Code of practice for learning analytics

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.MuiTypography-h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 500; line-height: 2rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } @media (min-width:600px) { .MuiTypography-h3 { font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 2.5rem; } } @media (min-width:960px) { .MuiTypography-h3 { font-size: 2rem; line-height: 3rem; } } .MuiTypography-h3 b { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-h3 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-h4 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } @media (min-width:960px) { .MuiTypography-h4 { font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 2rem; } } .MuiTypography-h4 b { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-h4 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-h5 { font-size: 1rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } @media (min-width:960px) { .MuiTypography-h5 { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 2rem; } } .MuiTypography-h5 b { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-h5 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-h6 { font-size: .875rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .MuiTypography-h6 b { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-h6 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-subtitle1 { font-size: 1rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.75; letter-spacing: 0.00938em; } .MuiTypography-subtitle2 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .MuiTypography-subtitle2 b { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-subtitle2 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .MuiTypography-overline { font-size: 0.75rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2.66; letter-spacing: 0.08333em; text-transform: uppercase; } .MuiTypography-srOnly { width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; } .MuiTypography-alignLeft { text-align: left; } .MuiTypography-alignCenter { text-align: center; } .MuiTypography-alignRight { text-align: right; } .MuiTypography-alignJustify { text-align: justify; } .MuiTypography-noWrap { overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .MuiTypography-gutterBottom { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; } .MuiTypography-paragraph { margin-bottom: 16px; } .MuiTypography-colorInherit { color: inherit; } .MuiTypography-colorPrimary { color: #007dba; } .MuiTypography-colorSecondary { color: #00857d; } .MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary { color: #333; } .MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary { color: #666; } .MuiTypography-colorError { color: #f44336; } .MuiTypography-displayInline { display: inline; } .MuiTypography-displayBlock { display: block; } .MuiContainer-root { width: 100%; display: block; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; } @media (min-width:600px) { .MuiContainer-root { padding-left: 1.5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; } } .MuiContainer-disableGutters { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; } @media (min-width:600px) { .MuiContainer-fixed { max-width: 600px; } } @media (min-width:960px) { .MuiContainer-fixed { max-width: 960px; } } @media (min-width:1280px) { .MuiContainer-fixed { max-width: 1280px; } } @media (min-width:1920px) { .MuiContainer-fixed { max-width: 1920px; } } @media (min-width:0px) { .MuiContainer-maxWidthXs { max-width: 444px; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .MuiContainer-maxWidthSm { max-width: 600px; } } @media (min-width:960px) { .MuiContainer-maxWidthMd { max-width: 960px; } } @media (min-width:1280px) { .MuiContainer-maxWidthLg { max-width: 1280px; } } @media (min-width:1920px) { .MuiContainer-maxWidthXl { max-width: 1920px; } } .MuiGrid-container { width: 100%; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box; } .MuiGrid-item { margin: 0; box-sizing: border-box; } .MuiGrid-zeroMinWidth { min-width: 0; } .MuiGrid-direction-xs-column { flex-direction: column; } .MuiGrid-direction-xs-column-reverse { flex-direction: column-reverse; } .MuiGrid-direction-xs-row-reverse { flex-direction: row-reverse; } .MuiGrid-wrap-xs-nowrap { flex-wrap: nowrap; } .MuiGrid-wrap-xs-wrap-reverse { flex-wrap: wrap-reverse; } .MuiGrid-align-items-xs-center { align-items: center; } .MuiGrid-align-items-xs-flex-start { align-items: flex-start; } .MuiGrid-align-items-xs-flex-end { align-items: flex-end; } .MuiGrid-align-items-xs-baseline { align-items: baseline; } .MuiGrid-align-content-xs-center { align-content: center; } .MuiGrid-align-content-xs-flex-start { align-content: flex-start; } .MuiGrid-align-content-xs-flex-end { align-content: flex-end; } .MuiGrid-align-content-xs-space-between { align-content: space-between; } .MuiGrid-align-content-xs-space-around { align-content: space-around; } .MuiGrid-justify-content-xs-center { justify-content: center; } .MuiGrid-justify-content-xs-flex-end { justify-content: flex-end; } .MuiGrid-justify-content-xs-space-between { justify-content: space-between; } .MuiGrid-justify-content-xs-space-around { justify-content: space-around; } .MuiGrid-justify-content-xs-space-evenly { justify-content: space-evenly; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-0 { width: calc(100% + 0rem); margin: -0rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-0 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 0rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-1 { width: calc(100% + 0.5rem); margin: -0.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-1 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 0.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-2 { width: calc(100% + 1rem); margin: -0.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-2 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 0.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-3 { width: calc(100% + 1.5rem); margin: -0.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-3 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 0.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-4 { width: calc(100% + 2rem); margin: -1rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-4 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-5 { width: calc(100% + 2.5rem); margin: -1.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-5 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-6 { width: calc(100% + 3rem); margin: -1.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-6 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-7 { width: calc(100% + 3.5rem); margin: -1.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-7 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 1.75rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-8 { width: calc(100% + 4rem); margin: -2rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-8 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 2rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-9 { width: calc(100% + 4.5rem); margin: -2.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-9 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 2.25rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-10 { width: calc(100% + 5rem); margin: -2.5rem; } .MuiGrid-spacing-xs-10 > .MuiGrid-item { padding: 2.5rem; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } @media (min-width:600px) { .MuiGrid-grid-sm-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-sm-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } @media (min-width:960px) { .MuiGrid-grid-md-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-md-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } @media (min-width:1280px) { .MuiGrid-grid-lg-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-lg-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } @media (min-width:1920px) { .MuiGrid-grid-xl-auto { flex-grow: 0; max-width: none; flex-basis: auto; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-true { flex-grow: 1; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 0; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-1 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 8.333333%; flex-basis: 8.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-2 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 16.666667%; flex-basis: 16.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-3 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 25%; flex-basis: 25%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-4 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 33.333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-5 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 41.666667%; flex-basis: 41.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-6 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 50%; flex-basis: 50%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-7 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 58.333333%; flex-basis: 58.