources</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distributed_economy" title="Distributed economy">distributed economies</a>; transparent production systems with less intermediation between producer and consumer, and sustainable and sensorial products ..."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SlowFoodThera06676.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SlowFoodThera06676.JPG/300px-SlowFoodThera06676.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SlowFoodThera06676.JPG/450px-SlowFoodThera06676.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SlowFoodThera06676.JPG/600px-SlowFoodThera06676.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A slow food restaurant placard in <a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Santorini</a>, Greece</figcaption></figure> <p>As opposed to the culture of <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a>, the sub-movement known as <i>slow food</i> seeks to encourage the enjoyment of <a href="/wiki/Local_food" title="Local food">regional produce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_food" title="Traditional food">traditional foods</a>, which are often grown <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">organically</a>, and to enjoy these foods in the company of others. It aims to defend agricultural biodiversity. </p><p>The movement claims 83,000 members in 50 countries, which are organised into 800 <i><a href="/wiki/Conviviality" title="Conviviality">Convivia</a></i> or local chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes operating under a logo of a snail, the collective philosophy is to preserve and support traditional ways of life. Today,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> 42 states in the United States have their own <i>convivium</i>. </p><p>The movement, while widely celebrated for its emphasis on local, sustainable, and traditional food practices, has faced various criticisms. One significant critique is the potential elitism inherent in its approach. Slow Food's advocacy for artisanal and small-scale production often results in higher prices for its endorsed food products, which may limit the movement's accessibility to wealthier individuals. Founder <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Petrini" title="Carlo Petrini">Carlo Petrini</a> himself has noted this issue, reflecting on his visit to a California farmers market where the clientele appeared predominantly wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider2008_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider2008-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, Slow Food has been criticized for prioritizing hedonism over substantive political action. The movement's focus on pleasure, taste, and consumption patterns has led to accusations of it being more concerned with gastronomic enjoyment than with addressing broader political and economic injustices.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider2008_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider2008-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaming">Gaming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gaming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow gaming</i> is an approach to <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> that is meant to be more slow-paced and more focused on challenging the assumptions and feelings of the player than on their skills and reflexes.<sup id="cite_ref-Gamasutra_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gamasutra-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A "Slow Games Movement Manifesto" was written by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> <a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">game designer</a> Mitch Alexander in September 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "Slow Gaming Manifesto" was independently published on <a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a> by <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> game designer <a href="/wiki/Artur_Ganszyniec" title="Artur Ganszyniec">Artur Ganszyniec</a> in June 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Gamasutra_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gamasutra-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Medium_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medium-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some games that can be considered examples of "slow gaming" include: <i><a href="/wiki/Firewatch" title="Firewatch">Firewatch</a></i> (2016), <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Vault" title="Heaven's Vault">Heaven's Vault</a></i> (2019), <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_(2012_video_game)" title="Journey (2012 video game)">Journey</a></i> (2012), <i><a href="/wiki/Wanderlust_Travel_Stories" title="Wanderlust Travel Stories">Wanderlust Travel Stories</a></i> (2019), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Longing" title="The Longing">The Longing</a></i> (2020).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardening">Gardening</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gardening"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_gardening" title="Slow gardening">Slow gardening</a></div> <p><i>Slow gardening</i> is an approach that helps gardeners savor what they grow using all their senses through all the seasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goods">Goods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Goods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow goods</i> takes its core direction from various elements of the overall slow movement, applying it to the conception, design and manufacturing of physical objects. Its key tenets are: low production runs, the use of craftspeople within the process, on-shore manufacturing, and smaller, local supply and service partners. </p><p>The rationale for this local engagement facilitates the assurance of quality, the revitalization of local manufacturing industries, and reduces greatly the <a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">footprint</a> related to the shipment of goods across regions of land and/or water. </p><p>Physical goods affected by the slow movement represent much diversity, including <a href="/wiki/Slow_architecture" title="Slow architecture">slow architecture</a> and building design. The slow movement is affecting the concept and planning stages of commercial buildings, chiefly <a href="/wiki/LEED" title="LEED">LEED</a> certified projects.