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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Adam rootpage-Adam skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Mazmuna geçiň</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Saýt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Esasy menýu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esasy menýu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Esasy menýu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tk.wikipedia.org&uselang=tk" class=""><span>Bagyş et</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:CreateAccount&returnto=Adam&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Hasap döredip, hasaba girmegiňiz maslahat berilýär; ýöne, ol hökmany däl" class=""><span>Hasap döret</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:UserLogin&returnto=Adam&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Hasaba girmegiňiz maslahat berilýär; ýöne, ol hökman däl [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasaba gir</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Has köp wariant" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Şahsy gurallar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Şahsy gurallar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ulanyjy menýusy" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tk.wikipedia.org&uselang=tk"><span>Bagyş et</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:CreateAccount&returnto=Adam&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Hasap döredip, hasaba girmegiňiz maslahat berilýär; ýöne, ol hökmany däl"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hasap döret</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:UserLogin&returnto=Adam&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Hasaba girmegiňiz maslahat berilýär; ýöne, ol hökman däl [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasaba gir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Dardam:Introduction" aria-label="Redaktirlemek barada has giňişleýin öwreniň"><span>köpräk oka</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Goşantlar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D%C3%B6rite:MyTalk" title="Bu IP adresinden edilen özgerdişler barada pikir alyş [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Gürleşme</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Saýt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Adam sahypasynyň çeşmesini gör</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Bu makala diňe şu dilde bar. Makalany başga diller üçin goşuň" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dil goşuň</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="At giňişlikleri"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Esasy sahypany gör [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Sahypa</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87eki%C5%9Fme:Adam&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Material sahypasy barada çekişme (sahypa ýok) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Çekişme</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil görnüşini üýtgediň" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkmençe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görüşler"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adam"><span>Oka</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahypany düzet [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Düzet</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page"><span>Çeşmäni düzet</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam&action=history" title="Sahypanyň öňki wersiýalary [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Taryhy gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gurallar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gurallar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Bu sahypanyň çeşmesini görüp we göçürip bilersiňiz. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="tk" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Other uses|Ädäm}} {{Esassyz}} '''Adam''' [a:dam] – Ilki arap, soňra pars we olardan hem yslam dininiň üsti bilen türki dillere geçen bu sözüň asly sanskrit dilinde «ynsan» manysyny aňladan adamas sözündendir, ýöne adam sözi türki dillere «ynsan» däl-de, «erkek adam» manysynda geçipdir. Häzirem türkmenler adam sözüni köplenç «erkek», aýal, zenan ýa-da aýal adam sözlerini bolsa «aýal» manysynda ulanýarlar.<ref>Çeşmesi: S.Atanyýazow, Türkmen diliniň sözköki (etimologik) sözlügi. Aşgabat, "Miras" 2004.</ref> == Adam bilen haýwanlaryň arasyndaky tapawut == Zoologiýa ulgamyna görä, häzirki zaman akylly adam görnüşi (Homo sapiens) akord görnüşine, süýdemdirijiler toparyna, primatlaryň tertibine girýär. Beýniniň ululygyna, dyrnaklaryň tekizligine, başam barmaklaryň beýleki barmaklara ýerleşdirilmegine, skeletiň we organlaryň gurluşyna, enäniň göwresindäki ösüşine, rudimentiň we atawistik alamatlaryň meňzeşligine esaslanýar. maýmynlar maşgalasynda. Mundan başga-da, adam we maýmyn keselleri we parazitler meňzeşdir. Adamlar, elleri bilen deňeşdirilende aýaklarynyň uzynlygyndaky uly maýmynlardan, oňurgada boýnuň, döşüň, beliň, skapulanyň we kalkanusyň bolmagy, çanak süňküniň giňelmegi, döşüň öň tarapdan tekizlenmegi bilen tapawutlanýar. aýaklaryň we beýleki morfologiki aýratynlyklaryň tertibi. Manyly gürlemek sebäpli adam beýnisiniň beýni ýarym şarlarynyň korteksiniň bölekleri güýçli ösýär; Ses öndürýän enjam adamlar üçin özboluşly gurluşa eýe. Kelläniň skeletiniň ýüzden uludygy we bedendäki saçyň dökülmegi hem Adam üçin häsiýetlidir. == Adamyň gelip çykyşy barada pikirler == === Adamyň ýaradylyşy barada dini teoriýa === Adamyň gelip çykyşy we taryhy ösüşi barada dürli pikirler we teoriýalar bar. Adam we gadymy dini kitaplar baradaky gadymy rowaýatlara görä, Oda Mato we Momo Hawa Earther ýüzünde ilkinji adamlar bolupdyr. Zaratuştraçylyk dininde Adam tebigatyň bir bölegi, ol ýaradyldy we ýene-de oňa gaýdyp geler diýilýär. Yslam dinine görä, Hudaý "iň erkek we erkin hyzmatkärini janly dünýäniň kapitany hökmünde iberdi", ýagny Adam atany palçykdan ýaradyjy, halyf hökmünde ýer ýüzünde ýaradypdyr, janyndan ýaşaýyş beripdir we akyl berdi.dogry === Adamyň döremeginiň dünýewi teoriýasy === Tebigat ylymlarynyň ösmegi bilen Adam atanyň döremegi baradaky ylmy pikirler peýda bolup başlady. Fransuz alymy J. Lamark Adamyň döremegini umumy manyda ilkinji bolup düşündirdi. Onuň sözlerine görä, Adam agaçlarda ýaşamakdan, ýere ýöremek üçin maýmyn ýaly ata-babalardan gelip çykypdyr. Iňlis alymy Ç . Darwin adamyň ýüze çykmagy meselesini ewolýusiýa nukdaýnazaryndan düşündirdi we Adam bilen maýmynlaryň köpden bäri umumy atasynyň bardygyny görkezdi. Onuň pikiriçe, antropogenezde biologiki faktorlar, ýagny diri galmak üçin göreş, genetiki üýtgeşiklik we tebigy seçim hem ulanylýar. Şeýle-de bolsa, alymlaryň köpüsiniň pikirine görä, antropogenezde esasanam soňky döwürlerinde sosial faktorlar (jemgyýetçilik durmuşy, jemgyýetçilik işi) biologiki faktorlar bilen birlikde möhüm ähmiýete eýe bolupdyr. Adamyň ewolýusiýasynda dik ýöremek aýgytly ähmiýete eýe, sebäbi dik ýöremegiň netijesinde eller goldaw rolundan azat edilip, gurallary ýasaýan we ulanýan organa öwrüldi. Zähmet gurallarynyň peýda bolmagy adamyň pikirini giňeltdi we tebigata garaşlylygyny azaltdy. Zähmet işjeňliginiň ösmegi bilen antropogenezde biologiki faktorlaryň täsiri azaldy we sosial faktorlaryň ähmiýeti ýokarlandy. Antropogenezde jemgyýetçilik durmuşy uly ähmiýete eýe bolupdyr. Adam ata-babalary gadymy döwürlerden bäri toparlarda ýaşapdyrlar. El zähmet organyna