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<li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_middle_ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_middle_ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early middle ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_middle_ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation_of_Lucerne_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_Lucerne_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Foundation of Lucerne city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_Lucerne_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cantonal_politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cantonal_politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cantonal politics and government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cantonal_politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Federal election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Historic population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Canton of Lucerne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="كانتون لوتسيرن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانتون لوتسيرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_de_Lucerna" title="Cantón de Lucerna – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cantón de Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenton_de_Luts%C3%A8rna" title="Quenton de Lutsèrna – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Quenton de Lutsèrna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_de_Lucerna" title="Cantón de Lucerna – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cantón de Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86)" title="لوسرن (کانتون) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوسرن (کانتون)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_Chiu" title="Luzern Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Luzern Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцэрн (кантон) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Люцэрн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцэрн (кантон) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Люцэрн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцерн (кантон) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Люцерн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3_de_Lucerna" title="Cantó de Lucerna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cantó de Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцерн (кантон) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Люцерн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucern_(kanton)" title="Lucern (kanton) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lucern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne_(canton)" title="Lucerne (canton) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lucerne (canton)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kantona)" title="Luzern (kantona) – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Luzern (kantona)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzerni_kanton" title="Luzerni kanton – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luzerni kanton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Καντόνι της Λουκέρνης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καντόνι της Λουκέρνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_de_Lucerna" title="Cantón de Lucerna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cantón de Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantono_Lucerno" title="Kantono Lucerno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantono Lucerno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzerna_kantonamendua" title="Luzerna kantonamendua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luzerna kantonamendua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86" title="کانتون لوتسرن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانتون لوتسرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Lucerne" title="Canton de Lucerne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canton de Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(Kanton)" title="Luzern (Kanton) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luzern (Kanton)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_de_Lucerna" title="Cantón de Lucerna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cantón de Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%B2%B4%EB%A5%B8%EC%A3%BC" title="루체른주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루체른주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6_(%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6)" title="Լյուցեռն (կանտոն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյուցեռն (կանտոն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="लूसर्न कैन्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लूसर्न कैन्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_ti_Lucerna" title="Kanton ti Lucerna – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kanton ti Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Lucerna" title="Canton de Lucerna – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Canton de Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Luzern" title="Canton de Luzern – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Canton de Luzern" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцерн (кантон) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Люцерн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Lucerna" title="Canton Lucerna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canton Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9F_(%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F)" title="לוצרן (קנטון) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוצרן (קנטון)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლუცერნის კანტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუცერნის კანტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцерн (кантон) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Люцерн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbo_la_Lucerne" title="Jimbo la Lucerne – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jimbo la Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne_(kanton)" title="Lucerne (kanton) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lucerne (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cianton_de_Luzern" title="Cianton de Luzern – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cianton de Luzern" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna_(pagus)" title="Lucerna (pagus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lucerna (pagus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucernas_kantons" title="Lucernas kantons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lucernas kantons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liucernos_kantonas" title="Liucernos kantonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liucernos kantonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_ya_Luz%C9%9B%CC%81rn" title="Kanton ya Luzɛ́rn – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kanton ya Luzɛ́rn" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_L%C3%BCzerna" title="Canton Lüzerna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Canton Lüzerna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_kanton" title="Luzern kanton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luzern kanton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Луцерн (кантон) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луцерн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF)" title="लुत्सर्न (राज्य) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुत्सर्न (राज्य)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="لوسرن کانتون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لوسرن کانتون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ルツェルン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルツェルン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(Kantoon)" title="Luzern (Kantoon) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Luzern (Kantoon)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonen_Luzern" title="Kantonen Luzern – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kantonen Luzern" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Luc%C3%A8rna" title="Canton de Lucèrna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canton de Lucèrna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لوسرن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوسرن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_%C3%ABd_Luserna" title="Canton