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This movement seeks to break current conventions of perpetuating the disposable nature of mass production. By using higher-quality materials and craftsmanship, items attain a longer lifespan, similar to manufacturing eras in the past. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Living">Living</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Living"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">Slow living</a></div> <p>Authors Beth Meredith and Eric Storm summarize <a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">slow living</a> as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Slow Living means structuring your life around meaning and fulfillment. Similar to "voluntary simplicity" and "downshifting", it emphasizes a less-is-more approach, focusing on the quality of your life. ... Slow Living addresses the desire to lead a more balanced life and to pursue a more holistic sense of well-being in the fullest sense of the word. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing">Marketing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slow marketing is a reaction to the perceived "always-on" nature of <a href="/wiki/Digital_marketing" title="Digital marketing">digital marketing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It emphasizes a <a href="/wiki/Customer-centric" class="mw-redirect" title="Customer-centric">customer-centric</a> outlook, sustainability, and ethics.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It builds relationships with customers instead of encouraging immediate results, such as a limited time offer.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Slow_media" title="Slow media">Slow media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slow_television" title="Slow television">Slow television</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slow_journalism" title="Slow journalism">Slow journalism</a></div> <p><i>Slow media</i> and <i>Slow television</i> are movements aiming at sustainable and focused media production as well as <a href="/wiki/Media_consumption" title="Media consumption">media consumption</a>. They formed in the context of a massive acceleration of news distribution ending in almost real-time digital media such as <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. Beginning in 2010, many local Slow Media initiatives formed in the USA<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, Italy) leading to a high attention in <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass-media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others experiment with a reduction of their daily media intake and log their efforts online ("slow media diet").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicine">Medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_medicine" title="Slow medicine">Slow medicine</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Slow_medicine" title="Slow medicine">Slow medicine</a></i> fosters taking time in developing a relationship between the practitioner and the patient, and in applying medical knowledge, technology and treatment to the specific and unique character of the patient in his or her overall situation.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Money">Money</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Money"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow Money</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit organization</a>, founded to organize investors and donors to steer new sources of capital to small food enterprises, <a href="/wiki/Organic_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic farms">organic farms</a>, and local food systems. Slow Money takes its name from the Slow Food movement. Slow Money aims to develop the relationship between capital markets and place, including social and <a href="/wiki/Soil_fertility" title="Soil fertility">soil fertility</a>. It supports <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grass-roots</a> mobilization through network building, convening, publishing, and incubating intermediary strategies and structures of funding.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parenting">Parenting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Parenting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_parenting" title="Slow parenting">Slow parenting</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Slow_parenting" title="Slow parenting">Slow parenting</a></i> encourages parents to plan less for their children, allowing them to explore the world at their own pace. It is a response to hyper-parenting and <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_parent" title="Helicopter parent">helicopter parenting</a>; the widespread trend for parents to schedule activities and classes after school every day and every weekend, to solve problems on behalf of the children, and to buy commercial services and products. It was described by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Honor%C3%A9" title="Carl Honoré">Carl Honoré</a> in <i>Under Pressure: Rescuing Our Children from the Culture Of Hyper-Parenting</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-underpressure_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-underpressure-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photography">Photography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_photography" title="Slow photography">Slow photography</a></div> <p>The <i>Slow photography</i> movement prioritizes the process and experience of taking photos over mere documentation. It often involves film photography but can be applied using any camera.<sup id="cite_ref-:r0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:r0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement emerged as a response to the ubiquity of digital photography and snapshot culture, emphasizing manual techniques and a deeper engagement with the physical materials of images. </p><p>David Campany defined the concept in his 2003 essay "Safety in Numbness: Some remarks on the problems of ‘Late Photography.’"<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used Joel Meyerowitz's post-9/11 photography, later published in <i>Aftermath,</i> to highlight the role of photography in public memory.