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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Growth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Core_functionality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_functionality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Core functionality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Core_functionality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filters,_lenses,_and_stickers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filters,_lenses,_and_stickers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Filters, lenses, and stickers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filters,_lenses,_and_stickers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friend_emojis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friend_emojis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Friend emojis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friend_emojis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stories_and_Discover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stories_and_Discover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Stories and Discover </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stories_and_Discover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_video_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_video_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Original video content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_video_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encryption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encryption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Encryption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encryption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_and_multimedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_and_multimedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Business and multimedia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Business_and_multimedia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Business and multimedia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Business_and_multimedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Communication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monetization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monetization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Monetization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monetization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Campaigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Development platform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snap_Originals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snap_Originals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Snap Originals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snap_Originals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premium_accounts_and_sexual_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premium_accounts_and_sexual_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Premium accounts and sexual content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premium_accounts_and_sexual_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-December_2013_hack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2013_hack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 December 2013 hack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2013_hack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Trade_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Trade_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Federal Trade Commission </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Trade_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_app" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_app"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Windows app </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_app-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lens_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lens_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Lens incidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lens_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Poor_Country"_remark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Poor_Country"_remark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 "Poor Country" remark </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Poor_Country"_remark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pompliano_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pompliano_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Pompliano lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pompliano_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Snap_Map"_privacy_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Snap_Map"_privacy_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 "Snap Map" privacy concerns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Snap_Map"_privacy_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rihanna_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rihanna_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Rihanna controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rihanna_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body_image_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body_image_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Body image concerns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body_image_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snapchat_employees_abused_data_access_to_spy_on_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snapchat_employees_abused_data_access_to_spy_on_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.10 Snapchat employees abused data access to spy on users </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snapchat_employees_abused_data_access_to_spy_on_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozilla_calls_for_public_disclosures_related_to_use_of_A.I." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozilla_calls_for_public_disclosures_related_to_use_of_A.I."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.11 Mozilla calls for public disclosures related to use of A.I. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozilla_calls_for_public_disclosures_related_to_use_of_A.I.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revenge_porn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenge_porn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.12 Revenge porn </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenge_porn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sale_of_fake_pills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sale_of_fake_pills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.13 Sale of fake pills </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sale_of_fake_pills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illinois_biometric_data_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illinois_biometric_data_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.14 Illinois biometric data lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illinois_biometric_data_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grooming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grooming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.15 Grooming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grooming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snapchat_Speed_Filter_Crashes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snapchat_Speed_Filter_Crashes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.16 Snapchat Speed Filter Crashes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snapchat_Speed_Filter_Crashes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Snapchat</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" > 78 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سناب شات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سناب شات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%83%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%A9" title="Սնեփչեթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սնեփչեթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="স্ন্যাপচ্যাট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ন্যাপচ্যাট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F" title="स्नैपचैट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्नैपचैट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Снапчат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Снапчат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%DA%86%D8%AA" title="اسنپ‌چت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسنپ‌چت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%83%85%EC%B1%97" title="스냅챗 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스냅챗" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Սնապչատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սնապչատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F" title="स्नैपचैट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्नैपचैट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A6%27%D7%98" title="סנאפצ'ט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנאפצ'ט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="سنیپ چیٹ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سنیپ چیٹ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്നാപ്ചാറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്നാപ്ചാറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F" title="स्नॅपचॅट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्नॅपचॅट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سناب شات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سناب شات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Снэпчат – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Снэпчат" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="स्न्यापच्याट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्न्यापच्याट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F" title="ਸਨੈਪਚੈਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਨੈਪਚੈਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سناپچات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سناپچات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="சினாப்சாட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சினாப்சாட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95" title="สแนปแชต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สแนปแชต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Snapchat" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%9B%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9F" title="ⵙⵏⴰⴱⵛⴰⵟ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵙⵏⴰⴱⵛⴰⵟ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333618#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American multimedia instant messaging app</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Snapchat</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Snapchat_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Snapchat_logo.svg/100px-Snapchat_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Snapchat_logo.svg/150px-Snapchat_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Snapchat_logo.svg/200px-Snapchat_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="279" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since August 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc.#Controversy" title="Snap Inc.">Reggie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Murphy_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby Murphy (businessman)">Bobby Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Spiegel" title="Evan Spiegel">Evan Spiegel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc." title="Snap Inc.">Snap Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">September 2011; 13 years ago (2011-09)</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Latest_stable_software_release/Snapchat?action=edit">[±]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Android</th><td class="infobox-data">13.31.1.0<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c05cd1c6c19e1250501de9d7558a034ec867d57f-v18-1">[1]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333618?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 8 March 2025; 9 days ago (8 March 2025)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">iOS</th><td class="infobox-data">13.31.0.47<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-8d742ffcbb5540ef175310e89dd93ba3b2e723d0-v18-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333618?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 5 March 2025; 12 days ago (5 March 2025)</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release(s)</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Latest_preview_software_release/Snapchat?action=edit">[±]</a></th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Android_Lollipop" title="Android Lollipop">Android 5.0</a> or later <a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">iOS 12.4</a> or later</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">Size</a></th><td class="infobox-data">64 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a> (Android)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> 258 MB (iOS)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">37 languages</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background-color: transparent;">List of languages</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="">English, Arabic, Bengali, Danish, Dutch, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Korean, Malay, Malayalam, Marathi, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photo_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo sharing">Photo sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">video chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snapchat.com/">snapchat.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Snapchat is an American multimedia <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a> app and service developed by <a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc." title="Snap Inc.">Snap Inc.</a>, originally Snapchat Inc. One of the principal features of the <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> Snapchat is that pictures and messages are usually available for only a short time before they become inaccessible to their recipients. The app has evolved from originally focusing on person-to-person photo sharing to presently featuring users' "Stories" of 24 hours of <a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">chronological</a> content, along with "Discover", letting brands show <a href="/wiki/Ad-supported" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-supported">ad-supported</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_clip" title="Video clip">short-form content</a>. It also allows users to store photos in a <a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">password</a>-protected area called "My Eyes Only". It has also reportedly incorporated limited use of end-to-end <a href="/wiki/Encryption_software" title="Encryption software">encryption</a>, with plans to broaden its use in the future. Snapchat was created by <a href="/wiki/Evan_Spiegel" title="Evan Spiegel">Evan Spiegel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Murphy" title="Bobby Murphy">Bobby Murphy</a>, and Reggie Brown,<a href="#cite_note-settlement-6">[6]</a> former students at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. It is known for representing a mobile-first direction for <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, and places significant emphasis on users interacting with virtual stickers and <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> objects. In 2023, Snapchat had over 300 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-similarweb2024-7">[7]</a> On average more than four billion Snaps were sent each day in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> Snapchat is popular among the younger generations, with most users being between 18 and 24.<a href="#cite_note-similarweb2024-7">[7]</a> Snapchat is subject to <a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_social_networking_services#Snapchat" title="Privacy concerns with social networking services">privacy concerns with social networking services</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Snapchat" title="Timeline of Snapchat">Timeline of Snapchat</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prototype">Prototype</h3></div> According to documents and <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(law)" title="Deposition (law)">deposition</a> statements, Reggie Brown brought the idea for a disappearing-pictures application to <a href="/wiki/Evan_Spiegel" title="Evan Spiegel">Evan Spiegel</a> because Spiegel had prior business experience. Brown and Spiegel then pulled in <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Murphy" title="Bobby Murphy">Bobby Murphy</a>, who had experience <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">coding</a>. The three worked closely together for several months and launched Snapchat as "Picaboo" on the <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> operating system on July 8, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Reggie Brown was ousted from the company months after it was launched.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The app was relaunched as Snapchat in September 2011, and the team focused on usability and technical aspects, rather than branding efforts.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes,_touch-13">[13]</a> One exception was the decision to keep a mascot designed by Brown, "Ghostface Chillah", named after <a href="/wiki/Ghostface_Killah" title="Ghostface Killah">Ghostface Killah</a> of the hip-hop group <a href="/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan" title="Wu-Tang Clan">Wu-Tang Clan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes,_touch-13">[13]</a> On May 8, 2012, Reggie Brown sent an email to Evan Spiegel during their senior year at Stanford, in which he offered to re-negotiate his equitable share regarding ownership of the company. Lawyers for Snapchat <a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc.#Controversy" title="Snap Inc.">claimed that Reggie Brown</a> had made no contributions of value to the company, and was therefore entitled to nothing.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In September 2014, Brown settled with Spiegel and Murphy for $157.5 million<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and was credited as one of the original authors of Snapchat.<a href="#cite_note-settlement-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In their first <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a> post, dated May 9, 2012, <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> Evan Spiegel described the company's mission: "Snapchat isn't about capturing the traditional <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> moment. It's about communicating with the full range of human emotion—not just what appears to be pretty or perfect."<a href="#cite_note-let's_chat-19">[19]</a> He presented Snapchat as the solution to stresses caused by the longevity of personal information on social media, evidenced by "emergency detagging of <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> photos before job interviews and <a href="/wiki/Photo_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo manipulation">photoshopping</a> blemishes out of candid shots before they hit the internet.<a href="#cite_note-let's_chat-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth">Growth</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snapchat%27s_global_reach_in_2014.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Snapchat%27s_global_reach_in_2014.png/220px-Snapchat%27s_global_reach_in_2014.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Snapchat%27s_global_reach_in_2014.png/330px-Snapchat%27s_global_reach_in_2014.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Snapchat%27s_global_reach_in_2014.png/440px-Snapchat%27s_global_reach_in_2014.png 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption>World map indicating Snapchat's core users by country in 2014. Map based on data from a report from <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> Intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></figcaption></figure> As of May 2012, 25 Snapchat images were being sent per second<a href="#cite_note-TC,_billion_snaps-21">[21]</a> and, as of November 2012, users had shared over one billion photos on the Snapchat iOS app, with 20 million photos being shared per day.<a href="#cite_note-TC,_billion_snaps-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Upstart,_October_28-22">[22]</a> That same month, Spiegel cited problems with user base <a href="/wiki/Scalability" title="Scalability">scalability</a> as the reason that Snapchat was experiencing some difficulties delivering its images, known as "snaps", in <a href="/wiki/Real-time_data" title="Real-time data">real time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TC,_billion_snaps-21">[21]</a> Snapchat was released as an <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> app on October 29, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-TC,_billion_snaps-21">[21]</a> In June 2013, Snapchat version 5.0, dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Banquo" title="Banquo">Banquo</a>", was released for iOS. The updated version introduced several speed and design enhancements, including swipe navigation, double-tap to reply, an improved friend finder, and in-app profiles.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The name is a reference to a character from Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Also in June 2013, Snapchat introduced Snapkidz for users under 13 years of age. Snapkidz was part of the original Snapchat application and was activated when the user provided a date of birth to verify his/her age. Snapkidz allowed children to take snaps and draw on them, but they could not send snaps to other users and could save snaps only locally on the device being used.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> According to Snapchat's published statistics, as of May 2015, the app's users were viewing 2 billion videos per day, reaching 6 billion by November.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> By 2016, Snapchat had hit 10 billion daily video views.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In May 2016, Snapchat raised $1.81 billion in equity offering, suggesting strong investor interest in the company.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> By May 31, 2016, the app had almost 10 million daily active users in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In February 2017, Snapchat had 160 million daily active users,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> growing to 166 million in May.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Investel Capital Corp., a Canadian company, sued Snapchat for infringement on its geofiltering patent in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> They were seeking "monetary compensation and an order that would prohibit California-based Snapchat from infringing on its patent in the future."<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snapchat_Spectacles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Snapchat_Spectacles.jpg/220px-Snapchat_Spectacles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Snapchat_Spectacles.jpg/330px-Snapchat_Spectacles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Snapchat_Spectacles.jpg/440px-Snapchat_Spectacles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3392" data-file-height="2224" /></a><figcaption>Snapchat Spectacles Vending Machine at SXSW 2017, Austin, Texas</figcaption></figure> In September 2016, Snapchat Inc. was renamed <a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc." title="Snap Inc.">Snap Inc.</a> to coincide with the introduction of the company's first <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> product, <a href="/wiki/Spectacles_(product)" title="Spectacles (product)">Spectacles</a>—<a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">smartglasses</a> with a built-in camera that can record 10 seconds of video at a time.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On February 20, 2017, Spectacles became available for purchase online.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Snapchat announced a redesign in November 2017,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> which proved controversial with many of its followers. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>'s Ingrid Angulo listed some of the reasons why many disliked the update, citing that sending a snap and re-watching stories was more complicated, stories and incoming snaps were now listed on the same page, and that the Discover page now included featured and sponsored content.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> A tweet sent by <a href="/wiki/Kylie_Jenner" title="Kylie Jenner">Kylie Jenner</a> in February 2018, which criticized the redesign of the Snapchat app,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> reportedly caused <a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc." title="Snap Inc.">Snap Inc.</a> to lose more than $1.3 billion in market value.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Over 1.2 million people signed a Change.org petition asking the company to remove the new app update.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In December 2019, App Annie announced Snapchat to be the 5th most downloaded mobile app of the decade. The data includes figures for iOS downloads starting from 2010 and Android downloads starting from 2012.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Snapchat acquired AI Factory, a computer vision startup, in January 2020 to give a boost to its video capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In November 2020, Snapchat announced it would pay a total of $1 million a day to users who post viral videos. The company has not stated the criteria for a video to be considered viral or how many people the payout would be split between. The promotion, called Snapchat Spotlight, was initially intended to run until the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snapchat&action=edit">[update]</a>, the program continues to operate but its payout structure changed in 2021 as the company announced a shift from the $1 million per day model to a "millions per month" one.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In June 2022, Snapchat announced plans to launch Snapchat Plus, a paid subscription model. The subscription gives users early access to features, the ability to change the app icon and see which users rewatch their stories.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In July 2022, the company reported that they had 347 million daily active users, an increase of 18% from the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In August 2022, Snapchat announced that Snapchat Plus had more than 1 million subscribers and added four new features to the subscription including priority replies, post-view emoji, new Bitmoji content, and new app icons.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Core_functionality">Core functionality</h3></div> Snapchat is primarily used for creating multimedia messages referred to as "snaps"; snaps can consist of a photo or a short video, and can be edited to include <a href="/wiki/Social_media_camera_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Social media camera filter">filters</a> and effects, text captions, and drawings.<a href="#cite_note-pocketlint-7tips-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Snaps can be directed privately to selected contacts, or to a semi-public "Story" or a public "Story" called "Our Story".<a href="#cite_note-tc-stories-54">[54]</a> The ability to send video snaps was added as a feature option in December 2012. By holding down on the photo button while inside the app, a video of up to ten seconds in length can be captured. Spiegel explained that this process allowed the video data to be compressed into the size of a photo.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> A later update allowed the ability to record up to 60 seconds, but are still segmented into 10 second intervals. After a single viewing, the video disappears by default. On May 1, 2014, the ability to communicate via <a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">video chat</a> was added. Direct messaging features were also included in the update, allowing users to send <a href="/wiki/Ephemerality" title="Ephemerality">ephemeral</a> text messages to friends and family while saving any needed information by clicking on it.<a href="#cite_note-verge-snapchatchat-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> According to CIO, Snapchat uses real-time marketing concepts and temporality to make the app appealing to users.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> According to Marketing Pro, Snapchat attracts interest and potential customers by combining the <a href="/wiki/AIDA_(marketing)" title="AIDA (marketing)">AIDA (marketing)</a> model with modern digital technology.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Private message photo snaps can be viewed for a user-specified length of time (1 to 10 seconds as determined by the sender) before they become inaccessible. Users were previously required to hold down on the screen in order to view a snap; this behavior was removed in July 2015<a href="#cite_note-verge-nomoreholding-60">[60]</a> The requirement to hold on the screen was intended to frustrate the ability to take <a href="/wiki/Screenshot" title="Screenshot">screenshots</a> of snaps; the Snapchat app does not prevent screenshots from being taken but can notify the sender if it detects that it has been saved. However, these notifications can be bypassed through either unauthorized modifications to the app or by obtaining the image through external means.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes,_touch-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-TC,_billion_snaps-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-All_Things,_text_overlay-61">[61]</a> One snap per day can be replayed for free.<a href="#cite_note-wired-replay-62">[62]</a> In September 2015, Snapchat introduced the option to purchase additional replays through <a href="/wiki/Microtransaction" title="Microtransaction">in-app purchases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired-replay-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The ability to purchase extra replays was removed in April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Friends can be added via usernames and phone contacts, using customizable "<a href="/wiki/Aztec_Code" title="Aztec Code">Snapcodes</a>", or through the "Add Nearby" function, which scans for users near their location who are also in the Add Nearby menu.<a href="#cite_note-verge-nomoreholding-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-whatshouldmarketers-67">[67]</a> Spiegel explained that Snapchat is intended to counteract the trend of users being compelled to manage an idealized <a href="/wiki/Online_identity" title="Online identity">online identity</a> of themselves, which he says has "taken all of the fun out of communicating."<a href="#cite_note-Forbes,_touch-13">[13]</a> In November 2014, Snapchat introduced "Snapcash", a feature that lets users send and receive money to each other through private messaging. The payments system is powered by <a href="/wiki/Square,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Square, Inc.">Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-69">[69]</a> In July 2016, Snapchat introduced a new, optional feature known as "Memories". Memories allow snaps and story posts to be saved into a private storage area, where they can be viewed alongside other photos stored on the device, as well as edited and published as snaps, story posts, or messages anytime. When shared with a user's current story, the memory would have a timestamp to indicate its age. Content in the Memories storage area can be searched by date or using a local <a href="/wiki/Object_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Object recognition">object recognition</a> system. Snaps accessible within Memories can additionally be placed into a "My Eyes Only" area that is locked with a <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">Personal identification number</a> (PIN). Snapchat has stated that the Memories feature was inspired by the practice of manually scrolling through photos on a phone to show them to others.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In April 2017, the white border around old memories was removed. While originally intended to let viewers know the material was old, <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a> wrote that the indicator "ended up annoying users who didn't want their snaps altered, sometimes to the point where they would decide not to share the old content at all."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In May 2017, an update made it possible to send snaps with unlimited viewing time, dropping the previous ten-second maximum duration, with the content disappearing after being deliberately closed by the recipient.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> New creative tools, namely the ability to draw with an emoji, videos that play in a loop, and an eraser that lets users remove objects in a photo with the app filling in the space with the background, were also released.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In July 2017, Snapchat started allowing users to add links to snaps, enabling them to direct viewers to specific websites; the feature was only available for brands previously. Additionally, the update added more creative tools: A "Backdrop" feature lets users cut out a specific object from their photo and apply colorful patterns to it in order to bring greater emphasis to that object, and "Voice Filters" enable users to remix the sounds of their voices in the snap. Voice Filters was previously available as part of the feature enabling augmented reality lenses, with the new update adding a dedicated speaker icon to remix the audio in any snap.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In June 2020, Snap announced "minis", embeddable apps that live inside the parent Snap app.<a href="#cite_note-thev_Snap-78">[78]</a> In July 2022, within a month of Snapchat+ launching, the 'Friend Solar System' feature gained popularity, widely known as Snapchat Planets.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> This feature offered a unique way of displaying best friends as planets, ranking them based on interaction levels. In August 2022, Snap launched the "Family Center" feature which allows parents to monitor the activity of their children, ages 13–18, within the app.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In February 2023, Snapchat launched "My AI", a custom chatbot offering Snapchat+ users access to a mobile version of the AI chatbot <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> It followed up by announcing that its customizable My AI chatbot would be accessible to all users within the app in April 2023, a month after <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a> allowed access to third parties, and would be available for group chats.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Filters,_lenses,_and_stickers">Filters, lenses, and stickers</h4></div> Snaps can be personalized with various forms of visual effects and <a href="/wiki/Sticker_(messaging)" title="Sticker (messaging)">stickers</a>. Geofilters are graphical overlays available if the user is <a href="/wiki/Geo-fence" class="mw-redirect" title="Geo-fence">within a certain geographical location</a>, such as a city, event, or destination. Users can design and create their own geofilters for personal events at a fee of $10–15 USD per hour. They can also subscribe to an annual plan which ranges from $1,000 to $10,000 depending on the location, for a permanent filter.<a href="#cite_note-tc-sponsoredfilters-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> A similar feature known as Geostickers was launched in 10 major cities in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bitstrips" title="Bitstrips">Bitmoji</a> are stickers featuring personalized cartoon <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatars</a>, which can be used in snaps and messaging.