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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Messias" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Messias" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Om_begrepet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Om_begrepet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Om begrepet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Om_begrepet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Det_gamle_testamentet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Det_gamle_testamentet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Det gamle testamentet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Det_gamle_testamentet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Det gamle testamentet</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Det_gamle_testamentet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Før_det_8._århundre_f.Kr." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Før_det_8._århundre_f.Kr."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Før det 8. århundre f.Kr.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Før_det_8._århundre_f.Kr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fra_og_med_det_8._århundre_f.Kr._til_det_babylonske_eksil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fra_og_med_det_8._århundre_f.Kr._til_det_babylonske_eksil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fra og med det 8. århundre f.Kr. til det babylonske eksil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fra_og_med_det_8._århundre_f.Kr._til_det_babylonske_eksil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fra_og_med_det_babylonske_eksil_og_frem_til_makkabeisk_tid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fra_og_med_det_babylonske_eksil_og_frem_til_makkabeisk_tid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fra og med det babylonske eksil og frem til makkabeisk tid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fra_og_med_det_babylonske_eksil_og_frem_til_makkabeisk_tid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritanenes_messiasforventning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritanenes_messiasforventning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Samaritanenes messiasforventning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritanenes_messiasforventning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jødedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jødedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jødedom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jødedom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Jødedom</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jødedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fariseernes_messiasforventning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fariseernes_messiasforventning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fariseernes messiasforventning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fariseernes_messiasforventning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Det_nye_testamente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Det_nye_testamente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Det nye testamente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Det_nye_testamente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Messias</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 89 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mess%C3%ADas" title="Messías – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Messías" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%88%B5" title="ክርስቶስ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ክርስቶስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="مشيح – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%9A%DC%90" title="ܡܫܝܚܐ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܫܝܚܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADes" title="Mesíes – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mesíes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99sih" title="Məsih – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məsih" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9" title="মশীহ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মশীহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Месія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Месія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Месия – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Месия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesiaz" title="Mesiaz – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mesiaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messies" title="Messies – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Messies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Mesiáš – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mesiáš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muishe" title="Muishe – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muishe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meseia" title="Meseia – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meseia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μεσσίας – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεσσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Messiah" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADas" title="Mesías – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mesías" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesio" title="Mesio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mesio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mesias" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="مسیحا – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messie" title="Messie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Messie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meisias" title="Meisias – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meisias" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADas" title="Mesías – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mesías" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="메시아 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Messiah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մեսիա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE" title="मसीहा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मसीहा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesija" title="Mesija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mesija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="মেসসইয়াস – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মেসসইয়াস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesias" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messia" title="Messia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Messia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messia" title="Messia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Messia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97_(%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="משיח (דתות) – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משיח (דתות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9sias" title="Mésias – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mésias" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мессия – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мессия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masiya" title="Masiya – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Masiya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi" title="Mesi – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mesi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мессия – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мессия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2" title="ເມຊີອາ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເມຊີອາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesija" title="Mesija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mesija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesijas" title="Mesijas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mesijas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messi%C3%A1s" title="Messiás – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Messiás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Месија – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Месија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9" title="മിശിഹ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിശിഹ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messija" title="Messija – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Messija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="المسيح فى الاديان الابراهيميه – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المسيح فى الاديان الابراهيميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="مسیح – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مسیح" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Masih" title="Al-Masih – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Al-Masih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="メシア – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiya" title="Messiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Messiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਸੀਹਾ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਸੀਹਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomazaniec" title="Pomazaniec – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pomazaniec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мессия – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мессия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Messiah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi%C3%A1%C5%A1_(n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo)" title="Mesiáš (náboženstvo) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mesiáš (náboženstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Месија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Месија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesija" title="Mesija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mesija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mesiyas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="மெசியா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="เมสสิยาห์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมสสิยาห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesih" title="Mesih – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mesih" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CC%B1siya" title="Ma̱siya – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ma̱siya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Месія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Месія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="مسیح – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسیح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Messiah" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADyas" title="Mesíyas – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mesíyas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almasi_bi" title="Almasi bi – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Almasi bi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A" title="弥赛亚 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弥赛亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97_(%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="משיח (אלגעמיין) – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="משיח (אלגעמיין)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="默西亞 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="默西亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesih" title="Mesih – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mesih" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E" title="彌賽亞 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彌賽亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Torah_(The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_X).