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With the growing civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s, Connor maintained racist policies that came to a fruition with the jailing and televised water-hosing of" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="political-figures,Famous Political Figures,Biography-US" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2021-03-29 20:51:20" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.socialtitle" content="Eugene "Bull" Connor - Civil Rights, Life & Facts" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.contenttype" content="standard-article" data-next-head/><meta id="m1" name="m1" itemprop="cssSelector " content=".content-hed" data-next-head/><meta id="m2" name="m2" itemprop="cssSelector" content=".content-dek p" data-next-head/><link href="/" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SpeakableSpecification" itemref="m1 m2" data-next-head/><script id="settings" 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With the growing civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s, Connor maintained racist policies that came to a fruition with the jailing and televised water-hosing of peaceful protesters. He died in Birmingham on March 10, 1973.BackgroundTheophilus Eugene Connor was born on July 11, 1897, in Selma, Alabama. His mother died when he was a child, with reports that he lived with relatives or traveled extensively across the United States with his father, Hugh, who worked as a railroad dispatcher and telegrapher. The young Connor never finished high school, though he did learn his father's trade. He later received the moniker \"Bull\" from friends inspired by the cartoon character B.U.L. Conner.Becomes CommissionerConnor wed Beara Levin in 1920, with the two going on to have a daughter and move to the city of Birmingham. Connor worked a number of jobs and then gained prominence as a radio sports personality. He eventually turned to politics, serving on the Alabama state legislature in the mid-1930s. In 1937, he became the city's public safety commissioner, winning multiple reelections to the position throughout the 1940s and then running unsuccessfully for the governorship. He was out of the commission's office for a time due to charges of law enforcement and marital improprieties, though he was re-elected to the position again in the latter half of the 1950s and early '60s.Racist IdeologiesA Southern Democrat who was a staunch proponent of racist social policies, Eugene Connor also became a recurring national convention delegate. He was part of the faction who walked out of the 1948 convention in protest of civil rights platforms, with Connor thus becoming part of the Dixiecrat movement. Because of the vitriol of much of his public comments and resulting violence of his decrees, Connor became a known foe in the civil rights movement. He refused to provide police protection for the Freedom Riders in 1961 upon word that they would be besieged upon their arrival in Birmingham. Connor had also received entreaties from the community and human rights groups for an end to the racially motivated bombings in Birmingham, with cases unsolved. And there are allegations that he was part of a plan to murder one of the movement's most prominent leaders, minister Fred Shuttlesworth.Orders AttacksThough his constituency had voted for him many times, Connor's stance earned major public backlash. Moves were made to oust him from office by changing the structure of city government, which was successfully done in 1962. But Connor countersued and thus continued to hold power. As a result, during the 1963 spring campaign to end segregation in the city, hundreds of student protesters were jailed. Connor eventually ordered authorities to besiege peaceful protesters, many of whom were quite young, with water hoses and attack dogs. Images of this were broadcast around the world and became history, thus accelerating integration in the city and galvanizing the likes of President John F. Kennedy, helping to set into motion the creation of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote about these experiences in his work Why We Can't Wait (1964), which includes his \"Letter From Birmingham Jail.\" Writer Diane McWhorter also covered the period in her book Carry Me Home (2001).Death Heading toward the end of May, Connor was forced out of office by the state supreme court, though he was soon elected to the public service commission, winning a second term as well. He died in Birmingham on March 10, 1973, after suffering a stroke.QUICK FACTSName: Eugene ConnorBirth Year: 1897Birth date: July 11, 1897Birth State: AlabamaBirth City: SelmaBirth Country: United StatesGender: MaleBest Known For: Eugene \"Bull\" Connor was the Birmingham public safety commissioner whose ideologies and orders were in direct opposition to the civil rights movement.IndustriesU.S. PoliticsRadioAstrological Sign: CancerDeath Year: 1973Death date: March 10, 1973Death State: AlabamaDeath City: BirminghamDeath Country: United StatesFact CheckWe strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us!CITATION INFORMATIONArticle Title: Eugene \"Bull\" Connor BiographyAuthor: Biography.com EditorsWebsite Name: The Biography.com websiteUrl: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/eugene-bull-connorAccess Date: Publisher: AE; Television NetworksLast Updated: March 29, 2021Original Published Date: April 3, 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a{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:0.9375rem 1.2rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-15eyev a::after{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#D4D4D4;content:"|";display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;left:1rem;position:relative;}.css-15eyev nav:last-child>a:after{display:none;}.css-15eyev a:hover{color:#737373;}.css-1cjybzt{padding:0.9375rem 0;min-width:45.5rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;display:none;background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-1cjybzt{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1cjybzt{min-height:121px;}}@media(min-width: 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0;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-wqr2x7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-wqr2x7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-wqr2x7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-wqr2x7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}.css-zxq36b{display:inline;}.css-zxq36b+li:before{padding:0.25rem;content:">";}.css-100k4td{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-100k4td:hover{color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;}.css-10e6ywj{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s 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itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="css-wqr2x7 e3morl62"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-zxq36b