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norwegian photographer Johanne Seines Svendsen, known for using long exposure times and the <a href="/wiki/Wetplate_collodion_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetplate collodion process">wetplate collodion process</a>, exemplifies this technique.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her series "The Slow Photography" was showcased at the 67th North Norwegian Art Exhibition in 2013, featuring ambrotypes and alumitypes.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow church</i> is a movement in <a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Christian praxis</a> which integrates slow-movement principles into the structure and character of the local church. The phrase was introduced in 2008 by <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bloggers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloggers">bloggers</a> working independently who imagined what such a "slow church" might look like.<sup id="cite_ref-Nunley_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nunley-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-facegroup_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facegroup-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-childress_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childress-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next several years, the concept continued to be discussed online and in print by various writers and ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-Land_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chron_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chron-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcateer_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcateer-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2012, a three-day conference titled <i>Slow Church: Abiding Together in the Patient Work of God</i> was held on the campus of <a href="/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> on the topic of slow church and featured <a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Christian ethicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Hauerwas" title="Stanley Hauerwas">Stanley Hauerwas</a> and Kyle Childress, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-conf_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conf-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An online blog called "Slow Church" written by C. Christopher Smith and John Pattison is hosted by <a href="/wiki/Patheos" title="Patheos">Patheos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-facebook_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebook-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-patheos_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patheos-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Smith and Pattison have written a book by the same name, published in June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-facebook_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebook-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-book_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ethics, ecology, and economy are cited as areas of central concern to slow church.<sup id="cite_ref-sojo1_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sojo1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sojo2_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sojo2-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith describes slow church as a "conversation", not a movement, and has cited <a href="/wiki/New_Monasticism" title="New Monasticism">New Monasticism</a> as an influence.<sup id="cite_ref-sojo1_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sojo1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its emphases on non-traditional ways for churches to operate and on "conversation" over <a href="/wiki/Christian_dogma" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian dogma">dogma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">hierarchy</a>, slow church is also related to the broader Christian "<a href="/wiki/Emerging_church" title="Emerging church">emerging church</a>" movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarship">Scholarship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a></i> is a response to hasty scholarship and the demands of <a href="/wiki/Corporatization" title="Corporatization">corporatized</a> <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">academic</a> culture, which may compromise the quality and integrity of research, education, and well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (April 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This movement attempts to counter the erosion of <a href="/wiki/Humanistic_education" title="Humanistic education">humanistic education</a>, analyze the consequences of the culture of speed,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "explores alternatives to the fast-paced, metric-oriented neoliberal <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> through a slow-moving conversation on ways to slow down and claim time for slow scholarship and collective action."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slow_science" title="Slow science">Slow science</a></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Slow_science" title="Slow science">slow science</a></i> movement's objective is to enable scientists to take the time to think and read. The prevalent culture of science is <a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">publish or perish</a>, where scientists are judged to be better if they publish more papers in less time, and only those who do so are able to maintain their careers. Those who practice and promote slow science suggest that "society should give scientists the time they need".