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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xiphos</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xifos" title="Xifos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xifos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%ADfos" title="Xífos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Xífos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xiphos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CE%AF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1)" title="Ξίφος (αρχαία Ελλάδα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξίφος (αρχαία Ελλάδα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xifos" title="Xifos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xifos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xiphos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EC%8B%9C%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="크시포스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크시포스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksifos" title="Ksifos – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ksifos" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Xiphos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xiphos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קסיפוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קסיפוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%82%B9" title="サイフォス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サイフォス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xiphos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Xiphos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xifo" title="Xifo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xifo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ксифос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ксифос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xifos" title="Xifos – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Xifos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ксифос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ксифос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksifos" title="Ksifos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ksifos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xiphos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ксифос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ксифос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1500165#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Greek shortsword</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiphos_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Xiphos_2.jpg/220px-Xiphos_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Xiphos_2.jpg/330px-Xiphos_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Xiphos_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>Modern reconstruction of a Greek xiphos and scabbard.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_Actaeon_BM_VaseF176.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Death_Actaeon_BM_VaseF176.jpg/220px-Death_Actaeon_BM_VaseF176.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Death_Actaeon_BM_VaseF176.jpg/330px-Death_Actaeon_BM_VaseF176.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Death_Actaeon_BM_VaseF176.jpg/440px-Death_Actaeon_BM_VaseF176.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a> holding a xiphos. <a href="/wiki/Lucanian_vase_painting" title="Lucanian vase painting">Painted vase</a> from <a href="/wiki/Metaponto" title="Metaponto">Metaponto</a>, c. 390–380 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>xiphos</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ξίφος</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ksípʰos]</a></span>; plural <i><b>xiphe</b></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ξίφη</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ksípʰɛː]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a double-edged, one-handed <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age straight shortsword</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a>. It was a secondary battlefield weapon for the Greek armies after the <a href="/wiki/Dory_(spear)" title="Dory (spear)">dory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Javelin" title="Javelin">javelin</a>. The classic <a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">blade</a> was generally about 45–60 cm (18–24 in) long, although the <a href="/wiki/Spartans" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartans">Spartans</a> supposedly preferred to use blades as short as 30 cm (12 in) around the era of the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_xiphos,_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Iron_xiphos%2C_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg/220px-Iron_xiphos%2C_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Iron_xiphos%2C_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg/330px-Iron_xiphos%2C_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Iron_xiphos%2C_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg/440px-Iron_xiphos%2C_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Iron <i>xiphos</i>, Thessaloniki museum</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Cameron_Stone" title="George Cameron Stone">Stone's <i>Glossary</i></a> has <i>xiphos</i> being a name used by Homer for a sword. The entry in the book says that the sword had a double-edged blade widest at about two-thirds of its length from the point, and ending in a very long point.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word is attested in <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> form as <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐀥𐀯𐀟𐀁</span></span>, <i><span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><i lang="gmy-Latn">qi-si-pe-e</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A relation to Arabic <i><a href="/wiki/Arab_sword" title="Arab sword">saifun</a></i> ('a sword') and Egyptian <i>sēfet</i> has been suggested, although this does not explain the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Labialized_velar_consonant" title="Labialized velar consonant">labiovelar</a> in Mycenaean.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One suggestion connects Ossetic <i>äxsirf</i> "sickle",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would point to a virtual Indo-European <i>*k<sup>w</sup>sibhro-</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most <i>xiphe</i> handles followed a two-piece construction (similar to a knife) using either native woods or, for more exotic imports, ebony and animal bone. The two slabs were attached to the tang of the sword, secured via two or three pins and then made smooth via filing giving the characteristic oval shape of a <i>xiphos</i> grip. Hand guards usually followed a "bridge" shape and were either also of organic material or iron or a combination of both, also secured via pins on each point. Some swords found in Italy or Macedonia tended to have an iron extension/reinforcement running along the handle (see picture of modern reconstruction of a <i>xiphos</i> made by Manning Imperial above). </p><p>There have been finds of <i>xiphe</i> with hilts decorated with gold foil. These swords were most likely ceremonial since they are always found in burial sites. </p><p>Surviving <i>xiphe</i> are relatively rare, but appear alongside iron weapons in burial sites, indicating both a household status and continued use into the Iron Age.