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array</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sensor array"> <meta name="keywords" content="sensor array"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sensor array"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2144</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sensor array</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2144</span> An Automated Sensor System for Cochlear Implants Electrode Array Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Hou">Lei Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinli%20Du"> Xinli Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Boulgouris"> Nikolaos Boulgouris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cochlear implant, referred to as a CI, is a small electronic device that can provide direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. During cochlear implant surgery, atraumatic electrode array insertion is considered to be a crucial step. However, during implantation, the mechanical behaviour of an electrode array inside the cochlea is not known. The behaviour of an electrode array inside of the cochlea is hardly identified by regular methods. In this study, a CI electrode array capacitive sensor system is proposed. It is able to automatically determine the array state as a result of the capacitance variations. Instead of applying sensors to the electrode array, the capacitance information from the electrodes will be gathered and analysed. Results reveal that this sensing method is capable of recognising different states when fed into a pre-shaped model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implant" title="cochlear implant">cochlear implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20preservation" title=" hearing preservation"> hearing preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insertion%20force" title=" insertion force"> insertion force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20sensing" title=" capacitive sensing"> capacitive sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147/an-automated-sensor-system-for-cochlear-implants-electrode-array-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2143</span> Gan Nanowire-Based Sensor Array for the Detection of Cross-Sensitive Gases Using Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashfaque%20Hossain%20Khan">Ashfaque Hossain Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Thomson"> Brian Thomson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratan%20Debnath"> Ratan Debnath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Motayed"> Abhishek Motayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulpuri%20V.%20Rao"> Mulpuri V. Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though the efforts had been made, the problem of cross-sensitivity for a single metal oxide-based sensor can’t be fully eliminated. In this work, a sensor array has been designed and fabricated comprising of platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag) decorated TiO2 and ZnO functionalized GaN nanowires using industry-standard top-down fabrication approach. The metal/metal-oxide combinations within the array have been determined from prior molecular simulation study using first principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The gas responses were obtained for both single and mixture of NO2, SO2, ethanol, and H2 in the presence of H2O and O2 gases under UV light at room temperature. Each gas leaves a unique response footprint across the array sensors by which precise discrimination of cross-sensitive gases has been achieved. An unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) technique has been implemented on the array response. Results indicate that each gas forms a distinct cluster in the score plot for all the target gases and their mixtures, indicating a clear separation among them. In addition, the developed array device consumes very low power because of ultra-violet (UV) assisted sensing as compared to commercially available metal-oxide sensors. The nanowire sensor array, in combination with PCA, is a potential approach for precise real-time gas monitoring applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-sensitivity" title="cross-sensitivity">cross-sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20component%20analysis%20%28PCA%29" title=" principle component analysis (PCA)"> principle component analysis (PCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20array" title=" sensor array"> sensor array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118468/gan-nanowire-based-sensor-array-for-the-detection-of-cross-sensitive-gases-using-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2142</span> Integrated Flavor Sensor Using Microbead Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziba%20Omidi">Ziba Omidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Ki%20Kim"> Min-Ki Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research presents the design, fabrication and application of a flavor sensor for an integrated electronic tongue and electronic nose that can allow rapid characterization of multi-component mixtures in a solution. The odor gas and liquid are separated using hydrophobic porous membrane in micro fluidic channel. The sensor uses an array composed of microbeads in micromachined cavities localized on silicon wafer. Sensing occurs via colorimetric and fluorescence changes to receptors and indicator molecules that are attached to termination sites on the polymeric microbeads. As a result, the sensor array system enables simultaneous and near-real-time analyses using small samples and reagent volumes with the capacity to incorporate significant redundancies. One of the key parts of the system is a passive pump driven only by capillary force. The hydrophilic surface of the fluidic structure draws the sample into the sensor array without any moving mechanical parts. Since there is no moving mechanical component in the structure, the size of the fluidic structure can be compact and the fabrication becomes simple when compared to the device including active microfluidic components. These factors should make the proposed system inexpensive to mass-produce, portable and compatible with biomedical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20sensor" title="optical sensor">optical sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20manufacturing" title=" semiconductor manufacturing"> semiconductor manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smell%20sensor" title=" smell sensor"> smell sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taste%20sensor" title=" taste sensor"> taste sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11443/integrated-flavor-sensor-using-microbead-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2141</span> Design of an Acoustic Imaging Sensor Array for Mobile Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dibyendu%20Roy">Dibyendu Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Ramu%20Reddy"> V. Ramu Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parijat%20Deshpande"> Parijat Deshpande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjan%20Dasgupta"> Ranjan Dasgupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Imaging of underwater objects is primarily conducted by acoustic imagery due to the severe attenuation of electro-magnetic waves in water. Acoustic imagery underwater has varied range of significant applications such as side-scan sonar, mine hunting sonar. It also finds utility in other domains such as imaging of body tissues via ultrasonography and non-destructive testing of objects. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using active acoustic imagery in air and simulate phased array beamforming techniques available in literature for various array designs to achieve a suitable acoustic sensor array design for a portable mobile robot which can be applied to detect the presence/absence of anomalous objects in a room. The multi-path reflection effects especially in enclosed rooms and environmental noise factors are currently not simulated and will be dealt with during the experimental phase. The related hardware is designed with the same feasibility criterion that the developed system needs to be deployed on a portable mobile robot. There is a trade of between image resolution and range with the array size, number of elements and the imaging frequency and has to be iteratively simulated to achieve the desired acoustic sensor array design. The designed acoustic imaging array system is to be mounted on a portable mobile robot and targeted for use in surveillance missions for intruder alerts and imaging objects during dark and smoky scenarios where conventional optic based systems do not function well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20sensor%20array" title="acoustic sensor array">acoustic sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20imagery" title=" acoustic imagery"> acoustic imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomaly%20detection" title=" anomaly detection"> anomaly detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased%20array%20beamforming" title=" phased array beamforming"> phased array beamforming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43887/design-of-an-acoustic-imaging-sensor-array-for-mobile-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2140</span> Noninvasive Disease Diagnosis through Breath Analysis Using DNA-functionalized SWNT Sensor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20Zhang">W. J. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Q.%20Du"> Y. Q. Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Wang"> M. L. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Noninvasive diagnostics of diseases via breath analysis has attracted considerable scientific and clinical interest for many years and become more and more promising with the rapid advancement in nanotechnology and biotechnology. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, which are mainly blood borne, particularly provide highly valuable information about individuals’ physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, breath analysis is noninvasive, real-time, painless and agreeable to patients. We have developed a wireless sensor array based on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) for the detection of a number of physiological indicators in breath. Eight DNA sequences were used to functionalize SWNT sensors to detect trace amount of methanol, benzene, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, acetone and ethanol, which are indicators of heavy smoking, excessive drinking, and diseases such as lung cancer, breast cancer, cirrhosis and diabetes. Our tests indicated that DNA functionalized SWNT sensors exhibit great selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, different molecules can be distinguished through pattern recognition enabled by this sensor array. Thus, the DNA-SWNT sensor array has great potential to be applied in chemical or bimolecular detection for the noninvasive diagnostics of diseases and health monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breath%20analysis" title="breath analysis">breath analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA-SWNT%20sensor%20array" title=" DNA-SWNT sensor array"> DNA-SWNT sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noninvasive" title=" noninvasive"> noninvasive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36968/noninvasive-disease-diagnosis-through-breath-analysis-using-dna-functionalized-swnt-sensor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2139</span> Fabrication of InGaAs P-I-N Micro-Photodiode Sensor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyun-Hao%20Liao">Jyun-Hao Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Ju%20Chen"> Chien-Ju Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Jui%20Yu"> Chia-Jui Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Chyi%20Wu"> Meng Chyi Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ching%20Wu"> Chia-Ching Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this letter, we reported the fabrication of InGaAs micro-photodiode sensor array with the rapid thermal diffusion (RTD) technique. The spin-on dopant source Zn was used to form the p-type region in InP layer. Through the RTD technique, the InP/InGaAs heterostructure was formed. We improved our fabrication on the p-i-n photodiode to micro size which pixel is 7.8um, and the pitch is 12.8um. The proper SiNx was deposited to form the passivation layer. The leakage current of single pixel decrease to 3.3pA at -5V, and 35fA at -10mV. The leakage current densities of each voltage are 21uA/cm² at -5V and 0.223uA/cm² at -10mV. As we focus on the wavelength from 0.9um to 1.7um, the optimized Si/Al₂O₃ bilayers are deposited to form the AR-coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InGaAs" title="InGaAs">InGaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20sensor%20array" title=" micro sensor array"> micro sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-i-n%20photodiode" title=" p-i-n photodiode"> p-i-n photodiode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20thermal%20diffusion" title=" rapid thermal diffusion"> rapid thermal diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zn%20diffusion" title=" Zn diffusion"> Zn diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73769/fabrication-of-ingaas-p-i-n-micro-photodiode-sensor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2138</span> A Study of Structural Damage Detection for Spacecraft In-Orbit Based on Acoustic Sensor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Qi">Lei Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongxin%20Yan"> Rongxin Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lichen%20Sun"> Lichen Sun </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing of human space activities, the number of space debris has increased dramatically, and the possibility that spacecrafts on orbit are impacted by space debris is growing. A method is of the vital significance to real-time detect and assess spacecraft damage, determine of gas leak accurately, guarantee the life safety of the astronaut effectively. In this paper, acoustic sensor array is used to detect the acoustic signal which emits from the damage of the spacecraft on orbit. Then, we apply the time difference of arrival and beam forming algorithm to locate the damage and leakage. Finally, the extent of the spacecraft damage is evaluated according to the nonlinear ultrasonic method. The result shows that this method can detect the debris impact and the structural damage, locate the damage position, and identify the damage degree effectively. This method can meet the needs of structural damage detection for the spacecraft in-orbit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20sensor%20array" title="acoustic sensor array">acoustic sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacecraft" title=" spacecraft"> spacecraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20assessment" title=" damage assessment"> damage assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20location" title=" leakage location"> leakage location</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68599/a-study-of-structural-damage-detection-for-spacecraft-in-orbit-based-on-acoustic-sensor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2137</span> Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors: Based Force Sensor Array for Occlusal Force Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Che%20Chen">Sheng-Che Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keng-Ren%20Lin"> Keng-Ren Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che-Hsin%20Lin"> Che-Hsin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao-Yuan%20Tseng"> Hao-Yuan Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Han%20Chang"> Chih-Han Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teeth play an important role in providing the essential nutrients. The force loading of chewing on the crow is important condition to evaluate long-term success of many dental treatments. However, the quantification of the force regarding forces are distributed over the dental crow is still not well recognized. This study presents an industrial-grade piezoelectric-based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) force sensor for measuring the distribution of the force distribute over the first molar. The developed sensor array is based on a flexible polyimide electrode and barium titanate-based MLCCs. MLCCs are commonly used in the electronic industry and it is a typical electric component composed of BaTiO₃, which is used as a capacitive material. The most important is that it also can be used as a force-sensing component by its piezoelectric property. In this study, to increase the sensitivity as well as to reduce the variation of different MLCCs, a treatment process is utilized. The MLCC force sensors are able to measure large forces (above 500 N), making them suitable for measuring the bite forces on the tooth crown. Moreover, the sensors also show good force response and good repeatability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20sensor%20array" title="force sensor array">force sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20ceramic%20capacitors" title=" multilayer ceramic capacitors"> multilayer ceramic capacitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occlusal%20force" title=" occlusal force"> occlusal force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45572/multilayer-ceramic-capacitors-based-force-sensor-array-for-occlusal-force-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2136</span> Discrimination of Bio-Analytes by Using Two-Dimensional Nano Sensor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Behera">P. Behera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20Singh"> K. K. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Saini"> D. K. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20De"> M. De</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Implementation of 2D materials in the detection of bio analytes is highly advantageous in the field of sensing because of its high surface to volume ratio. We have designed our sensor array with different cationic two-dimensional MoS₂, where surface modification was achieved by cationic thiol ligands with different functionality. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was chosen as signal transducers for its biocompatibility and anionic nature, which can bind to the cationic MoS₂ surface easily, followed by fluorescence quenching. The addition of bio-analyte to the sensor can decomplex the cationic MoS₂ and GFP conjugates, followed by the regeneration of GFP fluorescence. The fluorescence response pattern belongs to various analytes collected and transformed to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for classification. At first, 15 different proteins having wide range of molecular weight and isoelectric points were successfully discriminated at 50 nM with detection limit of 1 nM. The sensor system was also executed in biofluids such as serum, where 10 different proteins at 2.5 μM were well separated. After successful discrimination of protein analytes, the sensor array was implemented for bacteria sensing. Six different bacteria were successfully classified at OD = 0.05 with a detection limit corresponding to OD = 0.005. The optimized sensor array was able to classify uropathogens from non-uropathogens in urine medium. Further, the technique was applied for discrimination of bacteria possessing resistance to different types and amounts of drugs. We found out the mechanism of sensing through optical and electrodynamic studies, which indicates the interaction between bacteria with the sensor system was mainly due to electrostatic force of interactions, but the separation of native bacteria from their drug resistant variant was due to Van der Waals forces. There are two ways bacteria can be detected, i.e., through bacterial cells and lysates. The bacterial lysates contain intracellular information and also safe to analysis as it does not contain live cells. Lysates of different drug resistant bacteria were patterned effectively from the native strain. From unknown sample analysis, we found that discrimination of bacterial cells is more sensitive than that of lysates. But the analyst can prefer bacterial lysates over live cells for safer analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array-based%20sensing" title="array-based sensing">array-based sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20resistant%20bacteria" title=" drug resistant bacteria"> drug resistant bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20discriminant%20analysis" title=" linear discriminant analysis"> linear discriminant analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-dimensional%20MoS%E2%82%82" title=" two-dimensional MoS₂"> two-dimensional MoS₂</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133539/discrimination-of-bio-analytes-by-using-two-dimensional-nano-sensor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2135</span> Faulty Sensors Detection in Planar Array Antenna Using Pelican Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafqat%20Ullah%20Khan">Shafqat Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Nasir"> Ammar Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using planar antenna array (PAA) in radars, Broadcasting, satellite antennas, and sonar for the detection of targets, Helps provide instant beam pattern control. High flexibility and Adaptability are achieved by multiple beam steering by using a Planar array and are particularly needed in real-life Sanrio’s where the need arises for several high-directivity beams. Faulty sensors in planar arrays generate asymmetry, which leads to service degradation, radiation pattern distortion, and increased levels of sidelobe. The POA, a nature-inspired optimization algorithm, accurately determines faulty sensors within an array, enhancing the reliability and performance of planar array antennas through extensive simulations and experiments. The analysis was done for different types of faults in 7 x 7 and 8 x 8 planar arrays in MATLAB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Planar%20antenna%20array" title="Planar antenna array">Planar antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pelican%20optimisation%20Algorithm" title=" Pelican optimisation Algorithm"> Pelican optimisation Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faculty%20sensor" title=" Faculty sensor"> Faculty sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antenna%20arrays" title=" Antenna arrays"> Antenna arrays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186381/faulty-sensors-detection-in-planar-array-antenna-using-pelican-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2134</span> Embedded Hw-Sw Reconfigurable Techniques For Wireless Sensor Network Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kirubakaran">B. Kirubakaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Rajasekaran"> C. Rajasekaran </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reconfigurable techniques are used in many engineering and industrial applications for the efficient data transmissions through the wireless sensor networks. Nowadays most of the industrial applications are work for try to minimize the size and cost. During runtime the reconfigurable technique avoid the unwanted hang and delay in the system performance. In recent world Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as one of the most efficient reconfigurable device and widely used for most of the hardware and software reconfiguration applications. In this paper, the work deals with whatever going to make changes in the hardware and software during runtime it’s should not affect the current running process that’s the main objective of the paper our changes be done in a parallel manner at the same time concentrating the cost and power transmission problems during data trans-receiving. Analog sensor (Temperature) as an input for the controller (PIC) through that control the FPGA digital sensors in generalized manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20programmable%20gate%20array" title="field programmable gate array">field programmable gate array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peripheral%20interrupt%20controller" title=" peripheral interrupt controller"> peripheral interrupt controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runtime%20reconfigurable%20techniques" title=" runtime reconfigurable techniques"> runtime reconfigurable techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5897/embedded-hw-sw-reconfigurable-techniques-for-wireless-sensor-network-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2133</span> A High-Resolution Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Magnetic Photonic Crystal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-An%20Tsai">Ti-An Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Chih%20Wang"> Chun-Chih Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Wen%20Wang"> Hung-Wen Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-Ling%20Chang"> I-Ling Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lien-Wen%20Chen"> Lien-Wen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we demonstrate a high-resolution refractive index sensor based on a magnetic photonic crystal (MPC) composed of a triangular lattice array of air holes embedded in Si matrix. A microcavity is created by changing the radius of an air hole in the middle of the photonic crystal. The cavity filled with gyrotropic materials can serve as a refractive index