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>slow technology</i> approach aims to emphasize that technology can support reflection rather than efficiency. This approach has been discussed through various examples, for example those in <a href="/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">interaction design</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual environments">virtual environments</a>. It is related to other parallel efforts such as those towards reflective design,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">critical design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Critical_technical_practice" title="Critical technical practice">critical technical practice</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thought_(philosophy)"><span id="Thought_.28philosophy.29"></span>Thought (philosophy)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Thought (philosophy)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow thought</i> calls for a slow <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> to ease thinking into a more playful and porous dialogue about what it means to live. <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Di_Nicola" title="Vincenzo Di Nicola">Vincenzo Di Nicola</a>'s "Slow Thought Manifesto" elucidates and illuminates Slow thought through seven proclamations, published and cited in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and frequently cited in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Slow thought is marked by <a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_school" title="Peripatetic school">peripatetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Socratic_method" title="Socratic method">Socratic walks</a>, the face-to-face encounter of <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Emmanuel Levinas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin" title="Mikhail Bakhtin">Mikhail Bakhtin</a>'s dialogic conversations</li> <li>Slow thought creates its own time and place</li> <li>Slow thought has no other object than itself</li> <li>Slow thought is porous</li> <li>Slow thought is playful</li> <li>Slow thought is a counter-method, rather than a method, for thinking as it relaxes, releases, and liberates thought from its constraints and the trauma of tradition</li> <li>Slow thought is deliberate</li></ol> <p>Notable slow thinkers include <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> who affirmed that, "There is more to life than simply increasing its speed",<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Giorgio Agamben</a> (on the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Childhood">childhood</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a> (on the porosity of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga">Johan Huizinga</a> (on <a href="/wiki/Homo_Ludens" title="Homo Ludens">play</a> as an interlude in our daily lives). Di Nicola's Slow Thought Manifesto is featured in Julian Hanna's <i>The Manifesto Handbook</i> as a reaction against acceleration, "elucidating seven principles, including the practice of being 'asynchronous' or resisting the speed of modern times in favor of the 'slow logic of thought' and working toward greater focus".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Slow Thought Manifesto is being cited in philosophy,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Information_science" title="Information science">information science</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">peacebuilding</a> politics.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Take your time", the slogan of Slow Thought, cited by Di Nicola,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is taken from philosopher <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a>, himself a slow thinker: </p> <blockquote> <p>"In a wonderful philosophical lesson that is structured like a joke, Wittgenstein admonished philosophers about rushing their thinking: </p><p>Question: 'How does one philosopher address another?' </p><p>Answer: 'Take your time.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_poverty">Time poverty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Time poverty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principal perspective of the slow movement is to experience life in a fundamentally different way. Adherents believe that the experience of being present leads to what <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a> refers to as <a href="/wiki/Peak_experience" title="Peak experience">peak experience</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The International Institute of Not Doing Much<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a humorous approach to the serious topic of "time poverty", <a href="/wiki/Incivility" title="Incivility">incivility</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Workaholic" title="Workaholic">workaholism</a>. The Institute's fictional presence promotes counter-urgency. First created in 2005, SlowDownNow.org is a continually evolving work of art and humor which reports it has over 6,000 members.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel">Travel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Travel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Slow travel</i> is an evolving movement that has taken its inspiration from nineteenth-century European <a href="/wiki/Travel_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel writer">travel writers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a>, who reacted against the cult of speed, prompting some modern analysts to ask, "If we have slow food and slow cities, then why not slow travel?".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other literary and exploration traditions, from early <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> travelers to late nineteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> writers, have also identified with slow travel, usually marking its connection with community as its most distinctive feature. Espousing modes of travel that were the norm in some less developed societies became, for some writers and travelers from <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western Europe</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Eberhardt" title="Isabelle Eberhardt">Isabelle Eberhardt</a>, a way of engaging more seriously with those societies.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slow travel is not only about traveling from one place to another, it is also about immersing oneself in a destination. It consists of staying in the same place for a while to develop a deep connection with it. Frequenting local places, spending time with locals and discovering their habits and customs can turn a regular trip into a slow travel experience. The key is to take one's time and to let oneself be carried along.