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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tang_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tang_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tang dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tang_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Song_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Song_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Song dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Song_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yuan_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yuan_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Yuan dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yuan_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_descriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_descriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Foreign descriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_descriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Development zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks_and_resorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_resorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Parks and resorts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_resorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proverbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proverbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Proverbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proverbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Public</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycle_hire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycle_hire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cycle hire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycle_hire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_and_sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_and_sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Air and sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_and_sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hangzhou</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88" title="هانغتشو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هانغتشو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C" title="হাংচৌ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাংচৌ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2ng-chiu-chh%C4%AB" title="Hâng-chiu-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hâng-chiu-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханчжоу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ханчжоу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханджоу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ханджоу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧང་ཀྲོའུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧང་ཀྲོའུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Hangzhou (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hangzhou (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang-%C4%8Dou" title="Chang-čou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chang-čou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou_Shi" title="Hangzhou Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hangzhou Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Χανγκτσόου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χανγκτσόου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang%C4%9Do%C5%ADo" title="Hangĝoŭo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hangĝoŭo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%D9%88" title="هانگژو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هانگژو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" title="杭州 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="杭州" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2ng-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hòng-chû-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hòng-chû-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="항저우시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항저우시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B3%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Հանճոու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանճոու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8A" title="हांगझोऊ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हांगझोऊ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханчжоу – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ханчжоу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95" title="האנגג'ואו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האנגג'ואו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="ხანგჭოუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხანგჭოუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханчжоу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ханчжоу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hancheum" title="Hancheum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hancheum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand%C5%BEou" title="Handžou – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Handžou" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangd%C5%BEou" title="Hangdžou – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hangdžou" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangcsou" title="Hangcsou – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hangcsou" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9D%E0%B5%97" title="ഹാങ്ഝൗ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാങ്ഝൗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C" title="हांगचौ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हांगचौ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="ჰანჯოუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰანჯოუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%D9%88" title="هانگژو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هانگژو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2ng-ci%C5%AD" title="Hòng-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hòng-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханжоу – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ханжоу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဟန်ကျိုးမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟန်ကျိုးမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="杭州市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="杭州市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanchjou" title="Xanchjou – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xanchjou" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%99%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B" title="ਹਾਂਙਚੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਂਙਚੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%D9%88" title="ہانگژو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہانگژو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C" title="ហាងចូវ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហាងចូវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanchjou" title="Xanchjou – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Xanchjou" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханчжоу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ханчжоу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханчжоу – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ханчжоу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A3" title="ᱦᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang-%C4%8Dou" title="Chang-čou – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chang-čou" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangd%C5%BEov" title="Hangdžov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hangdžov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%9F%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Хангџоу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хангџоу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82" title="காங்சூ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காங்சூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7" title="หางโจว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หางโจว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ханчжоу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ханчжоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%D9%88" title="ہانگژو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہانگژو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%AD%D8%AC%DB%87_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1" title="خاڭجۇ شەھىر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خاڭجۇ شەھىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzcouh" title="Hangzcouh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hangzcouh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%C4%8D%C5%BEou" title="Hančžou – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hančžou" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Hàng Châu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hàng Châu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="杭州市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="杭州市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hangzhou" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="杭州市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="杭州市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" title="杭州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杭州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hangzhou&params=30.267_N_120.153_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-33_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°16′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°09′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.267°N 120.153°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.267; 120.153</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Zhejiang, China</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city in Zhejiang, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Hangzhou</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh">杭州市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Hangchow</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a></div></td></tr><tr 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/20201012%E4%BB%8E%E9%92%B1%E5%A1%98%E6%B1%9F%E6%B1%9F%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8A%E7%A9%BA%E8%A7%82%E7%9C%8B%E9%92%B1%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E.jpg/536px-20201012%E4%BB%8E%E9%92%B1%E5%A1%98%E6%B1%9F%E6%B1%9F%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8A%E7%A9%BA%E8%A7%82%E7%9C%8B%E9%92%B1%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang_New_City" title="Qianjiang New City">Hangzhou CBD</a> skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Travel_China_Tour_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/China_Travel_China_Tour_China.jpg/250px-China_Travel_China_Tour_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/China_Travel_China_Tour_China.jpg/330px-China_Travel_China_Tour_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3865" data-file-height="2576" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Huang_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheng Huang Temple">Chenghuang Pavilion</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blubb_(10595970686).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Blubb_%2810595970686%29.jpg/132px-Blubb_%2810595970686%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Blubb_%2810595970686%29.jpg/198px-Blubb_%2810595970686%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Blubb_%2810595970686%29.jpg/264px-Blubb_%2810595970686%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3588" data-file-height="2392" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Changqiao_Park_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Changqiao_Park_8.jpg/132px-Changqiao_Park_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Changqiao_Park_8.jpg/198px-Changqiao_Park_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Changqiao_Park_8.jpg/264px-Changqiao_Park_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leifeng_Pagoda_DJI_0593_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Leifeng_Pagoda_DJI_0593_%282%29.jpg/132px-Leifeng_Pagoda_DJI_0593_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Leifeng_Pagoda_DJI_0593_%282%29.jpg/198px-Leifeng_Pagoda_DJI_0593_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Leifeng_Pagoda_DJI_0593_%282%29.jpg/264px-Leifeng_Pagoda_DJI_0593_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B0%8F%E6%A1%A5%E3%80%81%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A1%A5%E3%80%81%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6_-_panoramio.jpg/132px-%E5%B0%8F%E6%A1%A5%E3%80%81%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A1%A5%E3%80%81%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6_-_panoramio.jpg/198px-%E5%B0%8F%E6%A1%A5%E3%80%81%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A1%A5%E3%80%81%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6_-_panoramio.jpg/264px-%E5%B0%8F%E6%A1%A5%E3%80%81%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Xixi_National_Wetland_Park" title="Xixi National Wetland Park">Xixi National Wetland Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrace_to_Yue_Fei_Temple,_Hangzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Entrace_to_Yue_Fei_Temple%2C_Hangzhou.jpg/132px-Entrace_to_Yue_Fei_Temple%2C_Hangzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Entrace_to_Yue_Fei_Temple%2C_Hangzhou.jpg/198px-Entrace_to_Yue_Fei_Temple%2C_Hangzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Entrace_to_Yue_Fei_Temple%2C_Hangzhou.jpg/264px-Entrace_to_Yue_Fei_Temple%2C_Hangzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei_Temple" title="Yue Fei Temple">Yue Fei Temple</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_City_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Hangzhou"><img alt="Official logo of Hangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Hangzhou_City_Seal.png/100px-Hangzhou_City_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Hangzhou_City_Seal.png/150px-Hangzhou_City_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Hangzhou_City_Seal.png/200px-Hangzhou_City_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="278" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-lat="29.84" data-lon="119.76" data-overlays="["_8fe70fb69912915e268f7a6b978b016003d198fe"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/29.84/119.76/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,29.84,119.76,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Hangzhou&revid=1281213906&groups=_8fe70fb69912915e268f7a6b978b016003d198fe" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,29.84,119.76,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Hangzhou&revid=1281213906&groups=_8fe70fb69912915e268f7a6b978b016003d198fe 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_of_Hangzhou,_Zhejiang.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Hangzhou City jurisdiction in Zhejiang"><img alt="Location of Hangzhou City jurisdiction in Zhejiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Location_map_of_Hangzhou%2C_Zhejiang.png/250px-Location_map_of_Hangzhou%2C_Zhejiang.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Location_map_of_Hangzhou%2C_Zhejiang.png/500px-Location_map_of_Hangzhou%2C_Zhejiang.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="1661" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Hangzhou City jurisdiction in Zhejiang</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Zhejiang_adm.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hangzhou is located in Zhejiang"><img alt="Hangzhou is located in Zhejiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Zhejiang_adm.png/250px-Map_Zhejiang_adm.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Zhejiang_adm.png/500px-Map_Zhejiang_adm.