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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wappen_Kreis_Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke_%28sw%29.jpg/153px-Wappen_Kreis_Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke_%28sw%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wappen_Kreis_Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke_%28sw%29.jpg/230px-Wappen_Kreis_Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke_%28sw%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wappen_Kreis_Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke_%28sw%29.jpg/306px-Wappen_Kreis_Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke_%28sw%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1665" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The coat of arms of the German district of <a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">Minden-Lübbecke</a> in coloured and hatched versions.</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:156px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/148px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="148" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/222px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/296px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:156px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States_(monochrome).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States_%28monochrome%29.svg/156px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States_%28monochrome%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States_%28monochrome%29.svg/234px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States_%28monochrome%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States_%28monochrome%29.svg/312px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States_%28monochrome%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The coat of arms of the United States in a coloured and hatched version.</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Hatching</b> (sometimes called <i>hachure</i>, from the French word) is a conventional system for monochrome denotation of <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldic</a> armory, whereby the <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">tinctures</a> (colours) are represented by dots and lines. This technique is employed in cases where colours, for either aesthetic, practical or economic reasons are not reproduced – e.g. on surfaces such as <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a> or <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seals</a> and coins. </p><p>Several systems of hatchings were developed during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Tricking" title="Tricking">tricking</a>, the earlier method of indicating heraldic tinctures by use of written <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviations</a>. The present day hatching system was developed during the 1630s by <a href="/wiki/Silvester_Petra_Sancta" title="Silvester Petra Sancta">Silvester Petra Sancta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vulson_de_la_Colombi%C3%A8re" title="Marcus Vulson de la Colombière">Marcus Vulson de la Colombière</a>. Some earlier hatching methods were also developed, but did not come into wide use. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tricking" title="Tricking">Tricking</a> is an alternative method which has the same purpose as hatching. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conventional_system">Conventional system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Conventional system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Historical and present conventional <a class="mw-selflink selflink">hatching systems</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatching_table" title="Template:Hatching table"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hatching_table" title="Template talk:Hatching table"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hatching_table" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hatching table"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Class </th> <th colspan="2">Metals </th> <th colspan="5">Colours </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Stain_(heraldry)" title="Stain (heraldry)">Stains</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tincture</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a> (white) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a> (gold) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gules_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gules (heraldry)">Gules</a> (red) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">Sable</a> (black) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a> (blue) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">Vert</a> (green) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Purpure" title="Purpure">Purpure</a> (purple) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murrey" title="Murrey">Murrey</a> (mulberry) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanguine_(heraldry)" title="Sanguine (heraldry)">Sanguine</a> <span class="nowrap">(blood-red)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenn%C3%A9" title="Tenné">Tenné</a> (tawny) </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <td style="background:white"> </td> <td style="background:gold"> </td> <td style="background:red"> </td> <td style="background:black"> </td> <td style="background:blue"> </td> <td style="background:green"> </td> <td style="background:purple"> </td> <td style="background:#8b004b"> </td> <td style="background:FireBrick"> </td> <td style="background:#c67000"> </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th>Present conventional system </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="11">Historical systems </th></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Jan Baptist Zangrius</a> 1600 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Franquart" title="Jacob Franquart">Jacob Franquart</a> 1623 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Butkens" title="Christophe Butkens">Christophe Butkens</a> 1626 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Silvester_Petra_Sancta" title="Silvester Petra Sancta">Silvester Petra Sancta</a> 1634 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th>"<a href="/wiki/Juan_Caramuel_y_Lobkowitz" title="Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz">Caramuel</a>" 1636 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 4px, transparent 4px, transparent 5px, white 5px,white 10px), repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Silvester_Petra_Sancta" title="Silvester Petra Sancta">Silvester Petra Sancta</a> 1638, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vulson_de_la_Colombi%C3%A8re" title="Marcus Vulson de la Colombière">Marcus Vulson de la Colombière</a> 1639 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Juan_Caramuel_y_Lobkowitz" title="Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz">Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz</a> 1639–1642 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 2.5px, white 2.5px, white 8.5px, transparent 8.5px, transparent 10px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 2.5px, transparent 2.5px, transparent 3.5px, white 3.5px, white 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Rouck" title="Thomas de Rouck">Thomas de Rouck</a> 1645 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Gelenius" title="Aegidius Gelenius">Aegidius Gelenius</a> 1645 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Segoing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Segoing (page does not exist)">Charles Segoing</a> 1654 </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genesis">Genesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gelenius_vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_t%C3%A1bla_1645._p._121.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gelenius_vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_t%C3%A1bla_1645._p._121.PNG/220px-Gelenius_vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_t%C3%A1bla_1645._p._121.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gelenius_vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_t%C3%A1bla_1645._p._121.PNG/330px-Gelenius_vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_t%C3%A1bla_1645._p._121.