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-8 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 66.666667%; flex-basis: 66.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-9 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 75%; flex-basis: 75%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-10 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 83.333333%; flex-basis: 83.333333%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-11 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 91.666667%; flex-basis: 91.666667%; } .MuiGrid-grid-xl-12 { flex-grow: 0; max-width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; } } .jss2 { color: #fff; z-index: 1300; position: relative; padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: #0d224c; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss3 { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss3 { flex-shrink: 0; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss4 { margin-top: 1.5rem; flex-shrink: 0; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss5 { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss6 { margin-right: 1.5rem; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss7 { margin-top: 1.5rem; flex-shrink: 0; margin-right: 1rem; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss7 { margin-right: 1.5rem; } } .jss8 { margin-top: 1rem; } .jss1 { clip: rect(0 0 0 0); color: #000; width: 1px; height: 1px; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; clip-path: inset(50%); padding-top: 0.5rem; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; text-decoration: unset; background-color: #fd6; } .jss1:focus { clip: unset; width: unset; height: unset; outline: .25rem solid transparent; overflow: unset; position: unset; clip-path: unset; white-space: unset; } .jss34 > * { box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; } .jss35 { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; } .jss36 { padding-top: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; } .jss37 { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; } .jss38 { color: #fff; } .jss39 { background-color: #4c4c4c; } .jss40 { background-color: #404040; } .jss41 { background-color: #333; } .jss42 { display: inline; } .jss43:link { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .jss43:visited { color: #fff; } .jss43:focus { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss43:hover { color: #d9d9d9; transition: color .2s ease; text-decoration: underline; } .jss43:focus:hover { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss43:active { color: #fff; } .jss43:focus:active { color: #fff; outline: none; box-shadow: none; text-decoration: underline; background-color: transparent; } .jss44 { margin: 0; display: inline; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .jss45 { display: inline-block; font-size: .875rem; margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss45 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss45 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss45:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 1rem; } .jss46::before { content: ">"; margin-right: 1rem; } .jss47 { width: calc(100% + 1.5rem); margin-left: -0.75rem; margin-right: -0.75rem; } .jss47 .MuiGrid-item { padding-left: 0.75rem; padding-right: 0.75rem; } @media (max-width:959.95px) { .jss47 { width: calc(100% + 1rem); margin-left: -0.5rem; margin-right: -0.5rem; } .jss47 .MuiGrid-item { padding-left: 0.5rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; } } .jss48 { padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .jss49 { font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; padding-top: 1rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss49 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss49 strong { font-weight: bolder; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss49 { border-top: .0625rem solid #707070; padding-top: 1.5rem; } } .jss50 { list-style: none; margin-top: 1.5rem; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss51 { margin-top: 3rem; } } .jss52 { font-size: 1rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } @media (min-width:960px) { .jss52 { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 2rem; } } .jss52 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss52 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss53 { font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss53 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss53 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss53:not(:first-child) { margin-top: 1rem; } .jss54 { margin-right: 0.5rem; } .jss55 { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; list-style: none; margin-top: 0; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .jss56 { margin-bottom: 0; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss56 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; } } .jss57 { font-size: .875rem; margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss57 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss57 strong { font-weight: bolder; } .jss57:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 1.5rem; } .jss58 { font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.428571428571429rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss58 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss58 strong { font-weight: bolder; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss58 { border-top: .0625rem solid #707070; } } .jss59:link { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; } .jss59:visited { color: #d9d9d9; } .jss59:focus { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss59:hover { color: #d9d9d9; transition: color .2s ease; text-decoration: underline; } .jss59:focus:hover { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss59:active { color: #fff; } .jss59:focus:active { color: #fff; outline: none; box-shadow: none; text-decoration: underline; background-color: transparent; } .jss23 { display: none; align-items: center; margin-left: auto; justify-content: center; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss23 { gap: 8px; display: flex; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss23 { margin-top: 0.5rem; } } .jss24 { color: #069; width: 36px; border: none; height: 36px; justify-content: center; background-color: #e4e9ec; } .jss24:hover { color: #fff; cursor: pointer; background-color: #069; } .jss24:focus { color: #fff; outline: .25rem solid #fd6; outline-offset: -2px; background-color: #069; } .jss25 { display: flex; position: relative; align-items: center; margin-left: auto; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss25 { top: 100%; right: 0; display: none; padding: 1.8rem; position: absolute; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-color: #fff; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); } } @media (max-width: 400px) { .jss25 { left: 0; } } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss25.visible { display: block; } } .jss26 { color: #666; display: block; font-size: 18px; text-decoration: unset; } .jss26:hover { color: #004777; text-decoration: underline; } .jss26:focus { color: #000; outline: transparent solid 0.25rem; box-shadow: rgb(255 221 102) 0px 0.25rem 0px 0px, rgb(255 221 102) 0px -0.25rem 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 221, 102); } .jss27 { top: 100%; right: 0; width: 600px; display: none; padding: 20px 30px; position: absolute; border-top: 2px solid #00557f; box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); text-align: center; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-color: #fff; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 5px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss27 { display: none; } } .jss28 { top: 50%; color: #2c3841; right: 1.8rem; width: 32px; border: none; bottom: 0; cursor: pointer; height: 32px; display: flex; position: absolute; transform: translateY(-50%); align-items: center; justify-content: center; background-color: transparent; } @media (min-width: 757px) { .jss28 { right: 10px; } } .jss28:hover { opacity: 0.5; } .jss28:focus { outline: .25rem solid #fd6; background-color: #fff; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss29 { width: 100%; } } @media (min-width: 757px) { .jss29:focus-within #predictive-results.visible { display: block; } } @media (min-width: 757px) { .jss30 { padding: 10px 10px; position: relative; margin-right: -10px; } .jss30.has-search-term:focus-within { box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom,#e4e9ec 0%,#fff 100%); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); } } .jss31 { width: 210px; border: 2px solid #E4E9EC; display: block; padding: 5px 32px 4px 9px; min-height: 31px; background-color: #fff; } .jss31:focus { outline: .25rem solid #fd6; background-color: #fff; } .jss31::-webkit-search-cancel-button, .jss31::-webkit-search-decoration, .jss31 -webkit-search-results-button, .jss31 -webkit-search-results-decoration { display: none; } .jss31::-ms-clear { width: 0; height: 0; display: none; } .jss31::-ms-reveal { width: 0; height: 0; display: none; } .jss31:-webkit-autofill, .jss31:-webkit-autofill:hover, .jss31:-webkit-autofill:active, .jss31:-webkit-autofill:focus { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0px 1000px #fff inset; } @media (max-width: 757px) { .jss31 { width: 100%; } } .jss32 span { clip: rect(0 0 0 0); width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap; } .jss9 { z-index: 1100; position: relative; } .jss10 { color: #666; background-color: #fff; } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss10 { padding-top: 0.5rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss11::before { content: ''; display: table; } .jss11::after { clear: both; content: ''; display: table; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss11 { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss12 { float: left; } } .jss13 { display: flex; } .jss14 { line-height: 0; } .jss15 { margin-left: 16px; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss15 { margin-top: 1rem; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss15 { margin-top: .625rem; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss16 { font-size: 1rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss16 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss16 strong { font-weight: bolder; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss16 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2rem; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss16 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss16 strong { font-weight: bolder; } } .jss17 { margin-right: 3px; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss18 { display: none; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss18 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2rem; margin-left: 3px; letter-spacing: unset; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .jss18 b { font-weight: bolder; } .jss18 strong { font-weight: bolder; } } .jss19:link { color: #666; text-decoration: unset; } .jss19:visited { color: #666; } .jss19:focus { color: #000; outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: 0 .25rem 0 0 #fd6, 0 -.25rem 0 0 #fd6; text-decoration: none; background-color: #fd6; } .jss19:focus:not(:focus-visible) { outline: .25rem solid transparent; box-shadow: unset; text-decoration: underline; background-color: unset; } .jss19:hover { color: #004777; text-decoration: underline; } .jss19:active { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } @media (hover: none) { .jss19:hover { color: #666; } } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss20 { width: 2.5rem; height: 2.5rem; } } @media (min-width:600px) { .jss20 { width: 3.25rem; height: 3.25rem; } } .jss21 { display: inline-block; } @media (max-width:599.95px) { .jss21 { margin-top: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; } } .jss21:focus { outline: .25rem solid #fd6; } .jss21:focus:not(:focus-visible) { outline: none; } .jss21:hover { opacity: 0.7; } .jss21:active { opacity: 1; } @media (hover: none) { .jss21:hover { opacity: 1; } } .jss22 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sm:mt-[unset]">Setting out the responsibilities of educational institutions to ensure that learning analytics is carried out responsibly, appropriately and effectively.</p></header></div><div class="mt-6 md:box-border md:w-3/12 md:px-2 md:mt-2"><aside class="px-4 bg-jiscWhite border-2 border-solid border-jiscHibiscus "><p class="my-4 font-sans font-normal antialiased text-[1.25rem] leading-[2rem] ">About this guide</p><p class="mt-4 mb-2 font-sans text-[1rem] font-normal antialiased">Authors</p><ul class="pl-[unset] my-[unset] font-sans text-[.875rem] font-normal antialiased leading-[1.25rem] list-none"><li class="my-3"><span class="block">Niall Sclater</span><span class="block">Consultant and director, Sclater Digital Ltd</span></li><li class="my-3"><span class="block">Paul Bailey</span><span class="block">Head of co-design</span></li></ul><p class=" mt-4 mb-4 font-sans antialiased text-[1rem] font-normal leading-[1.5rem] " data-component="typography--text-body">Published: <time datetime="2015-06-04T15:55:00Z">04 June 2015</time></p><p class=" mt-4 mb-4 font-sans antialiased text-[1rem] font-normal leading-[1.5rem] " data-component="typography--text-body">Updated: <time datetime="2023-08-02T15:55:00Z">02 August 2023</time></p></aside></div></div></div></header><div class=" clearfix pt-10 pb-10 bg-jiscWhite " data-testid="content-area"><div class="box-border block max-w-screen-md px-4 mx-auto md:px-6" data-testclass="container"><div class="sm:box-border sm:flex sm:w-[calc(100%+1rem)] sm:-mx-2"><div class="hidden sm:box-border sm:px-2 sm:block sm:w-1/12" data-testid="replace-material-ui-hidden--1/12@sm"></div><div class="sm:box-border sm:px-2 sm:w-10/12"><nav class="py-2 mb-8 border-t-0 border-b-2 border-solid border-x-0 bg-jiscWhite border-jiscConcrete "><div class="flex items-center"><span class="antialiased font-normal text-2xl text-jiscMineShaft font-sans leading-[2rem] text-center pl-2">Contents</span></div><div><ul class=" list-none cursor-pointer font-normal text-jiscBahamaBlue underline p-1 visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:underline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack "><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Introduction</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Responsibility</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Transparency and consent</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Privacy</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Validity</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Access</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Enabling positive interventions</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Minimising adverse impacts</button></li><li><button type="button" class="antialiased font-normal text-lg font-sans leading-[2rem] text-left cursor-pointer outline-none bg-[unset] border-none text-jiscBahamaBlue hover:underline visited:text-jiscPurple focus:text-jiscBlack focus:bg-jiscDandelion focus:outline focus:outline-4 focus:outline-transparent focus:no-underline focus:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:text-jiscRegalBlue active:text-jiscBlack focus:active:unde rline focus:active:bg-transparent focus:active:shadow-none prose-strong:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-strong:visited:text-jiscPurple prose-strong:focus:text-jiscBlack prose-strong:hover:text-jiscRegalBlue prose-strong:active:text-jiscBlack">Stewardship of data</button></li></ul></div></nav><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mb-6 |"><h2 id="introduction-6qrz4" data-block-key="6qrz4">Introduction</h2><p data-block-key="64na2">Learning analytics uses data about students and their activities to help institutions understand and improve educational processes, and provide better support to learners.</p><p data-block-key="235bm">Learning analytics should be used for the benefit of students. This might be to assist them individually or through using aggregated and anonymised data to help other students. Learning analytics might also be used to improve the educational experience more generally. It is distinct from assessment, and should be used for formative rather than summative purposes.</p><p data-block-key="d78gv"></p><img alt="A man and woman working in a library." class="richtext-image full-width" height="403" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20240406100313im_/https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/images/learning-analytics.width-800.jpg" width="750"/><p data-block-key="cm8l9">The effective use of learning analytics will initially involve the deployment of new systems along with changes to institutional policies and processes. New data may be collected about individuals and their learning activities. The data will be analysed and interventions may take place as a result. This presents opportunities for positive engagements and impacts on learning, as well as misunderstandings, misuse of data and adverse impacts on students.