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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yale_under_Levin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yale_under_Levin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Yale under Levin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yale_under_Levin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Levin&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Levin">Richard Levin</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American economist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Richard Levin" redirects here. For the head of design at BBC Television, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Levin_(designer)" title="Richard Levin (designer)">Richard Levin (designer)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/36px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/54px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/72px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>A request that this article title be changed to <i><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_C._Levin&redirect=no">Richard C. 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Please <em>do not move</em> this article until the discussion is closed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Rick Levin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Levin_at_the_India_Economic_Summit_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Richard_Levin_at_the_India_Economic_Summit_2008.jpg/220px-Richard_Levin_at_the_India_Economic_Summit_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Richard_Levin_at_the_India_Economic_Summit_2008.jpg/330px-Richard_Levin_at_the_India_Economic_Summit_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Richard_Levin_at_the_India_Economic_Summit_2008.jpg/440px-Richard_Levin_at_the_India_Economic_Summit_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">22nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Yale_University" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Yale University">President of Yale University</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1993–2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howard_R._Lamar" title="Howard R. Lamar">Howard R. Lamar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Salovey" title="Peter Salovey">Peter Salovey</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1947-04-07</span>) </span>April 7, 1947<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 77)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Jane Levin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Levin_(economist)" title="Jonathan Levin (economist)">Jonathan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Letters" title="Bachelor of Letters">BLitt</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rick_Levin_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rick Levin's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Rick_Levin_Signature.svg/128px-Rick_Levin_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Rick_Levin_Signature.svg/192px-Rick_Levin_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Rick_Levin_Signature.svg/256px-Rick_Levin_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Charles Levin</b> (born April 7, 1947) is an American <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> and academic administrator. From 1993 to 2013, he was the 22nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Yale_University" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Yale University">President of Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From March 2014 to June 2017, he was Chief Executive Officer of <a href="/wiki/Coursera" title="Coursera">Coursera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blog_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maggioncalda_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maggioncalda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Levin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Jewish-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-American">Jewish-American</a> parents, Levin graduated from <a href="/wiki/Lowell_High_School_(San_Francisco)" title="Lowell High School (San Francisco)">Lowell High School</a> in San Francisco in 1964. At Lowell, he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Forensic_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowell Forensic Society">Lowell Forensic Society</a> and debated in high school debate tournaments regionally. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in 1968 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> in history. He then received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Letters" title="Bachelor of Letters">Bachelor of Letters</a> in politics and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in economics from Yale in 1974. His academic specialties include industrial research and development, intellectual property, and productivity in manufacturing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Levin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levin became an Assistant Professor of Economics at Yale in 1974 and was elevated to Associate Professor in 1979. In 1982, he was promoted to Professor of Economics and Management at the <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Management" title="Yale School of Management">Yale School of Management</a>. In 1992, he was appointed Frederick William Beinecke Professor of Economics. Before becoming president, he served as chairman of the Economics Department and dean of Yale's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. </p><p>On February 6, 2004, Levin was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Intelligence_Commission" title="Iraq Intelligence Commission">Iraq Intelligence Commission</a>, an independent panel convened to investigate U.S. intelligence surrounding the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>' <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> and Iraq's <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a>. He had previously served on a government panel reviewing the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Postal_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> and an independent panel appointed by <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> to examine the sport's economics. Levin is a director of the <a href="/wiki/William_and_Flora_Hewlett_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="William and Flora Hewlett Foundation">William and Flora Hewlett Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a>, and Satmetrix. </p><p>Although described in <a href="/wiki/Marquis_Who%27s_Who" title="Marquis Who's Who">Who's Who</a> as a Democrat, Levin was one of the first guests of President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in the White House during his first term and the president stayed at Levin's house when he received an honorary degree from Yale in 2001. </p><p>Levin had been rumored as a possible replacement for <a href="/wiki/Larry_Summers" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Summers">Larry Summers</a> as