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1653" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.651%;left:44.33%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hangzhou"><img alt="Hangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Hangzhou</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the city center in Zhejiang</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Zhejiang</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hangzhou is located in China"><img alt="Hangzhou is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.613%;left:78.3%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hangzhou"><img alt="Hangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Hangzhou</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the city center in China</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Zhejiang Municipal People's Government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hangzhou&params=30.267_N_120.153_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-33_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°16′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°09′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.267°N 120.153°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.267; 120.153</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangcheng District">Shangcheng District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jie_(born_1970)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Jie (born 1970)">Liu Jie</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Li Huolin</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Yao Gaoyuan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Ma Weiguang</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">16,821.1 km<sup>2</sup> (6,494.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,259.9 km<sup>2</sup> (3,189.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,107.9 km<sup>2</sup> (3,130.5 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,936,010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">710/km<sup>2</sup> (1,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,711,238</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,300/km<sup>2</sup> (3,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,035,329</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,600/km<sup>2</sup> (4,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • National rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hangzhounese<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:杭州">杭州</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:人">人</a></span></span>, <i>Hángzhōurén</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-hangzhou_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hangzhou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 2.186 trillion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 306.9 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 183,143<br />US$ 25,716</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">310000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-ZJ-01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Licence_plates_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence plates of the People's Republic of China">Licence plate</a> prefixes</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">浙A</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Regional variety</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou dialect</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/">Hangzhou.gov.cn</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><big><b>City tree</b></big><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor laurel</a> (<i>Cinnamomum camphora</i>)<big><br /><b>City flower</b></big><br /> <a href="/wiki/Osmanthus_fragrans" title="Osmanthus fragrans">Sweet Osmanthus</a> (<i>Osmanthus fragrans</i>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Hangzhou</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/90px-Hangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/135px-Hangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Hangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="130" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Hangzhou" in Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:杭州">杭州</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ɦaŋ-tsei <small>(<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou dialect</a>)</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hangchow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Hang Prefecture"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Hángzhōu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Hang<sup>2</sup>-chou<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[xǎŋ.ʈʂóʊ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">ɦaŋ-tsei <small>(<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou dialect</a>)</small></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Hong<sup>4</sup>-zau<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[hɔŋ˩.tsɐw˥]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Hâng-chiu</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Qiantang</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A1%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:钱塘">钱塘</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%A1%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:錢塘">錢塘</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Qiántáng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ch'ien-t'ang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕʰjɛ̌n.tʰǎŋ]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hangzhou</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital city of the Chinese province of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>. It is located in northwestern Zhejiang, sitting at the head of <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Bay" title="Hangzhou Bay">Hangzhou Bay</a>. </p><p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 Chinese census</a>, it had a total population of 11,936,010 inhabitants. Hangzhou ranks ninth in terms of <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>. Hangzhou hosts the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant_Group" title="Ant Group">Ant Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/DeepSeek" title="DeepSeek">DeepSeek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NetEase" title="NetEase">NetEase</a>. </p><p>Universities located in Hangzhou include <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University_of_Technology" title="Zhejiang University of Technology">Zhejiang University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Normal_University" title="Hangzhou Normal University">Hangzhou Normal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Dianzi_University" title="Hangzhou Dianzi University">Hangzhou Dianzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_A_%26_F_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhejiang A & F University">Zhejiang A&F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Sci-Tech_University" title="Zhejiang Sci-Tech University">Zhejiang Sci-Tech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Chinese_Medical_University" title="Zhejiang Chinese Medical University">Zhejiang Chinese Medical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westlake_University" title="Westlake University">Westlake</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Jiliang_University" title="China Jiliang University">China Jiliang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics">Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> west of the city, is among its best-known attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, it became the third Chinese city to host the <a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">Asian Games</a>. It was also the second Chinese city to host the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Para_Games" title="Asian Para Games">Asian Para Games</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Para_Games" title="2010 Asian Para Games">Guangzhou 2010</a>. Hangzhou also hosted the <a href="/wiki/2016_G20_Hangzhou_summit" title="2016 G20 Hangzhou summit">11th G20 summit</a> in 2016. Hangzhou ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">13th</a> globally by scientific outputs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hangzhou" title="Timeline of Hangzhou">Timeline of Hangzhou</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jade_cong,_Liangzhu_Culture,_5200-2200_BC,_Shanghai_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Jade_cong%2C_Liangzhu_Culture%2C_5200-2200_BC%2C_Shanghai_Museum.JPG/220px-Jade_cong%2C_Liangzhu_Culture%2C_5200-2200_BC%2C_Shanghai_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Jade_cong%2C_Liangzhu_Culture%2C_5200-2200_BC%2C_Shanghai_Museum.JPG/330px-Jade_cong%2C_Liangzhu_Culture%2C_5200-2200_BC%2C_Shanghai_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Jade_cong%2C_Liangzhu_Culture%2C_5200-2200_BC%2C_Shanghai_Museum.JPG/440px-Jade_cong%2C_Liangzhu_Culture%2C_5200-2200_BC%2C_Shanghai_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Cong_(jade)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cong (jade)">jade <i>cong</i></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liangzhu_culture" title="Liangzhu culture">Liangzhu culture</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The celebrated <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Neolithic">neolithic</a> culture of <a href="/wiki/Hemudu_culture" title="Hemudu culture">Hemudu</a> is known to have inhabited <a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a>, 100 km (62 mi) south-east of Hangzhou, as far back as seven thousand years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during this time that rice was first cultivated in southeast China.