</p></div><section><div class="box-border flex justify-end w-full max-w-screen-lg px-0 mx-auto"><div style="border-color:#A22578" class="grid border-y-0 border-l-0 border-r-6 border-solid w-full sm:w-10/12 md:w-10/12 lg:w-10/12 bg-[#E4EAEC]" data-testid="pull_quote"><div class="px-8 font-sans lg:max-w-xl"><div class=" prose max-w-full py-8 font-sans antialiased prose-a:font-normal prose-a:underline visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] first:prose-h2:mt-[unset] last:prose-h2:mb-[unset] prose-strong:prose-h2:font-bold prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] first:prose-h3:mt-[unset] last:prose-h3:mb-[unset] prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-[unset] last:prose-h4:mb-[unset] prose-li:pl-2 prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:mb-[unset] prose-li:text-[1.25rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[2rem] prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:my-6 first:prose-ol:mt-[unset] last:prose-ol:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1.8rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[2rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:m-0 prose-blockquote:p-0 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:my-6 first:prose-ul:mt-[unset] last:prose-ul:mb-[unset] prose-headings:text-[unset] marker:marker-[inherit] prose-p:text-[#A22578] | prose-text-[#A22578] | marker:text-[#A22578] | prose-blockquote:text-[#A22578] | prose-headings:text-[#A22578] | prose-li:text-[#A22578] | prose-ol:text-[#A22578] | prose-strong:text-[#A22578] | prose-table:text-[#A22578] | prose-ul:text-[#A22578] "><div class="pull-quote-content" style="color:#A22578"><p data-block-key="ktzj8">Complete transparency and clear institutional policies are essential</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><p data-block-key="6qrz4">Complete transparency and clear institutional policies are therefore essential regarding the purposes of learning analytics, the data collected, the processes involved, and how they will be used to enhance the educational experience.</p><p data-block-key="9qhat">This code of practice aims to set out the responsibilities of educational institutions to ensure that learning analytics is carried out responsibly, appropriately and effectively, addressing the key legal, ethical and logistical issues which are likely to arise.</p><p data-block-key="4n0tq">Educational institutions in the UK already have information management practices and procedures in place and have extensive experience of handling sensitive and personal data in accordance with the Data Protection Act 2018. They must now also comply with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).</p><p data-block-key="6qlcd">By transferring and adapting this expertise to regulate the processing of data for learning analytics, institutions should establish the practices and procedures necessary to process the data of individuals lawfully and fairly.</p></div><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><h2 id="responsibility-uqt3e" data-block-key="uqt3e">Responsibility</h2><p data-block-key="dt2ki">Institutions must decide who has overall responsibility for the legal, ethical and effective use of learning analytics. They should allocate specific responsibility within the institution for:</p><ul><li data-block-key="dujrh">The collection of data to be used for learning analytics</li><li data-block-key="a6jsv">The anonymisation of the data where appropriate</li><li data-block-key="41fii">The analytics processes to be performed on the data, and their purposes</li><li data-block-key="2mvlt">The interventions to be carried out</li><li data-block-key="bsu4i">The retention and stewardship of data used for and generated by learning analytics</li></ul><p data-block-key="1ns8u">Student representatives and key staff groups at institutions should be consulted about the objectives, design, development, roll-out and monitoring of learning analytics.</p></div><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><h2 id="transparency-and-consent-uqt3e" data-block-key="uqt3e">Transparency and consent</h2><p data-block-key="6qrtc">Institutions will define the objectives for the use of learning analytics, what data is necessary to achieve these objectives, and what is out of scope. The data sources, the purposes of the analytics, the metrics used, who has access to the analytics, the boundaries around usage and how to interpret the data must be explained clearly to staff and students.</p><p data-block-key="6ob1f">Institutions should also clearly describe the processes involved in producing the analytics to students and staff or make the algorithms transparent to them.</p></div><section><div class="box-border flex justify-end w-full max-w-screen-lg px-0 mx-auto"><div style="border-color:#A22578" class="grid border-y-0 border-l-0 border-r-6 border-solid w-full sm:w-10/12 md:w-10/12 lg:w-10/12 bg-[#E4EAEC]" data-testid="pull_quote"><div class="px-8 font-sans lg:max-w-xl"><div class=" prose max-w-full py-8 font-sans antialiased prose-a:font-normal prose-a:underline visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] first:prose-h2:mt-[unset] last:prose-h2:mb-[unset] prose-strong:prose-h2:font-bold prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] first:prose-h3:mt-[unset] last:prose-h3:mb-[unset] prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-[unset] last:prose-h4:mb-[unset] prose-li:pl-2 prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:mb-[unset] prose-li:text-[1.25rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[2rem] prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:my-6 first:prose-ol:mt-[unset] last:prose-ol:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1.8rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[2rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:m-0 prose-blockquote:p-0 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:my-6 first:prose-ul:mt-[unset] last:prose-ul:mb-[unset] prose-headings:text-[unset] marker:marker-[inherit] prose-p:text-[#A22578] | prose-text-[#A22578] | marker:text-[#A22578] | prose-blockquote:text-[#A22578] | prose-headings:text-[#A22578] | prose-li:text-[#A22578] | prose-ol:text-[#A22578] | prose-strong:text-[#A22578] | prose-table:text-[#A22578] | prose-ul:text-[#A22578] "><div class="pull-quote-content" style="color:#A22578"><p data-block-key="ktzj8">Institutions should clearly describe the processes involved in producing the analytics to students and staff</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><p data-block-key="6qrz4">Student consent is required for the collection and use of "special category data", such as ethnicity, as defined by GDPR.</p><p data-block-key="rhl2">Students will also normally be asked for their consent for personal interventions to be taken based on the learning analytics. This will usually be done at the point where a specific intervention is proposed. However, there may be legal, safeguarding or other circumstances where students are not permitted to opt out of such interventions. If so these must be clearly stated and justified.</p><p data-block-key="8ck6p">New learning analytics projects may not be covered by the institution’s existing arrangements. Collection and use of data for these may require further measures, such as data protection impact assessments and obtaining additional consent.</p><p data-block-key="68eue">Options for granting consent must be clear and meaningful, explaining the expected consequences of granting or withholding consent. Students should be able easily to amend their decisions subsequently.</p></div><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><h2 id="privacy-uqt3e" data-block-key="uqt3e">Privacy</h2><p data-block-key="b2usq">Access to student data and analytics should be restricted to those identified by the institution as having a legitimate need to view them.</p><p data-block-key="cissu">Where data is to be used anonymously particular care must be taken by institutions to avoid:</p><ul><li data-block-key="ersk">Identification of individuals from metadata</li><li data-block-key="9i6v8">Re-identification of individuals by aggregating multiple data sources</li></ul><p data-block-key="cmm3k">The use of “special category data” for the purposes of learning analytics requires additional safeguards. Circumstances where data and analytics could be shared externally - eg requests from educational authorities, security agencies or employers - will be made explicit to staff and students, and may require additional consent.