CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136aab868743dad',cH: 'pm4H9ZpzgUO0Jth6ILQ6NhVl2TTukvoWBx5.fIC7tVU-1739804634-1.2.1.1-5QyZzBOOP.ezJaY6Jxg8TsSI8jvHEoeP0fgdtbOELwzq3uRySvWYTQSQj.IE_rrA',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/138050\/a-risk-based-approach-to-construction-management?__cf_chl_tk=YYVohFbuK9gdwDlH4MYrK3ypMNJHwpQKpZ4oo79uZpw-1739804634-1.0.1.1-.1tsu72ZXT8y684VxOD4Jugof81h7u3gOtVJo428xPA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739804634',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/138050\/a-risk-based-approach-to-construction-management?__cf_chl_f_tk=YYVohFbuK9gdwDlH4MYrK3ypMNJHwpQKpZ4oo79uZpw-1739804634-1.0.1.1-.1tsu72ZXT8y684VxOD4Jugof81h7u3gOtVJo428xPA",md: "isE8uEodXn5mfjr_ByfL6ZLXH2btQWNi9cPfqvVEEL0-1739804634-1.2.1.1-RvHQyjtjAcp0GKJszdApSFFlORmpuTHLB0uqD5HQXSPj4qRh8t2lm1mVWAh0rO_uli2sPgGt4ITVulleX_Iadm5tZUIlUU0.NdoZ0HFvJALrc2IxJ_2v1qspkZzNpT9F6XHyKKnGVgpCpGFQ.4cJ5O3wIQhpyJmZvy9P7qlnSdbiCbb3v3GiqIvwX.fwcPZIPI692qm1tEcGs8UX9eD2NM24wst4nmkki7CioMm5EZiH5eWFDsvPytmN71JBKM6846X7XcdhjTOgnJD5ULNXeBhcb7dcA3OsYPoZo2O7bqi_xuq1Llb5Fho_QMw05fGmO4rQ1peTKOZGdXWy.aMi9ackDdnc8RKO8yKZwCw_Gmu4_dPQ.TxSd3pVYZ7r7Wv_fgj_cEzB.cyOm4qqMpRzOAVmuasamYIb.gvbo1UHT0ESzxl34pOiOxmsZib3qTLX1l6_lAYhQGVQfRowBJl01ZtjHbWBAAhYSKcIUMIPXYexRXHpb33Ksb99ZnJnjVsHRDt5rQla0TCWHCFwfpOgq.PvwFmGrNDGv1tyfBy.Sp9TGO_7OBaa601Rq.xq8WAqN4yItTqIzcT6Zbp8hnoJyDLi7z5qAyN05C9YuV9taTn7hdTwILC7z1A1tD0ryAVyBqn6xOG85BCQFj_BEODlIGPaj1eFRzKCOHFcOOOBUFFXrlja3gRr0wulwkaq4NWZuKntWUqY4hqrDS7XgHCG2.YS.B6xC_7dAxGh30DBGYdsVErWCPnj7HwF.9YyoghG5wUiRTxcNYM6rkEUNMNSNHEqiKfWJus58wREfUSd_f4wUOhVZ0C1bxVz_2oAF8Jzlf_6BhjPl75O3rGdDX.8co916BtYykDisM0BddC6ypr25iNrhdhUrCdKgAY2oFwKmJQDlmycumz5MdV1Md16Bg2Ahrvf.BpnFtq8SYF2apIEU2viqNARDTZIGBgrsLRa7PTXJsE5kfTgjdcACPHT2pfZDmrzwIVBgKSZJv0hTkDrhedR5X1u0JJoX0DpF56ie0Q7ipR3.WWSZEbV.PLGZ2vyCSWfNHWM0WDAe9ipVjciJ_rbuqydCdFtJf8OaAC.eTs21ivFMaV12XC0eIMsJC5rGBaoxK6AQ7kEKh9QxIX.2I.dHDUEOpz3jwEiuAskDt.YIg.m5pbV.VNFeM5_txgqqY.1.x1SB5MpIwf7b6t48pctD5149w.kixcuegCbXYou4mtHDfmiMPFjSXrGtYBMX0Y.PhD4EUrY2RHB9bxZhEZNClnphJ6q4m_IHRvLFpcG63RYwt3GETz_7HAYOcaLALynPnQDvDZDZAQvwW.91OMzXBxVmpm2L6OLUue6Za30A5odPBe8SVAnAVAyBLgP1P68jFVEWQ0ORdK.L.hrZkpOp0._PBDgjI2zOm8ScHVuE4FskP6KNvPrWJE5DZCIl12a372.gS0DuVAsI05IXmAONP4BGozmfYSSh5DW.tLIjBAJaP6V3QYbzMmbNmyWbfRnLkgU7AmjqjeE0Faz3bnY7WfXgljxhJvliTjWL77tSgFkDHGHixj4jy5Wubs_HobYZH8eZ4pVyufSpTi0w5KTJ6ojQKyPmQGsuqZ6AmO4MGk5tF5GvoJqvfr5zL.1AgxJskXt3VFgLnE10ttF1eU9AIKPGiSTy_W8NH7dr457a8m7NJ9CJSE9PWVttGUNbsfB.s.HidG86s_sAWesAHNMxtAD16xe2J5Avmo63NdXQGM7OIhzYvAmoYbDm5636esfG7O5mrgMCqbyOT2MYBZ9mD.8MyOtPypqjE2Ij3PGyt4qgzV8NYGEs7GbK80lYFcs8dJ3bh0QL2CX4lXjfNSrp5NlDYT05rtI6lbT_3aEB_3wRIC6jrWdVxJffK.WbtkYqX6IXMy6PHhNvqTuCKbTIJGhdAqPAOFAUaGCV2qnxyHvdiLzypLN_Nn5Xgr4wMjgC5xKF50hmuV1v2dawcy2Bkn6l3dwIrxD3VW1wh4gDCWFmkR0S78ihXtpPYWc37ZBDzqmW9C512IEzPEz01OOn6I23gnGRq1QE.2t",mdrd: "9B2KlWNl6yf8gFu7fnLEX4DtGW5to6IUQcEjYXlzU38-1739804634-1.2.1.1-KZ_uooU.K9cxALtvF7JktEJlw0o7YKZstYqJGiVS1urf8ucYfL75Ycotr_sIr5j9wUvSMJEXs4l6wKSOPqZjerGQxXL6vpe5I94Wl3NxD9cSdUWS.gen89E6YyNUyFwEgupOjXof3gO5YLmUSW.whn6d5Li3Q0EQObI3N5ycyzjh5aq33IgDlwgWo3qB0du6qbhLbYAtzk12Eh.wvcuJry9hJl0S6fn22OnDR8IOHEEj3ymX7hZVtpfpVQoDBw0YvF8n6K7BkX216Yb8N.2ytyc9NVGSjE7DXCO8F1z7cHheOg.wVcGX72qPu8982qOP92oQbZTYqBh54dwCubtgU3eZfzyeND9nnnquxJKl8y3D8zvxbW_k4eibluadLftLF7OmcQ.rKYadC8ossYE8yQ807So34AKxj7w4.B4Smc2tjMypq0qAGmjyMXtkml_F1GqurqJXMgTh1h2CrCRO9_styY3jPOTPcVTngWbprfd3eWzYR4vnsniCYSd7xb99RTsvj12o3Ni3e5qF7xk98WoAzysTyBHykqU3GZb6d4yWiMMhCDiV3nIxGVU.fY3qMirHU3bD__TGWzr1DceHP8q6y5pQU8G_2pt8yRBnpH0iXXzUkQ9MQ1P2tM_O6IkjaOu447UiMACodo2eILLhbtlxRhWLbqfCz77r5miJWbjkbLogiXu3yIXbkx9k7QeLsD1aQ_bg_l3qB9dywL0cDHALYQtmu9BZwaCyXwWOllCSDQAgEWtLWtmSKZbKnK3hOwAKY.wzkmQxqBnhCim9JnRcNsM.6obEPInDQo.s92vxg81Pve4QNVjRANOwYjX_WDpAbF67SUCp7Y8zkSJz.xgxg1xYQuQIZutwMSB2HwQb0DvgqNuEtY0YxZxcB0nAHdqUKkQl8r3sk8hPDNGjRaIrxBZTK.D80gPjSKhDApDKvrLfuxfgXQXYBcktQWMiEOaeLta8yGKSuQ6d1VgT0vihSjDFZTKV26f7tv5ZoqaPnwyPMKeCYreV8YWmJcpANYdOX4bmG02xVarmGk61RQK9lZa.tX033ziai2gMLUotSt0AXiiTuK4owtmZLeveP_m.ShBreFyVdqka0YJGyrZ7EcuYMwYhllX5Q56mDBlobRakloAQeN507lFppY4B5kkkXEu5g.88TJsasmDqnae.afqNJbxoBORjGNkryCuiHrGm2GrQfy.B6xU9XNjgDhSil0HdXiKF7qi7gmh0l0JQRhJqq_X6jXssRK.WHUlnHetuD_gXfksmMOaoLMd4s0FUKwcihER91ibp3Fs4Llm645dFAHmYN7C0zmDZ.5EiALgGWJSyMlAQrQuVXsicIu1GrGBcXBzEZ45g63dMFdAfAmCoyIzJgRGDxeGtD3Fm_NKMHyI6FjKC5tBc0TmenBRJ6OBWu4NtoY12wkDGaAs867XAtrJFy3AIwQwi4K1waoNQLQV5PQJRynMm4B77Qt10IrcobHWXP9lChuDiSsCyEs_rCUrBdGdwqbDBoTlH3ZbQUpH3Sfpg9DdPMfm0F122hAdVVVRCFd6OVK1LhY3yP8RLIBKY9qEAia1w2FWonX1wKmMoZq5xfEmFuHSs11Ke8djtexP4PJGLzqB7DrM7VoKG_x88tPo1qe7GZZLfgTNDpVHJCBxdGOCjWsqKfmdg5ucx_Z1Dduqlr_m4PHtSOHJFqH3JIj56vQezCU6.xmF_OWxp9rflw.u0onrYW4garIDVhFbwdDczO.6nOrJM9iAGaJRtMrWPXlR552zFj9YPCWXAkbU.jGH75H_ZZvWCDUNrOP3ED8sQLURp5VqKHDxpg_W_MUiHVLAr52nSziUq5VHp6lFLBHDRkxPT5xseT2MCqa5RxgVK0McKgijCr22zxTt.oWPqbog1ZnJB0sz_kXhY7Bek7U9zFRShXvlfpM3WFUNjVIu2hvgznjHkyqeJafWawi8bt0KGtd1qog5sOmFd4H.VKdk6ePOa"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136aab868743dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/138050\/a-risk-based-approach-to-construction-management?__cf_chl_rt_tk=YYVohFbuK9gdwDlH4MYrK3ypMNJHwpQKpZ4oo79uZpw-1739804634-1.0.1.1-.1tsu72ZXT8y684VxOD4Jugof81h7u3gOtVJo428xPA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>