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_xiphe,_a_kopis_and_spearheads_from_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_xiphe%2C_a_kopis_and_spearheads_from_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg/231px-Two_xiphe%2C_a_kopis_and_spearheads_from_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_xiphe%2C_a_kopis_and_spearheads_from_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg/347px-Two_xiphe%2C_a_kopis_and_spearheads_from_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Two_xiphe%2C_a_kopis_and_spearheads_from_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg/462px-Two_xiphe%2C_a_kopis_and_spearheads_from_Thessaloniki_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Iron <i>xiphos</i>, <i>khopis</i> and iron spear heads, Thessaloniki Museum </figcaption></figure> <p>The period between the Classical and Iron Ages is often referred to as a "dark age", but it featured important developments and innovations in metal casting, alloy construction, and procurement as widespread use of metallurgy slowly spread out of Iberia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The xiphos sometimes has a midrib, and is diamond or lenticular in cross-section. It was a rather light weapon, with a weight around 450–900 g (0.99–1.98 lb). It was generally hung from a <a href="/wiki/Baldric" title="Baldric">baldric</a> under the left arm.<sup id="cite_ref-myarmoury.com_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myarmoury.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>xiphos</i> was generally used only when the spear was broken, taken by the enemy, or discarded for close combat. Very few <i>xiphe</i> are known to have survived. </p><p>The <i>xiphos</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s leaf-shaped design lent itself to both cutting and thrusting. The origin of the design goes back to the Bronze Age; the blade of the <i>xiphos</i> looks almost identical to the blade of the Mycenaean Naue II sword, which itself transitioned from having a blade of bronze into a blade of iron during the Archaic period. It is likely that the <i>xiphos</i> is the natural evolution of the iron version of the Naue II but with a more sophisticated handle design. </p><p>The leaf-shaped short swords were not limited to Greece, as mentioned, but can be found throughout Europe in the late Bronze Age under various names.<sup id="cite_ref-Brunning,_Sue_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunning,_Sue-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early Celtic <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> short sword, contemporary with the <i>xiphos</i>, had a virtually identical blade design as the <i>xiphos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronze_sword_myth">Bronze sword myth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bronze sword myth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Xiphos" title="Special:EditPage/Xiphos">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Contrary to popular belief, no example of a <i>xiphos</i> made from <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> has ever been found. The several whole or partial <i>xiphe</i> blades found in places such as Olympia, Macedonia and Southern Italy were all made exclusively from iron. Furthermore <i>Xiphos</i> swords only began to appear centuries after typical Bronze Age weapons - such as the Naue II - had transitioned from bronze to iron. In reality the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze Age sword</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> was a completely different weapon, and Xiphe were not developed until after the end of the Bronze Age circa 1200 BCE. Researchers think the misidentification of Bronze Age ornaments has created the modern-day myth that the <i>xiphe</i> were ever cast in bronze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gladius" title="Gladius">Gladius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhaira" title="Makhaira">Makhaira</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Qi-si-pe-e</i> is thought to be the <a href="/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)" title="Dual (grammatical number)">dual number</a> <a href="/wiki/Nominative_case" title="Nominative case">nominative case</a> form of *<i>qi-si-po</i>; that is, its meaning is "two swords". It is found on the <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">PY</a> Ta 716 tablet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mycenaean <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐀞𐀏𐀙</span></span>, <i>pa-ka-na</i>, could be an attested form of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φάσγανον</span></span>, <i>phasganon</i>, the famous <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homeric</a> word for sword.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sword is usually represented iconographically in <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">ideogram</a> <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style><span class="script-Linb">𐃉</span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>References</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=ci/fos"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ξίφος</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Cameron Stone, <i>A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration, and Use of Arms and Armor</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16755">"The Linear B word qi-si-pe-e"</a>. Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Linear+B+word+qi-si-pe-e&rft.pub=Palaeolexicon.+Word+study+tool+of+Ancient+languages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaeolexicon.com%2FShowWord.aspx%3FId%3D16755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymoure" class="citation web cs1">Raymoure, K. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319205406/http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/qi/qi-si-pe-e/">"qi-si-pe-e"</a>. <i>Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B</i>. Deaditerranean. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/qi/qi-si-pe-e/">the original</a> on 2016-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minoan+Linear+A+%26+Mycenaean+Linear+B&rft.atitle=qi-si-pe-e&rft.aulast=Raymoure&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminoan.deaditerranean.com%2Fresources%2Flinear-b-sign-groups%2Fqi%2Fqi-si-pe-e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4982">"PY 716 Ta (2)"</a>. <i>DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%C4%80MOS%3A+Database+of+Mycenaean+at+Oslo&rft.atitle=PY+716+Ta+%282%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.hf.uio.no%2Fdamos%2FIndex%2Fitem%2Fchosen_item_id%2F4982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeubeck1958" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heubeck, Alfred (1958). "MYKENISCH *<i>qi-si-po</i> = ξίφος". <i>Minos</i> (in German). <b>6</b>: 114–116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minos&rft.atitle=MYKENISCH+%2Aqi-si-po+%3D+%CE%BE%CE%AF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=114-116&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Heubeck&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=fa/sganon"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φάσγανον</span></span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16840">"The Linear B word pa-ka-na"</a>. Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Linear+B+word+pa-ka-na&rft.pub=Palaeolexicon.+Word+study+tool+of+Ancient+languages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaeolexicon.com%2FShowWord.aspx%3FId%3D16840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymoure" class="citation web cs1">Raymoure, K.A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013061210/http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/pa/pa-ka-na/">"pa-ka-na"</a>. <i>Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B</i>. Deaditerranean. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/pa/pa-ka-na/">the original</a> on 2013-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minoan+Linear+A+%26+Mycenaean+Linear+B&rft.atitle=pa-ka-na&rft.aulast=Raymoure&rft.aufirst=K.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminoan.deaditerranean.com%2Fresources%2Flinear-b-sign-groups%2Fpa%2Fpa-ka-na%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frisk, <i>Griechisches Etymologisches Woerterbuch</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Čop <a href="/wiki/Historische_Sprachforschung" title="Historische Sprachforschung">KZ</a> 74, p. 231 f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachrach,_Bernard_S.2017" class="citation book cs1">Bachrach, Bernard S. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/961307661"><i>Warfare in medieval Europe, c.400-c.1453</i></a>. Bachrach, David S., 1971-. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-88765-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-88765-7"><bdi>978-1-138-88765-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961307661">961307661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+medieval+Europe%2C+c.400-c.1453&rft.place=London&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961307661&rft.isbn=978-1-138-88765-7&rft.au=Bachrach%2C+Bernard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F961307661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachrach,_Bernard_S.2017" class="citation book cs1">Bachrach, Bernard S. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/961307661"><i>Warfare in medieval Europe, c.400-c.1453</i></a>. Bachrach, David S., 1971-. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-88765-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-88765-7"><bdi>978-1-138-88765-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961307661">961307661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+medieval+Europe%2C+c.400-c.1453&rft.place=London&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961307661&rft.isbn=978-1-138-88765-7&rft.au=Bachrach%2C+Bernard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F961307661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-myarmoury.com-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-myarmoury.com_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myarmoury.com/talk/viewtopic.php?t=6021">"Leaf-Blades? -- myArmoury.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leaf-Blades%3F+--+myArmoury.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myarmoury.com%2Ftalk%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D6021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brunning,_Sue-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brunning,_Sue_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunning,_Sue" class="citation book cs1">Brunning, Sue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1105200255"><i>The sword in early Medieval Northern Europe : experience, identity, representation</i></a>. Woodbridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78744-456-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78744-456-0"><bdi>978-1-78744-456-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1105200255">1105200255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+sword+in+early+Medieval+Northern+Europe+%3A+experience%2C+identity%2C+representation&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1105200255&rft.isbn=978-1-78744-456-0&rft.au=Brunning%2C+Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1105200255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_ML-1669">"Sword: La Tène II"</a>. <i>www.britishmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britishmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Sword%3A+La+T%C3%A8ne+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FH_ML-1669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiphos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sword_types_and_classifications_by_region_and_historical_era" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swords_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swords by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sword_types_and_classifications_by_region_and_historical_era" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_swords" title="Types of swords">Sword types</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords" title="Classification of swords">classifications</a> by region and <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_swords" title="List of historical swords">historical era</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">Swordsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Edgeless_and_Thrusting_swords" title="Classification of swords">Thrusting swords (Edgeless)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Single-edge_and_Curved_swords" title="Classification of swords">Curved swords (Single-edge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Double-edge_and_straight_swords" title="Classification of swords">Straight swords (Double-edge)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladius" title="Gladius">Gladius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">Falcata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhaira" title="Makhaira">Makhaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatha" title="Spatha">Spatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sica" title="Sica">Sica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomphaia" title="Rhomphaia">Rhomphaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falx" title="Falx">Falx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_sword" title="Migration Period sword">Migration