Director of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Economic_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Economic Council">National Economic Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until <a href="/wiki/Gene_Sperling" title="Gene Sperling">Gene Sperling</a> was selected instead. </p><p>Levin stepped down as president of Yale on June 30, 2013. Shortly before his retirement as President of Yale University, he published a book, <i>The Worth of the University</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-worth-univ_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worth-univ-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a sequel to his previous work, <i>The Work of the University</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-work-univ_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-work-univ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Salovey" title="Peter Salovey">Peter Salovey</a>. </p><p>As president of Yale, Levin studied and helped to some extent to guide what he called "the rise of Asia's universities".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yale's role in Asia is briefly set out below. In 2013, Levin agreed to serve on the Advisory Board for the newly created <a href="/wiki/Schwarzman_Scholars" title="Schwarzman Scholars">Schwarzman Scholars</a> - fellowships that will take students from many countries for post-graduate study together at <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a> in Beijing, with the aim of promoting international understanding.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2014, Levin became chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Coursera" title="Coursera">Coursera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blog_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2017, Coursera announced that Levin was being replaced by Jeff Maggioncalda.<sup id="cite_ref-Maggioncalda_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maggioncalda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Levin and his wife Jane, also a professor at Yale, reside in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have four children and seven grandchildren. Their son, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Levin_(economist)" title="Jonathan Levin (economist)">Jonathan</a>, was appointed as the 13th president of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, effective August 1, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yale_under_Levin">Yale under Levin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Levin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Yale under Levin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Levin's tenure, Yale's endowment grew from $3.2 billion to over $20 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_News_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox_News-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yale's admissions standards and academic prestige also recovered from a significant lull in the early 1990s since Levin's appointment. Applications to <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a> rose from fewer than 11,000 for the class entering in 1993 to 28,975 for the class entering in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the most recent classes reporting the highest range of standardized test scores for any college in America.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Levin, Yale aggressively expanded its efforts to recruit international students and students from previously underrepresented regions of the United States. </p><p>Levin helped established a program for undergraduates in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and increase participation in international work/study programs. Levin has made a special effort to expand Yale's engagement with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and was elected to the board of the <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_on_United_States-China_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee on United States-China Relations">National Committee on United States-China Relations</a>. </p><p>Levin was president during the largest building and renovation program since the 1930s, including all of the university's residential colleges. About 70 percent of the space on campus was partially or comprehensively renovated between 1993 and 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_News_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox_News-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levin approved the creation of <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a>'s first two new <a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">residential colleges</a> since the 1960s with the purpose of increasing the undergraduate population from around 5,400 to over 6,000. The project was delayed due to the financial crisis, but construction was begun in 2013, shortly after Levin stepped down. </p><p>Levin vastly expanded the Yale campus with the creation of Yale's West Campus. The campus was created by the purchase of the 136-acre, 17-building <a href="/wiki/Bayer_Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayer Pharmaceutical">Bayer Pharmaceutical</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/Orange,_Connecticut" title="Orange, Connecticut">Orange, Connecticut</a>, seven miles from Yale's main campus. The purchase was completed for $107 million in 2007 and was described at the time as a "ready-made, state-of-the-art research facility".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Levin's administration worked to improve Yale University's relationship with its local workers. In 2003, Levin negotiated eight-year contracts with the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Hospital_and_University_Employees" title="Federation of Hospital and University Employees">university's unionized workers</a> that provided health care, extensive paid leave, and cumulative raises ranging from 32% to 43%, although he has also fought strongly against new unionization drives by hospital workers, <a href="/wiki/GESO" class="mw-redirect" title="GESO">graduate employees</a>, and security guards. </p><p>Levin spearheaded the creation of the first liberal arts college in Asia, <a href="/wiki/Yale-NUS_College" title="Yale-NUS College">Yale-NUS College</a>, a joint venture between Yale University and the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a> initially faced strong criticism that Singapore's various restrictions on press freedom and public protests, as well as its anti-homosexuality policies, would undermine <a href="/wiki/Yale-NUS" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale-NUS">Yale-NUS</a>'s liberal arts mission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Levin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, as President of Yale, Levin was awarded an honorary doctorate by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> in a ceremony in which the President of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Rudenstine" title="Neil Rudenstine">Neil Rudenstine</a>, was also honored.