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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Platform+as+a+service" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Platform+as+a+service" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Development_and_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_and_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Development and uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_and_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages_and_disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Advantages and disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public,_private_and_hybrid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public,_private_and_hybrid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Public, private and hybrid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public,_private_and_hybrid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications_platform_as_a_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications_platform_as_a_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Communications platform as a service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications_platform_as_a_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_platform_as_a_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_platform_as_a_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mobile platform as a service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_platform_as_a_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_PaaS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_PaaS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Open PaaS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_PaaS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Providers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Providers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Providers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Providers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" title="المنصة خدمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنصة خدمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platforma_kao_usluga" title="Platforma kao usluga – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Platforma kao usluga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Platform as a service" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Platform as a service" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_Service" title="Platform as a Service – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Platform as a Service" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computaci%C3%B3n_en_la_nube#Plataforma_como_servicio" title="Computación en la nube – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Computación en la nube" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="بستر به عنوان سرویس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بستر به عنوان سرویس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Platform as a service" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%98%95_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%AB%ED%8F%BC" title="서비스형 플랫폼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서비스형 플랫폼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Platform as a service" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Platform as a service" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="פלטפורמה כשירות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלטפורמה כשירות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platformszolg%C3%A1ltat%C3%A1s" title="Platformszolgáltatás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Platformszolgáltatás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Platform as a service" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_Service" title="Platform as a Service – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Platform as a Service" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plattform_som_tjeneste" title="Plattform som tjeneste – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Plattform som tjeneste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platforma_xizmat_vositasi_sifatida" title="Platforma xizmat vositasi sifatida – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Platforma xizmat vositasi sifatida" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platforma_jako_us%C5%82uga" title="Platforma jako usługa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Platforma jako usługa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plataforma_como_servi%C3%A7o" title="Plataforma como serviço – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plataforma como serviço" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Платформа как услуга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Платформа как услуга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platforma_ako_slu%C5%BEba" title="Platforma ako služba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Platforma ako služba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platforma_kao_servis" title="Platforma kao servis – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Platforma kao servis" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_Service" title="Platform as a Service – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Platform as a Service" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Platform as a service" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சேவையாக கணிமைத் தளம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சேவையாக கணிமைத் தளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Платформа як послуга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Платформа як послуга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BB%81n_t%E1%BA%A3ng_nh%C6%B0_m%E1%BB%99t_d%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5" title="Nền tảng như một dịch vụ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nền tảng như một dịch vụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="平台即服务 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="平台即服务" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1153767#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Category of cloud computing services</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"PaaS" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Payments_as_a_service" title="Payments as a service">Payments as a service</a>.</div> <p><b>Platform as a service</b> (<b>PaaS</b>) or <b>application platform as a service</b> (<b>aPaaS</b>) or platform-based service is a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing#Service_models" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing service model</a> where users provision, instantiate, run and manage a modular bundle of a <a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">computing platform</a> and applications, without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure associated with developing and launching application(s), and to allow developers to create, develop, and package such <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> bundles.