Period sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_sword" title="Viking sword">Viking sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knightly_sword" title="Knightly sword">Arming sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longsword" title="Longsword">Longsword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claymore" title="Claymore">Claymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falchion" title="Falchion">Falchion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">Zweihänder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spada_da_lato" title="Spada da lato">Spada da lato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzbalger" title="Katzbalger">Katzbalger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquedea" title="Cinquedea">Cinquedea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estoc" title="Estoc">Estoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espada_ropera" class="mw-redirect" title="Espada ropera">Espada ropera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_degen" title="Swiss degen">Swiss degen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colhona" class="mw-redirect" title="Colhona">Colhona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history#Late_modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">Late modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">Rapier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre" title="Sabre">Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlass" title="Cutlass">Cutlass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket-hilted_sword" title="Basket-hilted sword">Basket-hilted sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_sword" title="Small sword">Small sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">Hunting sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_sword" title="Pistol sword">Pistol sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashka" title="Shashka">Shashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spadroon" title="Spadroon">Spadroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_bayonet" title="Sword bayonet">Sword bayonet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sword" title="Chinese sword">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jian" title="Jian">Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)"> Dao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hook_sword" title="Hook sword">Hook sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanmadao" title="Zhanmadao">Zhanmadao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ming – Qing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyedao" title="Liuyedao">Liuyedao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodao" title="Wodao">Wodao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdao" title="Changdao">Changdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmaodao" title="Yanmaodao">Yanmaodao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)">Dadao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaodao" title="Miaodao">Miaodao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_sword" title="Korean sword">Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bronze Age – Gojoseon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hwandudaedo" title="Hwandudaedo">Hwandudaedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Goryeo and Joseon era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonguk_geom" title="Bonguk geom">Bonguk geom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wungeom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wungeom (page does not exist)">Wungeom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Tiger_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Tiger Sword (page does not exist)">Four Tiger Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yayoi – Nara periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chokut%C5%8D" title="Chokutō">Chokutō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsurugi_(sword)" title="Tsurugi (sword)">Tsurugi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heian – Kamakura periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachi" title="Tachi">Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cdachi" title="Ōdachi">Ōdachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachi" title="Kodachi">Kodachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamaki" title="Nagamaki">Nagamaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tant%C5%8D" title="Tantō">Tantō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muromachi – Edo periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wakizashi" title="Wakizashi">Wakizashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katana" title="Katana">Katana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meiji period and beyond</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunt%C5%8D" title="Guntō">Guntō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iait%C5%8D" title="Iaitō">Iaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninjat%C5%8D" title="Ninjatō">Ninjatō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikomizue" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikomizue">Shikomizue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_sword" title="Indian sword">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(sword)" title="Khanda (sword)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumi" title="Urumi">Urumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruval" title="Aruval">Aruval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_(sword)" title="Firangi (sword)">Firangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastane" title="Kastane">Kastane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talwar" title="Talwar">Talwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwar" title="Pulwar">Pulwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam_vaal" title="Kayamkulam vaal">Kayamkulam vaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pata_(sword)" title="Pata (sword)">Pata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western and<br />Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acinaces" title="Acinaces">Acinaces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parthian_Long_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parthian Long Sword (page does not exist)">Parthian Long Sword</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">Falcata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasanian_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasanian Sword (page does not exist)">Sasanian Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_sword" title="Arab sword">Arab sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar" title="Scimitar">Scimitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshir" title="Shamshir">Shamshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij" title="Kilij">Kilij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turko-Mongol_sabers" class="mw-redirect" title="Turko-Mongol