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Torah_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_X%29.jpg/250px-Torah_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_X%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Torah_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_X%29.jpg/375px-Torah_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_X%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Torah_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_X%29.jpg/500px-Torah_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_X%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>En jødisk <a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">torah</a> – en lovrull</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote dablink noexcerpt">«Messias» har <a href="/wiki/Messias_(andre_betydninger)" class="mw-disambig" title="Messias (andre betydninger)">flere betydninger</a>.</div> <p><b>Messias</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk">heb.</a> <b>משיח</b> <i>maschiach</i>, også <i>moschiach</i>, arameisk <i>meschiah</i>) er et begrep som i utgangspunktet betyr <b>salvet</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Om_begrepet">Om begrepet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Om begrepet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Om begrepet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Begrepet <b>messias</b> kommer fra <a href="/wiki/Det_gamle_testamente" class="mw-redirect" title="Det gamle testamente">Det gamle testamente</a>, men er blitt et allment <a href="/wiki/Religionsvitenskap" title="Religionsvitenskap">religionsvitenskapelig</a> begrep. Vanligvis knyttes begrepet til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Messianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messianisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">messianisme</a> som betegner en mer omfattende frelses- og forløsningslengsel og som ofte knyttes til messianske bevegelser. </p><p>Begrepet 'messias' dannes av det hebraiske <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verbet</a> <i>masjach</i> (<span class="he" dir="rtl" style="font-family:'Ezra SIL', 'Ezra SIL SR', 'Keter Aram Tsova', 'Taamey Ashkenaz', 'Taamey David CLM', 'Taamey Frank CLM', 'Frank Ruehl CLM', 'Keter YG', 'Shofar', 'David CLM', 'Hadasim CLM', 'Simple CLM', 'Nachlieli', 'SBL BibLit', 'SBL Hebrew', Cardo, Alef, 'Noto Serif Hebrew', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'David Libre', David, 'Times New Roman', Gisha, Arial;font-size:11pt" lang="he">משח</span>). <i>Masjach</i> betegner en handling, ofte utført av en profet, der det smøres (salves med) olje (<i>misjchah</i>, <span class="he" dir="rtl" style="font-family:'Ezra SIL', 'Ezra SIL SR', 'Keter Aram Tsova', 'Taamey Ashkenaz', 'Taamey David CLM', 'Taamey Frank CLM', 'Frank Ruehl CLM', 'Keter YG', 'Shofar', 'David CLM', 'Hadasim CLM', 'Simple CLM', 'Nachlieli', 'SBL BibLit', 'SBL Hebrew', Cardo, Alef, 'Noto Serif Hebrew', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'David Libre', David, 'Times New Roman', Gisha, Arial;font-size:11pt" lang="he">םשחה</span>) på hodet. Eksempler på dette kan være blant annet salvingen av kong <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> i Det gamle testamente, som er beskrevet slik i <a href="/wiki/1._Samuelsbok" class="mw-redirect" title="1. Samuelsbok"><i>1. Samuels bok</i></a> kapittel 10, vers 1: «Samuel tok en oljekrukke og helte oljen over Sauls hode. Han kysset ham og sa: «Nå har Herren salvet deg til fyrste over sin eiendom.»»<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Det_gamle_testamentet">Det gamle testamentet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Det gamle testamentet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Det gamle testamentet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Det gamle testamentet brukes normalt begrepet messias om <i>den salvede konge av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davids_hus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davids hus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Davids hus</a>, utvalgt og innsatt av Gud og som skal etablere kongedømmet slik Gud har planlagt for Israels hus</i>. Begrepet uttrykker i utgangspunktet en kongeideologi, muligens av egyptisk opprinnelse, i det gamle <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (jf. <a href="/wiki/Andre_Samuelsbok" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Samuelsbok">2. Sam.</a> 7). </p> <dl><dd>I den mest utbredte greske oversettelsen av Det gamle testamente, <a href="/wiki/Septuaginta" title="Septuaginta">Septuaginta</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=LXX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LXX (ikke skrevet ennå)">LXX</a>) oversettes begrepet maschiach med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christos (ikke skrevet ennå)">Christos</a>.</dd></dl> <p>I Det gamle testamente kan også prester etter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksilet_i_Babylon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksilet i Babylon (ikke skrevet ennå)">eksilet</a> bli salvet, og noe sjeldere <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profeter</a> (<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_kongebok" class="mw-redirect" title="Første kongebok">1. Kong.</a> kapittel 19, vers 16). Det finnes også et eksempel hvor begrepet brukes om perserkongen <a href="/wiki/Kyros_den_store" title="Kyros den store">Kyros</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesajaboken" title="Jesajaboken">Jes.