</p></div><section><div class="box-border flex justify-end w-full max-w-screen-lg px-0 mx-auto"><div style="border-color:#A22578" class="grid border-y-0 border-l-0 border-r-6 border-solid w-full sm:w-10/12 md:w-10/12 lg:w-10/12 bg-[#E4EAEC]" data-testid="pull_quote"><div class="px-8 font-sans lg:max-w-xl"><div class=" prose max-w-full py-8 font-sans antialiased prose-a:font-normal prose-a:underline visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] first:prose-h2:mt-[unset] last:prose-h2:mb-[unset] prose-strong:prose-h2:font-bold prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] first:prose-h3:mt-[unset] last:prose-h3:mb-[unset] prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-[unset] last:prose-h4:mb-[unset] prose-li:pl-2 prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:mb-[unset] prose-li:text-[1.25rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[2rem] prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:my-6 first:prose-ol:mt-[unset] last:prose-ol:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1.8rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[2rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:m-0 prose-blockquote:p-0 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:my-6 first:prose-ul:mt-[unset] last:prose-ul:mb-[unset] prose-headings:text-[unset] marker:marker-[inherit] prose-p:text-[#A22578] | prose-text-[#A22578] | marker:text-[#A22578] | prose-blockquote:text-[#A22578] | prose-headings:text-[#A22578] | prose-li:text-[#A22578] | prose-ol:text-[#A22578] | prose-strong:text-[#A22578] | prose-table:text-[#A22578] | prose-ul:text-[#A22578] "><div class="pull-quote-content" style="color:#A22578"><p data-block-key="ktzj8">The use of “special category data” for the purposes of learning analytics requires additional safeguards</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><p data-block-key="6qrz4"></p><p data-block-key="as60r">Institutions should ensure that student data is protected when third parties are contracted to store data or carry out learning analytics on it.</p><p data-block-key="53tmr">Institutions may have a legal obligation to intervene, and hence override some privacy restrictions, where data or analytics reveal that a student is at risk. Such circumstances should be clearly specified.</p></div><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><h2 id="validity-uqt3e" data-block-key="uqt3e">Validity</h2><p data-block-key="brq35">It is vital that institutions monitor the quality, robustness and validity of their data and analytics processes in order to develop and maintain confidence in learning analytics and ensure it is used to the benefit of students. Institutions should ensure that:</p><ul><li data-block-key="5lo5g">Inaccuracies in the data are understood and minimised</li><li data-block-key="95r0q">The implications of incomplete datasets are understood</li><li data-block-key="95a3c">The optimum range of data sources is selected</li><li data-block-key="f5kjj">Spurious correlations are avoided</li></ul><p data-block-key="4qmci">All algorithms and metrics used for predictive analytics or interventions should be understood, validated, reviewed and improved as appropriate by qualified staff.</p><p data-block-key="cjh7e">Data and analytics may be valid but should also be useful and appropriate; learning analytics should be seen in its wider context and combined with other data and approaches as appropriate.</p></div><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><h2 id="access-uqt3e" data-block-key="uqt3e">Access</h2><p data-block-key="c0p7o">Students should be able to access all learning analytics performed on their data in meaningful, accessible formats, and to obtain copies of this data in a portable digital format. Students have a legal right under the GDPR to be able to correct inaccurate personal data held about themselves.</p></div><section><div class="box-border flex justify-end w-full max-w-screen-lg px-0 mx-auto"><div style="border-color:#A22578" class="grid border-y-0 border-l-0 border-r-6 border-solid w-full sm:w-10/12 md:w-10/12 lg:w-10/12 bg-[#E4EAEC]" data-testid="pull_quote"><div class="px-8 font-sans lg:max-w-xl"><div class=" prose max-w-full py-8 font-sans antialiased prose-a:font-normal prose-a:underline visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] first:prose-h2:mt-[unset] last:prose-h2:mb-[unset] prose-strong:prose-h2:font-bold prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] first:prose-h3:mt-[unset] last:prose-h3:mb-[unset] prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-[unset] last:prose-h4:mb-[unset] prose-li:pl-2 prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:mb-[unset] prose-li:text-[1.25rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[2rem] prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:my-6 first:prose-ol:mt-[unset] last:prose-ol:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1.8rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[2rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:m-0 prose-blockquote:p-0 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:my-6 first:prose-ul:mt-[unset] last:prose-ul:mb-[unset] prose-headings:text-[unset] marker:marker-[inherit] prose-p:text-[#A22578] | prose-text-[#A22578] | marker:text-[#A22578] | prose-blockquote:text-[#A22578] | prose-headings:text-[#A22578] | prose-li:text-[#A22578] | prose-ol:text-[#A22578] | prose-strong:text-[#A22578] | prose-table:text-[#A22578] | prose-ul:text-[#A22578] "><div class="pull-quote-content" style="color:#A22578"><p data-block-key="ktzj8">Students have a legal right to be able to correct inaccurate personal data held about themselves</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><p data-block-key="6qrz4"></p><p data-block-key="c68v8">They should normally also be able to view the metrics and labels attached to them. If an institution considers that the analytics may have a harmful impact on the student’s academic progress or wellbeing it may withhold the analytics from the student, subject to clearly defined and explained policies. However, the student must be shown the data about them if they ask to see it.</p><h2 id="enabling-positive-interventions-4k4kv" data-block-key="4k4kv">Enabling positive interventions</h2><p data-block-key="6kipr">Institutions should specify under which circumstances they believe they should intervene when analytics suggest that a student could benefit from additional support. This may include advising students that they should not continue on a particular pathway. Students may also have obligations to act on the analytics presented to them – if so these should be clearly set out and communicated to the students.</p><p data-block-key="d96jp">The type and nature of interventions, and who is responsible for carrying them out, should be clearly specified. Some may require human rather than digital intermediation. Predictions and interventions will normally be recorded, and be auditable, and their appropriateness and effectiveness reviewed.</p><p data-block-key="7ruab">The impact of interventions on staff roles, training requirements and workload should be considered; addressing this requires support from senior management. Institutions should also be clear about the priority given to learning analytics in relation to other requirements.</p><p data-block-key="9vi74">Institutions should decide how to allocate resources for learning analytics appropriately for learners with different requirements and ensure that diverse groups and individuals are treated equitably.</p></div><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><h2 id="minimising-adverse-impacts-uqt3e" data-block-key="uqt3e">Minimising adverse impacts</h2><p data-block-key="4rhfa">Institutions must recognise that analytics can never give a complete picture of an individual’s learning and may sometimes ignore personal circumstances.</p><p data-block-key="c4cv3">Institutions should take steps to ensure that trends, norms, categorisation or any labelling of students do not bias staff, student or institutional perceptions and behaviours towards them, reinforce discriminatory attitudes or increase social power differentials.</p></div><section><div class="box-border flex justify-end w-full max-w-screen-lg px-0 mx-auto"><div style="border-color:#A22578" class="grid border-y-0 border-l-0 border-r-6 border-solid w-full sm:w-10/12 md:w-10/12 lg:w-10/12 bg-[#E4EAEC]" data-testid="pull_quote"><div class="px-8 font-sans lg:max-w-xl"><div class=" prose max-w-full py-8 font-sans antialiased prose-a:font-normal prose-a:underline visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] first:prose-h2:mt-[unset] last:prose-h2:mb-[unset] prose-strong:prose-h2:font-bold prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] first:prose-h3:mt-[unset] last:prose-h3:mb-[unset] prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-[unset] last:prose-h4:mb-[unset] prose-li:pl-2 prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:mb-[unset] prose-li:text-[1.25rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[2rem] prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:my-6 first:prose-ol:mt-[unset] last:prose-ol:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1.8rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[2rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:m-0 prose-blockquote:p-0 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:my-6 first:prose-ul:mt-[unset] last:prose-ul:mb-[unset] prose-headings:text-[unset] marker:marker-[inherit] prose-p:text-[#A22578] | prose-text-[#A22578] | marker:text-[#A22578] | prose-blockquote:text-[#A22578] | prose-headings:text-[#A22578] | prose-li:text-[#A22578] | prose-ol:text-[#A22578] | prose-strong:text-[#A22578] | prose-table:text-[#A22578] | prose-ul:text-[#A22578] "><div