<a href="#cite_note-gandm-bitstripsacquired-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Bitmoji characters can also be used as World Lenses.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The "Lens" feature, introduced in September 2015, allows users to add real-time effects into their snaps by using <a href="/wiki/Face_detection" title="Face detection">face detection</a> technology. This is activated by long-pressing on a face within the viewfinder.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In April 2017, Snapchat extended this feature into "World Lenses", which use <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> technology to integrate <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D rendered</a> elements (such as objects and animated characters) into scenes; these elements are placed and anchored in <a href="/wiki/3D_space" class="mw-redirect" title="3D space">3D space</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On October 26, 2018, at <a href="/wiki/TwitchCon" title="TwitchCon">TwitchCon</a>, Snap launched the Snap Camera desktop application for macOS and Windows PCs, which enables use of Snapchat lenses in <a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">videotelephony</a> and live streaming services such as <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a>. However, this was discontinued in January 2023.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Snapchat also launched integration with Twitch, including an in-stream <a href="/wiki/Software_widget" title="Software widget">widget</a> for Snapcodes, the ability to offer lenses to stream viewers and as an incentive to channel subscribers. Several video game-themed lenses were also launched at this time, including ones themed around <a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overwatch_(video_game)" title="Overwatch (video game)">Overwatch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PlayerUnknown%27s_Battlegrounds" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds">PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In August 2020, Snapchat collaborated with four <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> influencers to launch Augmented Reality (AR) lenses to create a more interactive experience with users. The lenses now incorporate geo-locational mapping techniques to incorporate digital overlays onto real world surfaces. These lenses track 18 joints across the body to identify body movements, and generate effects around the body of the user.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a> is now also utilizing AR lenses that make users a part of the advert. Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Taco Bell are just a select few of the brands now utilizing the tech on Snapchat. Consumers no longer scroll past these adverts, but become a part of them with AR lenses.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In March 2022, Snapchat launched the ability to share YouTube videos as stickers. The stickers function as clickable links that redirect users to a browser or the YouTube app.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Friend_emojis">Friend emojis</h4></div> Friend emojis can be customized, however the default emojis are listed below. The snapscore, which states the amount of snaps one has sent and received is recorded and is visible to one's friends. If users tap their own score it shows the ratio of sent and received snaps, the amount of snaps they have sent is on the right and the amount of snaps they have received is on the left, these numbers combined are their Snapchat score.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> There are multiple synonyms for Snapchat score such as Snapchat points, Snapscore, Snap points and Snap Number.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> has a similar rewards system called "Perks". <table class="wikitable"> <caption>As incentive to send content regularly, emoji icons will appear next to the names of contacts that the user frequently interacts with.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Emoji</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Snapchat meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>💕</td> <td>Super BFF</td> <td>Appears next to the user's number 1 Best Friend when they are also their number 1 Best Friend for two months in a row. </td></tr> <tr> <td>❤️</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Best_friends_forever" title="Best friends forever">BFF</a></td> <td>Appears next to the user's number 1 Best Friend when they are also their number 1 Best Friend for two weeks in a row. </td></tr> <tr> <td>💛</td> <td>Besties</td> <td>Appears next to the user's number 1 Best Friend when they are also their number 1 Best Friend. </td></tr> <tr> <td>😊</td> <td>BFs</td> <td>Appears next to one of the user's Best Friends. </td></tr> <tr> <td>😬</td> <td>Mutual Besties</td> <td>Appears next to someone when the user's number 1 Best Friend is also their number 1 Best Friend. </td></tr> <tr> <td>😎</td> <td>Mutual BFs</td> <td>Appears next to someone whom the user shares a best friend with. </td></tr> <tr> <td>🔥</td> <td>Snapstreak</td> <td>Appears next to the number of days that the user and a friend have Snapped each other. If the user and their friend do not both send a Snap within 24 hours, they will lose their Snapstreak.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>✨ </td> <td>Group Chat </td> <td>Appears next to all of the user's group chats. </td></tr> <tr> <td>⌛️</td> <td>Hourglass</td> <td>Appears next to someone's name if the user's Snapstreak is going to end soon. </td></tr> <tr> <td>🎂</td> <td>Birthday Cake</td> <td>Appears next to someone when it is their birthday. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stories_and_Discover">Stories and Discover</h3></div> In October 2013, Snapchat introduced the "My Story" feature, which allows users to compile snaps into chronological storylines, accessible to all of their friends.<a href="#cite_note-tc-stories-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> By June 2014, photo and video snaps presented to friends in the Stories functionality had surpassed person-to-person private snaps as the most frequently used function of the service, with over one billion viewed per day—double the daily views tallied in April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In June 2014, the story feature was expanded to incorporate "Our Stories", which was then changed to "Live Stories" about a year later. The feature allows users on-location at specific events (such as <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music festivals</a> or sporting events) to contribute snaps to a curated story advertised to all users, showcasing a single event from multiple perspectives and viewpoints. These curated snaps provided by the app's contributors and selected for the "Live" section could also be more localized, but Snapchat eventually scaled back the more personal imaging streams in order to emphasize public events.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-recode-storiesmoney-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> An "Official Stories" designation was added in November 2015 to denote the public stories of notable figures and celebrities, similar to <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>'s "Verified account" program.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In January 2015, Snapchat introduced "Discover" an area containing channels of ad-supported short-form content from major publishers, including <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a>, <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Good_Luck_America" title="Good Luck America">Snapchat</a> itself among others.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chowdhry_2015-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Los_Angeles_Times-113">[113]</a> To address data usage concerns related to these functions, a "Travel Mode" option was added in August 2015. When activated, the feature prevents the automatic downloading of snaps until they are explicitly requested by the user.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In October 2016, the app was updated to replace its auto-advance functionality, which automatically moved users from one story to the next, with a "Story Playlist" feature, letting users select thumbnails of users in the list to play only selected stories.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In January 2017, Snapchat revamped its design, adding search functionality and a new global live "Our Story" feature, to which any user can contribute.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In May 2017, Snapchat introduced "Custom Stories", letting users collaboratively make stories combining their captures.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In June 2017, "Snap Map" was introduced, which allows users to optionally share their location with friends. A map display, accessible from the viewfinder, can be used to locate stories based on location data, supporting the use of Bitmoji as place markers. Entering a "Ghost Mode" hides the user from the map.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The function is based on the app Zenly, which was acquired by Snap Inc. prior to its launch.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The map data is supplied from <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mapbox" title="Mapbox">Mapbox</a>, while satellite imagery comes from <a href="/wiki/DigitalGlobe" title="DigitalGlobe">DigitalGlobe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In February 2020, Snapchat released a Discover cartoon series called Bitmoji TV, which will star users' avatars.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Original_video_content">Original video content</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported in May 2017 that <a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc." title="Snap Inc.">Snap Inc.</a>, the company developing Snapchat, had signed deals with <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A&E Networks</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> and other content producers to develop original shows for viewing through Snapchat's "Stories" format. According to the report, Snap hoped to have several new shows available on a daily basis, with each show lasting between three and five minutes, and the company has sent out detailed reports to its partners on how to produce content for Snapchat. Over 2017 and 2018, Snap and partners launched several shows.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> In, 2018 Snapchat and Vertical Networks (Snapchat Publisher Story) created a show called <a href="/wiki/My_Ex-BFF_Court" title="My Ex-BFF Court">My Ex-BFF Court</a>," which is a spoof of daytime-TV fare like the typical <a href="/wiki/Court_show" title="Court show">court shows</a> we watch for example "<a href="/wiki/Divorce_Court" title="Divorce Court">Divorce Court</a>" in which two ex-friends try to fix their problems. Who ever is guilty gets a funny sentence. Each episode is hosted by Judge Matteo Lane who is also known as Matthew Lane.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In 2018, Snapchat / Vertical Networks made a deal with <a href="/wiki/Fox_Television_Stations" title="Fox Television Stations">Fox</a> to make a television version of the <a href="/wiki/Dating_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Dating show">dating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reality_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Reality show">reality show</a> <a href="/wiki/Phone_Swap_(TV_series)" title="Phone Swap (TV series)">Phone Swap</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In 2018, Snapchat got a new show called <a href="/wiki/How_Low_Will_You_Go:_Snapchat_(TV_Series)" class="mw-redirect" title="How Low Will You Go: Snapchat (TV Series)">How Low Will You Go</a> that was created by <a href="/wiki/Above_Average_Productions" title="Above Average Productions">Above Average Productions</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snap_on_smartphone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Snap_on_smartphone.jpg/220px-Snap_on_smartphone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Snap_on_smartphone.jpg/330px-Snap_on_smartphone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Snap_on_smartphone.jpg/440px-Snap_on_smartphone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1811" data-file-height="1986" /></a><figcaption>Example Snapchat "snap" on a smartphone</figcaption></figure> In contrast to other messaging apps, Spiegel described Snapchat's messaging functions as being "conversational", rather than "transactional", as they sought to replicate the conversations he engaged in with friends. Spiegel stated that he did not experience conversational interactions while using the products of competitors like <a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-verge-snapchatchat-56">[56]</a> Rather than a traditional online notification, a blue pulsing "here" button is displayed within the sender's chat window if the recipient is currently viewing their own chat window. When this button is held down, a video chat function is immediately launched.<a href="#cite_note-verge-snapchatchat-56">[56]</a> By default, messages disappear after they are read, and a notification is sent to the recipient only when they start to type.<a href="#cite_note-verge-snapchatchat-56">[56]</a> Users can also use messages to reply to snaps that are part of a story.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The video chat feature uses technology from AddLive—a real-time communications provider that Snapchat acquired prior to the feature's launch.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In regards to the "Here" indicator, Spiegel explained that "the accepted notion of an online indicator that every chat service has is really a negative indicator. It means 'my friend is available and doesn't want to talk to you,' versus this idea in Snapchat where 'my friend is here and is giving you their full attention.'" Spiegel further claimed that the Here video function prevents the awkwardness that can arise from apps that use typing indicators because, with text communication, conversations lose their fluidity as each user tries to avoid typing at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-verge-snapchatchat-56">[56]</a> On March 29, 2016, Snapchat launched a major revision of the messaging functionality known as "Chat 2.0", adding stickers, easier access to audio and video conferencing, the ability to leave audio or video "notes", and the ability to share recent camera photos. The implementation of these features are meant to allow users to easily shift between text, audio, and video chat as needed while retaining an equal level of functionality.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In June 2018, Snapchat added the feature of deleting a sent message (including; audio, video, and text) before it is read.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> A feature introduced in August 2018 allows users to send Musical GIFs, TuneMojis.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In August 2022, Snap Inc. announced it would discontinue all original scripted content with no plans to continue work in this direction.<a href="#cite_note-OriginalsGone-138">[138]</a> In 2023, Snapchat had over 300 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-similarweb2024-7">[7]</a> In 2024, the countries with the most Snapchat users were <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> with 202.5 million users, followed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> with 106.5 million, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> 31.9 million, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 27.5 million and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> 23.1 million.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encryption">Encryption</h3></div> In January 2018, Snapchat introduced the use of end-to-end encryption in the application but only for snaps (pictures and video), according to a Snapchat security engineer presenting at the January 2019 Real World Crypto Conference.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> As of the January 2019 conference Snapchat had plans to introduce end-to-end encryption for text messages and group chats in the future.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_and_multimedia">Business and multimedia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3></div> Snapchat is popular among the younger generations, with most users being between 18 and 24 in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-similarweb2024-7">[7]</a> On the app store, the age classification is 12+.<a href="#cite_note-digiday-demographics-144">[144]</a> In 2014, researchers from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Pacific_University" title="Seattle Pacific University">Seattle Pacific University</a> designed a user survey to help understand how and why the application was being used. The researchers originally hypothesized that due to the ephemeral nature of Snapchat messages, its use would be predominantly for privacy-sensitive content including the much talked about potential use for sexual content and <a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">sexting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> However, it appears that Snapchat is used for a variety of creative purposes that are not necessarily privacy-related at all.<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> In the study, only 1.6% of respondents reported using Snapchat primarily for sexting, although 14.2% admitted to having sent sexual content via Snapchat at some point.<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> These findings suggest that users do not seem to utilize Snapchat for sensitive content. Rather, the primary use for Snapchat was found to be for comedic content such as "stupid faces" with 59.8% of respondents reporting this use most commonly.<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> The researchers also determined how Snapchat users do not use the application and what types of content they are not willing to send. They found that the majority of users are not willing to send content classified as sexting (74.8% of respondents), photos of documents (85.0% of respondents), messages containing legally questionable content (86.6% of respondents), or content considered mean or insulting (93.7% of respondents).