öwrülen badyna topar bolup ýaşap başladylar, ýagny bilelikde aw etdiler we özlerini goradylar; çagalaryny ulaltdylar we hünär öwretdiler. Otuň tapylmagy, nahar bişirmek we iýmek adamyň eňekleriniň we çeýnemek myşsalarynyň agramyny azaltdy, eňekleriň hereketini ýeňilleşdirdi we sözüň ösmegine mümkinçilik döretdi. Manyly sözüň döremegi Adamyň pikirini giňeltdi; Şahsy gatnaşyklaryň çaltlaşmagyna sebäp boldy. Bu prosesleriň netijesinde beýniniň agramy, uly ýarym şarlaryň kortikal böleginiň derejesi ýokarlandy, netijede aň, pikir we söz ösdi. Hasaplamalara görä ilkinji adamlar 1-2 million bolupdyr. ýyl öň Adamyň ewolýusiýasynyň esasy ugurlary. Mezozoý döwründe parapitekus (maýmyn ýaly haýwanlar) mör-möjeklerden bölünip aýryldy. Soň bolsa proboskidleri, maýmynlary we gurakopitekleri (agaçda ýaşaýan maýmynlar) döretdi. Howanyň sowamagy we tokaýlaryň ýuka bolmagy bilen, gurakopitek ýerde ýaşamaga geçdi. Adamyň ewolýusiýasynyň 1-nji basgançagy maýmyn ýaly haýwanlardan ikitaraplaýynlyga geçmekdir. Bu etapda öň aýaklar goldaw rolundan boşadylýar we el bolýar. Awstraliopitekinler (gen. Maýmynlar) hem edil şonuň ýaly döräpdir. Olarda 3-5 mln. birnäçe ýyl ozal Günorta we Gündogar Afrikada we Günorta Aziýada ýaşapdy. Antropogeneziň 2-nji basgançagy, gural ýasamaklyga aňly geçişdir. Iň garry adamlar 1 million ýyl ozal Pitekan-troplar (maýmynlar). bir ýyl ozal ýaşapdy. Olaryň skelet galyndylary Javaawa adasynda, Afrika we Günorta Europeewropada tapyldy. Pitekantroplar birmeňzeş bolup, gowaklarda ýaşaýardylar; gaty ýönekeý ýarag ýasady; ot ulanýardylar. Olardan soň ýaşan Sinantroplar (hytaýly adam) we Neanderthallar daşdan we süňkden ýarag ýasamagy bilýärdiler we haýwanlaryň derisini geýýärdiler. Beýnileri pitekantroplar bilen deňeşdirilende has uludy. Neandertal süňkleri ilki Germaniýanyň Neanderthal derýasynyň golaýynda, soňra bolsa Afrikada, Aziýada, şol sanda Surkhandarya jülgesindäki Teşiktaş gowagynda tapyldy. Neanderthallar 150,000 ýyl ozal gowaklarda ýaşaýan takmynan 100 adamdan ybarat topardy. Iň soňky neandertallar 28,000 ýyl ozal häzirki zaman adamlaryň arasynda ýaşapdy. Jestler we ýönekeý sözler bilen habarlaşýarlar; gaýa, süňkden we agaçdan gural ýasadylar. Zähmetiň ilkinji bölünişi neandertallaryň arasynda ýüze çykdy diýlip çaklanylýar. Häzirki zaman adamlarynyň ilkinji wekilleri (Cro-Mannons) 30-40 müň ýyl ozal peýda bolupdy. Ilkibaşda Fransiýanyň günortasyndaky Cro-Manon gyş ýazgysyndaky gowakda tapyldy. Cro-Mannonsyň beýikligi. (180 sm), beýni gutusynyň ululygy (160 sm³), giň we dik maňlaýy, gaşyň ýokarsynda dag gerşiniň ýoklugy we eňegiň ösüşi sinantroplardan we pi-thekantroplardan tapawutlanýar. Klan we jemagat bolup ýaşadylar; gaçybatalga gurmagy, haýwanlaryň derisinden eşik tikmegi bilýärdiler; sözleýiş ösdürilýär. Cro-Mannons häzirki zaman adamlar bilen bir hatarda akylly Adam görnüşlerine degişlidir. Akylly adam görnüşleri onerde giňden ýaýrady, ýöne deň paýlanmady, ilaty (jynslary) emele getirdi. Emeli ýaşaýyş gurşawynyň döredilmegi, Cro-Mannon döwründe zähmet gurallarynyň hasam kämilleşmegi, biologiki faktorlaryň adamyň ewolýusiýasyna täsiri ep-esli azalýar we sosial faktorlaryň täsiri ýokarlanýar. Antropogeneziň dowamynda hasyllylyk peseldi, ýetginjeklik haýallady we çagalyk we adam ömri uzaldy. Häzirki zaman adamynyň peýda bolmagy bilen tebigy seçimleriň görnüşleri döretmek funksiýasy tamamlandy. Şeýle-de bolsa, adamyň fiziki görnüşiniň durnuklylygy degişlidir we morfologiýa we funksiýalar görnüşleriň arasynda dürli ugurlarda üýtgeýär. Bu üýtgeşmeler ontogeneziň tizlenmegi bilen baglanyşykly bolsa, tizlenme diýilýär. Anatomo-fiziologiki aýratynlyklar. Adam bedeni, beýleki akordlar ýaly ikitaraplaýyn simmetriýa eýe we kellä, boýnuna, bedenine, aýaklaryna we gollaryna bölünýär. Bu bölümler hasam bölünýär. Hususan-da, kelläniň bölegi beýni gutusyny