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Tillgänglig på 55 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ريتشارد أكسل – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد أكسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%A7ard_Aksel" title="Riçard Aksel – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riçard Aksel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچارد اکسل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچارد اکسل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="রিচার্ড অ্যাক্সেল – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিচার্ড অ্যাক্সেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Рычард Эксел – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Эксел" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچارد اکسل – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد اکسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%95%A1%EC%84%A4" title="리처드 액설 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 액설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D4%B1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Ռիչարդ Աքսել – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Աքսել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2" title="रिचर्ड एक्सल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिचर्ड एक्सल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9C" title="ריצ'רד אקסל – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד אקסל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ричард Эксел – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ричард Эксел" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_Axel" title="Ricardus Axel – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus Axel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD" title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സെൽ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സെൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ريتشارد اكسل – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد اكسل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچارد اکسل – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ریچارد اکسل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="リチャード・アクセル – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・アクセル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ریچرڈ ایکسل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریچرڈ ایکسل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Аксел, Ричард – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аксел, Ричард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ڕیچارد ئەکسل – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیچارد ئەکسل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ричард Аксел – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард Аксел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ричард Аксел – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ричард Аксел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Річард Ексел – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Ексел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B2%D9%84" title="رچرڈ اکزل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رچرڈ اکزل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Richard Axel" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="理查德·阿克塞尔 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理查德·阿克塞尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211940#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Richard Axel <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobelmedalj.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin 2004"><img alt="Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/20px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/30px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/40px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg/233px-Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg/350px-Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="648" /></a></span> <div style="">Richard Axel, 11 juli 2014.</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/2_juli" title="2 juli">2 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a><sup id="cite_ref-4e85cddc2c6d862b2c77cf5c7832191d161b63e5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4e85cddc2c6d862b2c77cf5c7832191d161b63e5-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c8403203e067c763ad7d00c07ba8bb8c9d31b84c_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c8403203e067c763ad7d00c07ba8bb8c9d31b84c-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3d28a40fbd8a03fe3388d4b9532995041902e5f1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3d28a40fbd8a03fe3388d4b9532995041902e5f1-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (78 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuyvesant_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuyvesant High School [inte skriven än]">Stuyvesant High School</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine [inte skriven än]">Johns Hopkins School of Medicine</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211940?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Biokemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Biokemist">Biokemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurolog">neurolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitetsl%C3%A4rare" title="Universitetslärare">universitetslärare</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine [inte skriven än]">Johns Hopkins School of Medicine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a><sup id="cite_ref-c6ff71fae14d75eb8a458a83665b2369b3a2aa87_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c6ff71fae14d75eb8a458a83665b2369b3a2aa87-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Hughes_Medical_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute [inte skriven än]">Howard Hughes Medical Institute</a><sup id="cite_ref-c6ff71fae14d75eb8a458a83665b2369b3a2aa87_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c6ff71fae14d75eb8a458a83665b2369b3a2aa87-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Maka</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelia_Bargmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelia Bargmann [inte skriven än]">Cornelia Bargmann</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_T._Waterman_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan T. Waterman Award [inte skriven än]">Alan T. Waterman Award</a><small> (1982)</small><sup id="cite_ref-8c55c6fb3d49ed16837355ad2b0be9128f6987f3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8c55c6fb3d49ed16837355ad2b0be9128f6987f3-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Lounsbery_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Lounsbery Award [inte skriven än]">Richard Lounsbery Award</a><small> (1989)</small><sup id="cite_ref-1785343d46bdc061a35ce02ee8be20f8e1c939b2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1785343d46bdc061a35ce02ee8be20f8e1c939b2-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosenstielpriset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosenstielpriset [inte skriven