Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS)

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VNgEVwnmkIXrEIegBeJRrcHChYfsqJ3GitJDIXCkMmWVMY6wAqfNDs5sFVY5Qd7o"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VNgEVwnmkIXrEIegBeJRrcHChYfsqJ3GitJDIXCkMmWVMY6wAqfNDs5sFVY5Qd7o"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VNgEVwnmkIXrEIegBeJRrcHChYfsqJ3GitJDIXCkMmWVMY6wAqfNDs5sFVY5Qd7o"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VNgEVwnmkIXrEIegBeJRrcHChYfsqJ3GitJDIXCkMmWVMY6wAqfNDs5sFVY5Qd7o"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="7563451"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/vol/274/pg/1017" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=7898&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=7563451&db=pubmed&nlmid=7501160" title="See full text options at Silverchair Information Systems" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Silverchair Information Systems" data-ga-label="7563451" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--jama.jamanetwork.com-images-PUBMED_JAMA_full.gif" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Silverchair Information Systems </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/7563451/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/7563451/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="7563451" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F7563451%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="VNgEVwnmkIXrEIegBeJRrcHChYfsqJ3GitJDIXCkMmWVMY6wAqfNDs5sFVY5Qd7o"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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</select> </nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details">   <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="publication-type" >Clinical Trial</div> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="JAMA" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal JAMA" data-pinger-ignore> JAMA </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal JAMA"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22JAMA%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22JAMA%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=JAMA" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="JAMA"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22JAMA%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="JAMA"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"JAMA"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"JAMA"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">1995 Oct 4;274(13):1017-25.</span> </div> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hacke+W&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="W Hacke">W Hacke</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kaste+M&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="M Kaste">M Kaste</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fieschi+C&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="C Fieschi">C Fieschi</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Toni+D&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="D Toni">D Toni</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lesaffre+E&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="E Lesaffre">E Lesaffre</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=von+Kummer+R&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R von Kummer">R von Kummer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Boysen+G&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="G Boysen">G Boysen</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bluhmki+E&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="E Bluhmki">E Bluhmki</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6xter+G&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="G Höxter">G Höxter</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mahagne+MH&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="M H Mahagne">M H Mahagne</a><span class="comma etal">, et al.</span></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/7563451/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">7563451</strong> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Clinical Trial</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">W Hacke</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> JAMA<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="1995">1995</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/7563451/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger 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class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"JAMA"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"JAMA"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">1995 Oct 4;274(13):1017-25.</span> </div> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hacke+W&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="W Hacke">W Hacke</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kaste+M&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="M Kaste">M Kaste</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fieschi+C&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="C Fieschi">C Fieschi</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Toni+D&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="D Toni">D Toni</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lesaffre+E&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="E Lesaffre">E Lesaffre</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=von+Kummer+R&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R von Kummer">R von Kummer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Boysen+G&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="G Boysen">G Boysen</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bluhmki+E&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="E Bluhmki">E Bluhmki</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6xter+G&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="G Höxter">G Höxter</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mahagne+MH&cauthor_id=7563451" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="M H Mahagne">M H Mahagne</a><span class="comma etal">, et al.</span></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">7563451</strong> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/7563451/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/7563451/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Objective: </strong> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Design: </strong> Randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Setting: </strong> A total of 75 hospitals in 14 European countries. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Patients: </strong> A total of 620 patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke and moderate to severe neurologic deficit and without major early infarct signs on initial computed tomography (CT). </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Intervention: </strong> Patients were randomized to treatment with 1.1 mg per kilogram of body weight of rt-PA (alteplase) or placebo within 6 hours from the onset of symptoms. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Outcome measures: </strong> Primary end points included Barthel Index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (RS) at 90 days. Secondary end points included combined BI and RS, Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) at 90 days, and 30-day mortality. Tertiary end points included early neurologic recovery (SSS) and duration of in-hospital stay. Safety parameters included mortality and incidence of intracranial or extracranial hemorrhage. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> The distribution of demographic variables was similar among patients in the rt-PA and placebo treatment arms in both the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and the explanatory analysis for the target population (TP). A total of 109 patients (17.4%) were included in the trial despite major protocol violations but excluded from the TP. There was no difference in the primary end points in the ITT analysis, while the TP analysis revealed a significant difference in the RS in favor of rt-PA-treated patients (P = .035). Of the secondary end points, the combined BI and RS showed a difference in favor of rt-PA-treated patients in both analyses (P < .001). Neurologic recovery at 90 days was significantly better for rt-PA-treated patients in the TP (P = .03). The speed of neurologic recovery assessed by the SSS was significantly better up to 7 days in the ITT analysis and up to 30 days for the TP in the rt-PA treatment arm. In-hospital stay was significantly shorter in the rt-PA treatment arm in both analyses. There were no statistically significant differences in the mortality rate at 30 days or in the overall incidence of intracerebral hemorrhages among the rt-PA and placebo treatment arms in either analysis. However, the occurrence of large parenchymal hemorrhages was significantly more frequent in the rt-PA-treated patients. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusions: </strong> Intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke is effective in improving some functional measures and neurologic outcome in a defined subgroup of stroke patients with moderate to severe neurologic deficit and without extended infarct signs on the initial CT scan. However, the identification of this subgroup is difficult and depends on recognition of early major CT signs of early infarction. Therefore, since treating ineligible patients is associated with an unacceptable increase of hemorrhagic complications and death, intravenous thrombolysis cannot currently be recommended for use in an unselected population of acute ischemic stroke patients. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="linked-articles" id="linked-commentary"> <h2 class="title"> Comment in </h2> <ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/7563457/" ref="article_id=7563457&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> ECASS: lessons for future thrombolytic stroke trials. 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dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Adult"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Adult"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Adult"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Aged"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Brain / diagnostic imaging" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Brain / diagnostic imaging </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Brain / diagnostic imaging"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Brain%2Fdiagnostic+imaging%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Brain%2Fdiagnostic+imaging%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Brain/diagnostic imaging"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Brain / diagnostic imaging"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Brain" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Brain / diagnostic imaging"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Brain/diagnostic imaging"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Brain/diagnostic imaging"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / diagnostic imaging" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Cerebrovascular Disorders / diagnostic imaging </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / diagnostic imaging"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fdiagnostic+imaging%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fdiagnostic+imaging%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnostic imaging"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / diagnostic imaging"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cerebrovascular+Disorders" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / diagnostic imaging"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnostic imaging"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnostic imaging"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / drug therapy*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Cerebrovascular Disorders / drug therapy* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / drug therapy*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cerebrovascular Disorders/drug therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / drug therapy*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cerebrovascular+Disorders" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / drug therapy*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/drug therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/drug therapy"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / mortality" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Cerebrovascular Disorders / mortality </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / mortality"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fmortality%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fmortality%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cerebrovascular Disorders/mortality"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / mortality"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cerebrovascular+Disorders" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / mortality"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/mortality"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/mortality"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / physiopathology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Cerebrovascular Disorders / physiopathology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cerebrovascular Disorders / physiopathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / physiopathology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cerebrovascular+Disorders" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Cerebrovascular Disorders / physiopathology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Double-Blind Method" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Double-Blind Method </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Double-Blind Method"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Double-Blind+Method%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Double-Blind+Method%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Double-Blind Method"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Double-Blind Method"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Double-Blind+Method" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Double-Blind Method"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Double-Blind Method"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Double-Blind Method"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Female </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Female"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Infusions, Intravenous" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Infusions, Intravenous </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Infusions, Intravenous"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Infusions%2C+Intravenous%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Infusions%2C+Intravenous%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Infusions, Intravenous"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Infusions, Intravenous"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Infusions%2C+Intravenous" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Infusions, Intravenous"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Infusions, Intravenous"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Infusions, Intravenous"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Length of Stay" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Length of Stay </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Length of Stay"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Length+of+Stay%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Length+of+Stay%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Length of Stay"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Length of Stay"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Length+of+Stay" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Length of Stay"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Length of Stay"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Length of Stay"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Middle Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Recombinant+Proteins%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Recombinant+Proteins%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Recombinant+Proteins" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic 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Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) - PubMed