sensor. The shift of the resonant frequency of the sensor is obtained numerically using finite difference time domain method under different ambient conditions having refractive index from n = 1.0 to n = 1.1. The numerical results show that a tiny change in refractive index of Δn = 0.0001 is distinguishable. In addition, the spectral response of the MPC sensor is studied while an external magnetic field is present. The results show that the MPC sensor exhibits a dramatic improvement in resolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20photonic%20crystal" title="magnetic photonic crystal">magnetic photonic crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractive%20index%20sensor" title=" refractive index sensor"> refractive index sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-resolution" title=" high-resolution"> high-resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26102/a-high-resolution-refractive-index-sensor-based-on-a-magnetic-photonic-crystal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">591</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2132</span> Breast Cancer Sensing and Imaging Utilized Printed Ultra Wide Band Spherical Sensor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elyas%20Palantei">Elyas Palantei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewiani"> Dewiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Armin"> Farid Armin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardiansyah"> Ardiansyah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High precision of printed microwave sensor utilized for sensing and monitoring the potential breast cancer existed in women breast tissue was optimally computed. The single element of UWB printed sensor that successfully modeled through several numerical optimizations was multiple fabricated and incorporated with woman bra to form the spherical sensors array. One sample of UWB microwave sensor obtained through the numerical computation and optimization was chosen to be fabricated. In overall, the spherical sensors array consists of twelve stair patch structures, and each element was individually measured to characterize its electrical properties, especially the return loss parameter. The comparison of S11 profiles of all UWB sensor elements is discussed. The constructed UWB sensor is well verified using HFSS programming, CST programming, and experimental measurement. Numerically, both HFSS and CST confirmed the potential operation bandwidth of UWB sensor is more or less 4.5 GHz. However, the measured bandwidth provided is about 1.2 GHz due to the technical difficulties existed during the manufacturing step. The configuration of UWB microwave sensing and monitoring system implemented consists of 12 element UWB printed sensors, vector network analyzer (VNA) to perform as the transceiver and signal processing part, the PC Desktop/Laptop acting as the image processing and displaying unit. In practice, all the reflected power collected from whole surface of artificial breast model are grouped into several numbers of pixel color classes positioned on the corresponding row and column (pixel number). The total number of power pixels applied in 2D-imaging process was specified to 100 pixels (or the power distribution pixels dimension 10x10). This was determined by considering the total area of breast phantom of average Asian women breast size and synchronizing with the single UWB sensor physical dimension. The interesting microwave imaging results were plotted and together with some technical problems arisen on developing the breast sensing and monitoring system are examined in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB%20sensor" title="UWB sensor">UWB sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB%20microwave%20imaging" title=" UWB microwave imaging"> UWB microwave imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20array" title=" spherical array"> spherical array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer%20monitoring" title=" breast cancer monitoring"> breast cancer monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D-medical%20imaging" title=" 2D-medical imaging"> 2D-medical imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77750/breast-cancer-sensing-and-imaging-utilized-printed-ultra-wide-band-spherical-sensor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2131</span> Terahertz Glucose Sensors Based on Photonic Crystal Pillar Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Sree%20Sanker">S. S. Sree Sanker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20N.%20Madhusoodanan"> K. N. Madhusoodanan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical biosensors are dominant alternative for traditional analytical methods, because of their small size, simple design and high sensitivity. Photonic sensing method is one of the recent advancing technology for biosensors. It measures the change in refractive index which is induced by the difference in molecular interactions due to the change in concentration of the analyte. Glucose is an aldosic monosaccharide, which is a metabolic source in many of the organisms. The terahertz waves occupies the space between infrared and microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum. Terahertz waves are expected to be applied to various types of sensors for detecting harmful substances in blood, cancer cells in skin and micro bacteria in vegetables. We have designed glucose sensors using silicon based 1D and 2D photonic crystal pillar arrays in terahertz frequency range. 1D photonic crystal has rectangular pillars with height 100 µm, length 1600 µm and width 50 µm. The array period of the crystal is 500 µm. 2D photonic crystal has 5×5 cylindrical pillar array with an array period of 75 µm. Height and diameter of the pillar array are 160 µm and 100 µm respectively. Two samples considered in the work are blood and glucose solution, which are labelled as sample 1 and sample 2 respectively. The proposed sensor detects the concentration of glucose in the samples from 0 to 100 mg/dL. For this, the crystal was irradiated with 0.3 to 3 THz waves. By analyzing the obtained S parameter, the refractive index of the crystal corresponding to the particular concentration of glucose was measured using the parameter retrieval method. Refractive indices of the two crystals decreased gradually with the increase in concentration of glucose in the sample. For 1D photonic crystals, a gradual decrease in refractive index was observed at 1 THz. 2D photonic crystal showed this behavior at 2 THz. The proposed sensor was simulated using CST Microwave studio. This will enable us to develop a model which can be used to characterize a glucose sensor. The present study is expected to contribute to blood glucose monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CST%20microwave%20studio" title="CST microwave studio">CST microwave studio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20sensor" title=" glucose sensor"> glucose sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal" title=" photonic crystal"> photonic crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terahertz%20waves" title=" terahertz waves"> terahertz waves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82728/terahertz-glucose-sensors-based-on-photonic-crystal-pillar-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2130</span> The Design, Development, and Optimization of a Capacitive Pressure Sensor Utilizing an Existing 9DOF Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Randles">Andrew Randles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilker%20Ocak"> Ilker Ocak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheam%20Daw%20Don"> Cheam Daw Don</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navab%20Singh"> Navab Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Gu"> Alex Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nine Degrees of Freedom (9 DOF) systems are already in development in many areas. In this paper, an integrated pressure sensor is proposed that will make use of an already existing monolithic 9 DOF inertial MEMS platform. Capacitive pressure sensors can suffer from limited sensitivity for a given size of membrane. This novel pressure sensor design increases the sensitivity by over 5 times compared to a traditional array of square diaphragms while still fitting within a 2 mm x 2 mm chip and maintaining a fixed static capacitance. The improved design uses one large diaphragm supported by pillars with fixed electrodes placed above the areas of maximum deflection. The design optimization increases the sensitivity from 