<sup id="cite_ref-bbutler_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbutler-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wchang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wchang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_uses">Development and uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development and uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PaaS can be delivered in three ways: </p> <ul><li>As a public cloud service from a provider, where the consumer controls software deployment with minimal configuration options, and the provider provides the networks, <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storage_(memory)" title="Storage (memory)">storage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> (OS), <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">middleware</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Java_runtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Java runtime">Java runtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a> runtime, integration, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> and other services to host the consumer's application.</li> <li>As a private service (software or <a href="/wiki/Software_appliance" title="Software appliance">appliance</a>) behind a firewall.</li> <li>As software deployed on public infrastructure as a service.<sup id="cite_ref-jhurwitz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jhurwitz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The first<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> public platform as a service was Zimki, launched by Fotango, a London-based company owned by <a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc.#Operations" title="Canon Inc.">Canon Europe</a>. It was developed in 2005, had a <a href="/wiki/Beta_launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta launch">beta launch</a> in March 2006 and a public launch at EuroOSCON in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of its closure, Zimki had several thousand developer accounts. It had demonstrated the technical viability of Platform as a Service, but also provided the first example of the perils of being dependent on a single provider.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was highlighted when the CEO (<a href="/wiki/Simon_Wardley" title="Simon Wardley">Simon Wardley</a>, known for <a href="/wiki/Wardley_map" title="Wardley map">Wardley maps</a>) announced at OSCON 2007 that Zimki would no longer be open-sourced and discussed the future of what was then called framework-as-a-service (later called platform-as-a-service) covering the importance of a market of providers based on an open-source reference model. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original intent of PaaS was to simplify the writing of code, with the infrastructure and operations handled by the PaaS provider. Originally, all PaaSes were in the public cloud. Because many companies did not want to have everything in the public cloud, private and hybrid PaaS options (managed by internal IT departments) were created.<sup id="cite_ref-mkavis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mkavis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PaaS provides an environment for developers and companies to create, host and deploy applications, saving developers from the complexities of infrastructure (setting up, configuring and managing elements such as servers and databases). PaaS can improve the speed of developing an app, and allow its user to focus on the application itself. With PaaS, the customer manages applications and data, while the provider (in public PaaS) or IT department (in private PaaS) manages <a href="/wiki/Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">runtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">middleware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virtualization" title="Virtualization">virtualization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">storage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">networking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jhurwitz_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jhurwitz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development tools provided by the vendor are customized according to the needs of the user.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The user can choose to maintain the software, or have the vendor maintain it.<sup id="cite_ref-jhurwitz_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jhurwitz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PaaS offerings may also include facilities for application design, application development, testing and deployment, as well as services such as <a href="/wiki/Collaborative_software" title="Collaborative software">team collaboration</a>, web service integration, and <a href="/wiki/Marshalling_(computer_science)" title="Marshalling (computer science)">marshalling</a>, database integration, security, scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application instrumentation, and developer community facilitation. Besides the service engineering aspects, PaaS offerings include mechanisms for service management, such as monitoring, workflow management, discovery and reservation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The advantages of PaaS are primarily that it allows for higher-level programming with dramatically reduced complexity; the overall development of the application can be more effective, as it has built-in/self up-and-down ramping infrastructure resources; and maintenance and enhancement of the application is thus easier. </p><p>Disadvantages of various PaaS providers as cited by their users include increased pricing at larger scales,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lack of operational features,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reduced control,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the difficulties of traffic routing systems.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public,_private_and_hybrid"><span id="Public.2C_private_and_hybrid"></span>Public, private and hybrid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Public, private and hybrid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several types of PaaS, including public, private and hybrid.<sup id="cite_ref-mkavis_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mkavis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PaaS was originally intended for applications on public cloud services, before expanding to include private and hybrid options.<sup id="cite_ref-mkavis_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mkavis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public PaaS is derived from <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">software as a service</a> (SaaS),<sup id="cite_ref-jschofield_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jschofield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is situated in cloud computing between SaaS and <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">infrastructure as a service</a> (IaaS).<sup id="cite_ref-bbutler_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbutler-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SaaS is software hosted in the cloud so that it does not reside or run on customer computers. IaaS provides virtual hardware from a provider with adjustable scalability.<sup id="cite_ref-bbutler_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbutler-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In IaaS, the server is managed by the user, whereas in PaaS by the provider.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A private PaaS can typically be downloaded and installed either in a company's on-premises <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a>, or in a public cloud. Once the software is installed on one or more machines, the private PaaS arranges the application and database components into a single hosting platform.