</a> kapittel 45, vers 1). </p><p>Vanligvis sporer man en utvikling i forestillingen om messias i Det gamle testamente, fra en førorientalsk kongeideologi til en <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi" title="Eskatologi">eskatologisk</a> messianisme. </p> <dl><dd>En rekke forskere mener å spore en utvikling i tekstene i Det gamle testamente for bruken av verbet masjach. I de eldste lagene mener de å finne såkalte «pluralistiske formuleringer» (begrepet hentyder til at det er flere personer som foretar salvingen) som er kontraktsinngåelser, f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Dommernes_bok" title="Dommernes bok">Dom.</a> 9,8.15. I neste ledd kommer salving foretatt av prester og akklamert av folket, f.eks. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_kongebok" class="mw-redirect" title="Første kongebok">1 Kong.</a> 1,32ff. Etter hvert blir selve salvingen «teologisert» og det blir <a href="/wiki/JHWH" class="mw-redirect" title="JHWH">JHWH</a> selv som salver gjennom profetene, f.eks. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_Samuelsbok" class="mw-redirect" title="Første Samuelsbok">1. Sam.</a> 16,1ff. Det likevel naturlig å tegne utviklingen i messiasforståelsen bredere i Det gamle testamente, blant annet ved å trekke inn tekster hvor begrepet ikke opptrer.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Før_det_8._århundre_f.Kr."><span id="F.C3.B8r_det_8._.C3.A5rhundre_f.Kr."></span>Før det 8. århundre f.Kr.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Før det 8. århundre f.Kr." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Før det 8. århundre f.Kr."><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I den tidlige davidiske kongetid (10 årh. f.Kr.) i <a href="/wiki/Juda" title="Juda">Juda</a> ble hver eneste konge (messias) sett på som en leder og forløser sendt av Gud til folket. Kongeideologien er uttrykk for hoffets ideologi. I det nordlige Israel er det ikke like tydelige spor etter en messiasforestilling. </p><p>Sentrale tekster: </p> <ul><li>Mest sannsynlig er det tidligste litterære nedtegnelse av en messiansk forståelse av Davids hus i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natanl%C3%B8ftet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natanløftet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Natanløftet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Andre_Samuelsbok" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Samuelsbok">2. Sam.</a> 7 (sml. <a href="/wiki/Salmenes_bok" title="Salmenes bok">Salme</a> 89 og <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B8rste_kr%C3%B8nikerbok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Første krønikerbok (ikke skrevet ennå)">1. Krøn.</a> 17). Denne teksten ligger bak en del <a href="/wiki/Det_nye_testamente" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nye testamente">nytestamentlige</a> tekster. Løftet ser ut til å ha inneholdt (basert på <a href="/wiki/Salmenes_bok" title="Salmenes bok">Salme</a> 89) følgende ting: 1. Guds utvelgelse av <a href="/wiki/Kong_David" title="Kong David">kong David</a>, 2. Løfte om seier og stort herredømme, 3. Løfte om å adoptere David og hans etterfølgere som Guds sønner, 4. Løfte om et evig dynasti.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_(stamfar)" title="Jakob (stamfar)">Jakobs</a> velsignelse av Juda (<a href="/wiki/Genesis" title="Genesis">1. Mos.</a> 49) kommer mest sannsynlig fra tidlig kongetid og alluderer implisitt til Davids herredømme. Velsignelsen er formulert for å sikre fortsatt herredømme for Davids hus.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongesalmene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongesalmene (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kongesalmene</a> i <a href="/wiki/Salmenes_bok" title="Salmenes bok">Salmenes bok</a> (spesielt <a href="/wiki/Salmenes_bok" title="Salmenes bok">Salme</a> 2, 72 og 110). Disse er muligens svært gamle, men dateringen varierer fra forsker til forsker. De ble mest sannsynlig brukt ved større og viktige anledninger i monarkens liv, som for eksempel kroningen (jf. <a href="/wiki/Salmenes_bok" title="Salmenes bok">Salme</a> 2). Gjennomgående temaer er som regel kongens guddommelige opphav og kongens verdensherredømme. <a href="/wiki/Salmenes_bok" title="Salmenes bok">Salme</a> 72 er spesielt viktig fordi den uttrykker idealkongen. Han er de fattige og nedbøydes konge som seirer over sine fiender. Han sørger for velsignelse over landet. Kongen er en slags idealisert etterfølger etter David.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fra_og_med_det_8._århundre_f.Kr._til_det_babylonske_eksil"><span id="Fra_og_med_det_8._.C3.A5rhundre_f.Kr._til_det_babylonske_eksil"></span>Fra og med det 8. århundre f.Kr. til det babylonske eksil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fra og med det 8. århundre f.Kr. til det babylonske eksil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fra og med det 8. århundre f.Kr. til det babylonske eksil"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det gamle testamentes største historieverk, <a href="/wiki/Det_deutronomistiske_historieverk" class="mw-redirect" title="Det deutronomistiske historieverk">Det deutronomistiske historieverk</a>, beskriver denne perioden av Israels historie som en forfallstid med dårlige konger som dyrker fremmede guder. I denne situasjonen oppstår det et håp om endring i nær fremtid (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Immanens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immanens (ikke skrevet ennå)">immanent</a> eskatologi), som blir sporen til en eskatologisk messianisme. </p><p>Sentrale tekster: </p> <ul><li>I den delen av <a href="/wiki/Jesajaboken" title="Jesajaboken">Jesajaboken</a>, som forskningen tradisjonelt har omtalt som Protojesaja (ca. 700 f.Kr.), tegnes det et bilde av at Gud skal bryte inn og en ny David skal komme for å opprette paradisiske tilstander (Jes. 9).</li> <li>Hos profeten <a href="/wiki/Mika_(profet)" title="Mika (profet)">Mika (profet)</a> (ca. 700 f.Kr.) sies det at den nye David skal komme fra davidsbyen <a href="/wiki/Betlehem" title="Betlehem">Betlehem</a> (Mika 5,1-6).