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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" > 33 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83_%D0%B0%D2%B3%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BD%D2%AD%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D3%99%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Иахьа изхагылоу аҳәынҭқарцәа рсиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иахьа изхагылоу аҳәынҭқарцәа рсиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="قائمة الملوك الحاليين للدول ذات السيادة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة الملوك الحاليين للدول ذات السيادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haz%C4%B1rk%C4%B1_monarxlar%C4%B1n_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Hazırkı monarxların siyahısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hazırkı monarxların siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্রভিত্তিক বর্তমান রাজাদের তালিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্রভিত্তিক বর্তমান রাজাদের তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на съвременни монарси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Списък на съвременни монарси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_monarques_sobirans_actuals" title="Llista de monarques sobirans actuals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de monarques sobirans actuals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_vl%C3%A1dnouc%C3%ADch_panovn%C3%ADk%C5%AF" title="Seznam vládnoucích panovníků – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam vládnoucích panovníků" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuv%C3%A6rende_suver%C3%A6ne_monarker" title="Nuværende suveræne monarker – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nuværende suveræne monarker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Monarcas_actuales_de_estados_soberanos" title="Anexo:Monarcas actuales de estados soberanos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Monarcas actuales de estados soberanos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_monar%C4%A5oj_de_la_mondo" title="Listo de monarĥoj de la mondo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de monarĥoj de la mondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فهرست پادشاهان کنونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست پادشاهان کنونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="현재의 군주 목록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="현재의 군주 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Ներկայիս ինքնիշխան միապետների ցանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ներկայիս ինքնիշխան միապետների ցանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_penguasa_monarki_berdaulat_saat_ini" title="Daftar penguasa monarki berdaulat saat ini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar penguasa monarki berdaulat saat ini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Бусагъатда патчахлыкъ этген монархланы тизими – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Бусагъатда патчахлыкъ этген монархланы тизими" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ამჟამინდელი მონარქების სია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამჟამინდელი მონარქების სია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Билік басындағы монархтардың тізімі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Билік басындағы монархтардың тізімі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kort%C3%A1rs_uralkod%C3%B3k_list%C3%A1ja" title="Kortárs uralkodók listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kortárs uralkodók listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Список на тековни монарси – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Список на тековни монарси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%E3%81%AE%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="現在の君主の一覧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="現在の君主の一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_regjerende_konger_og_dronninger" title="Liste over regjerende konger og dronninger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over regjerende konger og dronninger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%81_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="موجودہ خودمختار شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موجودہ خودمختار شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_istniej%C4%85cych_monarchii" title="Lista istniejących monarchii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lista istniejących monarchii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_monarcas_soberanos_atuais" title="Lista de monarcas soberanos atuais – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de monarcas soberanos atuais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_monarhiilor_contemporane" title="Lista monarhiilor contemporane – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lista monarhiilor contemporane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Список правящих монархов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список правящих монархов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_s%C3%BA%C4%8Dasn%C3%BDch_vl%C3%A1dnucich_monarchov" title="Zoznam súčasných vládnucich monarchov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam súčasných vládnucich monarchov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_vallassa_olevista_monarkeista" title="Luettelo vallassa olevista monarkeista – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo vallassa olevista monarkeista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BCzdeki_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1z_h%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdarlar_listesi" title="Günümüzdeki bağımsız hükümdarlar listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Günümüzdeki bağımsız hükümdarlar listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Список чинних монархів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Список чинних монархів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%81_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="خودمختار ریاستوں کے موجودہ فرماں رواوں کی فہرست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خودمختار ریاستوں کے موجودہ فرماں رواوں کی فہرست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg/82px-Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg/123px-Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg/164px-Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="711" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/90px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/135px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/180px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1025" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Naruhito_and_Masako_visit_Bogor_Palace_48_%28cropped%29.jpg/95px-Naruhito_and_Masako_visit_Bogor_Palace_48_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Naruhito_and_Masako_visit_Bogor_Palace_48_%28cropped%29.jpg/143px-Naruhito_and_Masako_visit_Bogor_Palace_48_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Naruhito_and_Masako_visit_Bogor_Palace_48_%28cropped%29.jpg/190px-Naruhito_and_Masako_visit_Bogor_Palace_48_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="678" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg/95px-Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg/143px-Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg/190px-Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="2003" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Monarchs of various countries: <ul><li>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchs</a> (top row): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Brunei" title="List of sultans of Brunei">Sultan of Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King of Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">executive monarchs</a> (middle row): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Adam_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Hans-Adam II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Prince of Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">King of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck">Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">Dragon King Of Bhutan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">ceremonial monarchs</a> (bottom row): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div> A <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a>, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for <a href="/wiki/Life_tenure" title="Life tenure">life</a> or until <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdication</a>, and typically <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inherits</a> the throne by birth.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Monarchs may be <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">autocrats</a> (as in all <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchies</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> or may be <a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">ceremonial</a> <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figureheads</a>, exercising only limited or no <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a> at all, with actual authority vested in a <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Executive_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive cabinet">executive cabinet</a> (as in many <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchies</a>).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In many cases, a monarch will also be <a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">linked</a> with a <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> may rule when the monarch is a <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absenteeism" title="Absenteeism">not present</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Capacity_(law)" title="Capacity (law)">otherwise incapable</a> of ruling.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as <a href="/wiki/Coregency" title="Coregency">coregencies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hindley-6">[6]</a> A variety of <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and noble ranks">titles</a> are applied in English; for example, "king" and "queen", "prince" and "princess", "grand duke" and "grand duchess", "emperor" and "empress". Although they will be <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">addressed</a> differently in their local languages, the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">names</a> and titles in the list below have been styled using the common English equivalent. <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a>, used to distinguish related rulers with the same name,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> have been applied where typical. In political and sociocultural studies, monarchies are normally associated with <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary rule</a>; most monarchs, in both historical and contemporary contexts, have been born and raised within a <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royal family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hindley-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Succession</a> has been defined using a variety of distinct formulae, such as <a href="/wiki/Proximity_of_blood" title="Proximity of blood">proximity of blood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_seniority" title="Agnatic seniority">agnatic seniority</a>. Some monarchies, however, are not hereditary, and the ruler is instead determined through an <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective</a> process; a modern example is the throne of Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> These systems defy the model concept of a monarchy, but are commonly considered as such because they retain certain associative characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Many systems use a combination of hereditary and elective elements, where the election or nomination of a successor is restricted to members of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_descent" title="Royal descent">royal bloodline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Entries below are listed beside their respective dominions, which are organised alphabetically. These monarchs reign as head of state in their respective <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>. Monarchs reigning over a constituent division, cultural or traditional polity are listed under <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent monarchs">constituent monarchs</a>. For a list of former ruling families or abolished thrones, see: <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_former_ruling_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of former ruling families">former ruling families</a>. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monarchs_by_country">Monarchs by country</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Monarchs by country">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title </th> <th>Monarch </th> <th class="unsortable">Portrait </th> <th>Coat of Arms and Emblems </th> <th>Sovereign state(s) </th> <th>Since (Length) </th> <th>House </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Heir to the throne </th> <th class="unsortable" width="50px"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Co-Prince</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[a]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joan_Enric_Vives_i_Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Joan Enric Vives i Sicília">Joan Enric Vives i Sicília</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Mons._Vives_(30612833490).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mons._Vives_%2830612833490%29.jpg/79px-Mons._Vives_%2830612833490%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mons._Vives_%2830612833490%29.jpg/119px-Mons._Vives_%2830612833490%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mons._Vives_%2830612833490%29.jpg/159px-Mons._Vives_%2830612833490%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="755" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_high_authorities_of_Andorra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_high_authorities_of_Andorra.svg/55px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_high_authorities_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_high_authorities_of_Andorra.svg/82px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_high_authorities_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_high_authorities_of_Andorra.svg/109px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_high_authorities_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> </td> <td>12 May 2003 (21 years, 290 days) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A9age_of_Andorra_(1278)" title="Paréage of Andorra (1278)">Ex officio</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> <a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg/75px-Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg/112px-Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg/150px-Emmanuel_Macron_August_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="1425" /></a> </td> <td>14 May 2017 (7 years, 288 days) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Monarch's_role_in_the_realms" title="Commonwealth realm">King</a> </td> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a> </td> <td rowspan="15" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Charles_III_(July_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/71px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/106px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/142px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1025" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_Coat_of_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Coat_of_Arms.svg/49px-Antigua_and_Barbuda_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Coat_of_Arms.svg/75px-Antigua_and_Barbuda_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Coat_of_Arms.svg/99px-Antigua_and_Barbuda_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td rowspan="15">8 September 2022<a href="#cite_note-17">[c]</a> (2 years, 171 days) </td> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[d]</a> </td> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> </td> <td rowspan="15" align="center"><a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a> <a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a> <a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a> <a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a> <a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> <a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a> <a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> <a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> <a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> <a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> <a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> <a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> <a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> <a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> <a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Bahamas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Bahamas.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Bahamas.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Bahamas.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/49px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/98px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_(2022-).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%282022-%29.png/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%282022-%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%282022-%29.png/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%282022-%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%282022-%29.png/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%282022-%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg/49px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/50px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/75px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/100px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Lucia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/49px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tuvalu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Tuvalu.svg/49px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Tuvalu.svg/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Tuvalu.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_variant_2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Hamed_bin_Issa_of_Bahrain,_May_2017_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/King_Hamed_bin_Issa_of_Bahrain%2C_May_2017_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/75px-King_Hamed_bin_Issa_of_Bahrain%2C_May_2017_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/King_Hamed_bin_Issa_of_Bahrain%2C_May_2017_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/113px-King_Hamed_bin_Issa_of_Bahrain%2C_May_2017_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/King_Hamed_bin_Issa_of_Bahrain%2C_May_2017_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-King_Hamed_bin_Issa_of_Bahrain%2C_May_2017_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="230" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Kingdom_of_Bahrain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Kingdom_of_Bahrain.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Kingdom_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Kingdom_of_Bahrain.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Kingdom_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Kingdom_of_Bahrain.svg/99px-Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Kingdom_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td>6 March 1999<a href="#cite_note-35">[e]</a> (25 years, 357 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Khalifa" title="House of Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a><a href="#cite_note-Utbah-37">[f]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Salman, Crown Prince of Bahrain</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-bahr-34">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/76px-Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/113px-Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/151px-Sergio_Mattarella_and_Belgian_King_Philippe_at_Quirinale_in_2021_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="620" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Belgium.svg/50px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Belgium.svg/75px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Belgium.svg/100px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>21 July 2013 (11 years, 220 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[g]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth,_Duchess_of_Brabant" title="Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant">Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, Princess of Belgium</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[h]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-42">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">King</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[i]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck">Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg/69px-Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg/104px-Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg/139px-Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="711" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/61px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/92px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/122px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </td> <td>9 December 2006<a href="#cite_note-45">[j]</a> (18 years, 79 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wangchuck" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Wangchuck">Wangchuck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck">Jigme Namgyel</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-46">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Brunei" title="List of sultans of Brunei">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:His_Majesty_Bolkiah_20231216.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/His_Majesty_Bolkiah_20231216.jpg/75px-His_Majesty_Bolkiah_20231216.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/His_Majesty_Bolkiah_20231216.jpg/112px-His_Majesty_Bolkiah_20231216.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/His_Majesty_Bolkiah_20231216.jpg/150px-His_Majesty_Bolkiah_20231216.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="798" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Brunei.