ëd Luserna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Canton ëd Luserna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna_(kanton)" title="Lucerna (kanton) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lucerna (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna_(cant%C3%A3o)" title="Lucerna (cantão) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lucerna (cantão)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonul_Lucerna" title="Cantonul Lucerna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cantonul Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantun_Lucerna" title="Chantun Lucerna – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chantun Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцерн (кантон) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Люцерн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_Lucern%C3%AB" title="Kantoni Lucernë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kantoni Lucernë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Lucerna" title="Canton Lucerna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Canton Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Canton of Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kant%C3%B3n)" title="Luzern (kantón) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Luzern (kantón)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Luzern" title="Kanton Luzern – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kanton Luzern" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кантон Луцерн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантон Луцерн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kantoni)" title="Luzern (kantoni) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luzern (kantoni)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐลูเซิร์น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐลูเซิร์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kanton)" title="Luzern (kanton) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luzern (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Люцерн (кантон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Люцерн (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86" title="کینٹن لوتسیرن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کینٹن لوتسیرن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Luzerna" title="Canton Luzerna – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canton Luzerna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(bang)" title="Luzern (bang) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luzern (bang)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne_(canton)" title="Lucerne (canton) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lucerne (canton)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%A1%9E%E6%81%A9%E5%B7%9E" title="卢塞恩州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢塞恩州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%89%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%9E" title="琉森州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="琉森州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Canton_of_Lucerne&params=47_5_N_8_7_E_region:CH-LU_type:city(416347)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°5′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°7′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.083°N 8.117°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.083; 8.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canton of Switzerland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canton</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Canton of Lucerne</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kanton Luzern</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Canton of Lucerne"><img alt="Flag of Canton of Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg/100px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg/150px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg/200px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Canton of Lucerne"><img alt="Coat of arms of Canton of Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/66px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/99px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/132px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_of_Lucern_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Canton of Lucerne"><img alt="Official logo of Canton of Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Canton_of_Lucern_logo.png/100px-Canton_of_Lucern_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Canton_of_Lucern_logo.png/150px-Canton_of_Lucern_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Canton_of_Lucern_logo.png/200px-Canton_of_Lucern_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="96" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 275px; height: 175px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="275" data-height="175" data-zoom="6" data-lat="46.7" data-lon="8.25" data-overlays="["_b4372982b0e4d304205ec8830c8939b1b9b55b7c"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/46.7/8.25/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Canton_of_Lucerne&revid=1252438193&groups=_b4372982b0e4d304205ec8830c8939b1b9b55b7c" width="275" height="175" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Canton_of_Lucerne&revid=1252438193&groups=_b4372982b0e4d304205ec8830c8939b1b9b55b7c 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Switzerland <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid grey;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left;">Map of Lucerne</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Kanton_Luzern_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Karte_Kanton_Luzern_2010.png/250px-Karte_Kanton_Luzern_2010.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Karte_Kanton_Luzern_2010.png/375px-Karte_Kanton_Luzern_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Karte_Kanton_Luzern_2010.png/500px-Karte_Kanton_Luzern_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="2155" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Canton_of_Lucerne&params=47_5_N_8_7_E_region:CH-LU_type:city(416347)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°5′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°7′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.083°N 8.117°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.083; 8.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Lucerne" title="Municipalities of the canton of Lucerne">80 municipalities</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Regierungsrat (5)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislative</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kantonsrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantonsrat">Kantonsrat</a> (120)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,493.51 km<sup>2</sup> (576.65 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(December 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_LU_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_LU-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">416,347</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">280/km<sup>2</sup> (720/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 28.176 billion (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CHF 67,936 (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-LU</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Highest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,350 m (7,710 ft): <a href="/wiki/Brienzer_Rothorn" title="Brienzer Rothorn">Brienzer Rothorn</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Lowest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">406 m (1,332 ft): <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a> plain at <a href="/wiki/Honau,_Switzerland" title="Honau, Switzerland">Honauer</a> Schachen</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland#Order_of_accession_of_the_cantons" title="History of Switzerland">Joined</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1332</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data">German</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lu.ch">www<wbr />.lu<wbr />.ch</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>canton of Lucerne</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kanton Luzern</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈkantɔn<span class="wrap"> </span>luˈtsɛrn]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Chantun Lucerna</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Canton de Lucerne</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Canton Lucerna</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">canton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. It is located in the country's central, <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Switzerland" title="German-speaking Switzerland">German-speaking</a> part. The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 416,347.