0.22 fF/kPa to 1.16 fF/kPa. Temperature sensitivity was also examined through simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20pressure%20sensor" title="capacitive pressure sensor">capacitive pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=9%20DOF" title=" 9 DOF"> 9 DOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=10%20DOF" title=" 10 DOF"> 10 DOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive" title=" capacitive"> capacitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20measurement%20unit" title=" inertial measurement unit"> inertial measurement unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMU" title=" IMU"> IMU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20navigation%20system" title=" inertial navigation system"> inertial navigation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=INS" title=" INS"> INS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32117/the-design-development-and-optimization-of-a-capacitive-pressure-sensor-utilizing-an-existing-9dof-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2129</span> The Design of Broadband 8x2 Phased Array 5G Antenna MIMO 28 GHz for Base Station</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saiful%20Fadhil%20Reyhan">Muhammad Saiful Fadhil Reyhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusnita%20Rahayu"> Yusnita Rahayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadhel%20Muhammadsyah"> Fadhel Muhammadsyah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed a design of 16 elements, 8x2 linear fed patch antenna array with 16 ports, for 28 GHz, mm-wave band 5G for base station. The phased array covers along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in omnidirectional. The proposed antenna is designed RT Duroid 5880 substrate with the overall size of 85x35.6x0.787 mm<sup>3</sup>. The array is operating from 27.43 GHz to 28.34 GHz with a 910 MHz impedance bandwidth. The gain of the array is 18.3 dB, while the suppression of the side lobes is -1.0 dB. The main lobe direction of the array is 15 deg. The array shows a high array gain throughout the impedance bandwidth with overall of VSWR is below 1.12. The design will be proposed in single element and 16 elements antenna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G%20antenna" title="5G antenna">5G antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=28%20GHz" title=" 28 GHz"> 28 GHz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omnidirectional" title=" omnidirectional"> omnidirectional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased%20array" title=" phased array"> phased array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station" title=" base station"> base station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadband" title=" broadband"> broadband</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85986/the-design-of-broadband-8x2-phased-array-5g-antenna-mimo-28-ghz-for-base-station" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2128</span> A Wireless Sensor Network Protocol for a Car Parking Space Monitoring System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gon%20Yoon"> Myung-Gon Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a wireless sensor network protocol for a car parking monitoring system. A wireless sensor network for the purpose is composed of multiple sensor nodes, a sink node, a gateway, and a server. Each of the sensor nodes is equipped with a 3-axis AMR sensor and deployed in the center of a parking space. The sensor node reads its sensor values periodically and transmits the data to the sink node if the current and immediate past sensor values show a difference exceeding a threshold value. The operations of the sink and sensor nodes are described in detail along with flow diagrams. The protocol allows a low-duty cycle operation of the sensor nodes and a flexible adjustment of the threshold value used by the sensor nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20parking%20monitoring" title="car parking monitoring">car parking monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20node" title=" sensor node"> sensor node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title=" wireless sensor network"> wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20protocol" title=" network protocol"> network protocol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11153/a-wireless-sensor-network-protocol-for-a-car-parking-space-monitoring-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2127</span> Photovoltaic Array Cleaning System Design and Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghoname%20Abdullah">Ghoname Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidekazu%20Nishimura"> Hidekazu Nishimura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dust accumulation on the photovoltaic module's surface results in appreciable loss and negatively affects the generated power. Hence, in this paper, the design of a photovoltaic array cleaning system is presented. The cleaning system utilizes one drive motor, two guide rails, and four sweepers during the cleaning process. The cleaning system was experimentally implemented for one month to investigate its efficiency on PV array energy output. The energy capture over a month for PV array cleaned using the proposed cleaning system is compared with that of the energy capture using soiled PV array. The results show a 15% increase in energy generation from PV array with cleaning. From the results, investigating the optimal scheduling of the PV array cleaning could be an interesting research topic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleaning%20system" title="cleaning system">cleaning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20accumulation" title=" dust accumulation"> dust accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20array" title=" PV array"> PV array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20module" title=" PV module"> PV module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soiling" title=" soiling"> soiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136571/photovoltaic-array-cleaning-system-design-and-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2126</span> Fabrication of SnO₂ Nanotube Arrays for Enhanced Gas Sensing Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsyi-En%20Cheng">Hsyi-En Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Yi%20Liou"> Ying-Yi Liou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors are widely used in the gas-detection market due to their high sensitivity, fast response, and simple device structures. However, the high working temperature of MOS gas sensors makes them difficult to integrate with the appliance or consumer goods. One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures are considered to have the potential to lower their working temperature due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, confined electrical conduction channels, and small feature sizes. Unfortunately, the difficulty of fabricating 1-D nanostructure electrodes has hindered the development of low-temperature MOS gas sensors. In this work, we proposed a method to fabricate nanotube-arrays, and the SnO₂ nanotube-array sensors with different wall thickness were successfully prepared and examined. The fabrication of SnO₂ nanotube arrays incorporates the techniques of barrier-free anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SnO₂. First, 1.0 µm Al film was deposited on ITO glass substrate by electron beam evaporation and then anodically oxidized by five wt% phosphoric acid solution at 5°C under a constant voltage of 100 V to form porous aluminum oxide. As the Al film was fully oxidized, a 15 min over anodization and a 30 min post chemical dissolution were used to remove the barrier oxide at the bottom end of pores to generate a barrier-free AAO template. The ALD using reactants of TiCl4 and H₂O was followed to grow a thin layer of SnO₂ on the template to form SnO₂ nanotube arrays. After removing the surface layer of SnO₂ by H₂ plasma and dissolving the template by 5 wt% phosphoric acid solution at 50°C, upright standing SnO₂ nanotube arrays on ITO glass were produced. Finally, Ag top electrode with line width of 5 μm was printed on the nanotube arrays to form SnO₂ nanotube-array sensor. Two SnO₂ nanotube-arrays with wall thickness of 30 and 60 nm were produced in this experiment for the evaluation of gas sensing ability. The flat SnO₂ films with thickness of 30 and 60 nm were also examined for comparison. The results show that the properties of ALD SnO₂ films were related to the deposition temperature. The