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Gelenius_vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_t%C3%A1bla_1645._p._121.PNG 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Hatching table of <a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Gelenius" title="Aegidius Gelenius">Aegidius Gelenius</a>, published 1645</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zangrius_wapenkaartt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Zangrius_wapenkaartt.jpg/220px-Zangrius_wapenkaartt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Zangrius_wapenkaartt.jpg/330px-Zangrius_wapenkaartt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Zangrius_wapenkaartt.jpg/440px-Zangrius_wapenkaartt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="1786" /></a><figcaption>The original of the armorial chart of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Jan Baptist Zangrius</a> from the Helmond archive (1600)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hatching" title="Hatching">Hatching</a> developed as a method of screening used by <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> painters. For <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">copperplate engravers</a> and artists such as <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Zangrius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Franquart" title="Jacob Franquart">Franquart</a>, it served as a natural method to designate heraldic tinctures. Copper plate engravers faced difficulties producing coloured illustrations. The first tests of colour copperplate engravings were done by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perrier_(painter)" title="François Perrier (painter)">François Perrier</a> around the middle of the 17th century. According to some views, however, multi-coloured copperplate engravings were invented by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bosse" title="Abraham Bosse">Abraham Bosse</a>, as described in his 1645 treatise. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zangrius_kaart_arceringg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zangrius_kaart_arceringg.jpg/100px-Zangrius_kaart_arceringg.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zangrius_kaart_arceringg.jpg/150px-Zangrius_kaart_arceringg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zangrius_kaart_arceringg.jpg/200px-Zangrius_kaart_arceringg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="1724" /></a><figcaption>Hatching table of Zangrius (1600)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Herald" title="Herald">Heralds</a> did not like hatching,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> gave preference to <a href="/wiki/Tricking_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricking (heraldry)">tricking</a> even beyond the 17th century. Tricking was a simpler and quicker way than hatching to designate the tinctures. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Titan_von_Hefner" class="extiw" title="de:Otto Titan von Hefner">Otto Titan von Hefner</a> maintained that the first traces of hatching on the woodcuts began during the 15th and 16th centuries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Both tricking and hatching were applied by the Benedictine monk, philologist and historian <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Borghini" title="Vincenzo Borghini">Vincenzo Borghini</a> (1515–1580). He drew a difference between metals and colours of arms on his woodcuts by leaving the places for metals blank; similarly, all colours were hatched the same way the colour vert is today. Besides this, tinctures were designated in the fields and on the ordinaries and charges by tricking: <i>R</i> for <i>rosso</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a>), <i>A</i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a></i>, <i>N</i> for <i>nigro</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">sable</a>), <i>G</i> for <i>gialbo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a>), and <i>B</i> for <i>biancho</i> (<a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a>). <a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">Vert</a> was not represented among his works.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphics" title="Graphics">graphics</a> advanced greatly in the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> during the 15th–18th centuries. For this reason, different hatching methods emerged in the system of <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a> in these territories (mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>), such as the methods of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Zangrius</a> (1600), <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Franquart" title="Jacob Franquart">Franquart</a> (1623), <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Butkens" title="Christophe Butkens">Butkens</a> (1626), and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Rouck" title="Thomas de Rouck">de Rouck</a> (1645). The four other authors to produce hatching systems in the 17th century – <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vulson_de_la_Colombi%C3%A8re" title="Marcus Vulson de la Colombière">de la Colombière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvester_Petra_Sancta" title="Silvester Petra Sancta">Petra Sancta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Gelenius" title="Aegidius Gelenius">Gelenius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Caramuel_y_Lobkowitz" title="Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz">Lobkowitz</a> – also had close connection with heraldists and artists in these territories. </p><p>The earliest hatching system was developed by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Jan Baptist Zangrius</a>, a copperplate engraver, publisher, typographer and bookseller from <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>, in 1600. The hatching systems of Petra Sancta and de la Colombière differed from Zangrius's method only in their hatchings of the colour Sable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispute_of_Petra_Sancta_and_de_la_Colombière"><span id="Dispute_of_Petra_Sancta_and_de_la_Colombi.C3.A8re"></span>Dispute of Petra Sancta and de la Colombière</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dispute of Petra Sancta and de la Colombière"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corbelletti_1639.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Corbelletti_1639.png/220px-Corbelletti_1639.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Corbelletti_1639.png/330px-Corbelletti_1639.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Corbelletti_1639.png/440px-Corbelletti_1639.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Example of hatching on the title page of a book printed in 1639 by Francesco Corbelletti</figcaption></figure> <p>The primacy of developing a hatching method belongs undoubtedly to <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Zangrius</a>. In comparison to his system, <a href="/wiki/Silvester_Petra_Sancta" title="Silvester Petra Sancta">Petra Sancta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vulson_de_la_Colombi%C3%A8re" title="Marcus Vulson de la Colombière">de la Colombière</a> made only minor changes to Zangrius' system such as different hatching for the colour <a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">Sable</a>. It seems that de la Colombière preceded Petra Sancta and the armorial chart of Zangrius published in French could possibly be known to him pretty well. The artists from the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> (where by all probability the heraldic hatching systems were invented), that is to say from the neighbouring territories to France, visited <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> very often. </p><p>We have only some fragmental data about the life of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vulson_de_la_Colombi%C3%A8re" title="Marcus Vulson de la Colombière">Marcus Vulson de la Colombière</a>. He visited Paris in 1618, but by all probability, until 1635 he was staying in Grenoble as he was a royal counselor in the Dauphiné parliament. He also published a book in the spirit of the <a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> that year. Colombière's ideas suited the king's taste too, as a result he departed <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> and settled in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, where he devoted his entire energy to study heraldry. His next book was published in Paris in 1638. He had wide-ranging correspondence with the most renowned heraldists of his time. For this reason, it could perhaps be concluded that de la Colombière was right in claiming the title of the inventor of the hatching system, and accusing Petra Sancta of copying his method and incorrectly publishing it in his 1638 work (<i>Tesserae gentilitiae</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> 1638), one year before the same hatching system was published by de la Colombière (<i>Recueil de plusieurs pièces et figures d'armoiries...