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_LU_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_LU-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population included 57,268 foreigners, or about 15.8% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cantonal capital is the city of <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The canton of Lucerne comprises territories acquired by its capital <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, either by treaty, armed occupation or purchase. The first town acquired was <a href="/wiki/Weggis" title="Weggis">Weggis</a> (in 1380), <a href="/wiki/Rothenburg,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rothenburg, Switzerland">Rothenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kriens" title="Kriens">Kriens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horw" title="Horw">Horw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sempach" title="Sempach">Sempach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hochdorf,_Lucerne" title="Hochdorf, Lucerne">Hochdorf</a> (all in 1394), <a href="/wiki/Wolhusen" title="Wolhusen">Wolhusen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entlebuch" title="Entlebuch">Entlebuch</a> (1405), the so-called "Habsburger region" to the northeast of the town of Lucerne (1406), <a href="/wiki/Willisau" title="Willisau">Willisau</a> (1407), <a href="/wiki/Sursee" title="Sursee">Sursee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berom%C3%BCnster" title="Beromünster">Beromünster</a> (1415), <a href="/wiki/Malters" title="Malters">Malters</a> (1477) and <a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a> (1481), while in 1803, in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Hitzkirch" title="Hitzkirch">Hitzkirch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merenschwand" title="Merenschwand">Merenschwand</a> (held since 1397) was given up.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_canton_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB_canton-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wauwil-Pfahlbauten-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Wauwil-Pfahlbauten-2.jpg/170px-Wauwil-Pfahlbauten-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Wauwil-Pfahlbauten-2.jpg/255px-Wauwil-Pfahlbauten-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Wauwil-Pfahlbauten-2.jpg/340px-Wauwil-Pfahlbauten-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of several stilt houses at <a href="/wiki/Wauwilermoos_pile_dwelling_settlement_(Egolzwil_3)" title="Wauwilermoos pile dwelling settlement (Egolzwil 3)">Wauwilermoos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest traces of humans in the Lucerne area are stone artifacts and <a href="/wiki/Cave_bear" title="Cave bear">cave bear</a> bones found in the Steigelfadbalm cave on Mt. <a href="/wiki/Rigi" title="Rigi">Rigi</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a> or about 30,000 BC. Other animal bones including mammoth, reindeer and giant deer from the <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">local glacial maximum</a> have also been found in the canton. Around 17,000 BC the glaciers disappeared from the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss plateau">Swiss plateau</a> and recolonization is likely at that time. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> settlement discovered in the canton is in the Wauwilermoos, which is now a Swiss <a href="/wiki/Swiss_inventory_of_cultural_property_of_national_and_regional_significance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance">heritage site of national significance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of other settlements have since been found, mainly on sandy, dry elevations in the immediate vicinity of water. The settlements of <a href="/wiki/Wauwilermoos_pile_dwelling_settlement_(Egolzwil_3)" title="Wauwilermoos pile dwelling settlement (Egolzwil 3)">Egolzwil 3</a> in Wauwilermoos in <a href="/wiki/Egolzwil" title="Egolzwil">Egolzwil</a>, Seematte at <a href="/wiki/Hitzkirch" title="Hitzkirch">Hitzkirch</a> and Halbinsel in <a href="/wiki/Sursee" title="Sursee">Sursee</a> are part of the <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps</a> a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Wauwilermoos houses had wooden or bark floors and hearths of clay. The villages had ceramic vessels and wood, bone, antler, stone and flint tools as well as textiles. Copper ax blades and knives provide the first evidence of metal use in Switzerland. Imported mollusks show that there were trade connections to the Mediterranean. The bones at Egolzwil 3 are over two thirds from domestic animals with the remainder from wild animals. The main domesticated animals were sheep, goats and pigs with only a few domestic cattle. The animals hunted included deer, roe deer, wild boar and elk.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> the canton was quite settled. There were a number of settlements on the shores of Lake Sempach and Lake Baldegg along with hilltop settlements, graves and scattered items throughout the area. At Hochdorf-Baldegg a fenced village from the early Bronze Age (2200–1500 BC) was uncovered. The single-story houses all had clay or stone hearths. During the Middle Bronze Age (1550–1350 BC) most of the villages were not located directly on the lake shores. The Late Bronze Age settlement at Sursee-Zellmoos on Lake Sempach featured houses arranged in rows with mortared stone. The walls were timber lined with clay. Another Late Bronze Age settlement near the village of Schötz was densely populated between 1350 and 800 BC. </p><p>While numerous individual <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> items have been found, almost no settlements have been discovered. From the <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt period</a> (800–480 BC) mainly graves have been discovered. Very little is known about the <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène period</a> (480–30 BC) in Lucerne. Some iron tools, gold coins, ceramic vessels and a glass bangle as well as a burial ground with at least four graves have been found. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a>, the canton was once again thickly settled. A number of farms were built in the north–south running valleys (<a href="/wiki/Wigger_(river)" title="Wigger (river)">Wigger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suhre" title="Suhre">Suhre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wynental" class="mw-redirect" title="Wynental">Wyna</a> and See valleys). During the 1st century AD, the farms provided food for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Legion</a> camp in <a href="/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa">Vindonissa</a> and for the larger settlements located in the Swiss plateau. </p><p>Towards the end of the 1st century there was a <a href="/wiki/Vicus_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicus (Rome)">vicus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sursee" title="Sursee">Sursee</a>. The remains of houses show that there were a number of small shops and manufacturing buildings in the town. The west bank of the Suhre was fortified with a stone slip and may have served as a ship or raft berth. Imports from various regions of the Roman Empire (southern Spain, southern Italy, Lipari, southern and eastern Gaul and the Germanic areas) provide evidence of extensive trade relations. Sursee was likely a freight hub for trade with the entire Alpine region.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_middle_ages">Early middle ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early middle ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picswiss_LU-20-40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Picswiss_LU-20-40.jpg/220px-Picswiss_LU-20-40.