sabers">Turko-Mongol Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatagan" title="Yatagan">Yatagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mameluke_sword" title="Mameluke sword">Mameluke sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qama" title="Qama">Qama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindjal">Kindjal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesian_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Indonesian Weapons">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandau_(knife)" title="Mandau (knife)">Mandau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niabor" title="Niabor">Niabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(knife)" title="Parang (knife)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balato_(sword)" title="Balato (sword)">Balato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(sword)" title="Gari (sword)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surik_(sword)" title="Surik (sword)">Surik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keris_bahari" title="Keris bahari">Keris bahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klewang" title="Klewang">Klewang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis">Sundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langgai_Tinggang" title="Langgai Tinggang">Langgai Tinggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_Nabur" title="Parang Nabur">Parang Nabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikin_Panjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikin Panjang">Sikin Panjang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filipino_weapons" title="Template:Filipino weapons">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasiong" title="Balasiong">Balasiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkung" title="Bangkung">Bangkung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyal" title="Banyal">Banyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_(sword)" title="Barong (sword)">Barong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Batangas sword">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicuco" title="Bicuco">Bicuco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binagong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binagong (page does not exist)">Binagong</a> (Binangon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_knife" title="Bolo knife">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahong_palay" title="Dahong palay">Dahong palay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garab_(sword)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garab (sword) (page does not exist)">Garab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayang" title="Gayang">Gayang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginunting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginunting (page does not exist)">Ginunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golok" title="Golok">Gulok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampilan" title="Kampilan">Kampilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis">Kalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karambit" title="Karambit">Karambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahot" title="Lahot">Lahot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laring" title="Laring">Laring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panabas" title="Panabas">Panabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(knife)" title="Parang (knife)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirah" title="Pirah">Pirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinuti">Pinuti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanduko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanduko (page does not exist)">Sanduko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sansibar_(sword)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sansibar (sword) (page does not exist)">Sansibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundang">Sundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuwat" title="Susuwat">Susuwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibon_(sword)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talibon (sword)">Talibon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utak" title="Utak">Utak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasay (page does not exist)">Wasay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish colonization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balisword" title="Balisword">Balisword</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espada_y_daga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espada y daga (page does not exist)">Espada y daga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hagibis_(knife)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hagibis (knife) (page does not exist)">Hagibis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenegre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenegre (page does not exist)">Tenegre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dha_(sword)" title="Dha (sword)">Dha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Classic stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krabi%E2%80%93krabong" title="Krabi–krabong">Krabi–krabong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cambodia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preah_Khan_Reach" title="Preah Khan Reach">Preah Khan Reach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thailand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phra_Saeng_Khan_Chai_Si" class="mw-redirect" title="Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si">Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoamerica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-Columbian_era" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Columbian era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macuahuitl" title="Macuahuitl">Macuahuitl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macana" title="Macana">Macana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acinaces" title="Acinaces">Acinaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_Weapons" title="Template:Africa Weapons">Mainland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ida_(sword)" title="Ida (sword)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaskara" title="Kaskara">Kaskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimcha" title="Nimcha">Nimcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flyssa" title="Flyssa">Flyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotel" title="Shotel">Shotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billao" title="Billao">Billao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoba" title="Takoba">Takoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&oldid=1252300862">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiphos&oldid=1252300862</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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