än]">Rosenstielpriset</a><small> (1996)</small><sup id="cite_ref-76652695880aa84414ff582fbab72f2865ebe5e7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76652695880aa84414ff582fbab72f2865ebe5e7-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Bristol-Myers Squibb Award för framstående prestation inom neurovetenskaplig forskning<small> (1998)</small><sup id="cite_ref-41ae676195eede326436aee17569284e0673d874_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41ae676195eede326436aee17569284e0673d874-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl-UNC_Neurovetenskaps-pris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perl-UNC Neurovetenskaps-pris [inte skriven än]">Perl-UNC Neurovetenskaps-pris</a><small> (2002)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gairdner_Foundation_International_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gairdner Foundation International Award [inte skriven än]">Gairdner Foundation International Award</a><small> (2003)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin</a><small> (2004)</small><sup id="cite_ref-eb4bbcbf291761315c5861d2173a9860af32a1a2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb4bbcbf291761315c5861d2173a9860af32a1a2-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Utl%C3%A4ndsk_ledamot_av_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Utländsk ledamot av Royal Society">Utländsk ledamot av Royal Society</a><small> (2014)</small><sup id="cite_ref-45e9dc10b36ebc55e01e8004256c600e88416327_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45e9dc10b36ebc55e01e8004256c600e88416327-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><small> (2018)</small><sup id="cite_ref-4402fd97508b7e0966d8eeacec551d6b3390d6cc_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4402fd97508b7e0966d8eeacec551d6b3390d6cc-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />John Jay Award</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Richard_Axel" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Richard Axel">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Axel</b>, född <a href="/wiki/2_juli" title="2 juli">2 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> i <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, är en amerikansk <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4kare" title="Läkare">läkare</a> och <a href="/wiki/Biokemi" title="Biokemi">biokemist</a>. </p><p>Mottog tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda B. Buck">Linda B. Buck</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin</a> år <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> "<i>för deras upptäckter av luktreceptorer och luktsinnets organisation</i>". </p><p>Axel och Buck upptäckte att vi i våra luktreceptorceller i näsans slemhinna har ungefär tusen olika typer av luktreceptorer. Varje typ av luktreceptor är specialiserad och kan endast känna av ett begränsat antal doftämnen. I vår <a href="/wiki/Arvsmassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Arvsmassa">arvsmassa</a> finns en hel familj av <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gener</a> som ger upphov till dessa olika receptorer. Varje typ av receptor är förbunden till ett eget område i hjärnans primära luktcentrum. Signalerna från detta luktcentrum skickas sedan vidare till andra delar av hjärnan där informationen kombineras till en upplevelse av en doft. Varje urskiljbar doft kan alltså sägas vara en unik kombination av signaler från de grundläggande receptortyperna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Axel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Axel&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4e85cddc2c6d862b2c77cf5c7832191d161b63e5-1"><a href="#cite_ref-4e85cddc2c6d862b2c77cf5c7832191d161b63e5_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="latin">Encyclopædia Britannica</span></i>, Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Axel">biography/Richard-Axel</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-Online">topic/Britannica-Online</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c8403203e067c763ad7d00c07ba8bb8c9d31b84c-2"><a href="#cite_ref-c8403203e067c763ad7d00c07ba8bb8c9d31b84c_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie-ID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/axel-richard">axel-richard</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3d28a40fbd8a03fe3388d4b9532995041902e5f1-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3d28a40fbd8a03fe3388d4b9532995041902e5f1_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Munzinger Personen</i>, Munzinger person-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000025095">00000025095</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c6ff71fae14d75eb8a458a83665b2369b3a2aa87-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-c6ff71fae14d75eb8a458a83665b2369b3a2aa87_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c6ff71fae14d75eb8a458a83665b2369b3a2aa87_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/richard-axel-md">läs online</a>, <i>zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8c55c6fb3d49ed16837355ad2b0be9128f6987f3-5"><a href="#cite_ref-8c55c6fb3d49ed16837355ad2b0be9128f6987f3_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.nsf.gov/od/honorary-awards/waterman">läs online</a>, <i>new.nsf.gov</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1785343d46bdc061a35ce02ee8be20f8e1c939b2-6"><a href="#cite_ref-1785343d46bdc061a35ce02ee8be20f8e1c939b2_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/richard-lounsbery-award.html">läs online</a>, <i>www.nasonline.org</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76652695880aa84414ff582fbab72f2865ebe5e7-7"><a href="#cite_ref-76652695880aa84414ff582fbab72f2865ebe5e7_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandeis.edu/rosenstiel/rosenstiel-award/past.html">läs online</a>, <i>www.brandeis.edu</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41ae676195eede326436aee17569284e0673d874-8"><a href="#cite_ref-41ae676195eede326436aee17569284e0673d874_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bms.com/documents/foundation/factsh.pdf"><span title="engelska">GRANTS AND AWARDS PROGRAM FACT SHEET</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bms.com/documents/foundation/factsh.pdf">läs online</a>, läst: 14 januari 2013.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb4bbcbf291761315c5861d2173a9860af32a1a2-9"><a href="#cite_ref-eb4bbcbf291761315c5861d2173a9860af32a1a2_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2004/summary/"><span title="engelska">The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004</span></a>, Nobelprize.org</i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2004/summary/">läs online</a>, läst: 4 februari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4-10"><a href="#cite_ref-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf"><span title="engelska">Table showing prize amounts</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, april 2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf">läs online</a>, läst: 4 februari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45e9dc10b36ebc55e01e8004256c600e88416327-11"><a href="#cite_ref-45e9dc10b36ebc55e01e8004256c600e88416327_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">läst: 30 april 2022.