</i>, Paris 1639). However, the earlier book of Petra Sancta from 1634 had a hatching table as well. On page 37 of his title <i>La Science Heroїque</i> (1644), Colombière maintains that Petra Sancta simply copied his system without any changes. De la Colombière also mentions the book publishers and copperplate <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravers</a> as the users of the hatching system.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ottfried_Neubecker" title="Ottfried Neubecker">Ottfried Neubecker</a> maintains that the hatching system in heraldry was invented by de la Colombière and not Petra Sancta who only popularized the system through his second treatise titled <i>Tesserae gentilitiae</i>, published in 1638.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On the other hand, it is also true that Silvester Petra Sancta provided though preliminary, comprehensive studies on his heraldic work in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and that it is very likely that he was acquainted with the idea of hatching and the earlier existing hatching methods from the Dutch engravers before he developed his own hatching system. He was the confessor of the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Carafa_(1581%E2%80%931655)" title="Pier Luigi Carafa (1581–1655)">Pier Luigi Carafa</a> (1581–1655). Between 1624 and 1634, Petra Sancta stayed with his lord in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> where he fought against the rising <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> through his sermons and religious discussions, including through two of his emblematic books published in 1634 and 1638, respectively. Later he settled down in Rome and published his famous treatise on heraldry there, but during the late 1620s and the early 1630s he stayed in the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> and the neighbouring territories. In 1634 he published his first book touching the topic of heraldry, containing a hatching table, and his main heraldic work with a coherent hatching system was published in 1638 in Rome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contribution_of_engravers_to_development">Contribution of engravers to development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contribution of engravers to development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the data from the Plantin-Moretus archive, the emblems in Petra Sancta's 1634 book were initially prepared by artist-engravers in the service of the Jesuit monks, and then redone by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Pauwels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Pauwels (page does not exist)">André Pauwels</a> (Andries Pauli, 1600–1639) between December 1631 and June 1634 for <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Moretus" class="mw-redirect" title="Balthasar Moretus">Balthasar Moretus</a> (1574–1641). The allegorical title page of this book was prepared by <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a>. Petra Sancta's 1638 book was published by Francesco Corbelletti in Rome. </p><p>The woodcuts from one of Corbelletti's publications (Giovanni Antonio Brandi, <i>Cronologia de' sommi pontefici</i> ...., Rome: Francesco Corbelletti, 1627) are good examples of stripping applied for screening. One of the woodcuts (no. 152) in the book even shows a kind of a screening with hatching. Moreover, the arms on the title page of one of Corbelletti's 1639 <i>La perfettione del cavallo</i> (Francesco Liberati,... Rome: Per gli Heredi di Francesco Corbelletti) already use a complete example of heraldic hatching. That means Corbelletti adopted the heraldic hatching system in the very next year after Petra Sancta's 1638 system. If we consider the time needed to prepare the engravings and the approval by the <a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">censure</a>, Corbelletti must have known Petra Sancta's system even before 1638. </p><p>Thus it is obvious that Petra Sancta got the model for his system from the illustrators and publishers of his books in the Low Countries. It is possible that these engravers also knew at least two earlier hatching systems: Zangrius' in 1600 and Francquart's in 1623. The techniques might have even been carried forward by the <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guilds</a> of engravers one after another. Certainly, Petra Sancta must have at least held consultations with the engravers who were preparing illustrations for his books to explain his concept or to develop a coherent method to designate tinctures by mutual agreement. </p><p>Designation of tinctures by hatching requires copperplate engravings, as the tiny areas in the escutcheons need lines more closely spaced than woodcuts can produce. And copperplate engraving was the most developed form of hatching in the Low Countries, especially in Antwerp, while until the 1630s it was almost unknown in some other countries, including Paris. So heraldic hatching was developed as a result of the cooperation between heraldists and copperplate engravers and artists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_systems">Other systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BARCZA~1.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/BARCZA~1.PNG/220px-BARCZA~1.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/BARCZA~1.PNG/330px-BARCZA~1.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/BARCZA~1.PNG 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of hatching systems, published by Oszkár Bárczay in Budapest, 1897 (n.b.:'Pegoing' is a typographical error for 'Segoing'. Colors in Hungarian: gold, silver, red, blue, green, black, purple, iron.)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Rouck_sz%C3%ADnjel%C3%B6l%C3%A9si_t%C3%A1bl%C3%A1ja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/De_Rouck_sz%C3%ADnjel%C3%B6l%C3%A9si_t%C3%A1bl%C3%A1ja.png/220px-De_Rouck_sz%C3%ADnjel%C3%B6l%C3%A9si_t%C3%A1bl%C3%A1ja.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/De_Rouck_sz%C3%ADnjel%C3%B6l%C3%A9si_t%C3%A1bl%C3%A1ja.png/330px-De_Rouck_sz%C3%ADnjel%C3%B6l%C3%A9si_t%C3%A1bl%C3%A1ja.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/De_Rouck_sz%C3%ADnjel%C3%B6l%C3%A9si_t%C3%A1bl%C3%A1ja.png/440px-De_Rouck_sz%C3%ADnjel%C3%B6l%C3%A9si_t%C3%A1bl%C3%A1ja.png 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption>Hatching table of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Rouck" title="Thomas de Rouck">Thomas de Rouck</a> (1645)</figcaption></figure> <p>The French heraldist Imbert de la Phalecque and his Italian counterpart Goffredo di Crollanza claimed that the work of <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_l%27Espinoy" title="Philippe de l'Espinoy">Philippe de l'Espinoy</a> was the first one that adopted the hatching system applied in the blazon. His two-volume book was published in <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a> in 1631 and in 1632 respectively. (A facsimile of l’Espinoy's book titled <i>Recherche des antiquités et noblesse de Flandre</i> was published in 1972.) This city, now in France, was then part of <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. The illustrations in this book include 1,121 <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">standards</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Device_(seal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Device (seal) (page does not exist)">seals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Armorial_bearings" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial bearings">armorial bearings</a>, on wood, besides 58 copperplate illustrations that at first sight appear to have hatchings. If one however compares these "hatchings" with the descriptions, then one finds out that there isn't any system in it at all. For instance Gules is alternately indicated by horizontal or vertical or diagonal lines or is left blank. It seems l'Espinoy considered lines and dots merely as a sort of artistic additions which he put in at random. There is no hatching table at all. </p><p>Most other known hatching systems