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hybrid PaaS is typically a deployment consisting of a mix of public and private deployments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications_platform_as_a_service">Communications platform as a service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Communications platform as a service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A communications platform as a service (CPaaS) is a cloud-based platform that enables developers to add real-time communications features (voice, video, and messaging) in their own applications without building back-end infrastructure and interfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, CPaaS and hardware and software specifications are specifically designed to support (tele)communications applications. These applications and their usage are much more sensitive to jitter, latency and packet losses. Hosted <a href="/wiki/Business_telephone_system#Private_branch_exchange" title="Business telephone system">PBX</a>, cellular networks, (near real-time) applications typically are deployed on CPaaS platforms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_platform_as_a_service">Mobile platform as a service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mobile platform as a service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initiated in 2012, mobile PaaS (mPaaS) provides development capabilities for mobile app designers and developers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Group" title="Yankee Group">Yankee Group</a> identified mPaaS as one of its themes for 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_PaaS">Open PaaS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Open PaaS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Open PaaS does not include hosting but provides open-source software allowing a PaaS provider to run applications in an open-source environment, such as <a href="/wiki/Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">Google App Engine</a>. Some open platforms let the developer use any programming language, database, operating system or server to deploy their applications.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Providers">Providers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Providers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various types of PaaS providers. All offer application hosting and a deployment environment, along with various integrated services. Services offer varying levels of scalability and maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-dhinchcliffe_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dhinchcliffe-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developers can write an application and upload it to a PaaS that supports their software language of choice, and the application runs on that PaaS.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_usage">Government usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/UK_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Government">UK Government</a> encourages departments to make use of public cloud solutions as a first option. PaaS is in use within UK Government but the technology community within government notes that PaaS providers may restrict the software, languages and interfaces they are willing to support. The Government operated its own GOV.UK PaaS service from 2015 until 2023, but this has now been decommissioned.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As_a_service" title="As a service">as a service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platform_as_a_service&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbutler-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbutler_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbutler_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbutler_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrandon_Butler2013" class="citation web cs1">Brandon Butler (February 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095106/http://www.networkworld.com/article/2163430/cloud-computing/paas-primer--what-is-platform-as-a-service-and-why-does-it-matter-.html">"PaaS Primer: What is platform as a service and why does it matter?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Network World]</i>. 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Oliver, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoworld.com/article/2615165/cloud-computing/which-freaking-paas-should-i-use-.html">"Which freaking PaaS should I use?"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>, October 8, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jason Brooks, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Cloud-Computing/Apprenda-30-Brings-Private-PaaS-to-NET-Developers-627986/">"Apprenda 3.0 Brings Private PaaS to .NET Developers,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/EWeek" title="EWeek">eWeek</a></i>, January 6, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/definition/Communications-platform-as-a-service-CPaaS">"What Is Communications Platform as a Service (CPaaS)? Definition from SearchUnifiedCommunications"</a>. <i>SearchUnifiedCommunications</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SearchUnifiedCommunications&rft.atitle=What+Is+Communications+Platform+as+a+Service+%28CPaaS%29%3F+Definition+from+SearchUnifiedCommunications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techtarget.com%2Fsearchunifiedcommunications%2Fdefinition%2FCommunications-platform-as-a-service-CPaaS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatform+as+a+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Wing Kosner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2012/06/08/developers-in-demand-platform-as-a-service-is-key-to-growth-of-mobile-cloud-computing/">"Developers in Demand: Platform As A Service Is Key to Growth of Mobile Cloud Computing,"</a> <i>Forbes</i>, June 8, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.yankeegroup.com/rs/yankeegroup/images/YG_2014Predictions.pdf">Yankee 2014 Predictions Mobility hits a tipping point</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140122130233/http://web.yankeegroup.com/rs/yankeegroup/images/YG_2014Predictions.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-01-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Group" title="Yankee Group">Yankee Group</a>, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christina Warren, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mashable.com/2011/11/16/mobile-app-cloud-servers/">"How to Pick a Server for Your App,"</a> <a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a>, November 16, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sullivansoftwaresystems.com/interview.htm">"Interview With Brian Sullivan – Inventor of Open Platform As A Service"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213121/http://www.sullivansoftwaresystems.com/interview.htm">Archived</a> 2013-10-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sullivansoftwaresystems.com, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dhinchcliffe-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dhinchcliffe_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dion Hinchcliffe, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/comparing-amazons-and-googles-platform-as-a-service-paas-offerings/">"Comparing Amazon’s and Google’s Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Offerings,"</a> <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>, April 11, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nancy Gohring, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2497859/cloud-computing/platform-as-a-service-heats-up.html">"Platform as a service heats up,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>, July 8, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government Digital