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4402fd97508b7e0966d8eeacec551d6b3390d6cc-12"><a href="#cite_ref-4402fd97508b7e0966d8eeacec551d6b3390d6cc_12-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaas.org/news/aaas-honors-accomplished-scientists-2018-elected-fellows">läs online</a>, <i>www.aaas.org</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Axel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Axel&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Axel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Axel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Axel">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/index.html">Nobelprize.org, Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/axel-autobio.html">Nobelprize.org, Richard Axel - Självbiografi</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor 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style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#FFE974;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Mall:Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1901–1925</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Emil_von_Behring" title="Emil von Behring">von Behring</a> (1901)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> (1902)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Ryberg Finsen</a> (1903)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> (1904)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> (1905)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Cajal</a> (1906)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> (1907)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Metjnikov" title="Ilja Metjnikov">Metjnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> (1908)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Kocher" title="Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> (1909)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> (1910)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> (1911)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> (1912)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> (1913)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> (1914)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser utdelades 1915–1918.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> (1919)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> (1920)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1921.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Archibald_V._Hill" title="Archibald V. Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> (1922)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Banting" title="Frederick G. Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a> (1923)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> (1924)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1925.</i></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/90px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/120px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1926–1950</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a> (1926)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> (1928)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a> (1929)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> (1930)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Warburg_(medicinare)" title="Otto Warburg (medicinare)">Warburg</a> (1931)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian">Adrian</a> (1932)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Morgan" title="Thomas H. Morgan">Morgan</a> (1933)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Whipple" title="George H. Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_R._Minot" title="George R. Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" title="William P. Murphy">Murphy</a> (1934)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> (1935)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dale" title="Henry Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> (1936)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a> (1938)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> (1939)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser utdelades 1940–1942.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Doisy" title="Edward A. Doisy">Doisy</a> (1943)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gasser" title="Herbert S. Gasser">Gasser</a> (1944)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Florey</a> (1945)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> (1946)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Cori" title="Carl Cori">C. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Alberto_Houssay" title="Bernardo Alberto Houssay">Houssay</a> (1947)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> (1948)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hess" title="Walter Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egas_Moniz" title="Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> (1949)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Kendall" title="Edward C. Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_S._Hench" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip S. Hench">Hench</a> (1950)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1951–1975</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> (1951)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Selman_A._Waksman" title="Selman A. Waksman">Waksman</a> (1952)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(biokemist)" title="Hans Krebs (biokemist)">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Lipmann</a> (1953)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Enders" title="John F. Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Weller" title="Thomas H. Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Robbins" title="Frederick C. Robbins">Robbins</a> (1954)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> (1955)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_F._Cournand" title="André F. Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> (1956)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> (1957)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> (1958)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> (1959)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> (1960)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">von Békésy</a> (1961)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> (1962)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_L._Hodgkin" title="Alan L. Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a> (1963)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a> (1964)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff" title="André Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod_(biolog)" title="Jacques Monod (biolog)">Monod</a> (1965)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peyton_Rous" title="Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Huggins" title="Charles B. Huggins">Huggins</a> (1966)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> (1967)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Nirenberg" title="Marshall W. Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> (1968)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck_(biofysiker)" title="Max Delbrück (biofysiker)">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Hershey" title="Alfred D. Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_E._Luria" title="Salvador E. Luria">Luria</a> (1969)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">von Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> (1970)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland" title="Earl W. Sutherland">Sutherland</a> (1971)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Edelman" title="Gerald M. Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_R._Porter" title="Rodney R. Porter">Porter</a> (1972)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">von Frish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> (1973)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">de Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_E._Palade" title="George E. Palade">Palade</a> (1974)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_M._Temin" title="Howard M. Temin">Temin</a> (1975)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1976–2000</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Baruch_S._Blumberg" title="Baruch S. Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._Carleton_Gajdusek" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> (1976)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_V._Schally" title="Andrew V. Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a> (1977)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Smith</a> (1978)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allan_M._Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan M. Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_N._Hounsfield" title="Godfrey N. Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> (1979)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_D._Snell" title="George D. Snell">Snell</a> (1980)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" title="Roger W. Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1981)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Vane" title="John R. Vane">Vane</a> (1982)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> (1983)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_K._Jerne" title="Niels K. Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> (1984)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a> (1985)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> (1987)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" class="mw-redirect" title="James W. Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> (1988)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> (1989)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Murray" title="Joseph E. Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> (1990)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> (1991)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a> (1992)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Sharp</a> (1993)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> (1994)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> (1995)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> (1996)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> (1997)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Ignarro" title="Louis J. Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> (1998)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> (1999)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_R._Kandel" title="Eric R. Kandel">Kandel</a> (2000)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">Från 2001</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> (2001)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Sulston" title="John E. Sulston">Sulston</a> (2002)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (2003)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> (2004)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> (2005)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig C. Mello">Mello</a> (2006)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a> (2007)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> (2008)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> (2009)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a> (2010)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> (2011)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> (2012)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> (2013)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M-B. Moser</a> (2014)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a> (2015)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Ohsumi</a> (2016)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> (2017)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> (2018)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_G._Kaelin_Jr." title="William G. Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> (2019)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> (2020)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> (2021)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> (2022)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> (2023)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> (2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79116881">WorldCat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16054556">16054556</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79116881">n79116881</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000054742975">0000 0000 5474 2975</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-4076">0000-0002-3141-4076</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1140791419">1140791419</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Libris_XL" title="Libris XL">Libris XL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/b8nqtssv397p7w9">b8nqtssv397p7w9</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/katalogisering/search/libris?_limit=20&o=https%3A%2F%2Flibris.kb.se%2Fb8nqtssv397p7w9%23it">Katalogiserade verk.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/katalogisering/search/libris?_limit=20&o=https%3A%2F%2Flibris.kb.se%2Fb8nqtssv397p7w9%23it&p=contribution.agent.%40id&p=instanceOf.contribution.agent.%40id">Andra katalogiserade bidrag.</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/111080088">111080088</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90128139">90128139</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genealogy.ams.org/id.php?id=273481">273481</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0148111&CON_LNG=ENG">xx0148111</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06884134?l=en">DA06884134</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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