also originated in the Low Countries. The tiny hatching table of the above-mentioned <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Franquart" title="Jacob Franquart">Jacob Franquart</a>, to be found in his <i>Pompa funebris Alberti Pii Austriaci</i> (1623), was the earliest hatching method after Zangrius. The Cistercian abbot from Antwerp and historian and genealogist <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Butkens" title="Christophe Butkens">Christophe Butkens</a> also developed his own system, but it was used by him in an inconsequent way which led to the misunderstandings and the resultant sudden disappearance of this system. The hatching table of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Rouck" title="Thomas de Rouck">Thomas de Rouck</a> was radically different from that of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Zangrius</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Gelenius" title="Aegidius Gelenius">Aegidius Gelenius</a> was one of the most respected <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> historians of his time. He developed a late hatching system but it did not gain popularity. Gelenius was deeply influenced by Petra Sancta and both the men met personally several times in Cologne. Gelenius also studied the coats of arms and antiquities of the Rhenish nobility in the territory neighboring the Low Countries. However, Gelenius’ hatching system is identical only at two points with Petra Sancta, indicating that he consciously tried to develop an independent system but failed to make a serious cut, or it can also indicate that Petra Sancta's system was not yet fully developed when they met in Cologne. If this is true, it makes certain the primacy of de la Colombière as the inventor of the hatching system. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Segoing_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Segoing_16.jpg/150px-Segoing_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Segoing_16.jpg/225px-Segoing_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Segoing_16.jpg/300px-Segoing_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Hatching table of Charles Segoing (1660 edition)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_rendster,_Filippo_Bonanni_1711._142.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_rendster%2C_Filippo_Bonanni_1711._142.jpg/220px-Vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_rendster%2C_Filippo_Bonanni_1711._142.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_rendster%2C_Filippo_Bonanni_1711._142.jpg/330px-Vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_rendster%2C_Filippo_Bonanni_1711._142.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_rendster%2C_Filippo_Bonanni_1711._142.jpg/440px-Vonalk%C3%A1z%C3%A1si_rendster%2C_Filippo_Bonanni_1711._142.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="4081" /></a><figcaption>Hatching table of <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Bonanni" title="Filippo Bonanni">Filippo Bonanni</a>, 1711<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The last hatching method was developed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Segoing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Segoing (page does not exist)">Charles Segoing</a>, a French heraldist and royal historian in 1654 (<i>Armorial universel, contenant les armes des principales maisons de l'Europe</i>. Paris, 1654). His system is similar to the method of Petra Sancta. On the table X of his work, Otto Titan von Hefner published still another system of hatching from 1639, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Juan_Caramuel_y_Lobkowitz" title="Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz">Lobkowitz</a>. (On page 49, footnote 4 Hefner names his source as Rietstap's Handboek der Wapenkunde, p. 96.) His book titled <i>Philippus Prudens</i> contains as many as 27 engraved <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portraits</a> of the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">kings</a>, among them several with hatched <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, but there is no hatching table at all. However, in his earlier book from 1636 we can really find a hatching table. (One of the book censors was <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Butkens" title="Christophe Butkens">Christophe Butkens</a>.) </p><p>In 1632 Lobkowitz was sent to the Low Countries where he became a renowned preacher and missionary. His first book <i>Steganographia ars orthographia</i> was published in 1636 in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> when he was a <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a> University – the same city where <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Zangrius" title="Jan Baptist Zangrius">Jan Baptist Zangrius</a> was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled <i>Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta</i> printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled <i>Philippus Prudens</i> containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Moretus" class="mw-redirect" title="Balthasar Moretus">Balthasar Moretus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>. The coats of arms were engraved by <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Galle_the_Younger" title="Cornelis Galle the Younger">Cornelis Galle the Younger</a>, after the drawings of <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Quellinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus Quellinus II">Erasmus Quellinus the Younger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, 1607 – Antwerp, 1678), a <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Baroque painter">Flemish Baroque painter</a>, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neefs" title="Jacob Neefs">Jacob Neefs</a> (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christoffel_Plantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Christoffel Plantin">Christoffel Plantin</a> (1520–1589), grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Moretus" class="mw-redirect" title="Balthasar Moretus">Balthasar Moretus</a>, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time. Moretus was also a close friend to <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a> who made several illustrations for the company's publications. This company also published a work by <a href="/wiki/Justus_Lipsius" title="Justus Lipsius">Justus Lipsius</a> in 1604 using the same portrait of Lipsius that was engraved by Zangrius in 1601. Zangrius had also some Parisian connections. The Parisian Book Society knew several representatives of a number of leading engravers originating from the Netherlands, for instance, the famous <a href="/wiki/Jodocus_Badius" title="Jodocus Badius">Jodocus Badius</a> (1462–1535) from Asse, and the not-so-famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Lodoicus_Tiletanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Lodoicus Tiletanus (page does not exist)">Johannes Lodoicus Tiletanus</a> (1566–1581) from Tielt. He started off as a corrector at Badius, married the sister-in-law of Badius' daughter Madeleine and became an uncle to Petrus Zangrius. </p><p>In 1711, <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Bonanni" title="Filippo Bonanni">Filippo Bonanni</a> published another hatching system, which has distinct hatching for the tincture Argent and the color white. His marking of the tincture Or is a slightly different as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_tinctures">Additional tinctures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Additional tinctures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Out of these systems, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Titan_von_Hefner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Titan von Hefner (page does not exist)">Otto Titan von Hefner</a> published some further hatching methods at table X of his above cited book, presenting hatching methods for some additional <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">tinctures</a> as well. Some additional tinctures had already appeared in the theory of heraldry in the early 15th century, which were then soon applied in practice. The German jurist and heraldist <a href="/wiki/Eucharius_Gottlieb_Rink" title="Eucharius Gottlieb Rink">Eucharius Gottlieb Rink</a> (1670–1746) introduced hatching for the gray (<i>Eisen</i> = iron) and <a href="/wiki/Proper_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper (heraldry)">proper</a> (<i>Naturfarbe</i>). These hatchings (<i>natürlichen Farbe, Eisenfarbe</i>) were presented by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gatterer" title="Johann Christoph Gatterer">Gatterer</a> as well. He maintained that the first one is needless, but the second one has its own importance, because he had noticed himself that old armorials produced by heralds, at least in Germany, also made a difference between iron-colour (<i>Eisenfarbe</i>) and the white colour (<i>weisse Farbe</i>), when they omit the term <i>Argent</i>. He also recommended to study the work by <a href="/wiki/Johann_David_K%C3%B6hler" title="Johann David Köhler">Johann David Köhler</a> titled <i>Programma de auctoribus incisurarum</i>, to learn about the origin of hatchings.