class="pull-quote-content" style="color:#A22578"><p data-block-key="ktzj8">Ensure that trends, norms, categorisation or any labelling of students do not bias staff, student or institutional perceptions and behaviours towards them</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | mt-6 mb-6 |"><p data-block-key="6qrz4"></p><p data-block-key="6dlu3">Analytics systems and interventions should be carefully designed and regularly reviewed to ensure that:</p><ul><li data-block-key="c5m60">Students maintain appropriate levels of autonomy in decision making relating to their learning, using learning analytics where appropriate to help inform their decisions</li><li data-block-key="flcu2">Opportunities for “gaming the system” or any benefit to the student from doing so are minimised</li><li data-block-key="539j4">Knowledge that their activity is being monitored does not lead to non-participation by students or other negative impacts on their academic progress or wellbeing</li><li data-block-key="cfdmc">Adverse impacts as a result of giving students and staff information about the students’ performance or likelihood of success are minimised</li><li data-block-key="e2egm">Staff have a working understanding of legal, ethical and unethical practice</li></ul><h2 id="stewardship-of-data-4non2" data-block-key="4non2">Stewardship of data</h2><p data-block-key="6jt1h">Data for learning analytics must comply with existing institutional data policies and the GDPR and, in particular, be:</p><ul><li data-block-key="16c5c">Kept to the minimum necessary to deliver the purposes of the analytics reliably</li><li data-block-key="dqg7b">Processed in the UK, European Economic Area or, if elsewhere, only in accordance with the GDPR</li><li data-block-key="dk96g">Retained only for appropriate and clearly defined periods</li></ul><p data-block-key="f2p51">On request by students any personal data used for or generated by learning analytics should be destroyed or anonymised, with the exception of certain, clearly specified data fields required for educational or statutory purposes such as grades.</p></div><section class="mt-10 mb-10 text-jiscMineShaft" data-testid="call-to-action"><p class="mt-6 mb-[unset]"><a class="inline-block p-3 font-sans text-[1.25rem] antialiased font-normal leading-[2rem] text-center no-underline text-jiscWhite bg-jiscBrandGrape-main visited:bg-jiscBrandGrape-pale focus:text-jiscWhite focus:bg-jiscBrandGrape-dark visited:text-jiscBrandGrape-main focus:outline focus:outline-jiscDandelion focus:outline-4 hover:text-jiscWhite hover:bg-jiscBrandGrape-dark active:text-jiscWhite active:bg-jiscMineShaft" data-testid="call-to-action-call-to-action" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20240406100313/https://repository.jisc.ac.uk/9204/1/code-of-practice-for-learning-analytics.pdf">Download this guide (pdf)</a></p></section><div class="pt-10 px-8 pb-10 mt-10 text-jiscMineShaft bg-jiscConcrete " data-testid="boxed-content"><div class=" clearfix | prose | antialiased | font-sans | max-w-full | prose-h2:text-[2rem] prose-h2:font-normal prose-h2:leading-[3.0rem] prose-h2:sm:text-[2.25rem] prose-h2:md:text-[2.5rem] prose-h2:md:leading-[3.5rem] | prose-h2:mt-10 prose-h2:mb-6 first:prose-h2:mt-0 last:prose-h2:mb-0 prose-h3:text-[1.5rem] prose-h3:font-medium prose-h3:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h3:mt-0 last:prose-h3:mb-0 prose-h3:mt-10 prose-h3:mb-6 prose-h3:sm:text-[1.75rem] prose-h3:sm:leading-[2.5rem] prose-h3:md:text-[2rem] prose-h3:md:leading-[3rem] | prose-h4:text-[1.25rem] prose-h4:font-normal prose-h4:leading-[2rem] first:prose-h4:mt-0 last:prose-h4:mb-0 prose-h4:mt-10 prose-h4:mb-6 prose-h4:md:text-[1.5rem] prose-h4:md:leading-[2rem] | prose-h5:text-[1rem] prose-h5:font-medium prose-h5:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h5:mt-10 prose-h5:mb-6 first:prose-h5:mt-[unset] last:prose-h5:mb-[unset] prose-h5:md:text-[1.25rem] prose-h5:md:leading-[2rem] prose-h6:text-[1rem] prose-h6:font-semibold prose-h6:leading-[1.5rem] prose-h6:mt-10 prose-h6:mb-6 first:prose-h6:mt-[unset] last:prose-h6:mb-[unset] prose-p:my-6 prose-p:text-[1rem] prose-p:font-normal prose-p:leading-[1.5rem] first:prose-p:mt-[unset] last:prose-p:mb-[unset] empty:first:prose-p:-mt-6 prose-blockquote:my-[unset] prose-blockquote:ml-6 prose-blockquote:text-[1rem] prose-blockquote:not-italic prose-blockquote:font-normal prose-blockquote:leading-[1.5rem] prose-blockquote:border-solid prose-blockquote:border-0 prose-blockquote:border-l-[.0625rem] prose-p:prose-blockquote:py-3 before:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] after:prose-p:prose-blockquote:content-[unset] prose-li:text-[1rem] prose-li:font-normal prose-li:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-li:mt-2 prose-li:pl-2 | first:prose-ol:mt-0 last:prose-ol:mb-0 prose-ol:my-6 prose-ol:pl-8 prose-ol:leading-[1.5rem] | first:prose-ul:mt-0 last:prose-ul:mb-0 prose-ul:my-6 prose-ul:pl-8 prose-ul:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-table:mt-[unset] prose-table:mb-[unset] | prose-table:border-collapse | prose-p:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-p:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-th:text-[0.875rem] | prose-li:prose-td:text-[0.875rem] | prose-td:border-solid prose-td:border-l-[0rem] prose-td:border-r-[0rem] prose-td:border-jiscAlto | prose-td:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-td:border-t-[0.0625rem] | prose-td:p-4 prose-td:align-middle prose-td:leading-[1.5rem]| prose-th:border-solid prose-th:border-l-[0rem] prose-th:border-r-[0rem] prose-th:border-jiscAlto | prose-th:border-b-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-t-[0.0625rem] prose-th:border-b-jiscAlto prose-th:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-th:p-4 prose-th:align-middle prose-th:leading-[1.5rem] | prose-th:font-medium | prose-tr:border-b-jiscAlto prose-tr:border-t-jiscAlto | prose-img:block prose-img:max-w-full prose-img:h-auto prose-img:my-6 prose-img:leading-none | prose-a:font-normal prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue prose-a:underline | visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack focus:prose-a:bg-jiscDandelion focus:prose-a:outline focus:prose-a:outline-4 focus:prose-a:outline-transparent focus:prose-a:no-underline focus:prose-a:shadow-[0_.25rem_0_0_#fd6,_0_-.25rem_0_0_#fd6] | hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | focus:active:prose-a:underline focus:active:prose-a:bg-transparent focus:active:prose-a:shadow-none | prose-strong:prose-a:text-jiscBahamaBlue | prose-strong:visited:prose-a:text-jiscPurple | prose-strong:focus:prose-a:text-jiscBlack | prose-strong:hover:prose-a:text-jiscRegalBlue | prose-strong:active:prose-a:text-jiscBlack || prose-blockquote:border-l-jiscAlto || marker:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-blockquote:text-jiscDoveGrey | prose-headings:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-li:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ol:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-p:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-strong:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-table:text-jiscMineShaft | prose-ul:text-jiscMineShaft | | |"><p data-block-key="chuhp">Published under the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20240406100313/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0 license.</a> Please cite as Jisc (2015): Code of practice for learning analytics.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></article></main><footer aria-labelledby="site-footer" class="jss34"><div class="jss38 jss35 jss39"><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthMd"><div class="MuiGrid-root jss47 MuiGrid-container"><div class="MuiGrid-root jss48 MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-sm-9"><h2 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-srOnly" id="site-footer">Site footer</h2><div class=""><nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" class="jss42"><ul class="jss44"><li class="jss45"><a aria-label="Jisc homepage" class="jss43" title="Jisc homepage" href="/web/20240406100313/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="house" class="svg-inline--fa fa-house " role="img" 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This might be to assist them individually or through using aggregated and anonymised data to help other students. Learning analytics might also be used to improve the educational experience more generally. It is distinct from assessment, and should be used for formative rather than summative purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"d78gv\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"A man and woman working in a library.\" class=\"richtext-image full-width\" height=\"403\" src=\"https://jisc-ac-uk-static-assets-prod.