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations have established that the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_jade" title="Chinese jade">jade</a>-carving <a href="/wiki/Liangzhu_culture" title="Liangzhu culture">Liangzhu culture</a> (named for its <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a> just northwest of Hangzhou) inhabited the area immediately around the present city around five thousand years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first of Hangzhou's present neighborhoods to appear in written records was <a href="/wiki/Yuhang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhang">Yuhang</a>, which probably preserves an old <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a> name.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 222 BC, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Qin_Shi_Huang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Qin Shi Huang">Emperor Qin Shi Huang</a> established Qiantang County, located in the area of Wulin Mountains and Wulin Lakes, Hangzhou's aliases <b>Qiantang</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%94%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:錢唐">錢唐</a></span></span>) and <b>Wulin</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%9E%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:武林">武林</a></span></span>) began to appear during the Qin and Han dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hangzhou was made the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(Chinese_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou (Chinese province)">prefecture</a> of Hang in <span class="nowrap">AD 589</span>, entitling it to a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_wall" title="Chinese city wall">city wall</a> which was constructed two years later. By a longstanding convention also seen in other cities like <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>, the city took on the name of the area it administered and became known as Hangzhou. Hangzhou was at the southern end of China's <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> which extends to Beijing. The canal evolved over centuries but reached its full length by 609.<sup id="cite_ref-ebrey_cambridge_114_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebrey_cambridge_114-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tang_dynasty">Tang dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tang dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a>, a renowned poet, was appointed governor of Hangzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-Waley_1941,_131_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waley_1941,_131-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He noticed that the farmland nearby depended on the water of <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a>, but due to negligence the old <a href="/wiki/Dike_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dike (construction)">dyke</a> had collapsed, and the lake so dried out that the local farmers were suffering from severe <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>. He ordered the construction of a stronger and taller dyke, with a <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> to control the flow of water, mitigating the drought problem. The livelihood of local people of Hangzhou improved over the following years. Bai Juyi used his leisure time to enjoy the West Lake, visiting it almost daily. He then had willows and other trees planted along the dyke, making it a landmark. </p><p>It is listed as one of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Seven Ancient Capitals of China</a>. It was first the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Wuyue_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuyue Kingdom">Wuyue Kingdom</a> from 907 to 978<sup id="cite_ref-:04_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86">: 86 </span></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>. Named <b>Xifu</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:西府">西府</a></span></span>) at the time,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was one of the three great bastions of culture in <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">southern China</a> during the tenth century<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2023)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup>, along with <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worthy_1983_19_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worthy_1983_19-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaders of Wuyue were noted patrons of the arts, particularly of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> temple architecture and artwork. The dyke built to protect the city by King<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a> gave the <a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang</a> its modern name.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hangzhou also became a cosmopolitan center, drawing scholars from throughout China and conducting diplomacy with neighboring Chinese states, and also with <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Song_dynasty">Song dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Song dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1089, another renowned poet governor <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> (Su Dongpo) used 200,000 workers to construct a 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeway</a> across West Lake made of mud dredged from the lake bottom. The lake is surrounded by hills on the northern and western sides. The <a href="/wiki/Baochu_Pagoda" title="Baochu Pagoda">Baochu Pagoda</a> sits on the Baoshi Hill to the north of the lake. </p><p>Hangzhou was chosen as the new capital of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a> in 1132,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when most of <a href="/wiki/Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">northern China</a> had been conquered by the Jurchens in the <a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_wars" title="Jin–Song wars">Jin–Song wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surviving <a href="/wiki/House_of_Zhao" title="House of Zhao">imperial family</a> had retreated south from its original capital in <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> after it was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchens</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jingkang_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkang Incident">Jingkang Incident</a> of 1127.<sup id="cite_ref-moteb_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moteb-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song">Emperor Gaozong</a> moved to Nanjing, then to modern <a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a> in 1128, and finally to Hangzhou in 1129.<sup id="cite_ref-moteb_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moteb-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mote_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mote-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the prospect of retaking northern China had diminished, buildings in Hangzhou were extended and renovated to become a permanent imperial capital. The imperial palace in Hangzhou, modest in size, was expanded in 1133 with new roofed alleyways, and in 1148 with an extension of the palace walls.