Principle 5 | TESOL | The 6 Principles

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en" class="no-js usn"> <head>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com">  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com">  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no, maximum-scale=2"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.the6principles.org/the-principles/principle-5/" /> <title>Principle 5 | TESOL | The 6 Principles</title> <meta name="description" content=""> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-us" href="https://www.the6principles.org/the-principles/principle-5/" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:title" content="Principle 5 | TESOL | The 6 Principles" /> <meta property="og:image" content="" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.the6principles.org/the-principles/principle-5/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="TESOL | The 6 Principles" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"> <link href="/sb/sitebuilder-ltr-css-bundle.css.v1" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/sb/sitebuilder-css-bundle.css.v1" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/sb/sitebuilder-css-small-bundle.css.v1" media="screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:991px)" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/sb/sitebuilder-css-large-bundle.css.v1" media="screen and (min-width:992px)" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/uSkinned/css/generated/8818d2bb-8832-4b6d-999c-546a396c94f3.css?version=638751243634830000" /> <link href="/sb/sitebuilder-css-prnt-bundle.css.v1" media="print" rel="stylesheet" />  <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/Static/dist/css/calendar.css?version=638751243634830000" />  <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/Static/dist/css/ace-main.css?version=638751243634830000" />  <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/Static/dist/css/calendar-apps.css?version=638751243634830000" />  <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/Static/dist/css/theme/main-theme.css?version=638751243634830000" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=32&height=32"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=57&height=57"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=60&height=60"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=72&height=72"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=76&height=76"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=114&height=114"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=120&height=120"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=144&height=144"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=152&height=152"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=180&height=180"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=16&height=16"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=32&height=32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=96&height=96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=192&height=192"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=70&height=70" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=150&height=150" /> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=310&height=150" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/media/4rihd4yk/tesol-favicon.ico?width=310&height=310" /> <script> var notificationExDays = 365; </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HTL1B05NSQ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-HTL1B05NSQ'); </script>  <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MMXL49N');</script>  </head> <body class="body-bg body-bg-solid header-18-lg header-03-sm show_header-on-scroll-lg show_header-on-scroll-sm directional-icons-chevron has-secondary-heading-seperator-above content-underline-link-hover footer-underline-link " >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MMXL49N" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   <a class="skip-to-content" id="skip-to-content-link" href="#site-content">Skip to main content</a> <a class="skip-to-content" id="skip-to-footer-link" href="#site-footer"></a>   <div id="site">  <header id="site-header" class="header-bg header-bg-solid" tabindex="-1"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="logo" > <a href="/" title="TESOL | The 6 Principles"> <picture> <img src="/media/hq5biu15/6p-web-graphic-tm-01-01.png" alt=""> </picture> <span>TESOL | The 6 Principles</span> </a> </div>  <button id="burgerNavStyle" class="expand-header expand-3-bars expand-uneven-lines expand-active-cross" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label=""> <span>Menu</span> </button>   <nav aria-label="" class="main nav-dropdown navigation-dropdown-bg navigation-dropdown-bg-solid"> <ul > <li class="no-child "> <span> <a href="/about/" >ABOUT</a> </span> </li> <li class="no-child "> <span> <a href="/the-principles/" >THE PRINCIPLES</a> </span> </li> <li class="no-child "> <span> <a href="/products/" >PRODUCTS</a> </span> </li> <li class="no-child "> <span> <a href="/" >HOME</a> </span> </li> </ul> </nav>     <nav aria-label="" class="cta-links"> <a class="btn base-btn-bg