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Advocates of slow travel argue that all too often the potential pleasure of the journey is lost by too-eager anticipation of arrival. Slow travel, it is asserted, is a state of mind which allows travelers to engage more fully with communities along their route, often favoring visits to spots enjoyed by local residents rather than merely following guidebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, slow travel shares some common values with <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a>. Its advocates and devotees generally look for low-impact travel styles, even to the extent of eschewing flying. The future of Slow Travel is aiming toward reducing <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> by reducing car and air travel because the rate we are using planes and cars is not sustainable for our <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth">atmosphere</a>. Advocates believe that the combination of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental awareness">environmental awareness</a> and cost efficient traveling will move people towards Slow Travel.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aspects of slow travel, including some of the principles detailed in the "Manifesto for Slow Travel",<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are now increasingly featured in travel writing. The magazine <i>Hidden Europe</i>, which first published the "Manifesto for Slow Travel", has particularly showcased slow travel, featuring articles that focus on unhurried, low-impact journeys, and advocating a stronger engagement with visited communities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A new book series launched in May 2010 by <a href="/wiki/Bradt_Travel_Guides" title="Bradt Travel Guides">Bradt Travel Guides</a> explicitly espouses slow travel ideas with volumes that focus very much on local communities within a tightly defined area, often advocating the use of <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> along the way. Titles include <i>Bus-pass Britain</i>, <i>Slow Norfolk and Suffolk</i>, <i>Slow Devon and Exmoor</i>, <i>Slow Cotswolds</i>, <i>Slow North Yorkshire</i>, and <i>Slow Sussex and South Downs National Park</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite its positive intentions, the slow movement faces criticism for its potential elitism and inaccessibility. Critics argue that the movement's emphasis on artisanal and small-scale production can result in higher costs, making it difficult for individuals with lower incomes to participate. Additionally, some view the movement as overly idealistic and impractical in the context of the fast-paced realities of modern life. There are concerns that it may prioritize personal enjoyment and aesthetic values over addressing broader social and economic issues.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider2008_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider2008-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_time" title="African time">African time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downshifting_(lifestyle)" title="Downshifting (lifestyle)">Downshifting (lifestyle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_tracing" class="mw-redirect" title="Product tracing">Product tracing</a> systems, which allow people to see the source factory of a product</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_architecture" title="Slow architecture">Slow architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">Slow living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Universal basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work-life_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="Work-life balance">Work-life balance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow_movement_(culture)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFParkinsCraig2006" class="citation book cs1">Parkins, Wendy; Craig, Geoffrey (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2OtAwAAQBAJ&dq=Cittaslow+%22slow+movement%22&pg=PA79"><i>Slow Living</i></a>. Berg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-160-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-160-9"><bdi>978-1-84520-160-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slow+Living&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2006-02&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-160-9&rft.aulast=Parkins&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.au=Craig%2C+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2OtAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DCittaslow%2B%2522slow%2Bmovement%2522%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLDN2023" class="citation web cs1">LDN, Slow Living (31 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slowlivingldn.com/journal/gather-feast/what-is-the-slow-food-movement/">"Slow Food Movement Guide: Definition, History"</a>. <i>Slow Living LDN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slow+Living+LDN.&rft.atitle=Slow+Food+Movement+Guide%3A+Definition%2C+History&rft.date=2023-07-31&rft.aulast=LDN&rft.aufirst=Slow+Living&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslowlivingldn.com%2Fjournal%2Fgather-feast%2Fwhat-is-the-slow-food-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrini2013" class="citation book cs1">Petrini, Carlo (8 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SRDVAgAAQBAJ&q=carlo+petrini+slow+movement"><i>Slow Food Nation: Why Our Food Should Be Good, Clean, and Fair</i></a>. Rizzoli Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-4146-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-4146-2"><bdi>978-0-8478-4146-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slow+Food+Nation%3A+Why+Our+Food+Should+Be+Good%2C+Clean%2C+and+Fair&rft.pub=Rizzoli+Publications&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-4146-2&rft.aulast=Petrini&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSRDVAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcarlo%2Bpetrini%2Bslow%2Bmovement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theworldinstituteofslowness.com/">"The World Institute Of Slowness"</a>. <i>The World Institute Of Slowness</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Institute+Of+Slowness&rft.atitle=The+World+Institute+Of+Slowness&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theworldinstituteofslowness.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thriveglobal.com/stories/why-the-slow-movement-is-gaining-momentum/">"Why the 'Slow' Movement Is Gaining Momentum"</a>. <i>thriveglobal.