we ýüzi, bedeni - döş, garyn we arka, el - egin, tirsek, bilek we penje; aýak bud, dyz, göle we penjä bölünýär. Adam bedeniniň görnüşi ýaşyň, jynsyň we şahsyýetiň aýratynlyklaryny görkezýär. Mac, erkekleriň bedeni birneme galyň we uly, dar krowat, giň eginler; aýallaryň bedenleri, tersine, inçe, gysga we bagry egninden has giňdir. Dolhomorf (uzyn), brahimorf (gysga), mezomorf (orta beýiklik), asten (inçe, inçe, inçe), gipersteniki (ýagly, ýuka), beden gurluşynyň normosteniki (adaty) görnüşleri bar. Adam bedeni deri bilen örtülendir. Deri bedeni goraýar, çykarylmaga we termoreýulýasiýa gatnaşýar. Süňk goldaw beriji funksiýany ýerine ýetirýär we bedene şekil berýär. Süňkler, bogunlar we myşsalar bilen bilelikde muskul-skelet ulgamyny emele getirýär. Adamyň skelet kellesi (beýni gutusy, ýüz), beden (oňurga, gapyrga, sternum), gol (egin, bilek, tirsek, penje), aýak (bud, tibia, tibia), egin guşak (oňurga ýiligi, skapula)) guşak (çanaklyk) süňklerinden. Süňk-skelet ulgamy, bedeni dik saklamak, hereket etmek we goramak (beýni gutusy, oňurga, torak boşlugy, çanak süňkleri) goldaw funksiýasyny ýerine ýetirýär. Kellesi beýni gutusyna we ýüz bölegine bölünýär. Beýni gutusy - maňlaý, iki depe we ybadathana, boýnuň ýüpi, poniform we gular ýüz süňkleri ýokarky eňek we ýaňak süňklerinden, burun we kelle süňklerinden ybarat. Upperokarky we aşaky eňekler dişler bilen bilelikde agyz boşlugyny emele getirýär. Kelläniň ýüz böleginde myşsalary çeýnemek; ýüz myşsalary gözüň, burnuň we agzyň töwereginde ýerleşýär. Oňurgara 33-34 oňurga, boýn (7 oňurga), döş (12), arka (5), bölek (5) we guýrukdan (4-5) durýar. Koksiks we koksikal oňurgalar hereketsiz, beýleki oňurgalar bölekleýin hereketlidir. Oňurgaly oňurga, 12 jübüt gapyrga we sternum döş boşlugyny gurşap alýan torak boşlugyny emele getirýär. Garyn boşlugy garyn boşlugyndan diafragma bilen bölünýär. Döş diwary içinden inçe pleýural membrana bilen örtülendir (serdem), öýken şol bir pleýra bilen örtülendir. Döş boşlugynda ýürek, uly gan damarlary, öýken, trahiýa, bronh we gyzylödegi bar. Döş diwarynyň öňki bölegi pektoral myşsalar bilen örtülendir. Döşüň çep we sag tarapynda süýdemdirijiler bar. Dem alyş, gapyrgalaryň oňurga we sternum bilen ýarym hereketli baglanyşygy we gapyrgalaryň arasyndaky myşsalaryň gysylmagy sebäpli döşüň giňelmegi we gysylmagy netijesinde ýüze çykýar. Cerberus garyn muskullary lomber oňurga, indiki gapyrga we çanaklygyň öňki ujuna birikýär. Kraniniň öň we gapdal diwarlary myşsalardan durýar. Bu myşsalar içki organlary saklaýar we garyn basyşyny emele getirýär. Garyn boşlugy ýokardan diafragma, aşagyndan çanak süňkleri bilen çäklenýär. Diafragmanyň aşagynda bagyr we öt haltasy, ýokarsynda aşgazan asty we dalak, aşagynda bolsa içege bar. Inçe içege sag, çep we ýokarky taraplarda uly içege (sekum) bilen gurşalan. Garyn boşlugynyň diwary içinden inçe periton bilen örtülendir. Bir jübüt böwrek garnyň arka tarapynda, 2 lomber oňurganyň gapdalynda ýerleşýär. Garyn aortasy çep tarapdan oňurga sütünine paralel, aşaky tarapdan bolsa aşaky wena kava. Garyn boşlugynyň aşaky bölegi çanaklyk boşlugyna öwrüldi. Onda öt haltasy, rektum we içki köpeliş organlary (aýallarda ýatgy, ýumurtgalyk we fallop turbalary; erkeklerde prostat mäzleri, mäzler we fallop turbalary) bar. Adam eliniň gaty çylşyrymly hereketleri ýerine ýetirmegi, bogunlaryň silindr, sferik, Düwünçejik ösüş. Kakanyň we enäniň gametleriniň birleşmeginden soň emele gelen zigota, ýagny tohumlandyrylmadan soň 2 jyns aýratynlygy bar. Düwünçejik ösüş zigota bölünip başlan badyna başlaýar. Tohumlandyrylmadan 6 gün soň, kömelek ýatgy boşlugyna geçýär we gyjyndyrmasynda ýerleşýär. Plasenta düwünçejigiň membranasyndan we ýatgynyň diwaryndan emele gelýär. Düwünçejik göwresiň üsti bilen plasenta birikdirilýär. Maddalaryň we gazlaryň alyş-çalşy enäniň organizmi