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emblem_of_Brunei.svg/63px-Emblem_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emblem_of_Brunei.svg/95px-Emblem_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emblem_of_Brunei.svg/126px-Emblem_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td> <td>5 October 1967<a href="#cite_note-48">[k]</a> (57 years, 144 days)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states#Brunei" title="Talk:List of current monarchs of sovereign states">discuss</a>] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bolkiah" title="House of Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Al-Muhtadee Billah</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-brunei-47">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Norodom_Sihamoni_(2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/King_Norodom_Sihamoni_%282019%29.jpg/75px-King_Norodom_Sihamoni_%282019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/King_Norodom_Sihamoni_%282019%29.jpg/112px-King_Norodom_Sihamoni_%282019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/King_Norodom_Sihamoni_%282019%29.jpg/150px-King_Norodom_Sihamoni_%282019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="553" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/55px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/83px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/110px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td>14 October 2004<a href="#cite_note-50">[l]</a> (20 years, 135 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Norodom" title="House of Norodom">Norodom</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[m]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td>Hereditary and elective<a href="#cite_note-55">[n]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-cambo-51">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederik,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2018_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/75px-Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/112px-Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Frederik%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark_in_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_(2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%282024%29.svg/54px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%282024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%282024%29.svg/81px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%282024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%282024%29.svg/108px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%282024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Denmark</a> </td> <td>14 January 2024 (1 year, 43 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a><a href="#cite_note-Glucks-57">[o]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[p]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark">Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-59">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Mswati_III_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/King_Mswati_III_2024.jpg/72px-King_Mswati_III_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/King_Mswati_III_2024.jpg/108px-King_Mswati_III_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/King_Mswati_III_2024.jpg/144px-King_Mswati_III_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1624" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg/149px-Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg/198px-Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </td> <td>25 April 1986 (38 years, 307 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dlamini" title="House of Dlamini">Dlamini</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Swazi_throne" title="Succession to the Swazi throne">Hereditary and elective</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[q]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-63">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[r]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Naruhito_201905_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Emperor_Naruhito_201905_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/75px-Emperor_Naruhito_201905_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Emperor_Naruhito_201905_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/112px-Emperor_Naruhito_201905_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Emperor_Naruhito_201905_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/150px-Emperor_Naruhito_201905_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="1377" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/50px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/75px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>1 May 2019<a href="#cite_note-67">[s]</a> (5 years, 301 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Yamato</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[t]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fumihito,_Crown_Prince_of_Japan" title="Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan">Fumihito, Prince Akishino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">Heir presumptive</a>)<a href="#cite_note-72">[u]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-73">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">Abdullah II</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Abdullah_II_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/King_Abdullah_II_%28cropped%29.jpg/72px-King_Abdullah_II_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/King_Abdullah_II_%28cropped%29.jpg/108px-King_Abdullah_II_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/King_Abdullah_II_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-King_Abdullah_II_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="487" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg/66px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg/132px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>7 February 1999<a href="#cite_note-75">[v]</a> (26 years, 19 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Al Hāshim</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Jordanian_throne" title="Succession to the Jordanian throne">Hereditary and elective</a> (presumably <a href="/wiki/Hussein,_Crown_Prince_of_Jordan" title="Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan">Hussein bin Abdullah</a>)<a href="#cite_note-77">[w]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-78">[55]</a> <a href="#cite_note-79">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Emir</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Emir_of_Kuwait_Sheikh_Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emir_of_Kuwait_Sheikh_Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah.jpg/74px-Emir_of_Kuwait_Sheikh_Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emir_of_Kuwait_Sheikh_Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah.jpg/111px-Emir_of_Kuwait_Sheikh_Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emir_of_Kuwait_Sheikh_Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah.jpg/148px-Emir_of_Kuwait_Sheikh_Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="1202" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/62px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/93px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg/124px-Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>16 December 2023<a href="#cite_note-81">[x]</a> (1 year, 72 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sabah" title="House of Sabah">Al Sabah</a><a href="#cite_note-Utbah-37">[f]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait#Rules_and_traditions_of_succession" title="Emir of Kuwait">Hereditary and elective</a> (presumably <a href="/wiki/Sabah_Al-Khalid_Al-Sabah" title="Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah">Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah</a>)<a href="#cite_note-85">[y]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-86">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Letsie_III" title="Letsie III">Letsie III</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Letsie_III_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/King_Letsie_III_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%281%29.jpg/72px-King_Letsie_III_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/King_Letsie_III_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%281%29.jpg/108px-King_Letsie_III_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/King_Letsie_III_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%281%29.jpg/144px-King_Letsie_III_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="638" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg/65px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg/98px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td> <td>7 February 1996<a href="#cite_note-88">[z]</a> (29 years, 19 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Moshesh" title="Category:House of Moshesh">Moshesh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Lerotholi_Seeiso" title="Prince Lerotholi Seeiso">Lerotholi Seeiso</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-lesotho-87">[62]</a> <a href="#cite_note-89">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Prince</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hans-Adam_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Hans-Adam II</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD.jpg/80px-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD.jpg/120px-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD.jpg/160px-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1181" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg/55px-Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg/83px-Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg/110px-Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td>13 November 1989<a href="#cite_note-92">[aa]</a> (35 years, 105 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princely_Family_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely Family of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alois,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein">Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein</a> (currently Prince Regent) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-liecht-90">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Grand Duke</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Saeimas_priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81js_Edvards_Smilt%C4%93ns_tiekas_ar_Luksemburgas_lielhercogu_-_52744479271_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="2003" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_grand-duchy_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_grand-duchy_of_Luxembourg.svg/55px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_grand-duchy_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_grand-duchy_of_Luxembourg.svg/82px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_grand-duchy_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_grand-duchy_of_Luxembourg.svg/109px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_grand-duchy_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="1399" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>7 October 2000<a href="#cite_note-94">[ab]</a> (24 years, 142 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Family_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg">Luxembourg-Nassau</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[ac]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guillaume,_Hereditary_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> (currently Lieutenant-Representative) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-lux-93">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">King</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[ad]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Sultan Ibrahim III</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/75px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/112px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="850" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/166px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td>31 January 2024<a href="#cite_note-101">[ae]</a> (1 year, 26 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Temenggong" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Temenggong">Temenggong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> & <a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong#Election" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Elective</a> (presumably <a href="/wiki/Nazrin_Shah_of_Perak" title="Nazrin Shah of Perak">Sultan Nazrin Shah</a>)<a href="#cite_note-103">[af]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-104">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Prince</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Albert_II_of_Monaco_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Prince_Albert_II_of_Monaco_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/75px-Prince_Albert_II_of_Monaco_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Prince_Albert_II_of_Monaco_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/112px-Prince_Albert_II_of_Monaco_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Prince_Albert_II_of_Monaco_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Prince_Albert_II_of_Monaco_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="549" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg/58px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg/87px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg/117px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1703" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td>6 