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city walls were built with <a href="/wiki/Tamped_earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamped earth">tamped earth</a> and stone and was 30 feet high and 10 feet thick at its base. There were 13 gates and several towers on the walls. The walls covered the city by four miles north to south and only one mile east to west.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Italian explorer <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a>, Hangzhou was the greatest city in the world. It was heavily populated and filled with large family estates. It had 12,000 bridges. Bread, pork, rice, and wine were abundant despite the large population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYule2002128_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYule2002128-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arab merchants lived in Hangzhou during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, due to the fact that the oceangoing trade passages took precedence over land trade during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Mosque" title="Phoenix Mosque">Phoenix Mosque</a> was constructed by a Persian settler in Hangzhou at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1132 until the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> invasion of 1276, Hangzhou remained the capital of the Southern Song dynasty and was known as <b>Lin'an</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:臨安">臨安</a></span></span>). It served as the seat of the imperial government, a center of trade and entertainment, and the nexus of the main branches of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a>. During that time the city was a gravitational center of Chinese civilization as what used to be considered "central China" in the north was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a>, an ethnic minority dynasty ruled by <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchens</a>. </p><p>Numerous philosophers, politicians, and men of literature, including some of the most celebrated poets in Chinese history such as <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lu_You" title="Lu You">Lu You</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xin_Qiji" title="Xin Qiji">Xin Qiji</a> came here to live and die. Hangzhou is also the birthplace and final resting place of the scientist <a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a> (1031–1095 AD), his tomb being located in the <a href="/wiki/Yuhang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhang">Yuhang</a> district.<sup id="cite_ref-Yuhang_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuhang-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Southern Song dynasty, commercial expansion, an influx of refugees from the conquered north, and the growth of the official and military establishments, led to a corresponding population increase and the city developed well outside its 9th-century ramparts. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, Hangzhou had a population of over 2 million at that time, while historian <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gernet" title="Jacques Gernet">Jacques Gernet</a> has estimated that the population of Hangzhou numbered well over one million by 1276. (Official Chinese census figures from the year 1270 listed some 186,330 families in residence and probably failed to count non-residents and soldiers.) It is believed that Hangzhou was the largest city in the world from 1180 to 1315 and from 1348 to 1358.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the large population and densely crowded (often multi-story) wooden buildings, Hangzhou was particularly vulnerable to fires. Major conflagrations destroyed large sections of the city in 1208, 1229, 1237, and 1275. The 1237 fire alone destroyed 30,000 dwellings. However, the worst was the 1208 fire which burned for 4 days in a 3-mile diameter and burnt 58,097 houses as well as killing 59 people. To combat this threat, the city constructed storage buildings that were rented out to merchants where watchmen patrolled by night and was enclosed by water on all sides.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides this, the government established an elaborate system for fighting fires, erected watchtowers, devised a system of lantern and flag signals to identify the source of the flames and direct the response, and charged more than 3,000 soldiers with the task of putting out fire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yuan_dynasty">Yuan dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yuan dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou was besieged and captured by the advancing <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> armies of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> in 1276, three years before the final collapse of the Southern Song.<sup id="cite_ref-gernet_15_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernet_15-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Buckley_Ebrey" title="Patricia Buckley Ebrey">Patricia Buckley Ebrey</a> noted that the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> killed the Jurchen Wanyan royal family by the hundreds in the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Mongol siege of Kaifeng</a>, while sparing the city of Hangzhou including the Chinese Zhao royal family of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Southern Song</a>. The Mongols rehired Southern Song government officials and had Han Chinese artisans in <a href="/wiki/Shangdu" title="Shangdu">Shangdu</a> marry the palace women.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital of the new <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> was established in the city of <a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>), but Hangzhou remained an important commercial and administrative center for their southern territory. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_pic_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leifeng Pagoda"><img alt="Leifeng Pagoda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hangzhou_pic_10.jpg/250px-Hangzhou_pic_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hangzhou_pic_10.jpg/330px-Hangzhou_pic_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leifeng_Pagoda_in_the_Southern_Song_Dynasty_by_Li_Song.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi Hu Landscape by Li Song (1190–1264), showing the Leifeng Pagoda in the Southern Song Dynasty"><img alt="Xi Hu Landscape by Li Song (1190–1264), showing the Leifeng Pagoda in the Southern Song Dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Leifeng_Pagoda_in_the_Southern_Song_Dynasty_by_Li_Song.jpg/250px-Leifeng_Pagoda_in_the_Southern_Song_Dynasty_by_Li_Song.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Leifeng_Pagoda_in_the_Southern_Song_Dynasty_by_Li_Song.jpg/330px-Leifeng_Pagoda_in_the_Southern_Song_Dynasty_by_Li_Song.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Leifeng_Pagoda_in_the_Southern_Song_Dynasty_by_Li_Song.jpg/500px-Leifeng_Pagoda_in_the_Southern_Song_Dynasty_by_Li_Song.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1899" data-file-height="1244" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Xi Hu Landscape</i> by <a href="/wiki/Li_Song_(painter)" title="Li Song (painter)">Li Song (1190–1264)</a>, showing the Leifeng Pagoda in the Southern Song Dynasty</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title=""Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn", one of the Ten Scenes of the Xi Hu"><img alt=""Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn", one of the Ten Scenes of the Xi Hu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/200px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/300px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/400px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn", one of the <a href="/wiki/West_Lake#Ten_Scenes_of_West_Lake" title="West Lake">Ten Scenes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">Xi Hu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dreaming of the Tiger Spring, the burial place of monk Jigong"><img alt="Dreaming of the Tiger Spring, the burial place of monk Jigong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hupao.jpg/200px-Hupao.