bilen düwünçejigiň arasynda plasentanyň üsti bilen bolup geçýär. Enäniň göwresindäki adamyň ösüşi ortaça 280 gün, ýagny 9 aýdan gowrak wagt alýar we çaganyň dünýä inmegi bilen tamamlanýar. Bu döwrüň ilkinji 8 hepdesi düwünçejik (düwünçejik) döwri, soňky bölegine göwrelilik döwri diýilýär ( Göwrelilik seret)). Düwünçejik döwründe membranalar emele gelýär, plasenta emele gelip başlaýar, düwünçegiň dokumalary we organlary emele gelýär; hatda olaryň käbiri işe başlaýar (1-nji aýyň ahyrynda düwünçejik ýürek işläp başlaýar). Düwünçejigiň uzynlygy 2 mm ýetende, onuň ok organy - nerw ulgamynyň esasyny düzýän horda we nerw turbasy peýda bolýar. Şol bir wagtyň özünde, ektodermden nerw ulgamyndan, duýgy organlaryndan, deri epitelinden, agyz boşlugyndan we hindgut epitelinden düwünçejik listler emele gelýär; mezodermden ýürek, gan damarlary, skelet, myşsalar, aýyrmak we jyns agzalary; iýmit siňdiriş ulgamy, iýmit siňdiriş bezleri, dem alyş organlary endodermden emele gelýär. Ösüşiň 5-nji hepdesinden eller we aýaklar emele gelip başlaýar, 7-nji hepdede barmaklar emele gelip başlaýar, 8-nji hepdede düwünçejik Adam ýaly görünýär; bu döwürde onuň boýy 4 sm, agramy 4-5 gr. 9-njy hepdede düwünçejik organlaryň emele gelmegi tamamlandy. Bu döwürden düwünçejiklik döwri gutarýar we düwünçegiň döwri başlaýar. Düwünçek dünýä inenden soň, Adam bäbeklik, bäbeklik, çagalyk, ýetginjeklik, kämillik, garrylyk, garrylyk döwürlerini başdan geçirýär. Çagalygyň uzak döwri, ýetginjeklik döwründe beýikligiň ösmegi adamyň şahsy ösüşine mahsusdyr.Çagalygyň adam durmuşyna bolan gatnaşygy 1: 5. Adamlarda jynsy dimorfizm bedeniň umumy ululygynda we käbir bölekleriniň (aýallarda bagryň giňligi, erkekleriň egniniň giňligi), bedeniň käbir bölekleriniň ösmeginde (oňat ösen subkutan ýag gatlagynda) ýüze çykýar. aýallarda, erkeklerde skelet we myşsalar, uly myşsa süýümleri we ýag öýjükleri). Bu döwürden düwünçejiklik döwri gutarýar we düwünçegiň döwri başlaýar. Düwünçek dünýä inenden soň, Adam bäbeklik, bäbeklik, çagalyk, ýetginjeklik, kämillik, garrylyk, garrylyk döwürlerini başdan geçirýär. Çagalygyň uzak döwri, ýetginjeklik döwründe beýikligiň ösmegi adamyň şahsy ösüşine mahsusdyr. Çagalygyň adam durmuşyna bolan gatnaşygy 1: 5. Adamlarda jynsy dimorfizm bedeniň umumy ululygynda we käbir bölekleriniň (aýallarda bagryň giňligi, erkekleriň egniniň giňligi), bedeniň käbir bölekleriniň ösmeginde (oňat ösen subkutan ýag gatlagynda) ýüze çykýar. aýallarda, erkeklerde skelet we myşsalar, uly myşsa süýümleri we ýag öýjükleri). bäbeklik, çagalyk, ýetginjeklik, kämillik, garrylyk, garrylyk döwürlerinden geçýär. Çagalygyň uzak döwri, ýetginjeklik döwründe beýikligiň ösmegi adamyň şahsy ösüşine mahsusdyr. Çagalygyň adam durmuşyna bolan gatnaşygy 1: 5. Adamlarda jynsy dimorfizm bedeniň umumy ululygynda we käbir bölekleriniň (aýallarda bagryň giňligi, erkekleriň egniniň giňligi), bedeniň käbir bölekleriniň ösmeginde (oňat ösen subkutan ýag gatlagynda) ýüze çykýar. aýallarda, erkeklerde skelet we myşsalar, uly myşsa süýümleri we ýag öýjükleri). bäbeklik, çagalyk, ýetginjeklik, kämillik, garrylyk, garrylyk döwürlerinden geçýär. Çagalygyň uzak döwri, ýetginjeklik döwründe beýikligiň ösmegi adamyň şahsy ösüşine mahsusdyr. Çagalygyň adam durmuşyna bolan gatnaşygy 1: 5. Adamlarda jynsy dimorfizm bedeniň umumy ululygynda we käbir bölekleriniň (aýallarda bagryň giňligi, erkekleriň egniniň giňligi), bedeniň käbir bölekleriniň ösmeginde (oňat ösen subkutan ýag gatlagynda) ýüze çykýar. aýallarda, erkeklerde skelet we myşsalar, uly myşsa süýümleri we ýag öýjükleri). Ertyetginjeklik döwründe beýikligiň ösmegini çaltlaşdyrmak, adamyň şahsy ösüşine mahsusdyr. Çagalygyň adam durmuşyna bolan gatnaşygy 1: 5. Adamlarda jynsy dimorfizm bedeniň umumy ululygynda we käbir bölekleriniň (aýallarda bagryň giňligi, erkekleriň egniniň