films grown at 350°C had a low electrical resistivity of 3.6×10-3 Ω-cm and were, therefore, used for the nanotube-array sensors. The carrier concentration and mobility of the SnO₂ films were characterized by Ecopia HMS-3000 Hall-effect measurement system and were 1.1×1020 cm-3 and 16 cm3/V-s, respectively. The electrical resistance of SnO₂ film and nanotube-array sensors in air and in a 5% H₂-95% N₂ mixture gas was monitored by Pico text M3510A 6 1/2 Digits Multimeter. It was found that, at 200 °C, the 30-nm-wall SnO₂ nanotube-array sensor performs the highest responsivity to 5% H₂, followed by the 30-nm SnO₂ film sensor, the 60-nm SnO₂ film sensor, and the 60-nm-wall SnO₂ nanotube-array sensor. However, at temperatures below 100°C, all the samples were insensitive to the 5% H₂ gas. Further investigation on the sensors with thinner SnO₂ is necessary for improving the sensing ability at temperatures below 100 °C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20layer%20deposition" title="atomic layer deposition">atomic layer deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotube%20arrays" title=" nanotube arrays"> nanotube arrays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tin%20dioxide" title=" tin dioxide"> tin dioxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60348/fabrication-of-sno2-nanotube-arrays-for-enhanced-gas-sensing-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2125</span> TiO₂ Nanotube Array Based Selective Vapor Sensors for Breath Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Hazra">Arnab Hazra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breath analysis is a quick, noninvasive and inexpensive technique for disease diagnosis can be used on people of all ages without any risk. Only a limited number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be associated with the occurrence of specific diseases. These VOCs can be considered as disease markers or breath markers. Selective detection with specific concentration of breath marker in exhaled human breath is required to detect a particular disease. For example, acetone (C₃H₆O), ethanol (C₂H₅OH), ethane (C₂H₆) etc. are the breath markers and abnormal concentrations of these VOCs in exhaled human breath indicates the diseases like diabetes mellitus, renal failure, breast cancer respectively. Nanomaterial-based vapor sensors are inexpensive, small and potential candidate for the detection of breath markers. In practical measurement, selectivity is the most crucial issue where trace detection of breath marker is needed to identify accurately in the presence of several interfering vapors and gases. Current article concerns a novel technique for selective and lower ppb level detection of breath markers at very low temperature based on TiO₂ nanotube array based vapor sensor devices. Highly ordered and oriented TiO₂ nanotube array was synthesized by electrochemical anodization of high purity tatinium (Ti) foil. 0.5 wt% NH₄F, ethylene glycol and 10 vol% H₂O was used as the electrolyte and anodization was carried out for 90 min with 40 V DC potential. Au/TiO₂ Nanotube/Ti, sandwich type sensor device was fabricated for the selective detection of VOCs in low concentration range. Initially, sensor was characterized where resistive and capacitive change of the sensor was recorded within the valid concentration range for individual breath markers (or organic vapors). Sensor resistance was decreased and sensor capacitance was increased with the increase of vapor concentration. Now, the ratio of resistive slope (mR) and capacitive slope (mC) provided a concentration independent constant term (M) for a particular vapor. For the detection of unknown vapor, ratio of resistive change and capacitive change at any concentration was same to the previously calculated constant term (M). After successful identification of the target vapor, concentration was calculated from the straight line behavior of resistance as a function of concentration. Current technique is suitable for the detection of particular vapor from a mixture of other interfering vapors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breath%20marker" title="breath marker">breath marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vapor%20sensors" title=" vapor sensors"> vapor sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20detection" title=" selective detection"> selective detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82%20nanotube%20array" title=" TiO₂ nanotube array"> TiO₂ nanotube array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82263/tio2-nanotube-array-based-selective-vapor-sensors-for-breath-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2124</span> Identification of Force Vector on an Elastic Solid Using an Embeded PVDF Senor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Youssef">Andrew Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20%20Matthews"> David Matthews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Pan"> Jie Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying the magnitude and direction of a force on an elastic solid is highly desirable, as this allows for investigation and continual monitoring of the dynamic loading. This was traditionally conducted by connecting the solid to the supporting structure by multi-axial force transducer, providing that the transducer will not change the mounting conditions. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film is a versatile force transducer that can be easily embedded in structures. Here a PVDF sensor array is embedded inside a simple structure in an effort to determine the force vector applied to the structure is an inverse problem. In this paper, forces of different magnitudes and directions where applied to the structure with an impact hammer, and the output of the PVDF was captured and processed to gain an estimate of the forces applied by the hammer. The outcome extends the scope of application of PVDF sensors for measuring the external or contact force vectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20sensor" title="embedded sensor">embedded sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDF" title=" PVDF"> PVDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration" title=" vibration"> vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77890/identification-of-force-vector-on-an-elastic-solid-using-an-embeded-pvdf-senor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2123</span> Evaluation of DNA Oxidation and Chemical DNA Damage Using Electrochemiluminescent Enzyme/DNA Microfluidic Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itti%20Bist">Itti Bist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snehasis%20Bhakta"> Snehasis Bhakta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Jiang"> Di Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tia%20E.%20Keyes"> Tia E. Keyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Martin"> Aaron Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20J.%20Forster"> Robert J. Forster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20F.%20Rusling"> James F. Rusling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DNA damage from metabolites of lipophilic drugs and pollutants, generated by enzymes, represents a major toxicity pathway in humans. These metabolites can react with DNA to form either 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which is the oxidative product of DNA or covalent DNA adducts, both of which are genotoxic and hence considered important biomarkers to detect cancer in humans. Therefore, detecting reactions of metabolites with DNA is an effective approach for the safety assessment of new chemicals and drugs. Here we describe a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor array which can detect DNA oxidation and chemical DNA damage in a single array, facilitating a more accurate diagnostic tool for genotoxicity screening. Layer-by-layer assembly of DNA and enzyme are assembled on the pyrolytic graphite array which is housed in a microfluidic device for sequential detection of two type of the DNA damages. Multiple enzyme reactions are run on test compounds using the array, generating toxic metabolites in situ. These metabolites react with DNA in the films to cause DNA oxidation and chemical DNA damage which are detected by ECL generating osmium compound and ruthenium polymer, respectively. The method is further validated by the formation of 8-oxodG and DNA adduct using similar films of DNA/enzyme on magnetic bead biocolloid reactors, hydrolyzing the DNA, and analyzing by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Hence, this