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Picswiss_LU-20-40.jpg/330px-Picswiss_LU-20-40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Picswiss_LU-20-40.jpg/440px-Picswiss_LU-20-40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of an early medieval church at Sursee</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, the canton of Lucerne was settled by the <a href="/wiki/Alamanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamanni">Alamanni</a>, who generally settled away from the Roman settlements. Some exceptions include a Roman manor at <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCron" title="Büron">Büron</a> and the Roman town of Sursee. An <a href="/wiki/Alamannic_graves#Alemannic_grave_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamannic graves">Alamannic grave field</a> was found at <a href="/wiki/Aesch,_Lucerne" title="Aesch, Lucerne">Aesch</a> with 61 graves with wooden coffins from before the 7th century before. In the women's graves there were necklaces with glass and amber beads, while swords were found in the men's graves. Belt buckles and small iron knives were found in the graves of both sexes. A few items from the southern Alpine region, southern Germany and Burgundy indicate that trade continued. </p><p>Two early medieval stone grave vaults, both of which were used for multiple burials, were found in the church of <a href="/wiki/Altishofen" title="Altishofen">Altishofen</a>. In the treasury of <a href="/wiki/Berom%C3%BCnster" title="Beromünster">Beromünster</a> Abbey there is a 7th-century ornate <a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">reliquary</a> of gilded copper plates, which probably came from northern Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_Lucerne_city">Foundation of Lucerne city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Foundation of Lucerne city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lucerne grew up around a Benedictine monastery, founded about 750 on the right bank of the Reuss by <a href="/wiki/Murbach_Abbey" title="Murbach Abbey">Murbach Abbey</a> in Alsace, of which it long remained a "cell". It is first mentioned in a charter of 840 under the name of <i>Luciaria</i>, which is probably derived from the patron saint of the monastery, St <a href="/wiki/Leodegar" title="Leodegar">Leodegar</a>. The name <i>Lucerrun</i> is first mentioned in 1252. At some point, a small village grew up around the monastery. The first signs of a municipal constitution appear in 1252. </p><p>With the growing power of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> in the area the ties that bound Lucerne to Murbach weakened. In 1291 the Habsburgs finally purchased Lucerne from Murbach. The purchase of Lucerne by the Habsburgs drove the three forest cantons (<a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>) to form an <a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Eternal Alliance</a>, an act that is considered to be the foundation of Switzerland. In 1332 Lucerne became the fourth member of the <i><a href="/wiki/Eidgenossen" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidgenossen">Eidgenossen</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Swiss Confederation">Swiss Confederation</a>, and the first town to join the rural forest cantons. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sempach_Schlachtfresko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sempach_Schlachtfresko.jpg/220px-Sempach_Schlachtfresko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sempach_Schlachtfresko.jpg/330px-Sempach_Schlachtfresko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sempach_Schlachtfresko.jpg/440px-Sempach_Schlachtfresko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>The Battle of Sempach solidified Lucerne's place in the Swiss Confederation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amstaldenhandel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amstaldenhandel.jpg/170px-Amstaldenhandel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amstaldenhandel.jpg/255px-Amstaldenhandel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amstaldenhandel.jpg/340px-Amstaldenhandel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption><i>Amstaldenhandel</i>, an event in the history of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sempach" title="Battle of Sempach">Battle of Sempach</a> (1386) near Sempach (which while allied wouldn't become part of the canton for 8 more years) drove the Habsburgs out of the region and strengthened the Confederation. That victory led also to the gradual acquisition of territory ruled by and from the town. </p><p>Amstalden, a wealthy innkeeper <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCpfheim" title="Schüpfheim">Schüpfheim</a> in the Entlebuch valley of the canton of Lucerne, was the leader of a planned rebellion of the valley against the city of Lucerne. In a plot to limit the power of the city, officials from the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Obwalden">canton of Obwalden</a> had promised their support. The conspiracy was detected before they could stage the planned coup. On 24 August 1478, Amstalden was arrested, tortured and interrogated, and finally beheaded in November 1478. </p><p>The incident furthered the distrust amongst rural and urban cantons in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> and was one of the reasons for the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Stanser_Verkommnis" title="Stanser Verkommnis">Stanser Verkommnis</a> (Treaty of <a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a>) in 1481, an important coalition treaty of the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> Lucerne remained attached to Roman Catholicism. The <a href="/wiki/Papal_nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal nuncio">papal nuncio</a> resided here from 1601 to 1873. In the 16th century, during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">early modern age</a>, the town government fell into the hands of an aristocratic <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchy</a>, whose power, though shaken by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_peasant_war_of_1653" title="Swiss peasant war of 1653">Swiss peasant war of 1653</a> in the Entlebuch, lasted until 1798. Under the <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1798_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars#Other_campaigns" title="Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars">French</a>-supported <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Helvetic republic">Helvetic republic</a> (1798–1803) Lucerne was the seat of the central government. When the republic collapsed, under the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a> (1803) it was one of the six "<a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a>" cantons and during the <a href="/wiki/Restauration_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restauration (Switzerland)">Restoration</a> (from 1815 to 1848) it was one of the three ruling cantons. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patrician</a> government was swept away by the cantonal constitution of 1831. But in 1841 the Conservatives regained power. They quickly recalled the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a>, who had been expelled by earlier radical governments, to head the cantonal school system. The riots that followed brought about the <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_War" title="Sonderbund War">Sonderbund War</a> (1847) in which the Conservatives were defeated, the decisive battle taking place at Gisikon, not far from Lucerne.