giňligi), bedeniň käbir bölekleriniň ösmeginde (oňat ösen subkutan ýag gatlagynda) ýüze çykýar. aýallarda, erkeklerde skelet we myşsalar, uly myşsa süýümleri we ýag öýjükleri). Ertyetginjeklik döwründe beýikligiň ösmegini çaltlaşdyrmak, adamyň şahsy ösüşine mahsusdyr. Çagalygyň adam durmuşyna bolan gatnaşygy 1: 5. Adamlarda jynsy dimorfizm bedeniň umumy ululygynda we käbir bölekleriniň (aýallarda bagryň giňligi, erkekleriň egniniň giňligi), bedeniň käbir bölekleriniň ösmeginde (oňat ösen subkutan ýag gatlagynda) ýüze çykýar. aýallarda, erkeklerde skelet we myşsalar, uly myşsa süýümleri we ýag öýjükleri). ==Şeýle-de seret== *[[Adamyň iýmit siňdiriş ulgamy]] *[[Adam gözi]] [[Kategoriýa:Adam]] [[Kategoriýa:Anatomiýa]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Bu sahypada ulanylan şablonlar: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Ambox" title="Şablon:Ambox">Şablon:Ambox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Ambox&action=edit" title="Şablon:Ambox">çeşmäni gör</a>) (goragly)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Esassyz" title="Şablon:Esassyz">Şablon:Esassyz</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Esassyz&action=edit" title="Şablon:Esassyz">çeşmäni gör</a>) (ýarym goragly)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Other_uses" title="Şablon:Other uses">Şablon:Other uses</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Other_uses&action=edit" title="Şablon:Other uses">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler" title="Module:Category handler">Module:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Format_link" title="Module:Format link">Module:Format link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Format_link&action=edit" title="Module:Format link">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote" title="Module:Hatnote">Module:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote/styles.css" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">Module:Hatnote/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote_list" title="Module:Hatnote list">Module:Hatnote list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote_list&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote list">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box" title="Module:Message box">Module:Message box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box&action=edit" title="Module:Message box">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box/configuration" title="Module:Message box/configuration">Module:Message box/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Message box/configuration">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect" title="Module:Namespace detect">Module:Namespace detect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:No_globals" title="Module:No globals">Module:No globals</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:No_globals&action=edit" title="Module:No globals">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Other_uses" title="Module:Other uses">Module:Other uses</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Other_uses&action=edit" title="Module:Other uses">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TableTools" title="Module:TableTools">Module:TableTools</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools&action=edit" title="Module:TableTools">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unsubst" title="Module:Unsubst">Module:Unsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst&action=edit" title="Module:Unsubst">üýtget</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">üýtget</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto"><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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