e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/political-figures" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Famous Political Figures" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures" class="e3morl60 css-10e6ywj e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Famous Political Figures</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-huh8md e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/political-figures/eugene-bull-connor" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Eugene "Bull" Connor" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/eugene-bull-connor" class="e3morl60 css-10e6ywj e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Eugene "Bull" Connor</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"/></li></ol></nav><h1 class="css-1ntrs91 e1f1sunr8"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span>Eugene "Bull" Connor<span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h1><div class="css-1jkvsvg e1f1sunr6">Eugene "Bull" Connor was the Birmingham public safety commissioner whose ideologies and orders were in direct opposition to the civil rights movement.</div><div class="css-dqgtjs e1f1sunr5"><address class="css-rshh1 e1v8cotw2"><time class="css-1mqcmvu e1f1sunr4">Updated: Mar 29, 2021 4:51 PM EDT</time></address></div><div class="no-print css-17mvcka e1f1sunr11"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-header-actions css-18jz25a e1f1sunr10"></div></div></div></div></section></header><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-k008qs et2g3wt0"><div class="standard-container content-container article-container css-1q1kaac et2g3wt3"><div class="content-lead css-1f8o566 et2g3wt5"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-lead-image css-sm2oir e17huqc62"><div class="css-96439d e17huqc61"><section data-lazy-id="P0-7"><div class="css-p7qblm e1mlxuuw0"><picture class="css-1oxikel e1i0vlu30"><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-515350174-sqaure.jpg?resize=1200:*" media="(min-width: 73.75rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-515350174-sqaure.jpg?resize=1024:*" media="(min-width: 64rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-515350174-sqaure.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:*" media="(min-width: 48rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-515350174-sqaure.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" media="(max-width: 48rem)"/><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-515350174-sqaure.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" alt="Eugene Bull Connor" title="Eugene Bull Connor" width="1872" height="1872" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" sizes="100vw"/></picture><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="//pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.biography.com/political-figures/eugene-bull-connor&description=&media=https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-515350174-sqaure.jpg?resize=1600:*" class="pinterest css-on9hn5 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/pinterest.e8cf655.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="pinterest" class="css-4lml0h e1mlxuuw1"/></a></div></section></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-8"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image" class="css-wgijip e1g9hcy40"><span data-theme-key="photo-credit-creditor" class="css-qgag6n e1geg53v2">Photo: Bettmann/Contributor</span></figcaption></section></div></div><div data-journey-body="standard-article" class="article-body-content article-body standard-body-content css-j4k1z9 et2g3wt6"><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="0" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">(1897-1973)</p><h2 data-node-id="1" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Who Was Eugene "Bull" Connor?</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="2" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Eugene "Bull" Connor was a radio sportscaster before entering state politics and became Birmingham's public safety commissioner in 1937. With the growing <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="civil rights movement" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">civil rights movement</a> of the 1950s and '60s, Connor maintained racist policies that came to a fruition with the jailing and televised water-hosing of peaceful protesters. He died in Birmingham on March 10, 1973.</p><h2 data-node-id="3" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Background</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="4" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Theophilus Eugene Connor was born on July 11, 1897, in Selma, Alabama. His mother died when he was a child, with reports that he lived with relatives or traveled extensively across the United States with his father, Hugh, who worked as a railroad dispatcher and telegrapher. The young Connor never finished high school, though he did learn his father's trade. He later received the moniker "Bull" from friends inspired by the cartoon character B.U.L. Conner.</p><section data-embed="watch-next" data-lazy-id="P0-9" data-node-id="5" class="embed"></section><h2 data-node-id="6" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Becomes Commissioner</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="7" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Connor wed Beara Levin in 1920, with the two going on to have a daughter and move to the city of Birmingham. Connor worked a number of jobs and then gained prominence as a radio sports personality. He eventually turned to politics, serving on the Alabama state legislature in the mid-1930s. In 1937, he became the city's public safety commissioner, winning multiple reelections to the position throughout the 1940s and then running unsuccessfully for the governorship.</p> <p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="9" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">He was out of the commission's office for a time due to charges of law enforcement and marital improprieties, though he was re-elected to the position again in the latter half of the 1950s and early '60s.</p><h2 data-node-id="10" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Racist Ideologies</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="11" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">A Southern Democrat who was a staunch proponent of racist social policies, Eugene Connor also became a recurring national convention delegate. He was part of the faction who walked out of the 1948 convention in protest of civil rights platforms, with Connor thus becoming part of the Dixiecrat movement.