combined DNA/enzyme array/LC-MS approach can efficiently explore metabolic genotoxic pathways for drugs and environmental chemicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemiluminescence" title=" electrochemiluminescence"> electrochemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20damage" title=" DNA damage"> DNA damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic%20array" title=" microfluidic array"> microfluidic array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65139/evaluation-of-dna-oxidation-and-chemical-dna-damage-using-electrochemiluminescent-enzymedna-microfluidic-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2122</span> Implementation of Sensor Fusion Structure of 9-Axis Sensors on the Multipoint Control Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Gil%20Ahn">Jun Gil Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Tae%20Kim"> Jong Tae Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the sensor fusion structure on the multipoint control unit (MCU). Sensor fusion using Kalman filter for 9-axis sensors is considered. The 9-axis inertial sensor is the combination of 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis magnetometer. We implement the sensor fusion structure among the sensor hubs in MCU and measure the execution time, power consumptions, and total energy. Experiments with real data from 9-axis sensor in 20Mhz show that the average power consumptions are 44mW and 48mW on Cortx-M0 and Cortex-M3 MCU, respectively. Execution times are 613.03 us and 305.6 us respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=9-axis%20sensor" title="9-axis sensor">9-axis sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCU" title=" MCU"> MCU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20fusion" title=" sensor fusion"> sensor fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84323/implementation-of-sensor-fusion-structure-of-9-axis-sensors-on-the-multipoint-control-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2121</span> A CMOS Capacitor Array for ESPAR with Fast Switching Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Sup%20Kim">Jin-Sup Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hwan%20Choi"> Se-Hwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Young%20Lee"> Jae-Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 8-bit CMOS capacitor array is designed for using in electrically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR). The proposed capacitor array shows the fast response time in rising and falling characteristics. Compared to other works in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) or silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technologies, it shows a comparable tuning range and switching time with low power consumption. Using the 0.18um CMOS, the capacitor array features a tuning range of 1.5 to 12.9 pF at 2.4GHz. Including the 2X4 decoder for control interface, the Chip size is 350um X 145um. Current consumption is about 80 nA at 1.8 V operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20capacitor%20array" title="CMOS capacitor array">CMOS capacitor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESPAR" title=" ESPAR"> ESPAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOI" title=" SOI"> SOI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOS" title=" SOS"> SOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20time" title=" switching time"> switching time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24058/a-cmos-capacitor-array-for-espar-with-fast-switching-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2120</span> Thinned Elliptical Cylindrical Antenna Array Synthesis Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Bera">Rajesh Bera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Durbadal%20Mandal"> Durbadal Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajib%20Kar"> Rajib Kar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakti%20P.%20Ghoshal"> Sakti P. Ghoshal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes optimal thinning of an Elliptical Cylindrical Array (ECA) of uniformly excited isotropic antennas which can generate directive beam with minimum relative Side Lobe Level (SLL). The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, which represents a new approach for optimization problems in electromagnetic, is used in the optimization process. The PSO is used to determine the optimal set of ‘ON-OFF’ elements that provides a radiation pattern with maximum SLL reduction. Optimization is done without prefixing the value of First Null Beam Width (FNBW). The variation of SLL with element spacing of thinned array is also reported. Simulation results show that the number of array elements can be reduced by more than 50% of the total number of elements in the array with a simultaneous reduction in SLL to less than -27dB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinned%20array" title="thinned array">thinned array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization" title=" Particle Swarm Optimization"> Particle Swarm Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elliptical%20Cylindrical%20Array" title=" Elliptical Cylindrical Array"> Elliptical Cylindrical Array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Side%20Lobe%20Label." title=" Side Lobe Label."> Side Lobe Label.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4068/thinned-elliptical-cylindrical-antenna-array-synthesis-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2119</span> Valuation on MEMS Pressure Sensors and Device Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Amziah%20Md%20Yunus">Nurul Amziah Md Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izhal%20Abdul%20Halin"> Izhal Abdul Halin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasri%20Sulaiman"> Nasri Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Faezah%20Ismail"> Noor Faezah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ong%20Kai%20Sheng"> Ong Kai Sheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The MEMS pressure sensor has been introduced and presented in this paper. The types of pressure sensor and its theory of operation are also included. The latest MEMS technology, the fabrication processes of pressure sensor are explored and discussed. Besides, various device applications of pressure sensor such as tire pressure monitoring system, diesel particulate filter and others are explained. Due to further miniaturization of the device nowadays, the pressure sensor with nanotechnology (NEMS) is also reviewed. The NEMS pressure sensor is expected to have better performance as well as lower in its cost. It has gained an excellent popularity in many applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensor" title="pressure sensor">pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaphragm" title=" diaphragm"> diaphragm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS" title=" MEMS"> MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20application" title=" automotive application"> automotive application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20application" title=" biomedical application"> biomedical application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEMS" title=" NEMS"> NEMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28395/valuation-on-mems-pressure-sensors-and-device-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2118</span> An Introductory Study on Optimization Algorithm for Movable Sensor Network-Based Odor Source Localization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yossiri%20Ariyakul">Yossiri Ariyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piyakiat%20Insom"> Piyakiat Insom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonyawat%20Sangiamkulthavorn"> Poonyawat Sangiamkulthavorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takamichi%20Nakamoto"> Takamichi Nakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the method of optimization algorithm for sensor network comprised of movable sensor nodes which can be used for odor source localization was proposed. A sensor node is composed of an odor sensor, an anemometer, and a wireless communication module. The odor intensity measured from the sensor nodes are sent to the processor to perform the localization based on optimization algorithm by which the odor source localization map is obtained as a result. The map can represent the exact position of the odor source or show the direction toward it remotely. The proposed method was experimentally validated by creating the odor source localization map using three, four, and