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_city_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB_city-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The canton of Lucerne is part of <a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a>. The lands of the canton lie on the northern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urner_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Urner Alps">Urner Alps</a>). The highest elevation of the canton of Lucerne is at the <i>Brienzer Rothorn</i> at 2,350 m (7,710 ft). It borders the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> to the west. Its territory corresponds to the subject territories acquired by the city of <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> during the 14th and 15th centuries, including: Lucerne proper at the outflow of the <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a> river from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a>; the stretch of the Reuss river between Lucerne and <a href="/wiki/Honau,_Switzerland" title="Honau, Switzerland">Honau</a>, along <a href="/wiki/Rooterberg" title="Rooterberg">Rooterberg</a> hill (connecting to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zug" title="Lake Zug">Lake Zug</a> with the territory of <a href="/wiki/Meierskappel" title="Meierskappel">Meierskappel</a> municipality); the <a href="/wiki/Kleine_Emme" title="Kleine Emme">Kleine Emme</a> basin (including its tributaries <i>Entle</i> and <i>Rümlig</i>); the tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a> between <a href="/wiki/Napf" title="Napf">Napf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lindenberg_(Switzerland)" title="Lindenberg (Switzerland)">Lindenberg</a>, including (west to east) <a href="/wiki/Wigger_(river)" title="Wigger (river)">Wigger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suhre" title="Suhre">Suhre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Sempach" title="Lake Sempach">Lake Sempach</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wyna_(river)" title="Wyna (river)">Wyna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aabach_(Seetal)" title="Aabach (Seetal)">Aabach</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Hallwil" title="Lake Hallwil">Lake Hallwil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baldegg" title="Lake Baldegg">Lake Baldegg</a>); two territories connected only by water, across Lake Lucerne: the northern slope of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgenstock" title="Bürgenstock">Bürgenstock</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> municipality), and the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Greppen" title="Greppen">Greppen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weggis" title="Weggis">Weggis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitznau" title="Vitznau">Vitznau</a> on the western and south-western slopes of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Rigi">Mount Rigi</a>. </p><p>The area of the canton is 1,493 km<sup>2</sup> (576 sq mi). 817.7 km<sup>2</sup> (315.7 sq mi), about 55% of the total land area, is used for agriculture. An additional 449.0 km<sup>2</sup> (173.4 sq mi) (about 30%) of the canton is wooded. The remainder of the canton is either developed, 125.3 km<sup>2</sup> (48.4 sq mi) (8.4%), or unproductive (lakes, rivers or mountains), 101.5 km<sup>2</sup> (39.2 sq mi) (6.8%).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_subdivisions">Political subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Luzern_farbig_2013.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Luzern_farbig_2013.png/220px-Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Luzern_farbig_2013.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Luzern_farbig_2013.png/330px-Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Luzern_farbig_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Luzern_farbig_2013.png/440px-Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Luzern_farbig_2013.png 2x" data-file-width="2951" data-file-height="2972" /></a><figcaption>Districts and municipalities (as of 2013)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Canton is divided into six districts (<i>Wahlkreise</i>): <a href="/wiki/Entlebuch_(Amt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entlebuch (Amt)">Entlebuch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hochdorf_(Amt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochdorf (Amt)">Hochdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucerne-Land_District" title="Lucerne-Land District">Luzern-Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucerne-Stadt_District" title="Lucerne-Stadt District">Luzern-Stadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sursee_(Amt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sursee (Amt)">Sursee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willisau_(Amt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Willisau (Amt)">Willisau</a>. </p><p>Before 2007, the districts were called <i>Ämter</i>. There were five districts until 2013, when <a href="/wiki/Luzern_(Amt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luzern (Amt)">Luzern District</a> was divided into <i>Luzern-Land</i> and <i>Luzern-Stadt</i>, the latter corresponding to the city of <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> proper (including <a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a>, incorporated into Lucerne in 2010). </p><p>There are 83 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Lucerne" title="Municipalities of the canton of Lucerne">municipalities in the canton</a> (As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cantonal_politics_and_government">Cantonal politics and government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cantonal politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution of Lucerne of 2007 entered into force on 1 January 2008, replacing the 1875 constitution. </p><p>With the new constitution, the legislative body <i>Grosser Rat</i> (Grand Council) was renamed to <i>Kantonsrat</i> (Cantonal Council). It is composed of 120 members elected by proportional representation. </p><p>The executive body is the <i>Regierungsrat</i> (Government Council), composed of 5 members. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">Christian Democratic People's Party</a> (CVP) is traditionally the largest party, having won 38 seats in the Cantonal Council as of the 2015 elections, and having two out of five members in the Government Council as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_election_results">Federal election results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Federal election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="15">Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971-2015<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th class="unsortable">Ideology</th> <th>1971</th> <th>1975</th> <th>1979</th> <th>1983</th> <th>1987</th> <th>1991</th> <th>1995</th> <th>1999</th> <th>2003</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2015 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP.The Liberals</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">a</a></sup> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#0E52A0"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></td> <td>30.0</td> <td>29.1</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>28.6</td> <td>29.8</td> <td>27.9</td> <td>25.5</td> <td>22.6</td> <td>23.1</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>18.4</td> <td>18.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EF7D00"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></td> <td>48.8</td> <td>50.1</td> <td>50.4</td> <td>49.6</td> <td>47.0</td> <td>48.6</td> <td>37.3</td> <td>33.8</td> <td>29.5</td> <td>30.2</td> <td>27.1</td> <td>23.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#E4002B"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></td> <td>12.4</td> <td>13.4</td> <td>12.5</td> <td>11.8</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>11.0</td> <td>11.7</td> <td>10.0</td> <td>11.1</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>13.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP/UDC</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#009F4F"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss nationalism">Swiss nationalism</a></td> <td>* <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_b"><a href="#endnote_b">b</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>14.1</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>22.9</td> <td>25.3</td> <td>25.1</td> <td>28.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independents" title="Alliance of Independents">Ring of Independents</a> </th> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></td> <td>8.7</td> <td>5.3</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland">EVP/PEV</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EFDA18"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.8</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Switzerland)" title="Christian Social Party (Switzerland)">CSP/PCS</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#0F95A7"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">GLP/PVL</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#b4dc00"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>6.1</td> <td>5.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland">BDP/PBD</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FBD918"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>2.1</td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Organizations_of_Switzerland" title="Progressive Organizations of Switzerland">POCH</a> </th> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>5.1</td> <td>8.4</td> <td><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">GPS/PES</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#84B414"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>9.3</td> <td>8.1</td> <td>8.0</td> <td>9.8</td> <td>9.5</td> <td>8.3</td> <td>7.