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German heraldist <a href="/wiki/Christian_Samuel_Theodor_Bernd" title="Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd">Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd</a> (1775–1854) introduced hatching for some other tinctures such as <i>Umbra</i> (sienne, earth-color), <i>Rotgelb</i> (yellow-red, orange), <i>Stahlblau</i> (steel blue) and <i>Blutfarbe</i> (sanguine).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Besides the traditional metals, <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a> (gold) and <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a> (silver), some other metals like <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, etc. also emerged over the years. Hatching for <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (<i>ferro</i>) and steel (<i>acciaio</i>) were introduced by two Italian heraldists Guelfi Camaini and Goffredo di Crollanza, but these were rarely used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The heraldic furs (<a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">ermine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vair" title="Vair">vair</a>) do not need a special hatching method, as they have a special pattern that is easily recognizable even on the uncoloured illustrations. Nevertheless, there existed two heraldic furs that had their own hatchings. Also, there are in use (mainly in the Czech heraldic literature) furs like zibeline and marten. The colour and hatching for zibeline is the same as the sable (black) tincture, and the colour and hatching of marten is identical with the gules (red) tincture. So, in some countries these tinctures are also held as furs (mainly in the Czech heraldic traditions, but not in real use, and sometimes also in the German heraldry, which is also not in real use today).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Zibeline (in German <i>Zobelfell</i>, in Czech <i>sobol</i>, and in Hungarian <i>coboly</i>) was already used in the ancient times of heraldry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Minnes%C3%A4nger" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesänger">minnesängers</a> applied the word <i>Zobelfell</i> for the black tincture, and the arms of the count von Zollern also contained zibeline (<i>Zobelfell</i>). The colour and hatching of marten (in German <i>Marderfell</i>, in Czech <i>kunina</i>, and in Hungarian <i>nyest</i>) is identical with the red (gules) tincture<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The origin of the word <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a> is from the Medieval <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i>gula</i>, which means the mouth of a carnivorous <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a>, and in some cases the goules are made of the marten fur (one text says goules de martre). Maybe its reddish tint came to the heraldry from the fur of pine marten.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the poem of <a href="/wiki/Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Konrad von Würzburg">Konrad von Würzburg</a> we can read <i>kelen rôt</i> (line 985) transformed into modern German as <i>pelzrot</i>. (Furthermore, we can read there phrases like <i>vîz hermelin</i> (405), which is <i>hermelinweiß</i>, and <i>zobel</i> (400) as well.) Though the <a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's Dictionary</a> defines the meaning of <i>pine</i> as a white, yellowish timber and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_International_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge International Dictionary (page does not exist)">Cambridge International Dictionary</a> defines it as a timber usually pale in colour, no source, including heraldry textbooks, mentions it in connection with heraldry. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig036.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig036.png/500px-Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig036.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig036.png/750px-Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig036.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig036.png 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Fig. 36 from <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies" title="Arthur Charles Fox-Davies">Fox-Davies</a>, <i>Complete Guide to Heraldry</i> (1909): Extended hatching scheme used in continental heraldry. <i>a</i>, brown; <i>b</i>, blood-red; <i>c</i>, earth-colour; <i>d</i>, iron-grey; <i>e</i>, water-colour; <br /><i>f</i>, flesh-colour; <i>g</i>, ashen-grey; <i>h</i>, orange; and <i>i</i>, colour of nature.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_modern_usages">Other modern usages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other modern usages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic Petra Sancta system was adopted in the modern world by <a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">industrial engineers</a> as a standard system of colors and hatch patterns for use in planning <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">factories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Materials_handling" class="mw-redirect" title="Materials handling">material handling</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The representative glyphs in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/">Unicode charts</a> use hatching on characters whose color is essential to the character's identity, such as the twelve colored "heart" emoji. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_Euro,_Austria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2_Euro%2C_Austria.jpg/220px-2_Euro%2C_Austria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2_Euro%2C_Austria.jpg/330px-2_Euro%2C_Austria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2_Euro%2C_Austria.jpg/440px-2_Euro%2C_Austria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Austrian <a href="/wiki/%E2%82%AC2_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="€2 coin">€2 coin</a> with hatched flag at lower left.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Austrian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian flag">Austrian flag</a> appears engraved on the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_euro_coins" title="Austrian euro coins">Austrian euro coins</a>, with vertical hatching used to indicate the red stripes and no hatching for the white stripe.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Modern color hatching systems </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures</a> </th> <th colspan="5">Others </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Color </th> <td>White (<a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a>) </td> <td>Yellow (<a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a>) </td> <td>Red (<a href="/wiki/Gules_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gules (heraldry)">Gules</a>) </td> <td>Black (<a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">Sable</a>) </td> <td>Blue (<a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a>) </td> <td>Green (<a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">Vert</a>) </td> <td>Purple (<a href="/wiki/Purpure" title="Purpure">Purpure</a>) </td> <td>Brown (<a href="/wiki/Tenn%C3%A9" title="Tenné">Tenné</a>) </td> <td>Orange (<a href="/wiki/Orange_(heraldry)" title="Orange (heraldry)">Orange</a>) </td> <td>Pink (<a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldic_tincture)" title="Rose (heraldic tincture)">Rose</a>) </td> <td>Light blue (<a href="/wiki/Bleu_celeste" title="Bleu celeste">Bleu celeste</a>) </td> <td>Gray (<a href="/wiki/Cendr%C3%A9e" title="Cendrée">Cendrée</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <td style="background:white"> </td> <td style="background:gold"> </td> <td style="background:red"> </td> <td style="background:black"> </td> <td style="background:blue"> </td> <td style="background:green"> </td> <td style="background:purple"> </td> <td style="background:#a04000"> </td> <td style="background:orange"> </td> <td style="background:pink"> </td> <td style="background:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td style="background:gray"> </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th>Present extended conventional system </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr style="height:30px"> <th>Unicode charts </th> <td style="background: white"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="background:black"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px)"> </td> <td style="background-color: white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style=""> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(35deg, transparent 0, transparent 5px, white 5px, white 6px, transparent 5px, transparent 7px, white 7px, white 8px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td> <td style="white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px)"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screentone" title="Screentone">Screentone</a>, dot patterns as textures in monochrome printing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Karl_von_Schroeder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Karl von Schroeder (page does not exist)">Schroeder, Johann Karl von</a>: <i>Über Alter und Herkunft der Heraldischen Schraffierungen</i>. In: <i>Der Herold</i> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herold_(Verein)#Publikationen" class="extiw" title="de:Herold (Verein)">de</a>), 7 N.F. Berlin 1969/71, 67–68. l.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatching_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Et afin que le Lecteur se satisfasse entierement, ie luy presente les deux metaux, les cinq couleurs, & les deux pennes graués en la page suiuante, & luy fais voir l’inuention de laquelle ie me suis seruy au premier liure de blazon, que ie fis imprimer pour connoistre les metaux & les couleurs par la taille douce, laquelle a ésté imitée & practiquée par le docte Petra Sancta, au liure intitulé, Tessera gentilitia, qu’il a composé en Latin, & fait imprimer à Rome; Aupaurauant l’on se seruoit des lettres capitales des metaux, & des couleurs pour les denoter, mais cela enlaidissoit l’armoirie, & apportoit de la confusion, & tout au contraire ceste inuention remplit & ombrage les pieces bien mieux qu’elles n’estoient auant qu’on la practiquât; & contente la veuë auec plus d’agréement: Et il seroit necessaire que d’ores-en-auant tous les graueurs d’vn commún consentement se seruissent de ceste methodo, & la practiquassent inuiolablement lors qu’ils grauent des Armoiries en des lieux où l’on ne peut dechiffrer leurs blazons, ny exprimer leur émail."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeubecker1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ottfried_Neubecker" title="Ottfried Neubecker">Neubecker, Ottfried</a> (1977). <i>Heraldry: sources, symbols and meaning</i>. London: Macdonald and Jane's. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780354041577" title="Special:BookSources/9780354041577"><bdi>9780354041577</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%3A+sources%2C+symbols+and+meaning&rft.place=London&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Macdonald+and+Jane%27s&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780354041577&rft.aulast=Neubecker&rft.aufirst=Ottfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatching+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonanni1711" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Bonanni" title="Filippo Bonanni">Bonanni, Filippo</a> (1711). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ordinumequestriu00buon/page/n603/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Ordinum Equestrium et Militarium Catalogus: in imaginibus expositus & cum brevi narratione</i></a>. Rome: Giorgio Placho. p. 142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordinum+Equestrium+et+Militarium+Catalogus%3A+in+imaginibus+expositus+%26+cum+brevi+narratione&rft.place=Rome&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Giorgio+Placho&rft.date=1711&rft.aulast=Bonanni&rft.aufirst=Filippo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fordinumequestriu00buon%2Fpage%2Fn603%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatching+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Der sel. Rink zu Altdorf hat zu den Schrafirungen des Colombiere noch zwo, nämlich das Zeichen der natürlichen (Fig. 19.) und der Eisenfarbe (Fig. 20.) hinzusetzt: ich halte jedoch die erste für überflüssig, die andere aber um deswillen für unterweislich, weil ich aus alten Wappenbriefen gelernet habe, daß die Herolde, wenigstens in Deutschland, die Eisenfarbe und die weise farbe, das ist, Silber als gleichgültige Ausdrücke gebrauchen. Zur Erläuterung dieser Abhandlung vom Ursprunge der Schrafirungen dient das oben angeführte köhlerische Programma. Das Zeichen der Tinctur des Pelzwerkes, sowohl des gemeinen, als Hermelins, hat mit dem Urbilde selbst, als eine Gattung der natürlichen Farbe (§. 10.), eine Aehlnichkeit (Fig. 17.und 18.).</i>" Johann Christoph Gatterer, <i>Abriss der Heraldik</i>. Nürnberg, 1774. p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Systematic Layout Planning</i>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Muther_(industrial_engineer)" title="Richard Muther (industrial engineer)">Richard Muther</a>, Cahners, 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fotw.info/flags/at_euro.html">"National flag on Austrian EURO coins (Austria)"</a>. <i>www.fotw.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fotw.info&rft.atitle=National+flag+on+Austrian+EURO+coins+%28Austria%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotw.info%2Fflags%2Fat_euro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatching+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://onlinecoin.club/Coins/CoinType/Austria/Two_Euro/">https://onlinecoin.club/Coins/CoinType/Austria/Two_Euro/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heraldry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldry" title="Template:Heraldry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heraldry" title="Template talk:Heraldry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heraldry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_authority" title="Heraldic authority">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_of_arms" title="Grant of arms">Grant of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_heraldry" title="History of heraldry">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_heraldic_arms" title="Law of heraldic arms">Law of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_arms" title="Officer of arms">Officers of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Arms">King of Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald" title="Herald">herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuivant" title="Pursuivant">pursuivant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_officer_of_arms" title="Private officer of arms">private</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">National</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_dominion" title="Arms of dominion">dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_heraldry" title="Civic heraldry">civic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">Ecclesiastical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_armorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal armorial">papal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgher_arms" title="Burgher arms">Burgher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_heraldry" title="Women in heraldry">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">Attributed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armiger" title="Armiger">Armiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmentation_of_honour" title="Augmentation of honour">Augmentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatement_(heraldry)" title="Abatement (heraldry)">abatement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_modern_arms" title="Ancient and modern arms">Ancient and modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_alliance" title="Arms of alliance">Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_courtesy" title="Heraldic