base-btn-bg-solid base-btn-bg-hover-solid base-btn-text base-btn-borders" href="https://www.tesol.org/about/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Link will open in a new window/tab" > <span></span> About TESOL<i class="icon usn_ion-md-open after"></i> </a> <a class="btn base-btn-bg base-btn-bg-solid base-btn-bg-hover-solid base-btn-text base-btn-borders" href="https://www.tesol.org/contact-us/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Link will open in a new window/tab" > <span></span> Contact Us<i class="icon usn_ion-md-open after"></i> </a> </nav>    </div> </div> </header>   <main id="site-content"> <section class="content component usn_cmp_splitcomponent base-bg base-bg-solid pb-0 " > <div class="component-inner"> <div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="content-col center-col col"> <div class="component-main row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <div class="item item_block usn_cmp_gallery align-self-center col-xl-3 col-md-3 order-md-1 order-1 col-12 " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.2s"> <div class="component-main row listing listing_basic-grid listing_gallery" > <div class="item items-1 col-12 " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.2s"> <div class="image "> <a href="/media/40vbjver/6p_5.png" target="" aria-label="" aria-haspopup="dialog" role="button" data-toggle="lightbox" data-type="image" data-gallery="galleryname_cca020d2-c71c-42dc-b4f3-8188877499d8" > <picture> <img class="lazyload " src="/media/40vbjver/6p_5.png?width=160&height=120&rnd=133219165433430000" width="800" height="600" data-srcset="/media/40vbjver/6p_5.png?width=800&height=600&rnd=133219165433430000 1x, /media/40vbjver/6p_5.png?width=1600&height=1200&rnd=133219165433430000 2x" alt=""> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item item_block usn_cmp_text align-self-center col-xl-9 col-md-9 order-md-2 order-2 col-12 " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.2s"> <div class="info text-left"> <h4 class="heading base-heading " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.2s" >MONITOR AND ASSESS STUDENT LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT</h4> <div class="text base-text " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s"> <p><span class="intro sm">Language learners learn at different rates, so teachers regularly monitor and assess their language development in order to advance their learning efficiently. Teachers also gather data to measure student language growth.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </section> <section class="content component usn_cmp_text base-bg base-bg-solid " > <div class="component-inner"> <div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="content-col center-col col">  <div class="component-introduction row justify-content-start text-left " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.2s"> <div class="info col"> <p class="heading base-heading " >Some Practices for Principle 5</p> </div> </div>  <div class="info "> <div class="text base-text " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s"> <p><span class="heading sm">Teachers monitor student errors.</span></p> <p>By interacting frequently with our students, we can acquire a great deal of information about their progress. Some teachers record the results of their interactions (e.g., correct and incorrect uses of English) in an anecdotal way, use a check list, or change student grouping patterns and/or partners, depending on their newly developing proficiency.</p> <p>Classroom Example: Teachers reteach when errors indicate that students misunderstood or learned the material incorrectly.</p> <p>When errors are not part of the language development process, teachers plan for reteaching or additional practice. They may present a mini-lesson on the topic for the whole class or work with a small group of learners who need the support.</p> <p><span class="heading sm">Teachers provide ongoing effective feedback strategically.</span></p> <p>To be constructive, a teacher’s feedback in response to a learner’s error is delivered strategically and in a timely manner but it must also suit the age and language development level of the student. The feedback can be positive or corrective. It is important that the feedback be specific and related to what learners are doing well in addition to what they can improve.</p> <p>Classroom Example: Teachers deliver feedback in a timely manner.</p> <p>Students may be more able to use feedback if it is not delayed. Timeliness is more important with oral feedback than with written feedback. Private feedback is appreciated by all students, no matter their age.</p> <h6>Classroom Activities That Support Principle 5</h6> <p>Try these activities from books in the popular <strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://bookstore.tesol.org/search-pages-21.php?search_term=new+ways&go=Search" target="_blank" data-feathr-click-track="true" data-feathr-link-aids="["5f2339fd94508af783453f5b"]">New Ways Series</a></strong> from <strong><a rel="noopener" href="https://bookstore.tesol.org/" target="_blank" data-feathr-click-track="true" data-feathr-link-aids="["5f2339fd94508af783453f5b"]">TESOL Press</a>!