</li> <li>Profeten <a href="/wiki/Jeremia" title="Jeremia">Jeremia</a> (ca. 600 f.Kr.) taler om en ny spire, som er rettferdig og som skal vokse frem i Davids ætt (Jer. 23,5, se også Jes. 4,2)</li> <li>I tillegg disse to forestillingene, en ny David og en ny spire, forteller profeten <a href="/wiki/Esekiel" title="Esekiel">Esekiel</a> (ca. 600 f.Kr.) om at det skal reises opp en ny <a href="/wiki/Hyrde" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyrde">hyrde</a> over Israels folk (Esek. 17,22; 34,23; 37,24)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fra_og_med_det_babylonske_eksil_og_frem_til_makkabeisk_tid">Fra og med det babylonske eksil og frem til makkabeisk tid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fra og med det babylonske eksil og frem til makkabeisk tid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fra og med det babylonske eksil og frem til makkabeisk tid"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I eksilet utvides messiasbegrepet til å inkludere skikkelser utenfor Davids hus og selve forestillingen blir tydelig eskatologisert ved at den skyves ut i fremtiden og at forestillingen blir mer universell (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transcendens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transcendens (ikke skrevet ennå)">transcendent</a> eskatologi). Etter hvert gjenspeiler tekstene at de forventer at Gud selv skal gripe inn, slik som ved utgangen fra <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Exodus" class="mw-disambig" title="Exodus">Exodus</a>). Det er først ved utgangen av Det gamle testamentes tid at vi kan snakke om en virkelig messianisme (slik bl.a. forestillingen fremkommer i Det nye testamente). </p><p>Sentrale tekster: </p> <ul><li>I en sen del av <a href="/wiki/Sakarjaboken" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakarjaboken">Sakarjaboken</a> (300-tallet f.Kr.) tegnes et mer universelt bilde av messias. Han skal herske fra hav til hav samtidig som bildet av den rettferdige og ydmyke konge understrekes (Sak. 9,9).</li> <li>En viktig tekst i denne sammehengen er den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apokalyptikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apokalyptikk (ikke skrevet ennå)">apokalyptiske</a> boken Daniel, <a href="/wiki/Daniels_bok" title="Daniels bok">Daniel</a> 7,13f, hvor en spesiell skikkelse beskrives. Skikkelsen omtales som <a href="/wiki/Menneskes%C3%B8nnen" title="Menneskesønnen">menneskesønnen</a> og er en evig, himmelsk, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transcendens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transcendens (ikke skrevet ennå)">transcendent</a> skikkelse som får makt av Gud over alle folk i et evig rike. Denne apokalyptiske skikkelsen farger senere den jordiske messiasskikkelsen slik som i <a href="/w/index.php?title=1._Enoks_bok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1. Enoks bok (ikke skrevet ennå)">1. Enoks bok</a>.</li> <li>Etter hvert blir flere og flere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intertestamentlig_tid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intertestamentlig tid (ikke skrevet ennå)">mellombibelske tekster</a> aktuelle for å beskrive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Messianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messianisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">messianismen</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> finnes det en forestilling både om en prestelig messias (av Arons stamme, «stjernen av Jakob») og en davidisk messias (av Juda stamme, «herskerspiret fra Israel»). Denne messiasforestillingen omtales ofte som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyarki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyarki (ikke skrevet ennå)">dyarkisk</a> messianisme og har sin bakgrunn i <a href="/wiki/Numeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Numeri">4. Mos.</a> 24,17 (ev. også <a href="/wiki/Sakarjaboken" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakarjaboken">Sakarja</a> 4,14).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samaritanenes_messiasforventning">Samaritanenes messiasforventning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Samaritanenes messiasforventning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Samaritanenes messiasforventning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Samaritanene" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritanene">Samaritanene</a> har også en messiasforventing, men ettersom deres hellige skrifter bare består av de fem mosebøkerne (<a href="/wiki/Pentateuken" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuken">Pentateuken</a>) er deres forventning ikke basert på en «messiaskonge» av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davids_hus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davids hus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Davids hus</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Deutronomium" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutronomium">5. Mos.</a> 18,15-19 ventes en <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profet</a> som <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>. Denne kalles <i>Ta'eb</i>, heb. <i>gjenoppretteren</i>, dvs. av kulten. <a href="/wiki/Kult" title="Kult">Kultens</a> plass er et sentralt motiv i <a href="/wiki/Det_deutronomistiske_historieverk" class="mw-redirect" title="Det deutronomistiske historieverk">det deutronomistiske historieverk</a> (jf. 5. Mos. 12). </p><p>Denne forventningen om en «profetmessias» er det også spor av i <a href="/wiki/Det_nye_testamente" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nye testamente">Det nye testamente</a> (Joh. 4,25), og fra historien vet vi at en mann under <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilatus" title="Pontius Pilatus">Pontius Pilatus</a>, i år 35 e.Kr., førte sine tilhengere opp på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garizim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garizim (ikke skrevet ennå)">Garizim</a>, samaritanenes hellige fjell, for å vise hvor Moses hadde gjemt de hellige tempelgjenstander. Det oppstod trefninger mellom mengden som var på <a href="/wiki/Valfart" class="mw-redirect" title="Valfart">valfart</a> og Pontius Pilatus' menn, og mange ble drept. Pilatus måtte i denne forbindelsen gå av som <a href="/wiki/Prokurator" title="Prokurator">prokurator</a> av <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> i år 36 e.Kr. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jødedom"><span id="J.C3.B8dedom"></span>Jødedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Jødedom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Jødedom"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fariseernes_messiasforventning">Fariseernes messiasforventning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fariseernes messiasforventning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fariseernes messiasforventning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fariseerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariseerne">Fariseerne</a>, de skriftlærde, bygger på de gammeltestamentlige løfter knyttet til Davids ætt. Opprinnelig gikk ikke forventningen på en enkeltperson, men et evig dynasti av davidiske konger. Hos Fariseerne er det tydelig en bestemt person som kommer dersom folket overholder <a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">loven</a> strengt. </p> <ul><li>I <a href="/wiki/Salomos_salmer" title="Salomos salmer">Salomos salmer</a> skildres den davidiske messias detaljert (kap. 17-18). Messias skal knuse de ugudelige <a href="/wiki/Fyrste" title="Fyrste">fyrster</a> og rense <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hedninger" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedninger">hedninger</a>. Han skal også samle et hellig folk i Israel og dømme Israels hus. Messias skal også herliggjøre Herren på en synlig måte for alle mennesker slik at de kommer for å se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guds_herlighet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guds herlighet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Guds herlighet</a>. Akkurat som i Salme 72 skal han også være en rettferdig idealkonge.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Det_nye_testamente">Det nye testamente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Det nye testamente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Det nye testamente"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Se artikkelen <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a>, og hovedartikkelen <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Kristus" title="Jesus Kristus">Jesus Kristus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Islam"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Se hovedartikkel <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibel.no/nettbibelen">«Nettbibelen»</a>. <i>Bibelselskapet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 12. februar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMessias&rft.atitle=Nettbibelen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bibelselskapet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibel.no%2Fnettbibelen&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messias&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Albertz, Rainer <i>A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament period</i> [Vol I/II] (Oversatt av John Bowden), London: SCM Press, 1994 (1992)</li> <li>Becker, J. <i>Messianic Expectation in the Old Testament</i>. Translated by Green, D. E. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1980</li> <li>Day, J., red. <i>King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient near East</i>, Procedings of the Oxford Old Testament Seminar, Journal for the Study of Old Testament Supplement Series 270. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.</li> <li>Gressmann, H. <i>Der Messias</i>, Forschungen Zur Religion Und Literatur Des Alten Und Neuen Testaments ; 43. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1929</li> <li>Hess, R. S., G. J. Wenham og P. E. Satterthwaite. <i>The Lord's Anointed : Interpretation of Old Testament Messianic Texts</i>, Tyndale House Studies. Carlisle: Paternoster, 1995</li> <li>Laato, A. <i>A Star Is Rising : The Historical Development of the Old Testament Royal Ideology and the Rise of the Jewish Messianic Expectations</i>, University of South Florida International Studies in Formative Christianity and Judaism ; V. 5. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1998</li> <li>Lundager Jensen, Hans.J.: <i>Gammel Testamentlig Religion – En Indføring</i>, Fredriksberg C: Anis, 1998</li> <li>Miller, J.M. and Hayes, J.H., <i>A History of Ancient Israel and Judah</i>, London: SCM Press, 1986, s.307-39</li> <li>Mowinckel, S. <i>Han Som Kommer : Messiasforventningen i Det Gamle Testamente og på Jesu Tid</i>. København: G.E.C. Gads forlag, 1951</li> <li>Preuss, Horst D. <i>Old Testament Theology</i> [I/II] (Oversatt av Leo G.Perdue), Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1996 (1992) i utvalg</li> <li>Sæbø, M., <i>Zum Verhältnis von Messianismus und Eschatologie im AT</i>, i: Jahrbuch für biblische Theologie 1993</li> <li>Thompson, T. L. <i>The Messiah Epithet in the Hebrew Bible</i>. Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 15, no. 1 (2001): 57-82.</li> <li>Waschke, E.-J. <i>Der Gesalbte : Studien Zur Alttestamentlichen Theologie</i>, Beiheft Zur Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ; Bd. 306. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2001</li> <li>Westermann, Claus <i>Elements of Old Testament theology</i> (Oversatt av Douglas W.Stott), Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1982 (1979)</li> <li>Zimmerli, Walther Old Testament Theology in Outline, Edinburgh: John Knox Press, 1978</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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