<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> The study results also suggested that Snapchat's success is not due to its security properties, but because the users found the application to be fun. The researchers found that users seem to be well-aware (79.4% of respondents) that recovering snaps is possible and a majority of users (52.8% of respondents) report that this does not affect their behavior and use of Snapchat.<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> Many users (52.8% of respondents) were found to use an arbitrary timeout length on snaps regardless of the content type or recipient. The remaining respondents were found to adjust their snaps' timeout depending on the content or the recipient.<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> Reasons for adjusting the time length of snaps included the level of trust and relationship with the recipient, the time needed to comprehend the snap, and avoiding <a href="/wiki/Screenshot" title="Screenshot">screenshots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roesner-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3></div> In the 2010s, Snapchat was seen as a messenger focused more on in-the-moment way sharing and less on the accumulation of permanent material.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Building on this distinction by launching as a mobile-first company, Snapchat, in the midst of the app revolution and the growing presence of cellular communication, did not have to make the transition to mobile in the way other competing social media networks had to do. Evan Spiegel himself described Snapchat as primarily a camera company.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Spiegel also dismissed past comparisons to other social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter when he was asked if the 2016 presidential race was going to be remembered as the Snapchat election, although major candidates did occasionally use the app to reach voters.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Nevertheless, the mobile app offered distinct publication, media, and news content within its Discover channel. Snapchat attempted to distinguish brand content and user-based messaging and sharing.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monetization">Monetization</h3></div> Snapchat's developing features embody a deliberate strategy of <a href="/wiki/Monetization" title="Monetization">monetization</a>. Snapchat announced its then-upcoming advertising efforts on October 17, 2014, when it acknowledged its need for a revenue stream.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The company stated that it wanted to evaluate "if we can deliver an experience that's fun and informative, the way ads used to be, before they got creepy and targeted."<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Snapchat's first paid advertisement, in the form of a 20-second movie trailer for the horror film <a href="/wiki/Ouija_(2014_film)" title="Ouija (2014 film)">Ouija</a>, was shown to users on October 19, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In January 2015, Snapchat began making a shift from focusing on growth to monetization. The company launched its "Discover" feature, which allowed for paid advertising by presenting short-form content from publishers. Its initial launch partners included <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-Chowdhry_2015-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Los_Angeles_Times-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In June 2015, Snapchat announced that it would allow advertisers to purchase sponsored geofilters for snaps; an early customer of the offering was <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, who paid for a branded geofilter covering its restaurant locations in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-tc-sponsoredfilters-83">[83]</a> Snapchat made a push to earn ad revenue from its "Live Stories" feature in 2015, after initially launching the feature in 2014. Ad placements can be sold within a live story, or a story can be pitched by a sponsor. Live stories are estimated to reach an average of 20 million viewers in a 24-hour span.<a href="#cite_note-recode-storiesmoney-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaigns">Campaigns</h3></div> In September 2015, the service entered into a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> to present live stories from selected games (including a Sunday game, and marquee games such as <a href="/wiki/Monday_Night_Football" title="Monday Night Football">Monday Night Football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thursday_Night_Football" title="Thursday Night Football">Thursday Night Football</a>), with both parties contributing content and handling ad sales.<a href="#cite_note-recode-storiesmoney-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The 2015 Internet Trends Report by Mary Meeker highlighted the significant growth of <a href="/wiki/Vertical_video" title="Vertical video">vertical video</a> viewing. Vertical video ads like Snapchat's are watched in their entirety nine times more than landscape video ads.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Gatorade" title="Gatorade">Gatorade</a> came out with an animated filter as part of the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_ads" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Bowl ads">Super Bowl ads</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The dunk lens of Gatorade received 165 million views on Snapchat.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In April 2016, <a href="/wiki/NBC_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Olympics">NBC Olympics</a> announced that it had reached a deal with Snapchat to allow stories from the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a> to be featured on Snapchat in the United States. The content would include a behind-the-scenes Discover channel curated by <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a> (a company which <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> has funded), and stories featuring a combination of footage from NBC, athletes, and attendees. NBC sold advertising and entered into revenue sharing agreements. This marked the first time NBC allowed Olympics footage to be featured on third-party property.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-nbcriosc-160">[160]</a> In May 2016, as part of a campaign to promote <a href="/wiki/X-Men:_Apocalypse" title="X-Men: Apocalypse">X-Men: Apocalypse</a>, <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> paid for the entire array of lenses to be replaced by those based on characters from the <a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a> series and films for a single day.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In July 2016, it was reported that Snapchat had submitted a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> application for the process of using an object recognition system to deliver sponsored filters based on objects seen in a camera view.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Later that year, in September 2016, Snapchat released its first hardware product, called the Spectacles. Evan Spiegel, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Snap_Inc." title="Snap Inc.">Snap Inc.</a>, called it "a toy" but saw it as an upside to freeing his app from smartphone cameras.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In April 2017, <a href="/wiki/Digiday" title="Digiday">Digiday</a> reported that Snapchat would launch a self-service manager for advertising on the platform.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The feature launched the following month, alongside news of a Snapchat Mobile Dashboard for tracking ad campaigns, which rolled out in June to select countries.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Also in 2017, Snapchat introduced a "Snap to Store" advertising tool that lets companies using geostickers to track whether users buy their product or visit their store in a 7-day period after seeing the relevant geosticker.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> On November 13, 2018, Snapchat announced the launch of the Snap Store, where they sell Bitmoji merchandise personalized by avatars from users and their friends. Items for sale include shirts, mugs, shower curtains, and phone cases.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_platform">Development platform</h3></div> In June 2018, Snapchat announced a new third-party development platform known as Snap Kit: a suite of components that allows partners to provide third-party integrations with aspects of the service. "Login Kit" is a <a href="/wiki/Social_login" title="Social login">social login</a> platform that utilizes Snapchat accounts. It was promoted as being more privacy-conscious than competing equivalents, as services are only able to receive the user's display name (and, optionally, a Bitmoji avatar) and are subject to a 90-day inactivity timeout, preventing them from being able to collect any further personal information or <a href="/wiki/Social_graph" title="Social graph">social graphs</a> through their authorization. "Creative Kit" allows apps to generate their own stickers to overlay into Snapchat posts. "Story Kit" can be used to embed and aggregate publicly posted stories (with for example, <a href="/wiki/Bandsintown" title="Bandsintown">Bandsintown</a> using Story Kit to aggregate stories posted by musicians), while "Bitmoji Kit" allows Bitmoji stickers to be integrated into third-party apps.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snap_Originals">Snap Originals</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Snapchat_original_programming" title="List of Snapchat original programming">List of Snapchat original programming</a></div> In response to industry competition from streaming platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, Snapchat announced in late 2018 that it would diversify its content by launching Snap Originals (episodic content including both scripted shows and documentaries).<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In June 2020, Snapchat announced the creation of its first-ever "shoppable" original show called The Drop, which focused on "exclusive streetwear collage" from celebrities and designers. Each episode explored the relationship between the designer and celebrity collaborator. Viewers would learn about the item for sale and how it came together, as well as what time that day the item would go up for sale. Later that day, at the aforementioned time, the episode would be updated with more content that included a "swipe up to buy" action.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> All projects related to original programming were ended in August 2022.<a href="#cite_note-OriginalsGone-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premium_accounts_and_sexual_content">Premium accounts and sexual content</h2></div> In 2014, Snapchat introduced a new feature called Snapcash which spurred its popularity among adult content creators.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Snapchat allows private premium accounts in which users can monetize their content.<a href="#cite_note-auto-176">[176]</a> This feature is mostly used by models to monetize their adult content.<a href="#cite_note-auto-176">[176]</a> Snapchat is increasingly becoming an integral part of the online porn industry.<a href="#cite_note-auto-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2013_hack">December 2013 hack</h3></div> Snapchat was hacked on December 31, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-178">[178]</a> Gibson Security, an Australian security firm, had disclosed an <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> security vulnerability to the company on August 27, 2013,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> and then made public the source code for the exploit on December 25.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> On December 27, Snapchat announced that it had implemented mitigating features.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Nonetheless, an anonymous group hacked them, saying that the mitigating features presented only "minor obstacles".<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The hackers revealed parts of approximately 4.6 million Snapchat usernames and phone numbers on a website named SnapchatDB.info<a href="#cite_note-time-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-mercury-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-187">[187]</a> and sent a statement to the popular technology blog <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a> saying that their objective had been to "raise public awareness... and... put public pressure on Snapchat" to fix the vulnerability.<a href="#cite_note-mercury-186">[186]</a> Snapchat apologized a week after the hack.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Trade_Commission">Federal Trade Commission</h3></div> In 2014, Snapchat settled a complaint made by the <a href="/wiki/US_Federal_Trade_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="US Federal Trade Commission">US Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC). The government agency alleged that the company had exaggerated to the public the degree to which mobile app images and photos could actually be made to disappear. Under the terms of the agreement, Snapchat was not fined, but the app service agreed to have its claims and policies monitored by an independent party for a period of 20 years. The FTC concluded that Snapchat was prohibited from "misrepresenting the extent to which it maintains the privacy, security, or confidentiality of users' information."<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Following the agreement, Snapchat updated its privacy page to state that the company "can't guarantee that messages will be deleted within a specific timeframe."<a href="#cite_note-snapchatprivacy-190">[190]</a> Even after Snapchat deletes message data from their servers, that same data may remain in backup for a certain period of time.<a href="#cite_note-snapchatprivacy-190">[190]</a> In a public blog post, the service warned that "If you've ever tried to recover lost data after accidentally deleting a drive or maybe watched an episode of <a href="/wiki/CSI:_Crime_Scene_Investigation" title="CSI: Crime Scene Investigation">CSI</a>, you might know that with the right forensic tools, it's sometimes possible to retrieve data after it has been deleted."<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> In September 2024, the FTC released a report summarizing 9 company responses (including from Snapchat) to orders made by the agency pursuant to Section 6(b) of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a> to provide information about user and non-user data collection (including of children and teenagers) and data use by the companies that found that the companies' user and non-user data practices put individuals vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">stalking</a>, unlawful discrimination, emotional distress and <a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">mental health issues</a>, social stigma, and reputational harm.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_app">Windows app</h3></div> In November 2014, Snapchat announced a crackdown on third-party apps of its service and their users. Users of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> platform were affected, as Snapchat did not have an official client for it, but numerous third-party apps existed, most popularly one called 6snap. In December, Microsoft was forced to remove 6snap and all other third-party apps of Snapchat from the Windows Phone Store; Snapchat however did not develop an official app for the platform, leaving its users on the platform behind.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> A petition from users requesting an official Snapchat app reached 43,000 signatures in 2015, but the company still refused to respond and to build an app for Windows Phone.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Snapchat was criticized once again later in 2015 when it did not develop an app for Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a> (UWP).<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lens_incidents">Lens incidents</h3></div> In September 2015, an 18-year-old was using a Snapchat feature called "Lens" to record the speed she was driving her <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_C-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz C-Class">Mercedes-Benz C230</a> when she crashed into a <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Outlander" title="Mitsubishi Outlander">Mitsubishi Outlander</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Georgia" title="Hampton, Georgia">Hampton, Georgia</a>. The 107 mph (172 km/h) crash injured both drivers. The driver of the Outlander spent five weeks in <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Intensive care">intensive care</a> while he was treated for severe <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">traumatic brain injury</a>. In April 2016, the Outlander driver sued both Snapchat and the user of Snapchat, alleging that Snapchat knew its application was being used in unlawful speed contests, yet did nothing to prevent such use so is negligent.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In October 2016, a similar collision occurred while a 22-year-old was driving at 115 mph (185 km/h) in Tampa, Florida, killing five people.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Poor_Country"_remark">"Poor Country" remark</h3></div> According to former Snapchat employee Anthony Pompliano in a lawsuit filed against Snap Inc., Spiegel made a statement in 2015 that Snapchat is "only for rich people" and that he does not "want to expand into poor countries like India and Spain".<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The incident sparked a <a href="/wiki/Twitter#Trending_topics" title="Twitter">Twitter trend</a> called "#UninstallSnapchat", in which Indian users uninstalled the app,<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> and caused backlash against the company, including a large number of low "one-star" ratings for the app in the <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play Store</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-star-204">[204]</a> Snapchat's shares fell by 1.5%.