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>FGA </th> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>8.7</td> <td><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_d"><a href="#endnote_d">d</a></sup></td> <td>0.8</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Democrats" title="Swiss Democrats">SD/DS</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#CD5B45"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>1.3</td> <td>1.4</td> <td>2.8</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>0.8</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Freedom Party of Switzerland">FPS/PSL</a> </th> <td style="color:inherit;background:#8D1919"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>3.4</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>*</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>1.1</td> <td>2.5</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voter participation %</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>66.3</th> <th>63.9</th> <th>59.2</th> <th>60.5</th> <th>54.3</th> <th>50.5</th> <th>49.4</th> <th>52.9</th> <th>50.9</th> <th>53.0</th> <th>50.9</th> <th>50.9 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^a</a></b></span> FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_b"><b><a href="#ref_b">^b</a></b></span> "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_c"><b><a href="#ref_c">^c</a></b></span> Part of a coalition with the FGA</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_d"><b><a href="#ref_d">^d</a></b></span> Part of a coalition with the Green Party</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents 2013<sup id="cite_ref-Lustat2013_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lustat2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Numbers</th> <th>% of total<br />(% of foreigners) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>14,093</td> <td>3.6 (20.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>7,147</td> <td>1.8 (10.1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>7,063</td> <td>1.8 (10.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>6,641</td> <td>1.7 (9.4) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>5,986</td> <td>1.5 (8.5) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a></td> <td>2,299</td> <td>0.6 (3.3) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>2,203</td> <td>0.6 (3.1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>2,137</td> <td>0.5 (3.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>2,037</td> <td>0.5 (2.9) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1,624</td> <td>0.4 (2.3) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>1,567</td> <td>0.4 (2.2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>1,477</td> <td>0.4 (2.1) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lucerne has a population (as of December 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of 416,347.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_LU_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_LU-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 18.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals, of which 15.5% are from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, 1.4% from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, 0.7% from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and 0.5% from <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lustat2013_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lustat2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of −0.4%. Migration accounted for −1.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the population (as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) speaks <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (91%) as their first language, while <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="English Language">English</a> are the second most common languages (3%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> with 2% each, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> with 1%.<sup id="cite_ref-Lustat2010Lang_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lustat2010Lang-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the population in the canton, 115,233 or about 32.9% were born in Lucerne and lived there in 2000. There were 101,980 or 29.1% who were born in the same canton, while 66,486 or 19.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 55,314 or 15.8% were born outside of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 158,345 people who were single and never married in the canton. There were 159,152 married individuals, 18,853 widows or widowers and 14,154 individuals who are divorced.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 13,430 private households in the canton, and an average of 2.5 persons per household.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 47,012 households that consist of only one person and 12,952 households with five or more people. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the construction rate of new housing units was 4.7 new units per 1000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2003<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the average price to rent an average apartment in Lucerne city was 1150.31 <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss francs</a> (CHF) per month (US$920, £520, €740 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 646.07 CHF (US$520, £290, €410), a two-room apartment was about 879.64 CHF (US$700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1033.60 CHF (US$830, £470, €660) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2032.38 CHF (US$1630, £910, €1300). The average apartment price in Lucerne was 103.1% of the national average of 1116 CHF.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_rent_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_rent-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vacancy rate for the canton, in 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, was 0.77%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest population centres are <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmen,_Switzerland" title="Emmen, Switzerland">Emmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kriens" title="Kriens">Kriens</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_population">Historic population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historic population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historical population is given in the following chart:<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_a90lalveljxwd7d8yslexpi4otperdv"></map><img usemap="#timeline_a90lalveljxwd7d8yslexpi4otperdv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/a90lalveljxwd7d8yslexpi4otperdv.png" /></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10">Demographic history of the Canton of Luzern 1850–2000 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Year</b></td> <td>1850</td> <td>1880</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1950</td> <td>1970</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Population</td> <td>132,843</td> <td>134,708</td> <td>146,519</td> <td>223,249</td> <td>289,641</td> <td>350,504 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Percent of Total Swiss Population</td> <td>5.6%</td> <td>4.8%</td> <td>4.4%</td> <td>4.7%</td> <td>4.6%</td> <td>4.