</p> <p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="13" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Because of the vitriol of much of his public comments and resulting violence of his decrees, Connor became a known foe in the civil rights movement. He refused to provide police protection for the <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Freedom Riders" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Freedom Riders</a> in 1961 upon word that they would be besieged upon their arrival in Birmingham. Connor had also received entreaties from the community and human rights groups for an end to the racially motivated bombings in Birmingham, with cases unsolved. And there are allegations that he was part of a plan to murder one of the movement's most prominent leaders, minister <a href="https://www.biography.com/activists/fred-shuttlesworth" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/activists/fred-shuttlesworth" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Fred Shuttlesworth" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Fred Shuttlesworth</a>.</p><h2 data-node-id="14" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Orders Attacks</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="15" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Though his constituency had voted for him many times, Connor's stance earned major public backlash. Moves were made to oust him from office by changing the structure of city government, which was successfully done in 1962. But Connor countersued and thus continued to hold power.</p> <p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="17" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">As a result, during the 1963 spring campaign to end segregation in the city, hundreds of student protesters were jailed. Connor eventually ordered authorities to besiege peaceful protesters, many of whom were quite young, with water hoses and attack dogs. Images of this were broadcast around the world and became history, thus accelerating integration in the city and galvanizing the likes of President <a href="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/john-f-kennedy" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/john-f-kennedy" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="John F. Kennedy" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">John F. Kennedy</a>, helping to set into motion the creation of the 1964 <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Civil Rights Act" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Civil Rights Act</a>.</p> <p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="19" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote about these experiences in his work <em>Why We Can't Wait</em> (1964), which includes his "Letter From Birmingham Jail." Writer Diane McWhorter also covered the period in her book <em>Carry Me Home</em> (2001).</p><h2 data-node-id="20" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Death</h2> <p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="22" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Heading toward the end of May, Connor was forced out of office by the state supreme court, though he was soon elected to the public service commission, winning a second term as well. He died in Birmingham on March 10, 1973, after suffering a stroke.</p><h2 data-node-id="23" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60"></h2><hr data-node-id="24" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><h1 data-node-id="25">QUICK FACTS</h1><ul data-node-id="26" class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Name: Eugene Connor</li><li>Birth Year: 1897</li><li>Birth date: July 11, 1897</li><li>Birth State: Alabama</li><li>Birth City: Selma</li><li>Birth Country: United States</li><li>Gender: Male</li><li>Best Known For: Eugene "Bull" Connor was the Birmingham public safety commissioner whose ideologies and orders were in direct opposition to the civil rights movement.</li><li>Industries</li><ul class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>U.S. Politics</li><li>Radio</li></ul><li>Astrological Sign: Cancer</li><li>Death Year: 1973</li><li>Death date: March 10, 1973</li><li>Death State: Alabama</li><li>Death City: Birmingham</li><li>Death Country: United States</li></ul><h1 data-node-id="27">Fact Check</h1><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="28" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,<a href="https://www.biography.com/contact-us" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/contact-us" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="contact us" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">contact us</a>!</p><br data-node-id="29"/><h1 data-node-id="30">CITATION INFORMATION</h1><ul data-node-id="31" class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Article Title: Eugene "Bull" Connor Biography</li><li>Author: Biography.com Editors</li><li>Website Name: The Biography.com website</li><li>Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/eugene-bull-connor</li><li>Access Date: </li><li>Publisher: A&E; Television Networks</li><li>Last Updated: March 29, 2021</li><li>Original Published Date: April 3, 2014</li></ul><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-10" data-node-id="32" class="embed"></section><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-11" data-node-id="33" class="embed"></section><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-12" data-node-id="34" class="embed"></section><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-13" data-node-id="35" class="embed"></section><p data-node-id="36" class="css-auya5i emevuu60"></p></div></div></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-14"><div data-embed="watch-next" class="css-es6uyf e1a8voem5"><div data-journey-blur="partial" class="css-14vh9p e1a8voem4"><div class="css-1sowyjy e1a8voem3"><span class="css-qw6zr7 e1a8voem2"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-0 e1a8voem1">Watch Next</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-1tjquj5 eagam8p1"></span></span><span class="css-1lj71o0 e1a8voem0">聽</span></div><div class="__resp-container css-1ui7hop e6inl0f0"><div data-position="13" data-dock="false" data-disable-ads="false" data-muted="true" data-sticky="true" data-mobile-controls-on-desktop="false" class="video-player css-guxj2g e1hzgkwu0"><div class="video-player-wrapper"><video playsinline></video></div><div class="css-1d3dqod e7hrar04"><button data-theme-key="video-play-icon-button" aria-label="Play Video" class="css-19szzr8 e7hrar00"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="24" width="24" alt="Play Icon" role="img" title="Play" class="css-ovd4yx e7hrar01"/></button><img alt="preview for Biography Political Figures" title="Video player poster image" loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1000" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=1200:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=1200:*" class="e7hrar03 css-g939jb e1g79fud0"/></div></div></div></div></div></section><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-izijhn e1spmc110"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-vxyhdl e1caqep90">Advertisement - 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