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Levin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Yale_University" title="List of presidents of Yale University">List of presidents of Yale University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Levin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKelley1999" class="citation book cs1">Kelley, Brooks Mather (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B2aDRhohtx8C"><i>Yale: A History</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coursera+Blog&rft.atitle=Welcome+Rick+Levin+as+CEO+of+Coursera&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft.au=Daphne+Koller&rft.au=Andrew+Ng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.coursera.org%2Fpost%2F80601201906%2Fwelcome-rick-levin-as-ceo-of-coursera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maggioncalda-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maggioncalda_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maggioncalda_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawers2017" class="citation web cs1">Sawers, Paul (13 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2017/06/13/coursera-ceo-rick-levin-steps-down-to-be-replaced-by-former-financial-engines-ceo-jeff-maggioncalda/">"Coursera gets a new CEO: former Financial Engines CEO Jeff Maggioncalda replaces Rick Levin"</a>. <i>VentureBeat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2010/dec/06/levin-rumored-be-discussions-join-obama-administra/">the original</a> on 2010-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66216/richard-c-levin/top-of-the-class">the original</a> on 2014-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+of+the+Class+%26%23124%3B+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F66216%2Frichard-c-levin%2Ftop-of-the-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216225441/http://schwarzmanscholars.org/american-financier-stephen-a-schwarzman-endows-international-scholarship-program-in-china-2/">"Schwarzman Scholars » American Financier Stephen A. Schwarzman Endows International Scholarship Program in China"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://schwarzmanscholars.org/american-financier-stephen-a-schwarzman-endows-international-scholarship-program-in-china-2/">the original</a> on February 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schwarzman+Scholars+%C2%BB+American+Financier+Stephen+A.+Schwarzman+Endows+International+Scholarship+Program+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fschwarzmanscholars.org%2Famerican-financier-stephen-a-schwarzman-endows-international-scholarship-program-in-china-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2008/04/28/at-mr-levins-side-a-first-lady-and-a-conscience/">http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2008/04/28/at-mr-levins-side-a-first-lady-and-a-conscience/</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaul2024" class="citation news cs1">Saul, Stephanie (April 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/us/stanford-president-jonathan-levin.html">"Jonathan Levin, Dean of Business School, Is Stanford's New President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jonathan+Levin%2C+Dean+of+Business+School%2C+Is+Stanford%27s+New+President&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F04%2Fus%2Fstanford-president-jonathan-levin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox_News-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox_News_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox_News_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/yale-president-stepping-down-after-20-years/">"Yale president Levin stepping down after 20 years"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. 2012-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Yale+president+Levin+stepping+down+after+20+years&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Fyale-president-stepping-down-after-20-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601190834/http://www.yale.edu/oir/open/pdf_public/W033_Fresh_Admissions.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/oir/open/pdf_public/W033_Fresh_Admissions.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Foir%2Fopen%2Fpdf_public%2FW033_Fresh_Admissions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2012/mar/29/yale-offers-admission-1975-applicants/?cross-campus">http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2012/mar/29/yale-offers-admission-1975-applicants/?cross-campus</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://premium.usnews.com/best-colleges">http://premium.usnews.com/best-colleges</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%26%23124%3B+Yale+West+Campus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwestcampus.yale.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018033039/http://www.yale.edu/opa/arc-ybc/v27.n15/story6.html">"Yale Bulletin and Calendar - News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/opa/arc-ybc/v27.n15/story6.html">the original</a> on 2014-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yale+Bulletin+and+Calendar+-+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fopa%2Farc-ybc%2Fv27.n15%2Fstory6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Richard+C.+Levin&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DRichard%2BC.%2BLevin%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARick+Levin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Levin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/president/index.html">Official Biography from the Office of the President of Yale University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=22602">Article about Levin's 10th Anniversary As President</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041105215223/http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=22602">Archived</a> 2004-11-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cxotalk.com/episode/disruption-education-rick-levin-ceo-coursera">Video interview on CXOTALK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thepolitic.org/content/view/53/37/">Levin's views on China</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.1995">Richard C. Levin Papers (MS 1995).