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/media/images/learning-analytics.width-800.jpg\" width=\"750\"\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"cm8l9\"\u003eThe effective use of learning analytics will initially involve the deployment of new systems along with changes to institutional policies and processes. New data may be collected about individuals and their learning activities. The data will be analysed and interventions may take place as a result. This presents opportunities for positive engagements and impacts on learning, as well as misunderstandings, misuse of data and adverse impacts on students.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"e48f73ce-8157-4604-87b3-458142873b1c"},{"type":"pull_quote","value":{"text_colour":"#A22578","side_bar_colour":"#A22578","quote":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"ktzj8\"\u003eComplete transparency and clear institutional policies are essential\u003c/p\u003e"},"id":"121d2eb0-3643-4196-bebc-05f1b2f40207"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"6qrz4\"\u003eComplete transparency and clear institutional policies are therefore essential regarding the purposes of learning analytics, the data collected, the processes involved, and how they will be used to enhance the educational experience.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"9qhat\"\u003eThis code of practice aims to set out the responsibilities of educational institutions to ensure that learning analytics is carried out responsibly, appropriately and effectively, addressing the key legal, ethical and logistical issues which are likely to arise.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4n0tq\"\u003eEducational institutions in the UK already have information management practices and procedures in place and have extensive experience of handling sensitive and personal data in accordance with the Data Protection Act 2018. They must now also comply with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6qlcd\"\u003eBy transferring and adapting this expertise to regulate the processing of data for learning analytics, institutions should establish the practices and procedures necessary to process the data of individuals lawfully and fairly.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"2ba90d9e-c21f-4920-8e5d-740e89d2a02c"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003ch2 id=\"responsibility-uqt3e\" data-block-key=\"uqt3e\"\u003eResponsibility\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"dt2ki\"\u003eInstitutions must decide who has overall responsibility for the legal, ethical and effective use of learning analytics. They should allocate specific responsibility within the institution for:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"dujrh\"\u003eThe collection of data to be used for learning analytics\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"a6jsv\"\u003eThe anonymisation of the data where appropriate\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"41fii\"\u003eThe analytics processes to be performed on the data, and their purposes\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"2mvlt\"\u003eThe interventions to be carried out\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"bsu4i\"\u003eThe retention and stewardship of data used for and generated by learning analytics\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"1ns8u\"\u003eStudent representatives and key staff groups at institutions should be consulted about the objectives, design, development, roll-out and monitoring of learning analytics.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"31397a28-66f5-4a7a-9a48-b0dde0204710"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003ch2 id=\"transparency-and-consent-uqt3e\" data-block-key=\"uqt3e\"\u003eTransparency and consent\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6qrtc\"\u003eInstitutions will define the objectives for the use of learning analytics, what data is necessary to achieve these objectives, and what is out of scope. The data sources, the purposes of the analytics, the metrics used, who has access to the analytics, the boundaries around usage and how to interpret the data must be explained clearly to staff and students.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6ob1f\"\u003eInstitutions should also clearly describe the processes involved in producing the analytics to students and staff or make the algorithms transparent to them.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"dd4abb61-a71c-499f-904f-9bd4bb53fe29"},{"type":"pull_quote","value":{"text_colour":"#A22578","side_bar_colour":"#A22578","quote":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"ktzj8\"\u003eInstitutions should clearly describe the processes involved in producing the analytics to students and staff\u003c/p\u003e"},"id":"d478a81a-6fbe-4afe-84dd-5d123df339f7"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"6qrz4\"\u003eStudent consent is required for the collection and use of \u0026quot;special category data\u0026quot;, such as ethnicity, as defined by GDPR.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"rhl2\"\u003eStudents will also normally be asked for their consent for personal interventions to be taken based on the learning analytics. This will usually be done at the point where a specific intervention is proposed. However, there may be legal, safeguarding or other circumstances where students are not permitted to opt out of such interventions. If so these must be clearly stated and justified.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"8ck6p\"\u003eNew learning analytics projects may not be covered by the institution’s existing arrangements. Collection and use of data for these may require further measures, such as data protection impact assessments and obtaining additional consent.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"68eue\"\u003eOptions for granting consent must be clear and meaningful, explaining the expected consequences of granting or withholding consent. Students should be able easily to amend their decisions subsequently.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"71ee0eb4-24bd-44ad-a55f-eb747ceb99bb"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003ch2 id=\"privacy-uqt3e\" data-block-key=\"uqt3e\"\u003ePrivacy\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"b2usq\"\u003eAccess to student data and analytics should be restricted to those identified by the institution as having a legitimate need to view them.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"cissu\"\u003eWhere data is to be used anonymously particular care must be taken by institutions to avoid:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"ersk\"\u003eIdentification of individuals from metadata\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"9i6v8\"\u003eRe-identification of individuals by aggregating multiple data sources\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"cmm3k\"\u003eThe use of “special category data” for the purposes of learning analytics requires additional safeguards. Circumstances where data and analytics could be shared externally - eg requests from educational authorities, security agencies or employers - will be made explicit to staff and students, and may require additional consent.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"9e3cfa6b-2ce9-4c36-b06e-aa21843e89d8"},{"type":"pull_quote","value":{"text_colour":"#A22578","side_bar_colour":"#A22578","quote":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"ktzj8\"\u003eThe use of “special category data” for the purposes of learning analytics requires additional safeguards\u003c/p\u003e"},"id":"614394c7-a2fa-4422-b1b7-2e5af507acea"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"6qrz4\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"as60r\"\u003eInstitutions should ensure that student data is protected when third parties are contracted to store data or carry out learning analytics on it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"53tmr\"\u003eInstitutions may have a legal obligation to intervene, and hence override some privacy restrictions, where data or analytics reveal that a student is at risk. Such circumstances should be clearly specified.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"6a4e459c-86ed-4ce2-bc24-8da42ff4826d"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003ch2 id=\"validity-uqt3e\" data-block-key=\"uqt3e\"\u003eValidity\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"brq35\"\u003eIt is vital that institutions monitor the quality, robustness and validity of their data and analytics processes in order to develop and maintain confidence in learning analytics and ensure it is used to the benefit of students. Institutions should ensure that:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"5lo5g\"\u003eInaccuracies in the data are understood and minimised\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"95r0q\"\u003eThe implications of incomplete datasets are understood\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"95a3c\"\u003eThe optimum range of data sources is selected\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"f5kjj\"\u003eSpurious correlations are avoided\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4qmci\"\u003eAll algorithms and metrics used for predictive analytics or interventions should be understood, validated, reviewed and improved as appropriate by qualified staff.