April 2005<a href="#cite_note-108">[ag]</a> (19 years, 326 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">Grimaldi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacques,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco">Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-109">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco,_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="996" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/62px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/93px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/123px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>23 July 1999<a href="#cite_note-111">[ah]</a> (25 years, 218 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaouite_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaouite dynasty">Alawi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Hassan,_Crown_Prince_of_Morocco" title="Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco">Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-112">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013_%28cropped%29.jpeg/75px-Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013_%28cropped%29.jpeg/112px-Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013_%28cropped%29.jpeg/150px-Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="1343" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/57px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/87px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/115px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1045" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>30 April 2013 (11 years, 302 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Orange-Nassau</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[ai]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-116">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">Harald V</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Harald_V_of_Norway_(29227859394)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/King_Harald_V_of_Norway_%2829227859394%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-King_Harald_V_of_Norway_%2829227859394%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/King_Harald_V_of_Norway_%2829227859394%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-King_Harald_V_of_Norway_%2829227859394%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/King_Harald_V_of_Norway_%2829227859394%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-King_Harald_V_of_Norway_%2829227859394%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="575" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_royal_coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Greater_royal_coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/56px-Greater_royal_coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Greater_royal_coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/85px-Greater_royal_coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Greater_royal_coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/112px-Greater_royal_coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>17 January 1991<a href="#cite_note-118">[aj]</a> (34 years, 40 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a><a href="#cite_note-Glucks-57">[o]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haakon,_Crown_Prince_of_Norway" title="Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway">Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-norway-117">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haitham_bin_Tariq" title="Haitham bin Tariq">Haitham bin Tariq</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Haitham_bin_Tariq_Al_Said_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Haitham_bin_Tariq_Al_Said_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/76px-Haitham_bin_Tariq_Al_Said_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Haitham_bin_Tariq_Al_Said_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/114px-Haitham_bin_Tariq_Al_Said_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Haitham_bin_Tariq_Al_Said_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/152px-Haitham_bin_Tariq_Al_Said_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="724" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/National_emblem_of_Oman.svg/78px-National_emblem_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/National_emblem_of_Oman.svg/117px-National_emblem_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/National_emblem_of_Oman.svg/156px-National_emblem_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td>11 January 2020 (5 years, 46 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Said">Al Said</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theyazin_bin_Haitham" title="Theyazin bin Haitham">Theyazin bin Haitham</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-119">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Emir</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_(49759678641)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%2849759678641%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%2849759678641%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%2849759678641%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%2849759678641%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%2849759678641%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%2849759678641%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="839" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Qatar-2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emblem_of_Qatar-2022.svg/58px-Emblem_of_Qatar-2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emblem_of_Qatar-2022.svg/88px-Emblem_of_Qatar-2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emblem_of_Qatar-2022.svg/117px-Emblem_of_Qatar-2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td>25 June 2013 (11 years, 246 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">Al Thani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Hamad_bin_Khalifa_Al_Thani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani">Abdullah bin Hamad</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-120">[84]</a> <a href="#cite_note-121">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_2020_(49563590728)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_2020_%2849563590728%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/67px-Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_2020_%2849563590728%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_2020_%2849563590728%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_2020_%2849563590728%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_2020_%2849563590728%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_2020_%2849563590728%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="727" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/64px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/96px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/127px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>23 January 2015 (10 years, 34 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Al Saud</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[ak]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-124">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Felipe_VI_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Felipe_VI_in_2023.jpg/75px-Felipe_VI_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Felipe_VI_in_2023.jpg/112px-Felipe_VI_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Felipe_VI_in_2023.jpg/150px-Felipe_VI_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="3264" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.svg/56px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.svg/84px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.svg/112px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>19 June 2014 (10 years, 252 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Borbón-Anjou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor, Princess of Asturias</a> (Heir presumptive)<a href="#cite_note-126">[al]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-127">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_(42282165922)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/73px-Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/109px-Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/146px-Crafoord_Prize_D81_9141_%2842282165922%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1402" data-file-height="1920" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/56px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/84px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/111px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>15 September 1973<a href="#cite_note-129">[am]</a> (51 years, 164 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">Bernadotte</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-130">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[an]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Rama_X_official_(crop)_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/King_Rama_X_official_%28crop%29_%28cropped%29.png/75px-King_Rama_X_official_%28crop%29_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/King_Rama_X_official_%28crop%29_%28cropped%29.png/112px-King_Rama_X_official_%28crop%29_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/King_Rama_X_official_%28crop%29_%28cropped%29.png/150px-King_Rama_X_official_%28crop%29_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1389" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/90px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Thailand.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>13 October 2016<a href="#cite_note-135">[ao]</a> (8 years, 136 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chakri_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakri Dynasty">Chakri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Ceremonial_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dipangkorn_Rasmijoti" title="Dipangkorn Rasmijoti">Dipangkorn Rasmijoti</a> (Heir presumptive) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-136">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tupou_VI" title="Tupou VI">Tupou VI</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinner_for_His_Majesty_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_Her_Majesty_Queen_Nanasipau%E2%80%99u_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dinner_for_His_Majesty_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_Her_Majesty_Queen_Nanasipau%E2%80%99u_04.jpg/67px-Dinner_for_His_Majesty_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_Her_Majesty_Queen_Nanasipau%E2%80%99u_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dinner_for_His_Majesty_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_Her_Majesty_Queen_Nanasipau%E2%80%99u_04.jpg/101px-Dinner_for_His_Majesty_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_Her_Majesty_Queen_Nanasipau%E2%80%99u_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dinner_for_His_Majesty_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_Her_Majesty_Queen_Nanasipau%E2%80%99u_04.jpg/135px-Dinner_for_His_Majesty_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_Her_Majesty_Queen_Nanasipau%E2%80%99u_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="1223" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tongan_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tongan_coat_of_arms.svg/57px-Tongan_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tongan_coat_of_arms.svg/86px-Tongan_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tongan_coat_of_arms.svg/114px-Tongan_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td> <td>18 