</a> Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Howard_R._Lamar" title="Howard R. Lamar">Howard R. Lamar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/University_President" class="mw-redirect" title="University President">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> </b><br />1993–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Salovey" title="Peter Salovey">Peter Salovey</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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(1707-1719)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Cutler" title="Timothy Cutler">Cutler</a> (1719-1722)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Williams" title="Elisha Williams">Williams</a> (1726-1739)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clap" title="Thomas Clap">Clap</a> (1740-1745)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00356B; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clap" title="Thomas Clap">Clap</a> (1745-1766)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphtali_Daggett" title="Naphtali Daggett">Daggett</a>* (1766-1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Stiles" title="Ezra Stiles">Stiles</a> (1778-1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Dwight_IV" title="Timothy Dwight IV">Dwight IV</a> (1795-1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Day" title="Jeremiah Day">Day</a> (1817-1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Woolsey" title="Theodore Dwight Woolsey">Woolsey</a> (1846-1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Porter" title="Noah Porter">Porter</a> (1871-1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Dwight_V" title="Timothy Dwight V">Dwight V</a> (1886-1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Twining_Hadley" title="Arthur Twining Hadley">Hadley</a> (1899-1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rowland_Angell" title="James Rowland Angell">Angell</a> (1921-1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Seymour" title="Charles Seymour">Seymour</a> (1937-1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Whitney_Griswold" title="Alfred Whitney Griswold">Griswold</a> (1950-1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Brewster_Jr." title="Kingman Brewster Jr.">Brewster Jr.</a> (1963-1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Holborn_Gray" title="Hanna Holborn Gray">Gray</a>* (1977-1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Bartlett_Giamatti" title="A. Bartlett Giamatti">Giamatti</a> (1978-1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benno_C._Schmidt_Jr." title="Benno C. Schmidt Jr.">Schmidt Jr.</a> (1986-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_R._Lamar" title="Howard R. Lamar">Lamar</a>* (1992-1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Levin</a> (1993-2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Salovey" title="Peter Salovey">Salovey</a> (2013-2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurie_D._McInnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurie D. McInnis">McInnis</a> (2024–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#00356B; color:#FFFFFF;"><div>* indicates service in an acting or <i>pro tempore</i> capacity</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Iraq_Intelligence_Commission47" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iraq_Intelligence_Commission" title="Template:Iraq Intelligence Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Iraq_Intelligence_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Iraq Intelligence Commission (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq_Intelligence_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq Intelligence Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Iraq_Intelligence_Commission47" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Intelligence_Commission" title="Iraq Intelligence Commission">Iraq Intelligence Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Silberman" title="Laurence Silberman">Laurence H. Silberman</a> (co-chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Chuck Robb</a> (co-chairman)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Cutler" title="Lloyd Cutler">Lloyd Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Wald" title="Patricia Wald">Patricia Wald</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rick Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Studeman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Studeman">Bill Studeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Marstiller_Vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Marstiller Vest">Charles Marstiller Vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rowen" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Rowen">Henry Rowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Express269" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Express" title="Template:American Express"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Express" title="Template talk:American Express"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Express" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Express"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Express269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Payment products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolades_Card" title="Accolades Card">Accolades Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_card" title="Charge card">Charge cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressPay" class="mw-redirect" title="ExpressPay">ExpressPay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveler%27s_cheque" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveler's cheque">Traveler's cheques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion_Card" title="Centurion Card">Centurion Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Express_Plum_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="American Express Plum Card">Plum Card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">Spun-off</a> companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ameriprise_Financial" title="Ameriprise Financial">Ameriprise Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Data" title="First Data">First Data Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchants_Despatch" title="Merchants Despatch">Merchants Despatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Express_Agency" title="Railway Express Agency">Railway Express Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner-Amex_Satellite_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment">Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wells" title="Henry Wells">Henry Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fargo" title="William Fargo">William Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._Fargo" title="J. C. Fargo">J. C. Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_L._Clark_Sr." title="Howard L. Clark Sr.">Howard L. Clark Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed_(American_Express)" title="Ralph Reed (American Express)">Ralph Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Robinson_III" title="James D. Robinson III">James D. Robinson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gerstner" title="Lou Gerstner">Louis V. Gerstner Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_I._Weill" title="Sanford I. Weill">Sanford I. 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Miller (businessperson) (page does not exist)">Edward D. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Popoff" title="Frank Popoff">Frank Popoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Walter" title="Robert D. Walter">Robert D. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000028144330">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11431535">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1488240/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp9mhy7RRFMQYWP3DFMyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88677919">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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