five sensor nodes in which the accuracy to predict the position of the odor source can be observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odor%20sensor" title="odor sensor">odor sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odor%20source%20localization" title=" odor source localization"> odor source localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20network" title=" sensor network"> sensor network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76005/an-introductory-study-on-optimization-algorithm-for-movable-sensor-network-based-odor-source-localization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2117</span> 60 GHz Multi-Sector Antenna Array with Switchable Radiation-Beams for Small Cell 5G Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ojaroudi%20Parchin">N. Ojaroudi Parchin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jahanbakhsh%20Basherlou"> H. Jahanbakhsh Basherlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Al-Yasir"> Y. Al-Yasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Abdulkhaleq"> A. M. Abdulkhaleq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Abd-Alhameed"> R. A. Abd-Alhameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Excell"> P. S. Excell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compact design of multi-sector patch antenna array for 60 GHz applications is presented and discussed in details. The proposed design combines five 1×8 linear patch antenna arrays, referred to as sectors, in a multi-sector configuration. The coaxial-fed radiation elements of the multi-sector array are designed on 0.2 mm Rogers RT5880 dielectrics. The array operates in the frequency range of 58-62 GHz and provides switchable directional/omnidirectional radiation beams with high gain and high directivity characteristics. The designed multi-sector array exhibits good performances and could be used in the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mm-wave%20communications" title="mm-wave communications">mm-wave communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-sector%20array" title=" multi-sector array"> multi-sector array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20antenna" title=" patch antenna"> patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cell%20networks" title=" small cell networks"> small cell networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111450/60-ghz-multi-sector-antenna-array-with-switchable-radiation-beams-for-small-cell-5g-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2116</span> Performance Comparison of a Low Cost Air Quality Sensor with a Commercial Electronic Nose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%9Cnal%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l">Ünal Kızıl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levent%20Gen%C3%A7"> Levent Genç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefa%20Aksu"> Sefa Aksu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Tap%C4%B1n%C3%A7"> Ahmet Tapınç</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Figaro AM-1 sensor module which employs TGS 2600 model gas sensor in air quality assessment was used. The system was coupled with a microprocessor that enables sensor module to create warning message via telephone. This low cot sensor system’s performance was compared with a Diagnose II commercial electronic nose system. Both air quality sensor and electronic nose system employ metal oxide chemical gas sensors. In the study experimental setup, data acquisition methods for electronic nose system, and performance of the low cost air quality system were evaluated and explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title="air quality">air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20nose" title=" electronic nose"> electronic nose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20quality" title=" environmental quality"> environmental quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26944/performance-comparison-of-a-low-cost-air-quality-sensor-with-a-commercial-electronic-nose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2115</span> Digital Holographic Interferometric Microscopy for the Testing of Micro-Optics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varun%20Kumar">Varun Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20Shakher"> Chandra Shakher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Micro-optical components such as microlenses and microlens array have numerous engineering and industrial applications for collimation of laser diodes, imaging devices for sensor system (CCD/CMOS, document copier machines etc.), for making beam homogeneous for high power lasers, a critical component in Shack-Hartmann sensor, fiber optic coupling and optical switching in communication technology. Also micro-optical components have become an alternative for applications where miniaturization, reduction of alignment and packaging cost are necessary. The compliance with high-quality standards in the manufacturing of micro-optical components is a precondition to be compatible on worldwide markets. Therefore, high demands are put on quality assurance. For quality assurance of these lenses, an economical measurement technique is needed. For cost and time reason, technique should be fast, simple (for production reason), and robust with high resolution. The technique should provide non contact, non-invasive and full field information about the shape of micro- optical component under test. The interferometric techniques are noncontact type and non invasive and provide full field information about the shape of the optical components. The conventional interferometric technique such as holographic interferometry or Mach-Zehnder interferometry is available for characterization of micro-lenses. However, these techniques need more experimental efforts and are also time consuming. Digital holography (DH) overcomes the above described problems. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) allows one to extract both the amplitude and phase information of a wavefront transmitted through the transparent object (microlens or microlens array) from a single recorded digital hologram by using numerical methods. Also one can reconstruct the complex object wavefront at different depths due to numerical reconstruction. Digital holography provides axial resolution in nanometer range while lateral resolution is limited by diffraction and the size of the sensor. In this paper, Mach-Zehnder based digital holographic interferometric microscope (DHIM) system is used for the testing of transparent microlenses. The advantage of using the DHIM is that the distortions due to aberrations in the optical system are avoided by the interferometric comparison of reconstructed phase with and without the object (microlens array). In the experiment, first a digital hologram is recorded in the absence of sample (microlens array) as a reference hologram. Second hologram is recorded in the presence of microlens array. The presence of transparent microlens array will induce a phase change in the transmitted laser light. Complex amplitude of object wavefront in presence and absence of microlens array is reconstructed by using Fresnel reconstruction method. From the reconstructed complex amplitude, one can evaluate the phase of object wave in presence and absence of microlens array. Phase difference between the two states of object wave will provide the information about the optical path length change due to the shape of the microlens. By the knowledge of the value of the refractive index of microlens array material and air, the surface profile of microlens array is evaluated. The Sag of microlens and radius of curvature of microlens are evaluated and reported. The sag of microlens agrees well within the experimental limit as provided in the specification by the manufacturer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-optics" title="micro-optics">micro-optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microlens%20array" title=" microlens array"> microlens array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20map" title=" phase map"> phase map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20holographic%20interferometric%20microscopy" title=" digital holographic interferometric microscopy"> digital holographic interferometric microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37314/digital-holographic-interferometric-microscopy-for-the-testing-of-micro-optics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37314.pdf" target="_blank" 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