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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pre-modern/non-Western heritage sports</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the general concept of "traditional" physical sports (as opposed to <a href="/wiki/E-sports" class="mw-redirect" title="E-sports">e-sports</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mind_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Mind sports">mind sports</a>), see <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kabaddi_Game_play(2273574).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kabaddi_Game_play%282273574%29.jpg/197px-Kabaddi_Game_play%282273574%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kabaddi_Game_play%282273574%29.jpg/296px-Kabaddi_Game_play%282273574%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kabaddi_Game_play%282273574%29.jpg/394px-Kabaddi_Game_play%282273574%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">traditional Indian game</a> which has become increasingly popular around the world.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Traditional sports and games</b> (often abbreviated <b>TSG</b>) are physical activities which were played for centuries by people around the world before the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_of_sports" title="Globalization of sports">advent of modern Western sports</a>. Many TSGs lost popularity or died off during the colonial era due to the imposition and spread of <a href="/wiki/Western_sports" title="Western sports">Western sports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further decline has occurred in the post-colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> promotes TSG as a form of "<a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">intangible cultural heritage</a>", and has a dedicated TSG Advisory Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four Collective Consultation Meetings have been held so far by UNESCO, with the fourth Collective Consultation in 2018 gathering more than 82 participants from 40 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UNESCO played a pivotal role in founding the International Council of Traditional Sports and Games (ICTSG) in 2018. Khalil Ahmed Khan was appointed as the president, and <a href="/wiki/Shammi_Rana" title="Shammi Rana">Shammi Rana</a> assumed the position of Secretary General, with the 14th of August being declared the International Day of Traditional Sports and Games.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TSG has been linked to the way in which various peoples followed religious duties and promoted social cooperation along with a better understanding of their relationship to nature;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TSG is also seen as a possible way to increase intercultural dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_sports_and_games&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_sport" title="History of sport">History of sport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_sports_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Indian sports at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Indian sports at the 1936 Summer Olympics</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Asian_Games_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2014_Asian_Games_3.jpg/90px-2014_Asian_Games_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2014_Asian_Games_3.jpg/135px-2014_Asian_Games_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2014_Asian_Games_3.jpg/180px-2014_Asian_Games_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a>, a traditional Southeast Asian sport, being played at the <a href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Games" title="2014 Asian Games">2014 Asian Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Incheon,_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Incheon, Korea">Incheon, Korea</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the colonial era, resistance to and influence from Western sports resulted in the standardisation and introduction of organised competition for several <a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_South_Asia" title="Traditional games of South Asia">traditional South Asian games</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">kabaddi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 18th century onwards, researchers have taken a greater interest in the value of traditional games in elucidating cultural values and identities. The modern <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> were influenced by this thinking, and were founded by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a> on the basis of "All games, all nations", though this aspect of the Olympics was never fully realised and quickly faded away after a few years, with mainly only Western sports being played. In some European countries, the revival of traditional games has served as a way for regional identities to be expressed in a political or educational way.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1970's onwards, global attention and institutionalization has taken place to preserve TSG.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TSG has been increasingly accepted into international multi-sport events such as the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/SEA_Games" title="SEA Games">SEA Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TSG_events">TSG events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_sports_and_games&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: TSG events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One significant event for traditional sports is the African Traditional Sports and Games Multi-Event, scheduled to take place in <a href="/wiki/Swakopmund" title="Swakopmund">Swakopmund, Namibia</a>, from June 21 to June 30, 2026. This event, organized through a partnership between The Dome Namibia and Chief Michael Shamsu Mustapha of the African Traditional Sports and Games Confederation (ATSGC), aims to showcase and preserve Africa’s traditional sports and games under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Shammi_Rana" title="Shammi Rana">Shammi Rana</a> of the International Council of Traditional Sports and Games (ICTSG) It will feature various traditional sports and cultural performances, emphasizing the importance of these practices in African heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2027, the Jammu and Kashmir Council of Traditional Sports and Games (JKCTSG), in collaboration with the Association of Traditional Sports and Games, India (ATSGI) and the International Council of Traditional Sports and Games (ICTSG), has proposed to host the inaugural Asian Traditional Sports and Games in Jammu and Kashmir, India. This event is expected to bring together athletes from across Asia, showcasing a variety of traditional sports from different regions. The event aims to promote cultural heritage through traditional sports, in alignment with UNESCO’s mission of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. The proposal, spearheaded by Tarsem Sharma, President of JKCTSG and Vice President of ATSGI, reflects ICTSG's broader goal of global traditional sports promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2028, Zimbabwe will host the Traditional Sports and Games Multi-Event Festival. The event, organized by the Zimbabwe Traditional Sports and Games Federation (ZTSGF) in partnership with the African Traditional Sports and Games Confederation (ATSGC), will feature a variety of traditional African sports, such as ball games, combat sports, dances, and water sports. The festival aims to promote cultural heritage and strengthen unity across Africa. It will take place in several cities, including Harare, Victoria Falls, and Bulawayo. This festival aligns with UNESCO's efforts to safeguard traditional sports and games, highlighting their cultural importance globally.