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"cjh7e\"\u003eData and analytics may be valid but should also be useful and appropriate; learning analytics should be seen in its wider context and combined with other data and approaches as appropriate.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"60efd16d-f38b-4e4b-a454-38609a3feccd"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003ch2 id=\"access-uqt3e\" data-block-key=\"uqt3e\"\u003eAccess\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"c0p7o\"\u003eStudents should be able to access all learning analytics performed on their data in meaningful, accessible formats, and to obtain copies of this data in a portable digital format. Students have a legal right under the GDPR to be able to correct inaccurate personal data held about themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"0ac42c5d-f817-4e2b-b731-4ace1972e557"},{"type":"pull_quote","value":{"text_colour":"#A22578","side_bar_colour":"#A22578","quote":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"ktzj8\"\u003eStudents have a legal right to be able to correct inaccurate personal data held about themselves\u003c/p\u003e"},"id":"d800d4f9-bdcb-40a7-bb34-c008acfc6741"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"6qrz4\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"c68v8\"\u003eThey should normally also be able to view the metrics and labels attached to them. If an institution considers that the analytics may have a harmful impact on the student’s academic progress or wellbeing it may withhold the analytics from the student, subject to clearly defined and explained policies. However, the student must be shown the data about them if they ask to see it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"enabling-positive-interventions-4k4kv\" data-block-key=\"4k4kv\"\u003eEnabling positive interventions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6kipr\"\u003eInstitutions should specify under which circumstances they believe they should intervene when analytics suggest that a student could benefit from additional support. This may include advising students that they should not continue on a particular pathway. Students may also have obligations to act on the analytics presented to them – if so these should be clearly set out and communicated to the students.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"d96jp\"\u003eThe type and nature of interventions, and who is responsible for carrying them out, should be clearly specified. Some may require human rather than digital intermediation. Predictions and interventions will normally be recorded, and be auditable, and their appropriateness and effectiveness reviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"7ruab\"\u003eThe impact of interventions on staff roles, training requirements and workload should be considered; addressing this requires support from senior management. Institutions should also be clear about the priority given to learning analytics in relation to other requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"9vi74\"\u003eInstitutions should decide how to allocate resources for learning analytics appropriately for learners with different requirements and ensure that diverse groups and individuals are treated equitably.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"5112da91-2b21-4042-b301-643f9021140f"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003ch2 id=\"minimising-adverse-impacts-uqt3e\" data-block-key=\"uqt3e\"\u003eMinimising adverse impacts\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"4rhfa\"\u003eInstitutions must recognise that analytics can never give a complete picture of an individual’s learning and may sometimes ignore personal circumstances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"c4cv3\"\u003eInstitutions should take steps to ensure that trends, norms, categorisation or any labelling of students do not bias staff, student or institutional perceptions and behaviours towards them, reinforce discriminatory attitudes or increase social power differentials.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"97ee3b76-51c3-4f15-a5ed-7b580389af7c"},{"type":"pull_quote","value":{"text_colour":"#A22578","side_bar_colour":"#A22578","quote":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"ktzj8\"\u003eEnsure that trends, norms, categorisation or any labelling of students do not bias staff, student or institutional perceptions and behaviours towards them\u003c/p\u003e"},"id":"68f00c2a-9a5c-4bf3-97eb-8f26d8109d95"},{"type":"content_block","value":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"6qrz4\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6dlu3\"\u003eAnalytics systems and interventions should be carefully designed and regularly reviewed to ensure that:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"c5m60\"\u003eStudents maintain appropriate levels of autonomy in decision making relating to their learning, using learning analytics where appropriate to help inform their decisions\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"flcu2\"\u003eOpportunities for “gaming the system” or any benefit to the student from doing so are minimised\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"539j4\"\u003eKnowledge that their activity is being monitored does not lead to non-participation by students or other negative impacts on their academic progress or wellbeing\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"cfdmc\"\u003eAdverse impacts as a result of giving students and staff information about the students’ performance or likelihood of success are minimised\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"e2egm\"\u003eStaff have a working understanding of legal, ethical and unethical practice\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"stewardship-of-data-4non2\" data-block-key=\"4non2\"\u003eStewardship of data\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"6jt1h\"\u003eData for learning analytics must comply with existing institutional data policies and the GDPR and, in particular, be:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"16c5c\"\u003eKept to the minimum necessary to deliver the purposes of the analytics reliably\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"dqg7b\"\u003eProcessed in the UK, European Economic Area or, if elsewhere, only in accordance with the GDPR\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli data-block-key=\"dk96g\"\u003eRetained only for appropriate and clearly defined periods\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp data-block-key=\"f2p51\"\u003eOn request by students any personal data used for or generated by learning analytics should be destroyed or anonymised, with the exception of certain, clearly specified data fields required for educational or statutory purposes such as grades.\u003c/p\u003e","id":"4f49bc52-c7da-441c-a5b1-06c39b91006e"},{"type":"call_to_action","value":{"headingElement":"h3","heading":"","summary":"","call_to_action_text":"Download this guide (pdf)","call_to_action_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20240406100313/https://repository.jisc.ac.uk/9204/1/code-of-practice-for-learning-analytics.pdf"},"id":"552386a2-3a13-4dcd-983d-a4b27302e9cb"},{"type":"boxed_content","value":{"background_option":"light","custom_background_colour":"","content":"\u003cp data-block-key=\"chuhp\"\u003ePublished under the \u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"\u003eCC BY 4.0 license.\u003c/a\u003e Please cite as Jisc (2015): Code of practice for learning analytics.\u003c/p\u003e"},"id":"886fbef4-fdb3-4741-8b3c-325653e1b98e"}],"redirect_url":"","secondary_page_type":"guide","summary":"Setting out the responsibilities of educational institutions to ensure that learning analytics is carried out responsibly, appropriately and effectively.","table_of_contents":"simple","topics":[{"id":14,"name":"Learning, teaching and assessment"}]}},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/[...path]","query":{"path":["guides","code-of-practice-for-learning-analytics"]},"buildId":"xxu55k-jmpACoBVDATgoI","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>

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Code of practice for learning analytics - Jisc