Service, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cloud.service.gov.uk/migration-guidance/">Migrating from GOV.UK PaaS</a>, accessed on 12 October 2024</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:1%">Business models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Content_as_a_service" title="Content as a service">Content as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_as_a_service" title="Data as a service">Data as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_as_a_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop as a service">Desktop as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_as_a_service" title="Function as a service">Function as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud-based_integration" title="Cloud-based integration">Integration platform as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backend_as_a_service" title="Backend as a service">Backend as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_as_a_service" title="Network as a service">Network as a service</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Platform as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_as_a_service" title="Security as a service">Security as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_database" title="Cloud database">Cloud database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud-native_computing" title="Cloud-native computing">Cloud-native computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">Cloud storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">Cloud storage gateways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">Data centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dew_computing" title="Dew computing">Dew computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Mobile cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cloud_application" title="Native cloud application">Native cloud application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_cloud" title="Personal cloud">Personal cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serverless_computing" title="Serverless computing">Serverless computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_structured_storage_software" title="Comparison of structured storage software">Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">Virtual appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_API" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_cloud" title="Virtual private cloud">Virtual private cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (company)">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">HP Cloud</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lark_(software)" title="Lark (software)">Lark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Office 365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owncloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Owncloud">Owncloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Drive" title="Proton Drive">Proton Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rackspace_Technology" title="Rackspace Technology">Rackspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafile" title="Seafile">Seafile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlateSpin" class="mw-redirect" title="PlateSpin">PlateSpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workday,_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoho_Corporation" title="Zoho Corporation">Zoho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppScale" title="AppScale">AppScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (company)">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CloudBolt" title="CloudBolt">CloudBolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Foundry" title="Cloud Foundry">Cloud Foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine_(PaaS)" title="Cocaine (PaaS)">Cocaine (PaaS)</a></li> <li>Creatio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_Yard" title="Engine Yard">Engine Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HPE_Helion" title="HPE Helion">Helion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predix_(software)" title="Predix (software)">GE Predix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">Google App Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroku" title="Heroku">Heroku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inktank_Storage" title="Inktank Storage">Inktank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelastic" title="Jelastic">Jelastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MindSphere" title="MindSphere">MindSphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OutSystems" title="OutSystems">OutSystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenQRM" title="OpenQRM">openQRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PythonAnywhere" title="PythonAnywhere">PythonAnywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RightScale" title="RightScale">RightScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalr" title="Scalr">Scalr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce#Force.com" title="Salesforce">Force.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_BTP" title="SAP BTP">SAP Business Technology Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splunk" title="Splunk">Splunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiquo_Enterprise_Edition" title="Abiquo Enterprise Edition">Abiquo Enterprise Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CloudStack" title="Apache CloudStack">CloudStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Cloud" title="Citrix Cloud">Citrix Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deft_(company)" title="Deft (company)">Deft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMC_Atmos" title="EMC Atmos">EMC Atmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_(software)" title="Eucalyptus (software)">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUJITSU_Cloud_IaaS_Trusted_Public_S5" title="FUJITSU Cloud IaaS Trusted Public S5">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iland" title="Iland">iland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyent" title="Joyent">Joyent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linode" title="Linode">Linode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunacloud" title="Lunacloud">Lunacloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirantis" title="Mirantis">Mirantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbula" title="Nimbula">Nimbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_(cloud_computing)" title="Nimbus (cloud computing)">Nimbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenIO" title="OpenIO">OpenIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenNebula" title="OpenNebula">OpenNebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrionVM" title="OrionVM">OrionVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud" title="Rackspace Cloud">Rackspace Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Swiss_Cloud" title="Safe Swiss Cloud">Safe Swiss Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadara" title="Zadara">Zadara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libvirt" title="Libvirt">libvirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libguestfs" title="Libguestfs">libguestfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OVirt" title="OVirt">OVirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virtual Machine Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakame-vdc" title="Wakame-vdc">Wakame-vdc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Private_Cloud_OnDemand" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Private 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