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_sports_and_games&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnosport" title="Ethnosport">Ethnosport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Indigenous_Games" title="World Indigenous Games">World Indigenous Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_games" title="List of children's games">List of children's games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_sports_and_games&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLengPyunLin2023" class="citation journal cs1">Leng, Ho Keat; 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The YMCA and physical-education schemes in late-colonial South Asia (<i>circa</i>1900–40)"</a>. <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>. <b>53</b> (2): 512–559. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0026749x17000300">10.1017/s0026749x17000300</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-749X">0026-749X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149530821">149530821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Fitness+for+Modernity%3F+The+YMCA+and+physical-education+schemes+in+late-colonial+South+Asia+%28circa1900%E2%80%9340%29&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=512-559&rft.date=2018-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149530821%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-749X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0026749x17000300&rft.aulast=Fischer-Tin%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0026749x17000300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+sports+and+games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardmanGreen2011" class="citation book cs1">Hardman, Ken; Green, Ken (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sVK7BN7q-bsC&pg=PA162"><i>Contemporary Issues in Physical Education: International Perspectives</i></a>. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84126-312-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84126-312-0"><bdi>978-1-84126-312-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Issues+in+Physical+Education%3A+International+Perspectives&rft.pub=Meyer+%26+Meyer+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84126-312-0&rft.aulast=Hardman&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Green%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsVK7BN7q-bsC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+sports+and+games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000088574">"The Come-back of traditional sports and games"</a>. <i>unesdoc.unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesdoc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=The+Come-back+of+traditional+sports+and+games&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000088574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+sports+and+games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFService_(KOCIS)" class="citation web cs1">Service (KOCIS), Korean Culture and Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=121842">"Some sports only available at Asian Games : Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea"</a>. <i>www.korea.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nbcnews.na&rft.atitle=MTC+Dome+bid+to+host+African+traditional+sports+and+games+%7C+nbc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.na%2Fnode%2F106304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+sports+and+games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExcelsior2024" class="citation web cs1">Excelsior, Daily (2024-09-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/jkctsg-proposes-to-host-inaugural-session-of-asian-traditional-sports-2027/">"JKCTSG proposes to host inaugural session of Asian Traditional Sports 2027"</a>. <i>Daily Excelsior</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Excelsior&rft.atitle=JKCTSG+proposes+to+host+inaugural+session+of+Asian+Traditional+Sports+2027&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft.aulast=Excelsior&rft.aufirst=Daily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyexcelsior.com%2Fjkctsg-proposes-to-host-inaugural-session-of-asian-traditional-sports-2027%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+sports+and+games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herald.co.zw/zim-to-host-african-traditional-sports-games/#:~:text=THE%20Zimbabwe%20Traditional%20Sports%20and%20Games%20Federation%20are,International%20Council%20of%20Traditional%20Sports%20and%20Games%20%28ICTSG%29.">"Zimbabwe will host the 2nd African Traditional Sports and Games in 2028"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+will+host+the+2nd+African+Traditional+Sports+and+Games+in+2028.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herald.co.zw%2Fzim-to-host-african-traditional-sports-games%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTHE%2520Zimbabwe%2520Traditional%2520Sports%2520and%2520Games%2520Federation%2520are%2CInternational%2520Council%2520of%2520Traditional%2520Sports%2520and%2520Games%2520%2528ICTSG%2529.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+sports+and+games" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Afghanistan" title="Traditional games of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Brazil" title="Traditional games of Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_China" title="Traditional games of China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Cuba" title="Traditional games of Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Traditional games of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Fiji">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Indonesia" 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Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Qatar">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_South_Africa" title="Traditional games of South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Traditional games of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Venezuela" title="Traditional games of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional 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