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Language</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>German</td> <td></td> <td>134,155</td> <td>143,337</td> <td>216,647</td> <td>263,310</td> <td>311,543 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Italian</td> <td></td> <td>294</td> <td>2,204</td> <td>3,587</td> <td>15,635</td> <td>6,801 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>French</td> <td></td> <td>302</td> <td>747</td> <td>2,150</td> <td>2,015</td> <td>2,053 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>64</td> <td>338</td> <td>525</td> <td>388 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Other</td> <td></td> <td>50</td> <td>167</td> <td>527</td> <td>8,156</td> <td>29,719 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Religion</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Catholic<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>131,280</td> <td>129,172</td> <td>134,020</td> <td>189,917</td> <td>246,888</td> <td>248,545 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Protestant</td> <td>1,563</td> <td>5,419</td> <td>12,085</td> <td>30,396</td> <td>38,639</td> <td>42,926 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christian Catholic</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,129</td> <td>741</td> <td>471 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Other</td> <td></td> <td>215</td> <td>414</td> <td>1,807</td> <td>3,373</td> <td>58,562 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><i>Other, Jewish</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>152</i></td> <td><i>319</i></td> <td><i>497</i></td> <td><i>563</i></td> <td><i>399</i> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><i>Other, Islam</i></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>372</i></td> <td><i>13,227</i> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td><i>Other, None</i><sup id="cite_ref-ex2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ex2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>1,672</i></td> <td><i>20,681</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nationality</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Swiss</td> <td>132,252</td> <td>132,583</td> <td>140,176</td> <td>216,600</td> <td>259,498</td> <td>294,709 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Foreign</td> <td>591</td> <td>2,223</td> <td>6,343</td> <td>6,649</td> <td>30,143</td> <td>55,795 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10">Notes<br /> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Before 1950 includes Christian Catholic, from 1950 onward only Roman Catholic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ex2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ex2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Belonging to no organized religious group</span> </li> </ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Switzerland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Central_Switzerland.jpg/220px-Central_Switzerland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Central_Switzerland.jpg/330px-Central_Switzerland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Central_Switzerland.jpg/440px-Central_Switzerland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Lucerne area and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_(mountain)" title="Pilatus (mountain)">Pilatus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Much of the land in the canton is used for agriculture. Agriculture is the most significant source of income, but industry is also developed. The most important agricultural products are <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">crops</a>, fruit and cattle breeding. Industry concentrates on textiles, <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a>, paper, wood, tobacco and metallurgical goods. </p><p>Tourism is of great importance. The canton of Lucerne is a gateway to holiday resorts in the nearby Alps, and much of the transit traffic between Germany and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> crosses the region. </p><p>As of  2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Luzern had an unemployment rate of 1.4%. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 1,764 people employed in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary economic sector</a> and about 703 businesses involved in this sector. 5,388 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> and there were 324 businesses in this sector. 9,431 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>, with 1,113 businesses in this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the total number of <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">full-time equivalent</a> jobs was 160,133. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 9,608, of which 9,462 were in agriculture, 119 were in forestry or lumber production and 27 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 48,191 of which 31,698 or (65.8%) were in manufacturing, 142 or (0.3%) were in mining and 14,990 (31.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 102,334. In the tertiary sector; 25,105 or 24.5% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 8,182 or 8.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 8,146 or 8.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3,835 or 3.7% were in the information industry, 7,000 or 6.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 10,979 or 10.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 8,111 or 7.9% were in education and 15,924 or 15.6% were in health care.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the working population, 12.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 48.5% used a private car.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 2000 census<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 248,545 or 70.9% were Roman Catholic, while 39,426 or 11.2% belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed Church</a>. Of the rest of the population, there were 7,801 <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">members of an Orthodox church</a> (or 2.23% of the population), there were 471 individuals (or 0.13% of the population) who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christian Catholic Church</a>, and there were 7,564 individuals (or 2.16% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 399 individuals (or 0.11% of the population) who were Jewish, and 13,227 (or 3.77% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 875 individuals who were <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, 1,715 individuals who were <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> and 293 individuals who belonged to another church. 20,681 (or 5.90% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, and 13,007 individuals (or 3.71% of the population) did not answer the question.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Luzern" class="mw-redirect" title="Luzern">Luzern</a> about 127,331 or (36.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary" title="Education in Switzerland">upper secondary education</a>, and 42,391 or (12.1%) have completed additional <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> (either <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Switzerland" title="List of universities in Switzerland">universities</a> or a <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>). Of the 42,391 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.0% were Swiss men, 23.6% were Swiss women, 7.0% were non-Swiss men and 4.4% were non-Swiss women.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Institutions of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucerne University of Applied Sciences">Lucerne University of Applied Sciences</a> which also has campuses in <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horw" title="Horw">Horw</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/Kantone.assetdetail.1420913.html">Arealstatistik Land Cover - 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit%2C+Geschlecht+und+Kantonen&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Federal+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F01%2F02%2Fblank%2Fkey%2Fraeumliche_verteilung%2Fkantone__gemeinden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB_canton-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB_canton_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Brevoort_Coolidge" class="mw-redirect" title="William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lucerne (canton)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lucerne_(canton)">"Lucerne (canton)" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–97, see final lines. <q>...while in 1803, in exchange for Hitzkirch, Merenschwand (held since 1397) was given up</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucerne+%28canton%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=96-97%2C+see+final+lines&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html">"KGS-Inventar"</a>. <i>KGS Inventar</i> (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html">the original</a> on 28 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KGS+Inventar&rft.atitle=KGS-Inventar&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch%2Finternet%2Fbs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fthemen%2Fkgs%2Fkgs_inventar%2Fa-objekte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1363/">UNESCO World Heritage Site – Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lucerne</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D007382.php"><span title="Lucerne