courtesy">courtesy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">Blazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">Cadency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marks_of_distinction" title="Marks of distinction">distinction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">Canting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debased_heraldry" title="Debased heraldry">Debased</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">Field</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_field" title="Division of the field">divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field" title="Variation of the field">variations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_fraud" title="Heraldic fraud">Fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry#Marshalling" title="Heraldry">Marshalling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impalement_(heraldry)" title="Impalement (heraldry)">impalement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldic_traditions_by_country" title="Template:Heraldic traditions by country">National traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_societies" title="Heraldry societies">Societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achievement_(heraldry)" title="Achievement (heraldry)">Achievement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">Crowns and coronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compartment_(heraldry)" title="Compartment (heraldry)">Compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantling" title="Mantling">Mantling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_and_pavilion_(heraldry)" title="Mantle and pavilion (heraldry)">pavilion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slogan_(heraldry)" title="Slogan (heraldry)">slogan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">Supporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torse" title="Torse">Torse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">Charges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">Attitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasure_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasure (heraldry)">Erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbriation" title="Fimbriation">Fimbriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_(heraldry)" title="Line (heraldry)">Lines</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">Ordinaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annulet_(heraldry)" title="Annulet (heraldry)">Annulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(heraldry)" title="Bar (heraldry)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordure" title="Bordure">Bordure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(heraldry)" title="Canton (heraldry)">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">Chevron</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99kawica_(ordinary)" title="Łękawica (ordinary)">Łękawica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compon%C3%A9e" title="Componée">Componée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozier_head" title="Crozier head">Crozier head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">Fess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaunch" title="Flaunch">Flaunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goutte" title="Goutte">Goutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyron" title="Gyron">Gyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamade" title="Hamade">Hamade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inescutcheon" title="Inescutcheon">Inescutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(heraldry)" title="Lozenge (heraldry)">Lozenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orle_(heraldry)" title="Orle (heraldry)">Orle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_(heraldry)" title="Pale (heraldry)">Pale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(heraldry)" title="Pall (heraldry)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_(heraldry)" title="Pile (heraldry)">Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundel_(heraldry)" title="Roundel (heraldry)">Roundel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">Bezant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">Saltire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_in_heraldry" title="Bear in heraldry">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boars_in_heraldry" title="Boars in heraldry">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle#In_heraldry" title="Cattle">Bull/ox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hound_(heraldry)" title="Hound (heraldry)">Dog/hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Camelopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer#Heraldic" title="Deer">Hind/stag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Kangaroo emblems and popular culture">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_(heraldry)" title="Leopard (heraldry)">Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_in_heraldry" title="Wolves in heraldry">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alerion" title="Alerion">Alerion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_swan_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Black swan emblems and popular culture">Black swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster#Emblems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">Cock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_(heraldry)" title="Crow (heraldry)">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doves_as_symbols" title="Doves as symbols">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">Eagle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Szaszor" title="Szaszor">Szaszor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przepaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Przepaska">Przepaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">Martlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican#Heraldry" title="Pelican">Pelican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_(heraldry)" title="Bee (heraldry)">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crapaud#Heraldry" title="Crapaud">Crapaudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(heraldry)" title="Dolphin (heraldry)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_(heraldry)" title="Emmet (heraldry)">Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ged_(heraldry)" title="Ged (heraldry)">Ged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox#Heraldry" title="Esox">Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portcullis#Heraldry" title="Portcullis">Portcullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(heraldry)" title="Bat (heraldry)">Reremouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Badge" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_symbolism#Flags_and_heraldry" title="Serpent symbolism">Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsangel" title="Wolfsangel">Wolfsangel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Legendary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allocamelus" title="Allocamelus">Allocamelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphyn" title="Alphyn">Alphyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiptere" title="Amphiptere">Amphiptere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk" title="Basilisk">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscione" title="Biscione">Biscione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima" class="mw-redirect" title="Chollima">Chollima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockatrice" title="Cockatrice">Cockatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_(heraldry)" title="Enfield (heraldry)">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin/Keythong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogriff" title="Hippogriff">Hippogriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampago" title="Lampago">Lampago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindworm" title="Lindworm">Lindworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manticore" title="Manticore">Manticore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musimon" title="Musimon">Musimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(mythical_creature)" title="Pantheon (mythical creature)">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_(legendary_creature)" title="Panther (legendary