March 2012 (12 years, 345 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tupou</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[ap]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tupouto%CA%BBa_%CA%BBUlukalala" title="Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala">Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-tonga-138">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_-_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/78px-Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/117px-Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/156px-Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1706" data-file-height="2192" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/54px-Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/81px-Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/108px-Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>14 May 2022 (2 years, 288 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Nahyan_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Nahyan family">Al Nahyan</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[aq]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#Executive_constitutional_monarchies" title="Constitutional monarchy">Executive</a> & <a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[ar]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Council" title="Federal Supreme Council">Hereditary and elective</a> (presumably <a href="/wiki/Khaled_bin_Mohamed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan">Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan</a>)<a href="#cite_note-145">[as]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-146">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[at]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_(2021)_FXD_(cropped_3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29_FXD_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/75px-Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29_FXD_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29_FXD_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/113px-Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29_FXD_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29_FXD_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/151px-Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29_FXD_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="863" /></a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/51px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/77px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/102px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>) </td> <td>13 March 2013 (11 years, 350 days) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Elective</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-148">[102]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_reigning_monarchs_by_length_of_reign" title="List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign">List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">List of current heads of state and government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_former_ruling_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of former ruling families">Heads of former ruling families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchies" title="List of monarchies">List of monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heirs_apparent" title="List of current heirs apparent">List of current heirs apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_consorts_of_sovereigns" title="List of current consorts of sovereigns">List of current consorts of sovereigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Records_of_heads_of_state" title="Records of heads of state">Records of heads of state</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Urgell" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell">Bishop of Urgell</a> and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">president of France</a> each hold the position of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Co-Princes of Andorra">co-prince of Andorra</a>, but there is no personal title attached to the role. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Charles is currently King of fifteen separate <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Coronation took place 6 May 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Agnatically a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">House of Glücksburg</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Hamad bin Isa reigned as Amir of the State of Bahrain until 14 February 2002, when he assumed the new title of King of Bahrain under a new Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-bahr-34">[30]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Utbah-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Utbah_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Utbah_37-1">b</a> A clan of the <a href="/wiki/Bani_Utbah" title="Bani Utbah">Utub</a> tribe.<a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[32]</a> is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">House of Wettin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> The Belgian monarch does not automatically assume the throne at the death or abdication of their predecessor; they only become monarch upon taking a constitutional oath. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Officially the Druk Gyalpo (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style>འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Dragon King') </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Coronation took place 6 November 2008.<a href="#cite_note-44">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Coronation took place 1 August 1968.<a href="#cite_note-brunei-47">[37]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Coronation took place 29 October 2004.<a href="#cite_note-49">[38]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> A branch of the Varman dynasty. The surname "Norodom" is used by the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia" title="Norodom of Cambodia">Norodom I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cambo-51">[39]</a> <a href="#cite_note-52">[40]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> The king is selected for life by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Council_of_the_Throne" title="Royal Council of the Throne">Royal Council of the Throne</a> from amongst the male descendants of kings <a href="/wiki/Ang_Duong" title="Ang Duong">Ang Duong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia" title="Norodom of Cambodia">Norodom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sisowath_of_Cambodia" title="Sisowath of Cambodia">Sisowath</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glucks-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glucks_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glucks_57-1">b</a> Officially the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[42]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Agnatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic">Agnatically</a> a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Monpezat" title="House of Monpezat">House of Monpezat</a>, but officially a member of the House of Glücksburg through his mother <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Succession is subject to customary law, and does not follow <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>. A council of elders selects who among the reigning king's wives will be mother of the next <a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">king</a>. This woman will succeed as <a href="/wiki/Ndlovukati" title="Ndlovukati">Ndlovukati</a> upon her son's ascension to the throne, and will rule alongside him for the duration of his reign. The king's first two wives are considered ineligible.<a href="#cite_note-60">[44]</a> <a href="#cite_note-61">[45]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> "Naruhito" is the current emperor's <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>, but it is not his <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a>, and he is never referred to as this in Japanese. The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">era</a> of Naruhito's reign bears the name "<a href="/wiki/Reiwa_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiwa period">Reiwa</a>", and according to custom he will be <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">renamed</a> "Emperor Reiwa" following his death.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-64">[47]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Enthronement_of_the_Japanese_emperor" title="Enthronement of the Japanese emperor">formal enthronement ceremony</a> was held on 22 October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-66">[48]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> The Japanese emperor does not have a family name.<a href="#cite_note-68">[49]</a> <a href="#cite_note-69">[50]</a> The use of the name "Yamato" for the household derives from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[51]</a> It is used often as a name for the imperial dynasty, but has no official basis. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Succession is based upon male primogeniture. However, Naruhito currently has no male children. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Formally enthroned on 9 June 1999.<a href="#cite_note-74">[53]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Succession is based upon primogeniture. However, the reigning king may also select his successor from among eligible princes.<a href="#cite_note-76">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Formally enthroned on 20 December 2023 upon the invitation of Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-80">[57]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> The heir is appointed by the reigning emir, and the nomination must also be approved by a majority of members in the National Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-82">[58]</a> The throne was traditionally alternated between the two main branches of the Al Sabah family – the <a href="/wiki/Salim_Al-Mubarak_Al-Sabah" title="Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah">Al Salem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaber_II_Al-Sabah" title="Jaber II Al-Sabah">Al Jaber</a> – until 2006.<a href="#cite_note-83">[59]</a> <a href="#cite_note-84">[60]</a> The current emir is of the Al Jaber branch. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Coronation took place 31 October 1997. Has previously reigned as king from 12 November 1990 until 25 January 1995.<a href="#cite_note-lesotho-87">[62]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Formally enthroned on 15 August 1990.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Prior to his accession, Hans-Adam had served as <a href="/wiki/Prince_regent" title="Prince regent">prince regent</a> since 26 August 1984.<a href="#cite_note-liecht-90">[64]</a> On 15 August 2004, the prince formally appointed his son <a href="/wiki/Alois,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein">Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein</a> as regent, in preparation for his succession to the throne, but remained head of state in accordance with the constitution.<a href="#cite_note-91">[65]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Prior to formal enthronement, Henri had served as <a href="/wiki/Prince_regent" title="Prince regent">prince regent</a> since 4 March 1998.<a href="#cite_note-lux-93">[66]</a> On 8 October 2024, the Grand Duke formally appointed his son <a href="/wiki/Guillaume,_Hereditary_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> as regent, in preparation for his succession to the throne, but remained head of state in accordance with the constitution. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> The royal family of Luxembourg are members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">House of Nassau-Weilburg</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[67]</a> descended from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau" title="House of Nassau">House of Nassau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">Parma branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Officially known in Malay as the "Yang di-Pertuan Agong", which roughly translates as "Supreme Head of State", and is rendered officially by government sources in English as "King".<a href="#cite_note-97">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Elected on 27 October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-99">[69]</a> Term of office started on 31 January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-100">[70]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a five-year term by and from amongst the nine hereditary rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay states">Malay states</a>, who form the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Council of Rulers</a>. The position has to date been, by informal agreement, systematically rotated between the nine; the order was originally based on <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong#Order_of_seniority_of_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">seniority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[71]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Albert II was formally enthroned as prince in a two-part ceremony, in accordance with tradition, on 12 July and 19 November 2005.<a href="#cite_note-105">[73]</a> <a href="#cite_note-106">[74]</a> He had previously served as regent from 31 March 2005 until his accession to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-107">[75]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Formally enthroned on 30 July 1999.<a href="#cite_note-110">[77]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> The Dutch royal family is descended from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau" title="House of Nassau">Houses of Nassau</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lippe" title="House of Lippe">Lippe</a>. <a href="#cite_note-113">[79]</a> <a href="#cite_note-114">[80]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Formally <a href="/wiki/Royal_coronations_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coronations in Norway">enthroned</a> on 21 January 1991, and consecrated on 23 June 1991. Prior to his accession, Harald had served as <a href="/wiki/Prince_regent" title="Prince regent">prince regent</a> since 1 June 1990.<a href="#cite_note-norway-117">[82]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Succession is determined by consensus within the House of Saud as to who will be Crown Prince. This consensus may change depending on the Crown Prince's actions:<a href="#cite_note-122">[86]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Succession is based upon male primogeniture. However, Felipe VI currently has no male children.<a href="#cite_note-125">[88]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Formally enthroned on 19 September 1973.<a href="#cite_note-128">[90]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> He is also styled <a href="/wiki/Rama_(Kings_of_Thailand)" title="Rama (Kings of Thailand)">Rama X</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Khao_Sod-131">[92]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Vajiralongkorn was proclaimed King on 1 December 2016 with retroactive effect to the date of his father's death.<a href="#cite_note-Khao_Sod-131">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Thai_monarch" title="Coronation of the Thai monarch">The coronation</a> took place from 4 – 6 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-133">[93]</a> <a href="#cite_note-134">[94]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> A line of the <a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Kanokupolu" title="Tuʻi Kanokupolu">Tuʻi Kanokupolu</a> dynasty.<a href="#cite_note-137">[96]</a> <a href="#cite_note-tonga-138">[97]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> The Al Nahyan are a branch of the Al Falahi, a clan of the <a href="/wiki/Bani_Yas" title="Bani Yas">Yas</a> tribe.<a href="#cite_note-140">[98]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates">Prime Minister</a> is the head of the government. However, with the consent of the Supreme Council, the office is appointed by the President, who retains considerable power.<a href="#cite_note-uaeconst-142">[99]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Constitution of the United Arab Emirates">Constitution</a>, the President of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the Federal Supreme Council from among the individual rulers of the seven emirates.<a href="#cite_note-uaeconst-142">[99]</a> However, by informal agreement the Presidency is always passed to the head of the Al Nahyan clan, the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent monarchs">constituent monarchs</a>), which makes it a de facto hereditary position. In addition, the appointed Prime Minister has always been the head of the Al Maktoum clan and Sheikh of Dubai.<a href="#cite_note-144">[100]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> As <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Sovereign of the Vatican City State</a>, by virtue of being <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/monarch">"Monarch"</a>. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 22 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monarch&rft.pub=CollinsDictionary.com.+Collins+English+Dictionary+%E2%80%93+Complete+%26+Unabridged+11th+Edition.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fmonarch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerb1999" class="citation book cs1">Herb, Michael (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i6hd9w64lcgC">All in the family: absolutism, revolution, and democracy in the Middle East</a>. New York: SUNY Press. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4168-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4168-8"><bdi>978-0-7914-4168-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+in+the+family%3A+absolutism%2C+revolution%2C+and+democracy+in+the+Middle+East&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-4168-8&rft.aulast=Herb&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di6hd9w64lcgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpellman2001" class="citation book cs1">Spellman, W. M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MRbExiEuYPsC">Monarchies 1000–2000</a>. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-087-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-087-0"><bdi>978-1-86189-087-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarchies+1000%E2%80%932000&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-087-0&rft.aulast=Spellman&rft.aufirst=W.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMRbExiEuYPsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2009" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Nathanial (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o5SKJanyblIC">Systems of Government: Monarchy</a>. London: Evans Brothers. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-237-53932-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-237-53932-0"><bdi>978-0-237-53932-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systems+of+Government%3A+Monarchy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Evans+Brothers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-237-53932-0&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Nathanial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do5SKJanyblIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/Regent">"Regent"</a>. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 22 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regent&rft.pub=CollinsDictionary.com.+Collins+English+Dictionary+%E2%80%93+Complete+%26+Unabridged+11th+Edition.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2FRegent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindley-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hindley_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hindley_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley2000" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Geoffrey (2000). The Royal Families of Europe. London: Constable & Robinson. pp. 1–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-0828-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-0828-4"><bdi>978-0-7867-0828-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Families+of+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Constable+%26+Robinson&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-0828-4&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7C6V9zRxSPkC">Merriam-Webster's manual for writers and editors</a>. Springfield, United States: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1998. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-622-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-622-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-622-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+manual+for+writers+and+editors&rft.place=Springfield%2C+United+States&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster%2C+Inc&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-622-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7C6V9zRxSPkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortyMillidge,_Judith;_Riley,_Ed2009" class="citation book cs1">Forty, Sandra; Millidge, Judith; Riley, Ed (2009). World Royal Families. United States: Book Sales, Inc. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-2530-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-2530-2"><bdi>978-0-7858-2530-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Royal+Families&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Book+Sales%2C+Inc&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7858-2530-2&rft.aulast=Forty&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.au=Millidge%2C+Judith%3B+Riley%2C+Ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_32" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia, Art. 32, Sec. 3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouvierRawle,_Francis1914" class="citation book cs1">Bouvier, John; Rawle, Francis (1914). Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Concise Encyclopedia. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Vernon Law Book Company. pp. 2237–2238.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bouvier%27s+Law+Dictionary+and+Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2237-%3C%2Fspan%3E2238&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Vernon+Law+Book+Company&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Bouvier&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Rawle%2C+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawcross1994" class="citation book cs1">Shawcross, William (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambodiasnewdeal00shaw/page/106">Cambodia's new deal: a report</a>. 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Royal Embassy of Cambodia in the United Kingdom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambodianembassy.org.uk/index_main.php?lang=cam_Relations/Cambodia%20-%20Denmark%20Relations%20Update%202010.pdf&mcat=1&menu=16&k=1&menu1=5">the original</a> on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Monarchy&rft.pub=Royal+Embassy+of+Cambodia+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.au=Government+of+Cambodia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambodianembassy.org.uk%2Findex_main.php%3Flang%3Dcam_Relations%2FCambodia%2520-%2520Denmark%2520Relations%2520Update%25202010.pdf%26mcat%3D1%26menu%3D16%26k%3D1%26menu1%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorfield,_Justin_J.2009" class="citation book cs1">Corfield, Justin J. (2009). The history of Cambodia. ABC-CLIO. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35722-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35722-0"><bdi>978-0-313-35722-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Cambodia&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35722-0&rft.au=Corfield%2C+Justin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Constitution of Cambodia, Art. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams_Woods,_Frederick2009" class="citation book cs1">Adams Woods, Frederick (2009). Mental and Moral Heredity in Royalty. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-115-33425-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-115-33425-9"><bdi>978-1-115-33425-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mental+and+Moral+Heredity+in+Royalty&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar%2C+LLC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-115-33425-9&rft.au=Adams+Woods%2C+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Denmark" class="citation web cs1">Government of Denmark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625042848/http://kongehuset.dk/publish.php?dogtag=k_en_fam_oue">"Her Majesty The Queen of Denmark"</a>. The Danish Monarchy. Royal Court of Denmark. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kongehuset.dk/publish.php?dogtag=k_en_fam_oue">the original</a> on 25 June 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Danish+Monarchy&rft.atitle=Her+Majesty+The+Queen+of+Denmark&rft.au=Government+of+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkongehuset.dk%2Fpublish.php%3Fdogtag%3Dk_en_fam_oue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarwick,_Brian_Allan1940" class="citation book cs1">Marwick, Brian Allan (1940). The Swazi: an ethnographic account of the natives of the Swaziland Protectorate. Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Swazi%3A+an+ethnographic+account+of+the+natives+of+the+Swaziland+Protectorate&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1940&rft.au=Marwick%2C+Brian+Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2009" class="citation journal cs1">Rubin, N.N. (28 July 2009). "The Swazi Law of Succession: A Restatement". Journal of African Law. 9 (2). Cambridge University Press: 90–113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021855300001108">10.1017/S0021855300001108</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143385608">143385608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Law&rft.atitle=The+Swazi+Law+of+Succession%3A+A+Restatement&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021855300001108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143385608%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=N.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimelane2005" class="citation cs2">Simelane, H.S. (2005), "Swaziland: Mswati III, Reign of", in Shillington, Kevin (ed.), Encyclopedia of African history, vol. 3, Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 1528–30, 9781579584559</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swaziland%3A+Mswati+III%2C+Reign+of&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+history&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1528-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Simelane&rft.aufirst=H.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmbassy_of_Japan_in_Pakistan2007" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Embassy of Japan in Pakistan (7 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090103125009/http://www.pk.emb-japan.go.jp/PRESS/Press%202007/JPNEMPAK%2007-041%2C%20NATIONAL%20DAY%20OF%20JAPAN%20TO%20BE%20CELEBRATED.htm">"National Day of Japan to be celebrated"</a> (Press release). Government of Japan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pk.emb-japan.go.jp/PRESS/Press%202007/JPNEMPAK%2007-041,%20NATIONAL%20DAY%20OF%20JAPAN%20TO%20BE%20CELEBRATED.htm">the original</a> on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Day+of+Japan+to+be+celebrated&rft.pub=Government+of+Japan&rft.date=2007-12-07&rft.au=Embassy+of+Japan+in+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pk.emb-japan.go.jp%2FPRESS%2FPress%25202007%2FJPNEMPAK%252007-041%2C%2520NATIONAL%2520DAY%2520OF%2520JAPAN%2520TO%2520BE%2520CELEBRATED.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50120563">"Naruhito: Japan's emperor proclaims enthronement in ancient ceremony"</a>. BBC News. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Naruhito%3A+Japan%27s+emperor+proclaims+enthronement+in+ancient+ceremony&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-50120563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkya,_Walter2009" class="citation book cs1">Skya, Walter (2009). Japan's holy war: the ideology of radical Shintō ultranationalism. Duke University Press. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4423-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4423-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-4423-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+holy+war%3A+the+ideology+of+radical+Shint%C5%8D+ultranationalism&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4423-0&rft.au=Skya%2C+Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Committee_of_Japanese_Historians1990" class="citation book cs1">National Committee of Japanese Historians (1990). Historical studies in Japan. Vol. VII. Brill Publishers. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-634-65040-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-634-65040-4"><bdi>978-4-634-65040-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+studies+in+Japan&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-4-634-65040-4&rft.au=National+Committee+of+Japanese+Historians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeagraveSeagrave2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Seagrave" title="Sterling Seagrave">Seagrave, Sterling</a>; Seagrave, Peggy (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Yamato_Dynasty:_The_Secret_History_of_Japan%27s_Imperial_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="The Yamato Dynasty: The Secret History of Japan's Imperial Family">The Yamato Dynasty: The Secret History of Japan's Imperial Family</a>. Broadway Books. pp. 4–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0497-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0497-1"><bdi>978-0-7679-0497-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yamato+Dynasty%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Japan%27s+Imperial+Family&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7679-0497-1&rft.aulast=Seagrave&rft.aufirst=Sterling&rft.au=Seagrave%2C+Peggy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Japan" class="citation web cs1">Government of Japan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/activity/activity01.html">"Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress"</a>. Imperial Household Agency. Retrieved 12 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Their+Majesties+the+Emperor+and+Empress&rft.pub=Imperial+Household+Agency&rft.au=Government+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2Fe-about%2Factivity%2Factivity01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMEDEA_Institute" class="citation web cs1">MEDEA Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118030722/http://www.medea.be/en/themes/biographies/abc/abdullah-ii-jordan/">"Abdullah II (Jordan)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medea.be/en/themes/biographies/abc/abdullah-ii-jordan/">the original</a> on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abdullah+II+%28Jordan%29&rft.au=MEDEA+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medea.be%2Fen%2Fthemes%2Fbiographies%2Fabc%2Fabdullah-ii-jordan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Jordan" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Jordan">Constitution of Jordan, Art. 28</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Jordan" class="citation web cs1">Government of Jordan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kingabdullah.jo/index.php/en_US/pages/view/id/148.html">"His Majesty King Abdullah II"</a>. Abdullah II Official Website. The Royal Hashemite Court. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abdullah+II+Official+Website&rft.atitle=His+Majesty+King+Abdullah+II&rft.au=Government+of+Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkingabdullah.jo%2Findex.php%2Fen_US%2Fpages%2Fview%2Fid%2F148.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Jordan" class="citation web cs1">Government of Jordan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/hash_intro.html">"The Hashemites: Introduction"</a>. Office of King Hussein I. The Royal Hashemite Court. Retrieved 7 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+King+Hussein+I&rft.atitle=The+Hashemites%3A+Introduction&rft.au=Government+of+Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinghussein.gov.jo%2Fhash_intro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/2428876/middle-east">"New Kuwait Emir Sheikh Mishal pledges to be a 'loyal citizen' for nation, people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a>. 20 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Kuwait+Emir+Sheikh+Mishal+pledges+to+be+a+%27loyal+citizen%27+for+nation%2C+people&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F2428876%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kuwait_Constitution" class="extiw" title="s:Kuwait Constitution">Constitution of Kuwait, Art. 4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordesman,_Anthony_H2007" class="citation book cs1">Cordesman, Anthony H (2007). Gulf military forces in an era of asymmetric wars. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99250-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99250-7"><bdi>978-0-275-99250-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulf+military+forces+in+an+era+of+asymmetric+wars&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-275-99250-7&rft.au=Cordesman%2C+Anthony+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988">: "The royal family, Al Sabah, has two branches—Al Jaber and Al Salem—and has traditionally alternated in ruling Kuwait. This tradition, however, has changed following the death of Jaber Al Sabah [1977–2006]." </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Political Risk Yearbook, 1998. 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Retrieved 9 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Royalty+during+World+War+II&rft.atitle=The+Former+Ruling+House+of+Lippe%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.au=Steinberg%2C+Glenn+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu%2Froyalty%2Fhouses%2Flippe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_the_Netherlands" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Government of the Netherlands. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/encyclopedie/wie-is-wie/zijne-majesteit-koning-willem-alexander/">"Zijne Majesteit Koning Willem-Alexander"</a> [His Majesty King Willem-Alexander]. The Dutch Royal House (in Dutch). Government Information Service. Retrieved 30 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dutch+Royal+House&rft.atitle=Zijne+Majesteit+Koning+Willem-Alexander&rft.au=Government+of+the+Netherlands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koninklijkhuis.nl%2Fencyclopedie%2Fwie-is-wie%2Fzijne-majesteit-koning-willem-alexander%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-norway-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norway_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-norway_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Norway" class="citation web cs1">Government of Norway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kongehuset.no/c27277/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28731">"His Majesty King Harald"</a>. Official website of the Royal House of Norway. Royal Court of Norway. Retrieved 7 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+Royal+House+of+Norway&rft.atitle=His+Majesty+King+Harald&rft.au=Government+of+Norway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kongehuset.no%2Fc27277%2Fartikkel%2Fvis.html%3Ftid%3D28731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyrop,_Richard_F2008" class="citation book cs1">Nyrop, Richard F (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BPX0h_wbFtEC">Area Handbook for the Persian Gulf States</a>. Wildside Press LLC. p. 341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4344-6210-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4344-6210-7"><bdi>978-1-4344-6210-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Area+Handbook+for+the+Persian+Gulf+States&rft.pages=341&rft.pub=Wildside+Press+LLC&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4344-6210-7&rft.au=Nyrop%2C+Richard+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBPX0h_wbFtEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Qatar" class="citation web cs1">Government of Qatar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diwan.gov.qa/leadership/hh-the-amir">"H.H. The Amir's Biography"</a>. Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 18 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.H.+The+Amir%27s+Biography&rft.pub=Amiri+Diwan&rft.au=Government+of+Qatar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diwan.gov.qa%2Fleadership%2Fhh-the-amir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThafer2021" class="citation news cs1">Thafer, Dania (14 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/10/14/qatars-first-elected-parliament-may-have-more-power-than-other-persian-gulf-legislatures-heres-why/">"Qatar's first elected parliament may have more power than other Persian Gulf legislatures. Here's why"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 2 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Qatar%27s+first+elected+parliament+may+have+more+power+than+other+Persian+Gulf+legislatures.+Here%27s+why.&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft.aulast=Thafer&rft.aufirst=Dania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F10%2F14%2Fqatars-first-elected-parliament-may-have-more-power-than-other-persian-gulf-legislatures-heres-why%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordesman,_Anthony_H2009" class="citation book cs1">Cordesman, Anthony H (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1OpmRrNzFHgC">Saudi Arabia: national security in a troubled region</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38076-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38076-1"><bdi>978-0-313-38076-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+national+security+in+a+troubled+region&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-38076-1&rft.au=Cordesman%2C+Anthony+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1OpmRrNzFHgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> "In October 2006, King Abdullah issued a new succession law that amended the 1992 Basic Law and formalized the process by creating the Allegiance Commission. The new law both defines how a king will choose among possible candidates and provides a formal way for developing a consensus to choose the king's successor. The Allegiance Commission will select a king and crown prince upon the death or incapacitation of either. This commission expands the role of the ruling family in the selection process. ... It is composed of some 35 sons and grandsons of the late founder of the Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia">Abd al-Aziz al-Saud</a>, who will vote in secret ballots on who could and could not be eligible to be future kings and crown princes." </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30945324">"Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+King+Abdullah+dies&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-30945324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahn2022" class="citation web cs1">Cahn, Lauren (8 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelist.com/921222/the-stunning-transformation-of-princess-leonor-the-future-queen-of-spain/">"The Stunning Transformation Of Princess Leonor, The Future Queen Of Spain"</a>. TheList.com. Retrieved 2 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheList.com&rft.atitle=The+Stunning+Transformation+Of+Princess+Leonor%2C+The+Future+Queen+Of+Spain&rft.date=2022-07-08&rft.aulast=Cahn&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelist.com%2F921222%2Fthe-stunning-transformation-of-princess-leonor-the-future-queen-of-spain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Royal_Household_of_His_Majesty_the_King" class="citation web cs1">The Royal Household of His Majesty the King. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casareal.es/ES/FamiliaReal/rey/Paginas/subhome_rey.aspx">"His Majesty the King Juan Carlos"</a>. The Royal Household of His Majesty the King. 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Retrieved 12 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kungl+Maj%3Ats+kung%C3%B6relse+%281973%3A702%29&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice&rft.date=1973-09-19&rft.au=Government+of+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F62.95.69.15%2Fcgi-bin%2Fthw%3F%24%7BHTML%7D%3Dsfst_lst%26%24%7BOOHTML%7D%3Dsfst_dok%26%24%7BSNHTML%7D%3Dsfst_err%26%24%7BBASE%7D%3DSFST%26%24%7BTRIPSHOW%7D%3Dformat%3DTHW%26BET%3D1973%3A702%24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Sweden" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Government of Sweden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcourt.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/hmkingcarlxvigustaf.4.396160511584257f218000644.html">"H.M. 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Retrieved 9 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geneology+of+King+Tupou+VI&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Lord+Chamberlain&rft.date=2008-07-28&rft.au=Government+of+Tonga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmo.gov.to%2Fgeneology-of-king-george-tupou-v.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tonga-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tonga_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tonga_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Tonga" class="citation web cs1">Government of Tonga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111130040342/http://www.palaceoffice.gov.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=68&Itemid=81">"Tu'i Kanokupolu"</a>. Palace Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaceoffice.gov.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=68&Itemid=81">the original</a> on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tu%27i+Kanokupolu&rft.pub=Palace+Office&rft.au=Government+of+Tonga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaceoffice.gov.to%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26layout%3Dblog%26id%3D68%26Itemid%3D81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoup,_John_AMaisel,_Sebastian2009" class="citation book cs1">Shoup, John A; Maisel, Sebastian (2009). Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: A-J. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34444-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34444-2"><bdi>978-0-313-34444-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+and+the+Gulf+Arab+States+Today%3A+A-J&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34444-2&rft.au=Shoup%2C+John+A&rft.au=Maisel%2C+Sebastian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988">. "The Al Nahyan ... are a branch of the Al Bu Falah tribe of the Bani Yas confederation, and although they have been a small section of the tribe, the Al Nahyan have traditionally provided the paramount shaykh for the confederation." </li> <li id="cite_note-uaeconst-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uaeconst_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uaeconst_142-1">b</a> Constitution of the United Arab Emirates, Art. 51 & 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoack2007" class="citation book cs1">Noack, Sascha (2007). Doing Business in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates. GRIN Verlag. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-638-79766-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-638-79766-5"><bdi>978-3-638-79766-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+Dubai+and+the+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=GRIN+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-638-79766-5&rft.aulast=Noack&rft.aufirst=Sascha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/2022/05/13/president-sheikh-khalifa-dies-age-73/">"President Sheikh Khalifa dies aged 73"</a>. The National. 13 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=President+Sheikh+Khalifa+dies+aged+73&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fuae%2F2022%2F05%2F13%2Fpresident-sheikh-khalifa-dies-age-73%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21777494">"Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Argentina%27s+Jorge+Mario+Bergoglio+elected+Pope&rft.date=2013-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-21777494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+current+monarchs+of+sovereign+states" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoszynski,_Henry" class="citation web cs1">Soszynski, Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512204117/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/">"Genealogical Gleanings: Royal and Noble Lineages"</a>. University of Queensland. 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa145" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states200" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereigns_of_monarchies" title="Template:Sovereigns of monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereigns_of_monarchies" title="Template talk:Sovereigns of monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereigns_of_monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereigns of monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Current monarchs of sovereign states</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eswatini: <a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a></li> <li>Lesotho: <a href="/wiki/Letsie_III" title="Letsie III">Letsie III</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bahrain: <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad</a></li> <li>Bhutan: <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck">Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck</a></li> <li>Brunei:<a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a></li> <li>Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></li> <li>Jordan: <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">Abdullah II</a></li> <li>Kuwait: <a href="/wiki/Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Mishal</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a></li> <li>Oman: <a href="/wiki/Haitham_bin_Tariq" title="Haitham bin Tariq">Haitham</a></li> <li>Qatar: <a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Tamim</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a></li> <li>United Arab Emirates: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohamed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andorra: <a href="/wiki/Joan_Enric_Vives_i_Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Joan Enric Vives i Sicília">Joan Enric Vives i Sicília</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a></li> <li>Liechtenstein: <a href="/wiki/Hans-Adam_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Hans-Adam II</a></li> <li>Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a></li> <li>Monaco: <a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II</a></li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Harald_V" title="Harald V">Harald V</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li>Vatican City: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li>Tonga: <a href="/wiki/Tupou_VI" title="Tupou VI">Tupou VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heirs_apparent" title="List of current heirs apparent">Current heirs of sovereign monarchies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states&oldid=1275409767">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states&oldid=1275409767</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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