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> In response to the allegation, Snapchat called Pompliano's claim "ridiculous", and elaborated that "Obviously Snapchat is for everyone. It's available worldwide to download for free."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-star-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pompliano_lawsuit">Pompliano lawsuit</h3></div> In January 2017, Pompliano filed a state lawsuit accusing Snapchat of doctoring growth metrics with the intention of deceiving investors. Pompliano said that Spiegel was dismissive of his concerns and that Pompliano was fired shortly thereafter. The judge dropped Pompliano's claims that Snapchat violated the Dodd-Frank and Consumer Protection Acts in retaliation against him, citing an arbitration clause in his contract.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> However, Snap Inc. faced blowback over a lack of disclosure regarding the contents of the lawsuit, resulting in plunging stock prices, several class-action lawsuits, and Federal investigations.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Snap_Map"_privacy_concerns">"Snap Map" privacy concerns</h3></div> The June 2017 release of "Snap Map", a feature that broadcasts the user's location on a map, was met with concerns over privacy and safety. The feature, through an opt-in, delivers a message asking if the user would like to show their position on the map, but reportedly does not explain the ramifications of doing so, including that the app updates the user's position on the map each time the app is opened and not just when actively capturing snaps, potentially assisting stalkers. The map can be zoomed in to feature detailed geographical information, such as street addresses.<a href="#cite_note-verge-snap-map-208">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> reported that police forces had issued child safety warnings,<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> while other media publications wrote that safety concerns were also raised for teenagers and adults unaware of the feature's actual behavior.<a href="#cite_note-verge-snap-map-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> In a statement to <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>, a Snapchat spokesperson said that "The safety of our community is very important to us and we want to make sure that all Snapchatters, parents, and educators have accurate information about how the Snap Map works".<a href="#cite_note-verge-snap-map-208">[208]</a> Users have the ability to operate in "Ghost Mode", or select the friends that they wish to share their location with. Although there has been an increase in advertising on Snapchat, Snapchat has stated that they do not plan on running ads on Snap Map stories. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rihanna_controversy">Rihanna controversy</h3></div> In March 2018, an advertisement containing a poll about <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> was posted stating, "Would you rather punch <a href="/wiki/Chris_Brown" title="Chris Brown">Chris Brown</a> or slap Rihanna?"<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Rihanna <a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">tweeted</a> that Snapchat was "insensitive to domestic violence victims" and urged fans to delete Snapchat.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body_image_concerns">Body image concerns</h3></div> The increased use of body and facial reshaping applications such as Snapchat and <a href="/wiki/Facetune" title="Facetune">Facetune</a> has been identified as a potential cause of <a href="/wiki/Body_dysmorphic_disorder" title="Body dysmorphic disorder">body dysmorphic disorder</a>. In August 2018, researchers from the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Medical_Center" title="Boston Medical Center">Boston Medical Center</a> wrote in a <a href="/wiki/JAMA_Facial_Plastic_Surgery" title="JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery">JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery</a> essay that a phenomenon they called '<a href="/wiki/Snapchat_dysmorphia" title="Snapchat dysmorphia">Snapchat dysmorphia</a>' had been identified, where people request surgery to look like the edited version of themselves as they appear through Snapchat Filters.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snapchat_employees_abused_data_access_to_spy_on_users">Snapchat employees abused data access to spy on users</h3></div> In May 2019, it was revealed that multiple Snapchat employees used an internal tool called SnapLion, originally designed to gather data in compliance with law enforcement requests, to spy on users.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozilla_calls_for_public_disclosures_related_to_use_of_A.I.">Mozilla calls for public disclosures related to use of A.I.</h3></div> Citing "vague, broad language" in Snapchat's privacy policy, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation" title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla</a> issued a September 2019 petition calling for public disclosures related to the app's use of facial <a href="/wiki/Emotion_recognition" title="Emotion recognition">emotion recognition</a> technology.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> When reached for comment by <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>, representatives for Snapchat declined to share a public response.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revenge_porn">Revenge porn</h3></div> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">2020 lockdown</a> to inhibit the spread of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the app emerged as a hub for the dissemination of <a href="/wiki/Revenge_porn" title="Revenge porn">revenge porn</a> of underage girls.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Some users have also reported that perpetrators of revenge porn have utilized explicit images to seek sexual favors or powers over individuals.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> In 2020, a woman in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> sued Snapchat (as well as dating app <a href="/wiki/Tinder_(app)" title="Tinder (app)">Tinder</a> and the five men named in the attack<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a>), claiming features of the app enabled her alleged rapist and his friends to hide evidence of the rape. In particular, the suit alleges that "because of the ways Snapchat is and has been designed, constructed, marketed, and maintained, [the woman's assailants] were able to send these nonconsensual, pornographic photographs and videos of [her] with little to no threat of law enforcement verifying that they did so."<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The woman told the court that parent company Snap Inc. "specifically and purposely designed, constructed, and maintained Snapchat to serve as a secretive and nefarious communications platform that encourages, solicits, and facilitates the creation and dissemination of illicit and non-consensual sexually explicit content...and allowed Snapchat to operate as a safe-haven from law enforcement."<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sale_of_fake_pills">Sale of fake pills</h3></div> In December 2022, the <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Prevention_Council" title="National Crime Prevention Council">National Crime Prevention Council</a> wrote U.S. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> urging the Justice Department to examine Snaps business practices related to the sale of fake pills containing lethal amounts the synthetic opioid fentanyl.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Less than a month later, it was widely reported that the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> launched a probe into the company and the sale of fake pills.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illinois_biometric_data_lawsuit">Illinois biometric data lawsuit</h3></div> Snapchat was the subject of a class action lawsuit from the state of Illinois, alleging that the company violated the <a href="/wiki/Biometric_Information_Privacy_Act" title="Biometric Information Privacy Act">Biometric Information Privacy Act</a> by collecting and storing biometric data on Illinois residents who used the app's filters and lenses without providing a written explanation on why the data was recorded and what its term of storage would be. The company opted to settle the lawsuit with a $35 million payout.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grooming">Grooming</h3></div> In November 2024, British children's charity the <a href="/wiki/NSPCC" title="NSPCC">NSPCC</a> reported that according to statistics provided to them by the police, that the most popular app amongst online groomers was Snapchat.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snapchat_Speed_Filter_Crashes">Snapchat Speed Filter Crashes</h3></div> In September 2015, Christal McGee was driving her Mercedes-Benz C230 in Georgia when she collided with a Mitsubishi Outlander at 107 mph.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The high-speed crash severely injured the driver of the Mitsubishi, Wentworth Maynard, who required five weeks of intensive care and was left with a permanent brain injury. In April 2016, Maynard sued both McGee and Snapchat, claiming that McGee was using the Snapchat “speed filter” at the time of the crash. The lawsuit further alleged that Snapchat negligently allowed the feature despite knowing it encouraged dangerous speeding.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In March 2022, the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that Snapchat must face claims that it defectively designed the “speed filter” application.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In May 2017, a group of teens in Wisconsin used Snapchat's "speed filter" to capture their car's speed as it reached 123 mph on a rural road. Moments later, the vehicle crashed into a tree, killing all three occupants.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> In May 2019, the families of two passengers, Hunter Morby and Landen Brown, filed a lawsuit against Snapchat, alleging that the company knew the filter encouraged reckless speeding among young users but failed to restrict its use. The case, Lemmon v. Snap, led to a landmark legal precedent. In May 2021, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act–which typically shields tech companies from liability for content created by users–did not bar the families' claims. The court distinguished between protecting platforms from liability for user-generated content and protecting them from liability for negligent product design, finding that the speed filter was a feature Snapchat itself had created.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> This decision allowed the case to proceed, marking a significant precedent for holding tech companies accountable for the design of their products. In 2021, Snap Inc. settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed amount. In June 2021, a month after the 9th Circuit ruling, Snapchat removed the “speed filter”, citing its limited use for its removal.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> The decision came after mounting pressure from safety advocates, legal experts, and families affected by crashes allegedly linked to the feature. Critics had long argued that the filter incentivized reckless behavior, particularly among young and impressionable drivers, and called for stronger accountability from social media companies to prioritize user safety.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Snapchat" title="Censorship of Snapchat">Censorship of Snapchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cross-platform_instant_messaging_clients" title="Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients">Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instagram_face" title="Instagram face">Instagram face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picsart" title="Picsart">Picsart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purikura" class="mw-redirect" title="Purikura">Purikura</a>, Japanese photo sticker booths which had earlier used Snapchat-like filters<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrr" title="Sobrr">Sobrr</a>, another mobile application which deletes content after a specified time</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_(app)" title="Yo (app)">Yo (app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubo" title="Yubo">Yubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_social_media" title="Timeline of social media">Timeline of social media</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-c05cd1c6c19e1250501de9d7558a034ec867d57f-v18-1"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c05cd1c6c19e1250501de9d7558a034ec867d57f-v18_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snapchat.en.uptodown.com/android">"Get the latest version: 13.31.1.0; 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December 29, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307123203/https://techcrunch.com/2019/12/28/bitmoji-tv-snapchat/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2020. 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Retrieved October 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Snapchat+Video+Shows+Driver+Speeding+at+115+mph+Before+Deadly+Crash&rft.date=2016-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnightly-news%2Fvideo%2Fsnapchat-video-shows-driver-speeding-at-115-mph-before-deadly-crash-797737027663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnapchat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wfla.com/news/snapchat-video-clocks-car-going-115-mph-before-deadly-hillsborough-crash/">"SnapChat video clocks car going 115 mph before deadly Hillsborough crash"</a>. WFLA. 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The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Snap+can+be+sued+over+speed+filter%E2%80%99s+role+in+fatal+crash%2C+court+rules&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft.aulast=Denham&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2021%2F05%2F05%2Fsnapchat-speed-filter-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnapchat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2021" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Ian Carlos (June 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/17/22538688/snapchat-speed-filter-removal-car-accidents">"Snap removes speed filter linked to reckless driving lawsuits"</a>. The Verge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Snap+removes+speed+filter+linked+to+reckless+driving+lawsuits&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Ian+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F6%2F17%2F22538688%2Fsnapchat-speed-filter-removal-car-accidents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnapchat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllyn2021" class="citation news cs1">Allyn, Bobby (June 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007385955/snapchat-ends-speed-filter-that-critics-say-encouraged-reckless-driving">"Snapchat Ends 'Speed Filter' That Critics Say Encouraged Reckless Driving"</a>. NPR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Snapchat+Ends+%27Speed+Filter%27+That+Critics+Say+Encouraged+Reckless+Driving&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft.aulast=Allyn&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F06%2F17%2F1007385955%2Fsnapchat-ends-speed-filter-that-critics-say-encouraged-reckless-driving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnapchat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/07/03/526005241/video-japans-purikura-photo-booths-offer-snapchat-like-filters">"Video: Japan's 'Purikura' Photo Booths Offer Snapchat-Like Filters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. July 3, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915052649/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/07/03/526005241/video-japans-purikura-photo-booths-offer-snapchat-like-filters">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Video%3A+Japan%27s+%27Purikura%27+Photo+Booths+Offer+Snapchat-Like+Filters&rft.date=2017-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fparallels%2F2017%2F07%2F03%2F526005241%2Fvideo-japans-purikura-photo-booths-offer-snapchat-like-filters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnapchat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/gallery/20181119-why-playing-puri-was-the-precursor-for-snapchat">"How 'playing Puri' paved the way for Snapchat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. November 23, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124011838/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/gallery/20181119-why-playing-puri-was-the-precursor-for-snapchat">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+%27playing+Puri%27+paved+the+way+for+Snapchat&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fworklife%2Fgallery%2F20181119-why-playing-puri-was-the-precursor-for-snapchat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnapchat" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKosoff2015" class="citation web cs1">Kosoff, Maya (February 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-millennials-use-snapchat-2015-2">"2 dozen millennials explain why they're obsessed with Snapchat and how they use it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE">Axel Springer SE</a>. Retrieved April 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=2+dozen+millennials+explain+why+they%27re+obsessed+with+Snapchat+and+how+they+use+it&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft.aulast=Kosoff&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwhy-millennials-use-snapchat-2015-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASnapchat" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lynton" title="Michael Lynton">Michael Lynton</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Spiegel" title="Evan Spiegel">Evan