creature)">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanders_in_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamanders in folklore">Salamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-griffin" title="Sea-griffin">Sea-griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-lion" title="Sea-lion">Sea-lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyger_(heraldry)" title="Tyger (heraldry)">Tyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_lion" title="Winged lion">Winged lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Woodwose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyvern" title="Wyvern">Wyvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_(mythical_creature)" title="Yale (mythical creature)">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">Fleur-de-lis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_wreath#As_used_in_heraldry" title="Laurel wreath">Laurel wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak#Regional_and_state" title="Oak">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">Quatrefoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldry)" title="Rose (heraldry)">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamrock#Symbol_of_Ireland" title="Shamrock">Shamrock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">Trefoil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thistle#Heraldry" title="Thistle">Thistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnip#Heraldry" title="Turnip">Turnip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeblatt" title="Seeblatt">Waterlily/Seeblatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_knot" title="Heraldic knot">Knots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourchier_knot" title="Bourchier knot">Bourchier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_knot" title="Bowen knot">Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_knot" title="Savoy knot">Cavendish/Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacre_knot" title="Dacre knot">Dacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_knot" title="Harrington knot">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_knot" title="Hungerford knot">Hastings/Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heneage_knot" title="Heneage knot">Heneage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinckaert_knot" title="Hinckaert knot">Hinckaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_knot" title="Hungerford knot">Hungerford knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacy_knot" title="Lacy knot">Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_knot" title="Wake knot">Ormonde/Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_knot" title="Savoy knot">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_knot" title="Stafford knot">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_knot" title="Bowen knot">Tristram/Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_knot" title="Wake knot">Wake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_tincture" title="Rule of tincture">Rule of tincture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricking" title="Tricking">Tricking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hatching</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:background: white; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a> (white)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a> (gold)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">Gules</a> (red)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">Sable</a> (black)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a> (blue)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">Vert</a> (green)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Purpure" title="Purpure">Purpure</a> (purple)<sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Furs" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Furs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/7px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/11px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/14px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Ermine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Ermines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Erminois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Erminites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Pean</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/15px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/23px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/30px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="195" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vair" title="Vair">Vair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vair#Potent" title="Vair">Potent</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8b004b; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Murrey" title="Murrey">Murrey</a> (mulberry)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:FireBrick; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sanguine_(heraldry)" title="Sanguine (heraldry)">Sanguine</a> (blood red)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c67000; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tenn%C3%A9" title="Tenné">Tenné</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rare metals<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CDA8A5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Copper_(heraldry)" title="Copper (heraldry)">Copper</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E0AB76; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buff_(color)#U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Buff (color)">Buff</a> (metal in the United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rare colours<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:skyblue; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(35deg, transparent 0, transparent 5px, white 5px, white 6px, transparent 5px, transparent 7px, white 7px, white 8px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bleu_celeste" title="Bleu celeste">Bleu celeste</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:sienna; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brun%C3%A2tre" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunâtre">Brunâtre</a> (brown)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E0AB76; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buff_(color)#In_Canadian_heraldry" class="mw-redirect" title="Buff (color)">Buff</a> (color in Canada)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Cendr%C3%A9e" title="Cendrée">Cendrée</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC7722; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ochre#In_heraldry" title="Ochre">Ochre</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Orange_(heraldry)" title="Orange (heraldry)">Orange</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:HotPink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldic_tincture)" title="Rose (heraldic tincture)">Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Realistic</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Proper" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_(heraldry)" title="Carnation (heraldry)">Carnation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookplate">Bookplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_hatchment" title="Funerary hatchment">Hatchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">banner of arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_of_arms" title="Roll of arms">Roll of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_armorials" title="Illyrian armorials">Illyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_seal" title="Equestrian seal">equestrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabard" title="Tabard">Tabard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_of_arms" title="Trophy of arms">Trophy of arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_(emblem)" title="Mon (emblem)">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state_emblems" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist state emblems">socialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Logotype">Logotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigillography" title="Sigillography">Sigillography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_heraldry" title="List of oldest heraldry">List of oldest heraldry</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a> <ul><li><a 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