in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F007382.php"><span title="Lucerne in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I007382.php"><span title="Lucerne in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB_city-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB_city_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Brevoort_Coolidge" class="mw-redirect" title="William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lucerne (town)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lucerne_(town)">"Lucerne (town)" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 97; four lines from the end. <q>...and so brought about the Sonderbund War (1847) in which they were defeated, the decisive battle taking place at Gisikon, not far from Lucerne</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucerne+%28town%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=97%3B+four+lines+from+the+end&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Department_of_Statistics2008" class="citation web cs1">Federal Department of Statistics (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090725063713/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/key/01/zustand_und_entwicklung__tabelle.html">"Arealstatistik – Kantonsdaten nach 15 Nutzungsarten"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/key/01/zustand_und_entwicklung__tabelle.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Microsoft Excel)</span> on 25 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arealstatistik+%E2%80%93+Kantonsdaten+nach+15+Nutzungsarten&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Federal+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F02%2F03%2Fblank%2Fkey%2F01%2Fzustand_und_entwicklung__tabelle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html">"Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz"</a>. <i>Swiss Federal Statistical Office</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.atitle=Amtliches+Gemeindeverzeichnis+der+Schweiz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Finfothek%2Fnomenklaturen%2Fblank%2Fblank%2Fgem_liste%2F03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%)</a> (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">the original</a> on 2 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Nationalratswahlen%3A+St%C3%A4rke+der+Parteien+nach+Kantonen+%28Schweiz+%3D+100%25%29&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F17%2F02%2Fblank%2Fdos%2F09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lustat2013-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lustat2013_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lustat2013_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141123185530/http://www2.lustat.ch/download/lustat_new/kt/0003/w012_019t_kt0003_ss_d_2013.html">"Ausländische Personen nach Nationalität und Status Ende 2013 – Kanton Luzern"</a>. <i>lustat.ch</i> (Database excerpt) (in German). lustat – Statistik Luzern, Kanton Luzern. 18 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lustat.ch/download/lustat_new/kt/0003/w012_019t_kt0003_ss_d_2013.html">the original</a> on 23 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lustat.ch&rft.atitle=Ausl%C3%A4ndische+Personen+nach+Nationalit%C3%A4t+und+Status+Ende+2013+%E2%80%93+Kanton+Luzern&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lustat.ch%2Fdownload%2Flustat_new%2Fkt%2F0003%2Fw012_019t_kt0003_ss_d_2013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFSO-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/regionalportraets.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115203755/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/regionalportraets.html">Archived</a> 15 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 17 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lustat2010Lang-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lustat2010Lang_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141123185532/http://www2.lustat.ch/download/lustat_new/kt/0003/w163_005t_kt0003_zz_d_0000_002.html">"Wohnbevölkerung nach Hauptsprachen seit 2010 – Kanton Luzern"</a>. <i>lustat.ch</i> (Database excerpt) (in German). lustat – Statistik Luzern, Kanton Luzern. 10 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lustat.ch/download/lustat_new/kt/0003/w163_005t_kt0003_zz_d_0000_002.html">the original</a> on 23 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lustat.ch&rft.atitle=Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Hauptsprachen+seit+2010+%E2%80%93+Kanton+Luzern&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lustat.ch%2Fdownload%2Flustat_new%2Fkt%2F0003%2Fw163_005t_kt0003_zz_d_0000_002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STAT2000-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true">STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409212530/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true">Archived</a> 9 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>. Retrieved 2 February 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFS_rent-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BFS_rent_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/05/06/blank/key/einfuehrung.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423161803/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/05/06/blank/key/einfuehrung.html">Archived</a> 23 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2003 data <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>. Retrieved 26 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true">Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1–3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true">Archived</a> 25 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>. Retrieved 28 January 2011</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_of_Lucerne&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canton_of_Lucerne" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canton of Lucerne">Canton of Lucerne</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lu.ch/">Official Site</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staatsarchiv.lu.ch/index/english.htm">Public Records Office / State Archive</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070421220157/http://www.rawi.lu.ch/geoinformation_vermessung/geoportal.htm">Geoportal</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> GIS</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/lu/key.html">Official Statistics</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._B._Coolidge" title="W. A. B. Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lucerne (canton)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lucerne_(canton)">"Lucerne (canton)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 96–97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucerne+%28canton%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=96-97&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanton+of+Lucerne" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Canton of Lucerne</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7382.php"><span title="Canton of Lucerne in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7382.php"><span title="Canton of Lucerne in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7382.php"><span title="Canton of Lucerne in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Switzerland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland_topics" title="Template talk:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Switzerland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Major topics</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Switzerland" title="Category:Switzerland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12121#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12121#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110870219">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126073629">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036734-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50051976">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12106122n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12106122n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luzern (Švýcarsko : kanton)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge487328&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557382305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/50a7af21-30e8-4884-b238-6a615728ad23">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/007382">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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