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=thriveglobal.com&rft.atitle=Why+the+%27Slow%27+Movement+Is+Gaining+Momentum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthriveglobal.com%2Fstories%2Fwhy-the-slow-movement-is-gaining-momentum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aeon.co/essays/take-your-time-the-seven-pillars-of-a-slow-thought-manifesto">"Take your time: The seven pillars of a Slow Thought manifesto – Vincenzo di Nicola | Aeon Essays"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Take+your+time%3A+The+seven+pillars+of+a+Slow+Thought+manifesto+%E2%80%93+Vincenzo+di+Nicola+%26%23124%3B+Aeon+Essays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faeon.co%2Fessays%2Ftake-your-time-the-seven-pillars-of-a-slow-thought-manifesto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagazineSolly" class="citation web cs1">Magazine, Smithsonian; Solly, Meilan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/saturday-museums-are-asking-visitors-linger-honor-slow-art-day-180971884/">"This Saturday, Museums Across the Globe Are Asking Visitors to Linger for Slow Art Day"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Zero Books. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.ca/dp/1785358987">1785358987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manifesto+Handbook%3A+95+Theses+on+an+Incendiary+Form&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Zero+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnir2020" class="citation book cs1">Snir, Itay (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mOv_DwAAQBAJ&q=slow+thought+manifesto&pg=PA27"><i>Education and Thinking in Continental Philosophy: Thinking Against the Current in Adorno, Arendt, Deleuze, Derrida and Rancière</i></a>. Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-56526-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-56526-8"><bdi>978-3-030-56526-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+and+Thinking+in+Continental+Philosophy%3A+Thinking+Against+the+Current+in+Adorno%2C+Arendt%2C+Deleuze%2C+Derrida+and+Ranci%C3%A8re&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-030-56526-8&rft.aulast=Snir&rft.aufirst=Itay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmOv_DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dslow%2Bthought%2Bmanifesto%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorichanaz2020" class="citation book cs1">Gorichanaz, Tim (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KZ0LEAAAQBAJ&q=slow+thought+manifesto+di+nicola&pg=PA60"><i>Information Experience in Theory and Design</i></a>. Emerald Group Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83909-368-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83909-368-5"><bdi>978-1-83909-368-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Information+Experience+in+Theory+and+Design&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.isbn=978-1-83909-368-5&rft.aulast=Gorichanaz&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKZ0LEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dslow%2Bthought%2Bmanifesto%2Bdi%2Bnicola%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSampleIrvin-Erickson2020" class="citation book cs1">Sample, Emily; Irvin-Erickson, Douglas (16 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IXxDwAAQBAJ&q=slow+thought+manifesto+di+nicola&pg=PA73"><i>Building Peace in America</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-4381-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-4381-0"><bdi>978-1-5381-4381-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Peace+in+America&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2020-08-16&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-4381-0&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Irvin-Erickson%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4IXxDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dslow%2Bthought%2Bmanifesto%2Bdi%2Bnicola%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittgenstein1980" class="citation book cs1">Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1980). <i>Culture and Value</i>. Translated by Winch, Peter. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226904351" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226904351"><bdi>978-0226904351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Value&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0226904351&rft.aulast=Wittgenstein&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slowdownnow.org/">"International Institute of Not Doing Much – Relief from seriousness"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Institute+of+Not+Doing+Much+%E2%80%93+Relief+from+seriousness&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slowdownnow.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFeurope2009" class="citation web cs1">europe, hidden (3 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hiddeneurope.eu/a-manifesto-for-slow-travel">"hidden europe | A manifesto for slow travel"</a>. <i>www.hiddeneurope.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hiddeneurope.eu&rft.atitle=hidden+europe+%26%23124%3B+A+manifesto+for+slow+travel&rft.date=2009-05-03&rft.aulast=europe&rft.aufirst=hidden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hiddeneurope.eu%2Fa-manifesto-for-slow-travel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFeurope2012" class="citation web cs1">europe, hidden (4 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hiddeneurope.eu/the-warm-shadow-of-isabelle-eberhardt">"hidden europe | The warm shadow of Isabelle Eberhardt"</a>. <i>www.hiddeneurope.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hiddeneurope.eu&rft.atitle=hidden+europe+%26%23124%3B+The+warm+shadow+of+Isabelle+Eberhardt&rft.date=2012-08-04&rft.aulast=europe&rft.aufirst=hidden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hiddeneurope.eu%2Fthe-warm-shadow-of-isabelle-eberhardt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barcelonaslowtravel.com/slow-travel/"><i>Slow Travel, Barcelona Slow Travel</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slowtraveleurope.eu/slow-travel-europe-some-guiding-principles">"Slow Travel Europe | Slow Travel Europe: Some Guiding Principles"</a>. <i>www.slowtraveleurope.