Spiegel</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Murphy_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby Murphy (businessman)">Bobby Murphy</a> (CTO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emily_White_(businessperson)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emily White (businessperson)">Emily White</a> (COO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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(American TV series)">Class of Lies</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V/H/S" title="V/H/S">V/H/S</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Up_Bhabie" title="Bringing Up Bhabie">Bringing Up Bhabie</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/While_Black_with_MK_Asante" title="While Black with MK Asante">While Black with MK Asante</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continuations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Girl_Code" title="Girl Code">Girl Code</a> (2017–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Cribs" title="MTV Cribs">MTV Cribs</a> (2016–18)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_networking_services248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networking services</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_networking_services" title="List of social networking services">Personal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23snaps" title="23snaps">23snaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amikumu" title="Amikumu">Amikumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anobii" title="Anobii">anobii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Are.na" title="Are.na">Are.na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badoo" title="Badoo">Badoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeReal" title="BeReal">BeReal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluesky" title="Bluesky">Bluesky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BharatMatrimony" title="BharatMatrimony">BharatMatrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondee" title="Bondee">Bondee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumble" title="Bumble">Bumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara_(app)" title="Cara (app)">Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapper_(service)" title="Clapper (service)">Clapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubhouse_(app)" title="Clubhouse (app)">Clubhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoz" title="Convoz">Convoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyworld" title="Cyworld">Cyworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_(social_network)" title="Display (social network)">display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douban" title="Douban">Douban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draugiem.lv" title="Draugiem.lv">Draugiem.lv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foursquare_City_Guide" title="Foursquare City Guide">Foursquare City Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Swarm" title="Foursquare Swarm">Foursquare Swarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendica" title="Friendica">Friendica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gapo" title="Gapo">Gapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_(app)" title="Gas (app)">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_social" title="GNU social">GNU social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi5" title="Hi5">Hi5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hive_Social" title="Hive Social">Hive Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huddles_(app)" title="Huddles (app)">Huddles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idka" title="Idka">Idka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC-Galleria" title="IRC-Galleria">IRC-Galleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaishou" title="Kuaishou">Kuaishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumu_(social_network)" title="Kumu (social network)">Kumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterboxd" title="Letterboxd">Letterboxd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likee" title="Likee">Likee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveJournal" title="LiveJournal">LiveJournal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeevansathi.com" title="Jeevansathi.com">Jeevansathi.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimony.com" title="Matrimony.com">Matrimony.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(app)" title="Marco Polo (app)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meet_Group" title="The Meet Group">The Meet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meetup" title="Meetup">Meetup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeWe" title="MeWe">MeWe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaopai" title="Miaopai">Miaopai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro.blog" title="Micro.blog">micro.blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixi" title="Mixi">Mixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Player#MX_TakaTak" title="MX Player">MX TakaTak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_World@Mail.Ru" title="My World@Mail.Ru">My World@Mail.Ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myspace" title="Myspace">Myspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextdoor" title="Nextdoor">Nextdoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odnoklassniki" title="Odnoklassniki">Odnoklassniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peach_(social_network)" title="Peach (social network)">Peach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinterest" title="Pinterest">Pinterest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixnet" title="Pixnet">Pixnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleroma_(software)" title="Pleroma (software)">Pleroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurk" title="Plurk">Plurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promo.com" title="Promo.com">Promo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qzone" title="Qzone">Qzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readgeek" title="Readgeek">Readgeek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaohongshu" title="Xiaohongshu">RedNote/Xiaohongshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renren" title="Renren">Renren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaadi.com" title="Shaadi.com">Shaadi.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShareChat" title="ShareChat">ShareChat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Snapchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_(app)" title="Snow (app)">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaces_(social_network)" title="Spaces (social network)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagged_(website)" title="Tagged (website)">Tagged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Canal" title="Tal Canal">Tal Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellonym" title="Tellonym">Tellonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinder_(app)" title="Tinder (app)">Tinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triller_(app)" title="Triller (app)">Triller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuenti" title="Tuenti">Tuenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Time" title="TV Time">TV Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>/<a href="/wiki/X_(social_media_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="X (social media platform)">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untappd" title="Untappd">Untappd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_(app)" title="Vero (app)">Vero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weibo" title="Weibo">Weibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisper_(app)" title="Whisper (app)">Whisper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yik_Yak" title="Yik Yak">Yik Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_network_service" title="Professional network service">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behance" title="Behance">Behance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainly" title="Brainly">Brainly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Connections" title="HCL Connections">HCL Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodle" title="Moodle">Moodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaborate" title="Solaborate">Solaborate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viadeo" title="Viadeo">Viadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XING" title="XING">XING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_social_networking_services" title="List of defunct social networking services">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App.net" title="App.net">App.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsianAve" title="AsianAve">AsianAve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ask.fm" title="Ask.fm">Ask.fm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatars_United" title="Avatars United">Avatars United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebo" title="Bebo">Bebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(website)" title="Bolt (website)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BranchOut" title="BranchOut">BranchOut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capazoo" title="Capazoo">Capazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloob" title="Cloob">Cloob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohost" title="Cohost">Cohost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EConozco" title="EConozco">eConozco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmodo" title="Edmodo">Edmodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ello_(social_network)" title="Ello (social network)">Ello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emojli" title="Emojli">Emojli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWorld" title="EWorld">eWorld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyegroove" title="Eyegroove">Eyegroove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitFinder" title="FitFinder">FitFinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Reunited" title="Friends Reunited">Friends Reunited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendster" title="Friendster">Friendster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Google Buzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(social_app)" title="Google Currents (social app)">Google Currents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grono.net" title="Grono.net">Grono.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heello" title="Heello">Heello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_(social_network)" title="Hello (social network)">Hello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlight_(application)" title="Highlight (application)">Highlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houseparty_(app)" title="Houseparty (app)">Houseparty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyves" title="Hyves">Hyves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IdeaPlane" title="IdeaPlane">IdeaPlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Ping" title="ITunes Ping">iTunes Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWiW" title="IWiW">iWiW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiku" title="Jaiku">Jaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keek" title="Keek">Keek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koo_(social_network)" title="Koo (social network)">Koo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeknot" title="Lifeknot">Lifeknot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunarStorm" title="LunarStorm">LunarStorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me2day" title="Me2day">Me2day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat_(app)" title="Meerkat (app)">Meerkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miiverse" title="Miiverse">Miiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MixBit" title="MixBit">MixBit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobli" title="Mobli">Mobli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugshot_(website)" title="Mugshot (website)">Mugshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiply_(website)" title="Multiply (website)">Multiply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical.ly" title="Musical.ly">Musical.ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natter_(social_network)" title="Natter (social network)">Natter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlog" title="Netlog">Netlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NK.pl" title="NK.pl">NK.pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkut" title="Orkut">Orkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_(social_network)" title="Path (social network)">Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(service)" title="Periscope (service)">Periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheed" title="Pheed">Pheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piczo" title="Piczo">Piczo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetAll" title="PlanetAll">PlanetAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterous" title="Posterous">Posterous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pownce" title="Pownce">Pownce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaiku" title="Qaiku">Qaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciencescape" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciencescape">Sciencescape</a> (Metaα)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixDegrees.com" title="SixDegrees.com">SixDegrees.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrock_(social_network_site)" title="Skyrock (social network site)">Skyrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So.cl" title="So.cl">So.cl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify_Live" title="Spotify Live">Spotify Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring.me" title="Spring.me">Spring.me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetlife_(website)" title="Streetlife (website)">Streetlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudiVZ" title="StudiVZ">StudiVZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfbook" title="Surfbook">Surfbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkbits" title="Talkbits">Talkbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taringa!" title="Taringa!">Taringa!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbh" title="Tbh">tbh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Community" title="Tea Party Community">Tea Party Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Voice" title="Third Voice">Third Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tout_(company)" title="Tout (company)">Tout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe.net" title="Tribe.net">tribe.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvtag" title="Tvtag">tvtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_(service)" title="Vine (service)">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Spaces" title="Windows Live Spaces">Windows Live Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wretch_(website)" title="Wretch (website)">Wretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanga" title="Xanga">Xanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_360%C2%B0" title="Yahoo 360°">Yahoo! 360°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Kickstart" title="Yahoo Kickstart">Yahoo! Kickstart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Mash" title="Yahoo Mash">Yahoo! Mash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Meme" title="Yahoo Meme">Yahoo! Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_(app)" title="Yo (app)">Yo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_social_networking_software" title="Comparison of social networking software">Software comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-label_product" title="White-label product">White-label</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ning_(website)" title="Ning (website)">Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall.fm" title="Wall.fm">Wall.fm</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_analysis_software" title="Social network analysis software">Analysis software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0_Suicide_Machine" title="Web 2.0 Suicide Machine">Web 2.0 Suicide Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_inequality" title="Attention inequality">Attention inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_page" title="Confessions page">Confessions page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersectarianism" title="Cybersectarianism">Cybersectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fediverse" title="Fediverse">Fediverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_identity" title="Online identity">Online identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-world_experiment" title="Small-world experiment">Small-world experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-world_network" title="Small-world network">Small-world network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">Social network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirst_trap" title="Thirst trap">Thirst trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_profile" title="User profile">User profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">Virtual community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_communities_with_more_than_1_million_users" title="List of virtual communities with more than 1 million users">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_service" title="Hospitality exchange service">Hospitality exchange service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_dating" title="Online dating">Online dating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_online_dating_services" title="Comparison of online dating services">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_advertising" title="Social network advertising">Social network advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_hosting_service" title="Social network hosting service">Social network hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_profiling" title="Social profiling">Social profiling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_page" title="Brand page">Brand page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_(online_social_networking)" title="Group (online social networking)">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_button" title="Like button">Like button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_petition" title="Online petition">Online petitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-access_poll" title="Open-access poll">Polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_(social_media)" title="Story (social media)">Story</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issues_relating_to_social_networking_services" title="Issues relating to social networking services">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_social_networking_services" title="Privacy concerns with social networking services">Privacy concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problematic_social_media_use" title="Problematic social media use">Problematic social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_social_network_websites_in_investigations" title="Use of social network websites in investigations">Use in investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_in_politics" title="Social media use in politics">Use in politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_social_network_service_use" title="Gender differences in social network service use">User gender differences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT_Protocol" title="AT Protocol">AT Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Social_Networking_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized Social Networking Protocol">Decentralized Social Networking Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Social_Networking_Protocol" title="Distributed Social Networking Protocol">Distributed Social Networking Protocol</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostr" title="Nostr">Nostr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSocial" title="OpenSocial">OpenSocial</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OStatus" title="OStatus">OStatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump.io" title="Pump.io">Pump.io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Instant_messaging199" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Instant_messaging" title="Template:Instant messaging"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Instant_messaging" title="Template talk:Instant messaging"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Instant_messaging" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Instant messaging"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Instant_messaging199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_instant_messaging_protocols" title="Comparison of instant messaging protocols">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Data_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed Data Protocol">DDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_Messaging_and_Presence_Protocol" title="Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol">IMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_(protocol)" title="Matrix (protocol)">Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTProto" class="mw-redirect" title="MTProto">MTProto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Protocol" title="Signal Protocol">Signal Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Message_Session_Relay_Protocol" title="Message Session Relay Protocol">MSRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMPLE_(instant_messaging_protocol)" title="SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)">SIMPLE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tox_(protocol)" title="Tox (protocol)">Tox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_(protocol)" title="Jingle (protocol)">Jingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave_Federation_Protocol" title="Google Wave Federation Protocol">WFP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyr_(protocol)" title="Zephyr (protocol)">Zephyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notification_Protocol" title="Microsoft Notification Protocol">MSNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCAR_protocol" title="OSCAR protocol">OSCAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TOC_protocol" title="TOC protocol">TOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_protocol" title="Skype protocol">Skype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_(software)" title="Band (software)">Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBM_Enterprise" title="BBM Enterprise">BBM Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeper_(software)" title="Beeper (software)">Beeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BiP_(software)" title="BiP (software)">BiP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DingTalk" title="DingTalk">DingTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discord" title="Discord">Discord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_(software)" title="Element (software)">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chat" title="Google Chat">Google Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Meet" title="Google Meet">Google Meet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Messages" title="Google Messages">Google Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupMe" title="GroupMe">GroupMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilded" title="Guilded">Guilded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGap" title="IGap">iGap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imo.im" title="Imo.im">Imo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instagram#Instagram_Direct" title="Instagram">Instagram Direct Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jio#Jio_apps" title="Jio">JioChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongla" title="Jongla">Jongla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KakaoTalk" title="KakaoTalk">KakaoTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kik_Messenger" title="Kik Messenger">Kik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lark_(software)" title="Lark (software)">Lark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libon_(service)" title="Libon (service)">Libon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_(software)" title="Line (software)">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(app)" title="Marco Polo (app)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattermost" title="Mattermost">Mattermost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Kids" title="Messenger Kids">Messenger Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palace_(computer_program)" title="The Palace (computer program)">The Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandes_(software)" title="Sandes (software)">Sandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_(software)" title="Session (software)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShareChat" title="ShareChat">ShareChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(software)" title="Signal (software)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Snapchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_(app)" title="Snow (app)">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_Live" title="Tango Live">Tango Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textfree" title="Textfree">Textfree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threema" title="Threema">Threema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viber" title="Viber">Viber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickr" title="Wickr">Wickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Online_Festival" title="The World's Online Festival">WOLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Video_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoom Video Communications">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulip" title="Zulip">Zulip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clients (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cross-platform_instant_messaging_clients" title="Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single protocol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu Hi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBM_Enterprise" title="BBM Enterprise">BBM Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briar_(software)" title="Briar (software)">Briar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_(software)" title="Element (software)">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadu-Gadu" title="Gadu-Gadu">Gadu-Gadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupMe" title="GroupMe">GroupMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Sametime" title="HCL Sametime">HCL Sametime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMVU" title="IMVU">IMVU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_(software)" title="Jami (software)">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongla" title="Jongla">Jongla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linphone" title="Linphone">Linphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricochet_(software)" title="Ricochet (software)">Ricochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_(software)" title="Session (software)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(software)" title="Signal (software)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tox_(protocol)" title="Tox (protocol)">Tox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickr" title="Wickr">Wickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_(software)" title="Wire (software)">Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Online_Festival" title="The World's Online Festival">WOLF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-protocol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adium" title="Adium">Adium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayttm" title="Ayttm">Ayttm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeper_(application)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beeper (application)">Beeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitlBee" title="BitlBee">BitlBee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centericq" title="Centericq">Centericq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBuddy" title="EBuddy">eBuddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitsi" title="Jitsi">Jitsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopete" title="Kopete">Kopete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_NG" title="Miranda NG">Miranda NG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbuzz" title="Nimbuzz">Nimbuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_(software)" title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finch_(software)" title="Finch (software)">Finch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Telepathy" title="KDE Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP (Jabber)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChatSecure" title="ChatSecure">ChatSecure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_(software)" title="Conversations (software)">Conversations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajim" title="Gajim">Gajim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_(instant_messaging_client)" title="Psi (instant messaging client)">Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(XMPP_client)" title="Spark (XMPP client)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkabber" title="Tkabber">Tkabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xabber" title="Xabber">Xabber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notification_Protocol" title="Microsoft Notification Protocol">MSNP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_instant_messaging_platforms" title="List of defunct instant messaging platforms">List of defunct instant messaging platforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backchannel" title="Backchannel">Backchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chat_log" title="Chat log">Chat log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">Chatbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit (software)">Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_user_features_of_messaging_platforms" title="Comparison of user features of messaging platforms">Comparison of user features of messaging platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_list" title="Contact list">Contact list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstClass" title="FirstClass">FirstClass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(messaging_service)" title="Flock (messaging service)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuze_(company)" title="Fuze (company)">Fuze Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall.com">Hall.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_messenger" title="LAN messenger">LAN messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">Online chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presence_information" title="Presence information">Presence information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glip" class="mw-redirect" title="Glip">RingCentral Glip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">SMS language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_message_(instant_messaging)" title="Status message (instant messaging)">Status message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Report" title="U-Report">U-Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Engage" title="Viva Engage">Viva Engage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">Webcam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_on_demand_services328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:VOD_services" title="Template:VOD services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:VOD_services" title="Template talk:VOD services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:VOD_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:VOD services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_on_demand_services328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a> services</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free or <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand#Advertising_video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">ad-supported</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7plus" title="7plus">7plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Now" title="9Now">9Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10Play" title="10Play">10Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_iview" title="ABC iview">ABC iview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abema" title="Abema">Abema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_miniTV" title="Amazon miniTV">Amazon miniTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Player" title="MX Player">MX Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Studios" title="Angel Studios">Angel Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte Boutique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibili" title="Bilibili">Bilibili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_(Bangladeshi_streaming_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)">Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioscope_(Live_TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioscope (Live TV)">Bioscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_BD" title="Bongo BD">Bongo BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBC_Television#CBC_Gem" title="CBC Television">CBC Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONtv" title="CONtv">CONtv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSpace" title="CSpace">CSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network#Other_CTV-branded_channels" title="CTV Television Network">CTV Movies / Throwback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW#CW_Seed" title="The CW">CW Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERTFLIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Watch" title="Facebook Watch">Facebook Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_at_Home" title="Fandango at Home">Fandango at Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">France·tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globoplay" title="Globoplay">Globoplay Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haystack_News" title="Haystack News">Haystack News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoopla_(digital_media_service)" title="Hoopla (digital media service)">Hoopla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ici_TOU.TV" title="Ici TOU.TV">Ici TOU.TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWantTFC" title="IWantTFC">iWantTFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyn_(streaming_platform)" title="Joyn (streaming platform)">Joyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanopy" title="Kanopy">Kanopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemino" title="Lemino">Lemino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libreflix" title="Libreflix">Libreflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Now" title="Local Now">Local Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeWATCH" class="mw-redirect" title="MeWATCH">meWATCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediaset_Infinity" title="Mediaset Infinity">Mediaset Infinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Player" title="MX Player">MX Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My5" class="mw-redirect" title="My5">My5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ora_TV" title="Ora TV">Ora TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PictureBox_Films" title="PictureBox Films">PictureBox Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plex_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plex (software)">Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPTV" title="PPTV">PPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RaiPlay" title="RaiPlay">RaiPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Player" title="RTÉ Player">RTÉ Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTI" title="RCTI">RCTI+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roku_Channel" title="The Roku Channel">The Roku Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE_Play" title="RTVE Play">RTVE Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_TV" title="Red Bull TV">Red Bull TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revry" title="Revry">Revry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_On_Demand" title="SBS On Demand">SBS On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid_(streaming_platform)" title="Shahid (streaming platform)">Shahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shout!_Factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Shout! Factory">Shout! Factory TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_TV#Features_and_availability" title="Sling TV">Sling Freestream</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Snapchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spuul" title="Spuul">Spuul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVT_Play" title="SVT Play">SVT Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirr" title="Stirr">Stirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThreeNow" title="ThreeNow">ThreeNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffee_(streaming_service)" title="Toffee (streaming service)">Toffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toon_Goggles" title="Toon Goggles">Toon Goggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Media_Prima#REV_Media_Group" title="List of assets owned by Media Prima">tonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubi" title="Tubi">Tubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVer_(streaming_service)" title="TVer (streaming service)">TVer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvigle" title="Tvigle">Tvigle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ%2B" title="TVNZ+">TVNZ+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puhutv" title="Puhutv">tvyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C Clic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_(streaming_service)" title="U (streaming service)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viddsee" title="Viddsee">Viddsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidio" title="Vidio">Vidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viki_(streaming_service)" title="Viki (streaming service)">Viki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Play" title="Virgin Media Play">Virgin Media Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision%2B" title="Vision+">Vision+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vix_(streaming_service)" title="Vix (streaming service)">ViX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voddler" title="Voddler">Voddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xfinity_Streampix" title="Xfinity Streampix">Xfinity Streampix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xite" title="Xite">XITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xumo" title="Xumo">Xumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YuppTV" title="YuppTV">YuppTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_streaming_media_services" title="List of streaming media services">Subscription -based</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abema" title="Abema">Abema Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acorn_TV" title="Acorn TV">Acorn TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aha_(streaming_service)" title="Aha (streaming service)">Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemiya" title="Alchemiya">Alchemiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allblk" title="Allblk">Allblk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALTBalaji" title="ALTBalaji">ALTBalaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC%2B" title="AMC+">AMC+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameba_TV" title="Ameba TV">Ameba TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANT1#ANT1+" title="ANT1">ANT1+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Peoples_Television_Network" title="Aboriginal Peoples Television Network">APTN Lumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atresplayer" title="Atresplayer">Atresplayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Select_(streaming_service)" title="BBC Select (streaming service)">BBC Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_(streaming_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beacon (streaming service)">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentkey" title="Bentkey">Bentkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET%2B" title="BET+">BET+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_(streaming_service)" title="Binge (streaming service)">Binge (Australian streaming service)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_(Bangladeshi_streaming_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)">Binge (Bangladeshi streaming service)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioscope_(Live_TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioscope (Live TV)">Bioscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BluTV" title="BluTV">BluTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BritBox" title="BritBox">BritBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_BD" title="Bongo BD">Bongo BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV#Brown_Sugar" title="Bounce TV">Brown Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(streaming_service)" title="Canal+ (streaming service)">Canal+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorki" title="Chorki">Chorki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vid%C3%A9otron#Club_illico" title="Vidéotron">Club illico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_More_Entertainment" title="C More Entertainment">C More Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crave_(streaming_service)" title="Crave (streaming service)">Crave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection#Video-on-demand_services" title="The Criterion Collection">Criterion Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_Stream" title="Curiosity Stream">Curiosity Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">DailyWire+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery%2B" title="Discovery+">Discovery+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B_Hotstar" title="Disney+ Hotstar">Hotstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(Disney%2B)" title="Star (Disney+)">Star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-anime_Store" title="D-anime Store">d-anime Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMM.com" title="DMM.com">DMM TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madman_Entertainment#DocPlay" title="Madman Entertainment">DocPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropout_(media_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropout (media company)">Dropout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros_Now" title="Eros Now">Eros Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETV_Win" title="ETV Win">ETV Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandor" title="Fandor">Fandor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floatplane_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Floatplane Media">Floatplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmin" title="Filmin">Filmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Nation" title="Fox Nation">Fox Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxtel_Now" title="Foxtel Now">Foxtel Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Channel" title="France Channel">France Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GagaOOLala" title="GagaOOLala">GagaOOLala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globoplay" title="Globoplay">Globoplay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canais_Globo" class="mw-redirect" title="Canais Globo">+ live channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_Telecine#Video_on_demand_services" title="Rede Telecine">Telecine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Pure_Flix" title="Great American Pure Flix">Great American Pure Flix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayu_(streaming_service)" title="Hayu (streaming service)">Hayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidive" title="Hidive">Hidive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Channel" title="History Channel">History Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu_Japan" title="Hulu Japan">Hulu Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iflix" title="Iflix">Iflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQIYI" title="IQIYI">iQIYI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemino" title="Lemino">Lemino Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediaset_Infinity" title="Mediaset Infinity">Infinity+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irokotv" title="Irokotv">Irokotv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWantTFC" title="IWantTFC">iWantTFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kocowa" title="Kocowa">Kocowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_TV" title="Mango TV">Mango TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Means_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Means TV">Means TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeWatch" title="MeWatch">meWATCH Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mola_(streaming_service)" title="Mola (streaming service)">Mola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Trend_(TV_network)" title="Motor Trend (TV network)">Motor Trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubi_(streaming_service)" title="Mubi (streaming service)">Mubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_(streaming_service)" title="Nebula (streaming service)">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_(service)" title="Neon (service)">Neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Flight_Plus" title="Night Flight Plus">Night Flight Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_(streaming_service)" title="Now (streaming service)">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OceanVeil" title="OceanVeil">OceanVeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OutTV_(Canadian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="OutTV (Canadian TV channel)">OutTVGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantaya" title="Pantaya">Pantaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Passport" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Passport">PBS Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL%2B" title="RTL+">RTL+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid_(streaming_platform)" title="Shahid (streaming platform)">Shahid VIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showmax" title="Showmax">Showmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudder_(streaming_service)" title="Shudder (streaming service)">Shudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkyShowtime" title="SkyShowtime">SkyShowtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_TV" title="Sling TV">Sling TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SonyLIV" title="SonyLIV">SonyLIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core" title="Sony Pictures Core">Sony Pictures Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacetoon" title="Spacetoon">Spacetoon Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_(streaming_service)" title="Stan (streaming service)">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starz" title="Starz">Starz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struum" title="Struum">Struum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SundanceNow" class="mw-redirect" title="SundanceNow">SundanceNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_NXT" title="Sun NXT">Sun NXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAPP_TV" title="TAPP TV">TAPP TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telasa" title="Telasa">Telasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roku_Channel" title="The Roku Channel">The Roku Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIMvision" title="TIMvision">TIMvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffee_(streaming_service)" title="Toffee (streaming service)">Toffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toku_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toku (TV network)">Toku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Play" title="TV 2 Play">TV 2 Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVING" title="TVING">TVING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Next" title="U-Next">U-Next</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-Next#Paravi" title="U-Next">Paravi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstream_PH" title="Upstream PH">Upstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaplay" title="Viaplay">Viaplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidAngel" title="VidAngel">VidAngel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videoland_(Netherlands)" title="Videoland (Netherlands)">Videoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidio" title="Vidio">Vidio Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision%2B" title="Vision+">Vision+ Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viu_(streaming_service)" title="Viu (streaming service)">Viu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVVVID" title="VVVVID">VVVVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vix_(streaming_service)" title="Vix (streaming service)">ViX Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyo" title="Voyo">Voyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Teaching_Company" title="The Teaching Company">Wondrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_Video" title="Tencent Video">WeTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOW_Presents_Plus" title="WOW Presents Plus">WOW Presents Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xite" title="Xite">XITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yippee_TV" title="Yippee TV">Yippee TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youku" title="Youku">Youku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">YouTube Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZEE5" title="ZEE5">ZEE5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand#Transactional" title="Video on demand">Rental or purchase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLsite" title="DLsite">DLsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_at_Home" title="Fandango at Home">Fandango at Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">FandangoNOW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(service)" title="Google TV (service)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Video">Huawei Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Microsoft Movies & TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_eShop" title="Nintendo eShop">Nintendo eShop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten_TV" title="Rakuten TV">Rakuten TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Store" title="Sky Store">Sky Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core" title="Sony Pictures Core">Sony Pictures Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wondrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Wondrium"> The Great Courses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube Movies & Shows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_TV" title="All Japan Pro Wrestling TV">All Japan Pro Wrestling TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B/R_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="B/R Live">B/R Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeIN_Sports" title="BeIN Sports">beIN Sports Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Japan Pro Wrestling Core">Big Japan Pro Wrestling Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAZN" title="DAZN">DAZN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven_Sports" title="Eleven Sports">Eleven Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN%2B" title="ESPN+">ESPN+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosport" title="Eurosport">Eurosport Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanseat" title="Fanseat">Fanseat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanatiz" title="Fanatiz">Fanatiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FloSports" title="FloSports">FloSports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuboTV" title="FuboTV">FuboTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_Club" title="Honor Club">Honor Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact Plus">IMPACT! +Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayo_Sports" title="Kayo Sports">Kayo Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laola1" title="Laola1">Laola1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB.tv" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB.tv">MLB.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_League_Pass" title="NBA League Pass">NBA League Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBL_TV" title="NBL TV">NBL TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Japan_Pro-Wrestling_World" title="New Japan Pro-Wrestling World">New Japan Pro-Wrestling World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Game_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL Game Pass">NFL Game Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier Football">Premier Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSoccer" title="OneSoccer">OneSoccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sport_(New_Zealand)#Sky_Sport_Now" title="Sky Sport (New Zealand)">Sky Sport Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsnet" title="Sportsnet">Sportsnet Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Stan Sport">Stan Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Sports" title="T Sports">T Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triller_TV" title="Triller TV">Triller TV</a> <ul><li><a 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