</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><a rel="noopener" href="/media/ad0hilmv/building-rubrics-democratically_full.pdf" target="_blank" title="Building Rubrics Democratically">Building Rubrics Democratically</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a rel="noopener" href="/media/y3ahizxs/tickets-out_full.pdf" target="_blank" title="Tickets Out">Tickets Out</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a rel="noopener" href="/media/hxxkwoyr/using-screencasts-to-give-feedback_full.pdf" target="_blank" title="Using Screencasts To Give Feedback">Using Screencasts To Give Feedback</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a rel="noopener" href="/media/tmlnpqpj/encouraging-peer-feedback-with-sticky-notes_full.pdf" target="_blank" title="Encouraging Peer Feedback With Sticky Notes">Encouraging Peer Feedback With Sticky Notes</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a rel="noopener" href="/media/fmefktfd/using-color-coded-e-rubrics_full.pdf" target="_blank" title="Using Color Coded E Rubrics">Using Color Coded E Rubrics</a></strong></li> </ul> <p>Try these activities from the <strong><a rel="noopener" href="#" target="_blank" title="TESOL Resource Center" data-anchor="#">TESOL Resource Center (TRC)</a></strong>.</p> <ul> <li><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.tesol.org/resource-center/incorporating-content-and-language-in-assessment/" target="_blank" title="Incorporating Content and Language in Assessment">Incorporating Content and Language in Assessment</a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.tesol.org/resource-center/" target="_blank" title="Resource Center">Using Formative Assessment in the Classroom to Monitor Student Learning</a></li> </ul> <p>The activity below from<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://bookstore.tesol.org/assessing-english-learners-in-u-s--schools-products-9781942223184.php" target="_blank" data-feathr-click-track="true" data-feathr-link-aids="["5f2339fd94508af783453f5b"]">Assessing English Learners in U.S. Schools</a> (Farnsworth & Malone, 2014) offers a formative assessment that elementary teachers can use to determine student ability to retell texts.</p> <p><strong><a rel="noopener" href="/media/jcvlubf3/picture-retelling_full-1.pdf" target="_blank" title="Picture Retelling">Picture Retelling</a></strong></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </section> <section class="content component usn_cmp_text base-bg base-bg-solid pt-0 " > <div class="component-inner"> <div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="content-col center-col col"> <div class="info "> <div class="text base-text " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s"> <h5>Establish a Culture of Shared Responsibility</h5> <p><strong>Special Education Directors and Gifted and Talented Program Directors</strong></p> <p>Ensure that all personnel involved in administering and interpreting assessments conducted to determine students’ eligibility for special education or gifted and talented programs are fully bilingual and bicultural. As needed, hire special education assessors who are bilingual, or, at a minimum, are trained to assess linguistically and culturally diverse students.</p> <p><strong>Reading Specialists and Instructional Coaches</strong></p> <p>Help incorporate test-like tasks in ongoing classroom assessments to familiarize students with test formats and tasks that they will encounter when taking district and state assessments.</p> <p><strong>District Curriculum Directors</strong></p> <p>Provide clear instructions about when assessments must be conducted in English and when they can be administered in students’ home languages. If unit assessments are to be conducted in English, specify the testing accommodations that should be used in the classroom and provided to students to make the assessments as fair and valid as possible.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </section> </main>   <footer id="site-footer" class="footer-bg footer-bg-solid" tabindex="-1">  <section class="breadcrumb-trail"> <div class="container"> <nav aria-label=""> <ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name"><i class="icon before"></i>The 6 Principles</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/the-principles/" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name"><i class="icon before"></i>The Principles</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"><span itemprop="name"><i class="icon before"></i>Principle 5</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /></li> </ol> </nav> </div> </section>  <div class="container">  <div class="row listing"> <div class="item footer-item col-lg-6 col-md-3 col-12 col item_text-below usn_pod_textimage text-left " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.2s"> <div class="inner "> <div class="info "> <div class="text footer-text"> <p><span class="sm heading footer-heading"><a href="https://the6principles.org/about/" title="ABOUT" data-anchor="#">ABOUT</a> <a href="https://the6principles.org/the-principles" title="THE PRINCIPLES" data-anchor="#">THE PRINCIPLES</a> <a href="https://www.the6principles.org/products/" title="PRODUCTS" data-anchor="#">PRODUCTS</a> <a