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.slowtraveleurope.eu&rft.atitle=Slow+Travel+Europe+%26%23124%3B+Slow+Travel+Europe%3A+Some+Guiding+Principles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slowtraveleurope.eu%2Fslow-travel-europe-some-guiding-principles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickinsonLumsdon2010" class="citation book cs1">Dickinson, Janet; Lumsdon, Les (2010). <i>Slow Travel and Tourism</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84971-113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84971-113-5"><bdi>978-1-84971-113-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slow+Travel+and+Tourism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84971-113-5&rft.aulast=Dickinson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.au=Lumsdon%2C+Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slowtraveleurope.eu/data/downloads/hiddeneurope_25_slowtravel.pdf">"<i>Slow Travel Europe</i> (March 2009), "A Manifesto for Slow Travel"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slow+Travel+Europe+%28March+2009%29%2C+%22A+Manifesto+for+Slow+Travel%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slowtraveleurope.eu%2Fdata%2Fdownloads%2Fhiddeneurope_25_slowtravel.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlow+movement+%28culture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-impact_development_(UK)" title="Low-impact development (UK)">Low-impact development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_frills" title="No frills">No frills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-the-grid" title="Off-the-grid">Off-the-grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regift" class="mw-redirect" title="Regift">Regift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">Self-sufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">Slow living</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slow movement (culture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">Subsistence agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_living" title="Sustainable living">Sustainable living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sustainable sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">War tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWOOF" title="WWOOF">WWOOF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Religious and spiritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detachment (philosophy)">Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">Mendicant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Monasticism" title="New Monasticism">New Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_people" title="Plain people">Plain people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Simplicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Testimony of Simplicity">Testimony of simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_communities" title="Twelve Tribes communities">Twelve Tribes communities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Secular movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car-free_movement" title="Car-free movement">Car-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Small house movement">Small house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny house movement">Tiny house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_town" title="Transition town">Transition town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Notable writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Berry" title="Wendell Berry">Wendell Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Callenbach" title="Ernest Callenbach">Ernest Callenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Elgin" title="Duane Elgin">Duane Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gregg_(social_philosopher)" title="Richard Gregg (social philosopher)">Richard Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hodgkinson" title="Tom Hodgkinson">Tom Hodgkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Hubbard" title="Harlan Hubbard">Harlan Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar" title="Satish Kumar">Satish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Rosen_(British_filmmaker)" title="Nick Rosen (British filmmaker)">Nick Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Semple" title="Dugald Semple">Dugald Semple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Skene_Keith_(physician)" title="George Skene Keith (physician)">George Skene Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Modern-day adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boyle_(Moneyless_Man)" title="Mark Boyle (Moneyless Man)">Mark Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Greenfield" title="Robin Greenfield">Robin Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentti_Linkola" title="Pentti Linkola">Pentti Linkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Merkel" title="Jim Merkel">Jim Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo">Suelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(activist)" title="Thomas (activist)">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anekdote_zur_Senkung_der_Arbeitsmoral" title="Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral">Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Affluenza" title="Escape from Affluenza">Escape from Affluenza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Life_(1975_TV_series)" title="The Good Life (1975 TV series)">The Good Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Sledgehammer" title="The Moon and the Sledgehammer">The Moon and the Sledgehammer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Earth_News" title="Mother Earth News">Mother Earth News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Half" title="The Power of Half">The Power of Half</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Is_Beautiful" title="Small Is Beautiful">Small Is Beautiful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateurism">Amateurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_miles" title="Food miles">Food miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">The good life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonophobia" title="Hedonophobia">Hedonophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_living" title="Intentional living">Intentional living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering">Rainbow Gathering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itinerant_groups_in_Europe" title="Itinerant groups in Europe">Itinerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-technology">Low-technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a></li></ul> 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