href="https://www.tesol.org/" title="TESOL HOME">TESOL HOME</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item footer-item usn_pod_sociallinks offset-lg-2 offset-md-1 col-lg-4 col-md-5 col-12 col "> <div class="inner"> <p class="heading sm footer-heading " data-os-animation="fadeInDown" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.0s" >Social</p> <nav class="social " data-os-animation="fadeInDown" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.0s" aria-label=""> <ul> <li> <span> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/tesol.assn#" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Link will open in a new window/tab" > <picture> <img class="lazyload" src="/media/4i0hhx1g/facebook.png?height=16" data-srcset="/media/4i0hhx1g/facebook.png?height=80 1x, /media/4i0hhx1g/facebook.png?height=160 2x" alt=""> </picture> </a> </span> </li> <li> <span> <a href="https://twitter.com/TESOL_Assn#" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Link will open in a new window/tab" > <picture> <img class="lazyload" src="/media/ubvkfp3y/twitter.png?height=16" data-srcset="/media/ubvkfp3y/twitter.png?height=80 1x, /media/ubvkfp3y/twitter.png?height=160 2x" alt=""> </picture> </a> </span> </li> <li> <span> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/tesol-international-association/#" > <picture> <img class="lazyload" src="/media/e04pcfcy/linkedin.png?height=16" data-srcset="/media/e04pcfcy/linkedin.png?height=80 1x, /media/e04pcfcy/linkedin.png?height=160 2x" alt=""> </picture> </a> </span> </li> <li> <span> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/tesol_assn/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Link will open in a new window/tab" > <picture> <img class="lazyload" src="/media/xhkh1f3m/instagram.png?height=16" data-srcset="/media/xhkh1f3m/instagram.png?height=80 1x, /media/xhkh1f3m/instagram.png?height=160 2x" alt=""> </picture> </a> </span> </li> <li> <span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/tesolinc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Link will open in a new window/tab" > <picture> <img class="lazyload" src="/media/zsmpjit5/youtube.png?height=16" data-srcset="/media/zsmpjit5/youtube.png?height=80 1x, /media/zsmpjit5/youtube.png?height=160 2x" alt=""> </picture> </a> </span> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="item footer-item usn_pod_image col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-12 col "> <div class="inner"> <div class="image " data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s" data-os-animation-duration="1.2s"> <picture> <img class="lazyload" src="/media/q1obcucs/tesol_logo_vert_white.png?width=53&height=21" width="268" height="108" data-srcset="/media/q1obcucs/tesol_logo_vert_white.png?width=268&height=108 1x, /media/q1obcucs/tesol_logo_vert_white.png?width=536&height=216 2x" alt=""> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <nav aria-label="" class="footer-navigation"> <ul> <li><div>© 2025 TESOL. All Rights Reserved.</div></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div>   <div class="usn_back-to-top position-right"> <button id="back-to-top-link" role="button" aria-label="Back to top" class="btn base-btn-bg base-btn-bg base-btn-bg-solid base-btn-bg-hover-solid base-btn-text base-btn-borders btn-back-to-top"> <span></span> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon"></i><span aria-hidden="true" class="d-none">Back to top</span> </button> </div>  </div> </footer>  </div>   <div class="usn-notification position-left base-bg closed" id="NotificationPanel"> <div class="inner"> <div class="text base-text"> <p><strong>This website uses cookies.</strong> A cookie is a small piece of code that gives your computer a unique identity, but it does not contain any information that allows us to identify you personally. For more information on how TESOL International Association uses cookies, please read our<a rel="noopener" href="https://www.tesol.org/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" title="Privacy Policy"> </a><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.tesol.org/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" title="Privacy Policy">privacy policy</a>. Most browsers automatically accept cookies, but if you prefer, you can opt out by changing your browser settings.</p> </div> <p class="link"> <button class="btn base-btn-bg base-btn-bg base-btn-bg-solid base-btn-bg-hover-solid base-btn-text base-btn-borders accept-cookies"> <span></span> Accept </button> </p> </div> </div>  <script src="/sb/sitebuilder-js-bundle.js.v1" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/Static/dist/js/global.js?version=638751243634830000"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/Static/dist/js/calendar.js?version=638751243634830000"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/Static/javascript/scripts/upcomingEvents.js?version=638751243634830000"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/Static/javascript/scripts/url-current-page-cookie.js?version=638751243634830000"></script>  <script>cssVars({ onlyLegacy: true });</script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Principle 5 | TESOL | The 6 Principles