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hupao.jpg/300px-Hupao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hupao.jpg/400px-Hupao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dreaming_of_the_Tiger_Spring" title="Dreaming of the Tiger Spring">Dreaming of the Tiger Spring</a>, the burial place of monk <a href="/wiki/Jigong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigong">Jigong</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_descriptions">Foreign descriptions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign descriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yuan China was very open to foreign visitors, and several returned west describing Hangzhou—under the names <b>Khinzai</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Campsay</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—as one of the foremost cities in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> merchant <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> supposedly visited Hangzhou in the late 13th century. In <a href="/wiki/The_Travels_of_Marco_Polo" title="The Travels of Marco Polo">his book</a>, he records that the city was "greater than any in the world"<sup id="cite_ref-mote_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mote-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that "the number and wealth of the merchants, and the amount of goods that passed through their hands, was so enormous that no man could form a just estimate thereof". Polo's account greatly exaggerates the city's size, although it has been argued that the "hundred miles" of walls would be plausible if <a href="/wiki/Li_(unit)" title="Li (unit)">Chinese miles</a> were intended instead of <a href="/wiki/Italian_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian mile">Italian ones</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the "12,000 stone bridges" might have been a copyist error born from the city's 12 gates.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> traveler <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> arrived; his later account concurred that <b>al-Khansā</b> was "the biggest city I have ever seen on the face of the earth."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ibn_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibn-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He visited Hangzhou in 1345 and noted its charm and described how the city <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">sat on a beautiful lake</a> and was surrounded by gentle green hills.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was particularly impressed by the large number of well-crafted and well-painted Chinese wooden ships with colored sails and silk awnings in the canals. He attended a banquet held by Qurtai, the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> Mongol administrator of the city, who according to Ibn Battuta, was fond of the skills of local Chinese <a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">conjurers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_(15730606661).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg/800px-Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg/1200px-Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg/1600px-Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5309" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_CBD_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hangzhou_CBD_%28Cropped%29.jpg/250px-Hangzhou_CBD_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hangzhou_CBD_%28Cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hangzhou_CBD_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hangzhou_CBD_%28Cropped%29.jpg/500px-Hangzhou_CBD_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>Hangzhou CBD</figcaption></figure> <p>The city remained an important port until the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> era, when its harbor slowly <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silted</a> up. Under the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a>, it was the site of an <a href="/wiki/Qing_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Army">imperial army</a> garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1856 and 1860, the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taiping Heavenly Kingdom</a> occupied Hangzhou. The city was heavily damaged during its conquest, occupation, and eventual reconquest by the Qing army. </p><p>Hangzhou was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> government under the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> from 1927 to 1937. From 1937 to 1945, the city was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japan</a>. The Kuomintang returned in 1945, and governed until 1949. On May 3, 1949, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> entered Hangzhou and the city came under <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) control. After <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>'s reformist policies began in the end of 1978, Hangzhou took advantage of being situated in the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a> to bolster its development. It is now one of China's most prosperous major cities. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, Hangzhou was stage to a series of labor unrest and factional fighting known as the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_incident_(1975)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangzhou incident (1975)">Hangzhou incident</a>. </p><p>Hangzhou was the third city in China to host the <a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">Asian Games</a> after <a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">Beijing 1990</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">Guangzhou 2010</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also hosted the <a href="/wiki/2016_G20_Hangzhou_summit" title="2016 G20 Hangzhou summit">eleventh G20 summit</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, the city was under curfew measures due to the <a href="/wiki/2019-20_coronavirus_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2019-20 coronavirus outbreak">outbreak of coronavirus beginning in Wuhan</a> that <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_coronavirus_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak">spread across China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastchina_and_Eastchina_Sea_tmo_2017313_geo.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Eastchina_and_Eastchina_Sea_tmo_2017313_geo.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Eastchina_and_Eastchina_Sea_tmo_2017313_geo.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Eastchina_and_Eastchina_Sea_tmo_2017313_geo.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Eastchina_and_Eastchina_Sea_tmo_2017313_geo.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Eastchina_and_Eastchina_Sea_tmo_2017313_geo.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Eastchina_and_Eastchina_Sea_tmo_2017313_geo.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A satellite image of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>'s natural <a href="/wiki/Sediment_transport" title="Sediment transport">sediment discharge</a> can be seen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hangzhou is located in northwestern Zhejiang province, at the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a>, which runs to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, in the south-central portion of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a>. Its administrative area (sub-provincial city) extends west to the mountainous parts of <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> province, and east to the coastal plain near <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Bay" title="Hangzhou Bay">Hangzhou Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86">: 86 </span></sup> The city center is built around the eastern and northern sides of the West Lake, just north of the <a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86">: 86 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang River</a> is the largest river in Zhejiang Province, China. Every year during August 15 to August 18 of the lunar month in China, the Qiantang Tide occurs. It is called "the Biggest Tide in the World". The world's largest <a href="/wiki/Tidal_bore" title="Tidal bore">tidal bore</a> races up the Qiantang River through Hangzhou reaching up to 12 m (39 ft) in height. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hills_in_Hangzhou" title="List of hills in Hangzhou">List of hills in Hangzhou</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Hangzhou </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5028em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">75</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.24em;height:1.374em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.614em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.74em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.8162em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">91</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.538em;height:1.424em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.962em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.038em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.6064em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">130</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.284em;height:1.574em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.858em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.784em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">6</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.502em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">125</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.408em;height:1.746em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.154em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.908em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.0584em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">153</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.42em;height:1.694em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.114em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.92em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.4536em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">223</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.26em;height:1.504em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.764em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.76em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.0694em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">153</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.03em;height:1.668em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.698em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.53em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.0792em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">154</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.954em;height:1.596em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.55em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.454em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.994em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">150</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.122em;height:1.458em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.58em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.622em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5732em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">79</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.942em;height:1.626em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.568em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.442em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.308em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">65</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.786em;height:1.638em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.424em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.286em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.0524em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">53</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.664em;height:1.55em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.214em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.164em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/global-summary-of-the-month/">The National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)</a></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5028em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.24em;height:1.374em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.614em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.74em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.8162em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.538em;height:1.424em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.962em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">50</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.038em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.6064em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.284em;height:1.574em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.858em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">58</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.784em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">44</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.502em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.408em;height:1.746em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.154em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">69</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.908em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.0584em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.42em;height:1.694em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.114em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">78</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.92em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.4536em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">8.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.26em;height:1.504em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.764em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">84</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.76em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.0694em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.03em;height:1.668em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.698em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">92</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.53em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.0792em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.954em;height:1.596em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.55em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">91</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.454em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.994em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.122em;height:1.458em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.58em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">82</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.622em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">69</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5732em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.942em;height:1.626em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.568em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.442em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">58</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.308em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.786em;height:1.638em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.424em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.286em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.0524em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.664em;height:1.55em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.214em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.164em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">38</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hangzhou's climate is <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfa</i>) with four distinct seasons, characterised by long, very hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters, albeit with occasional snow. The mean annual temperature is 17.0 °C (62.6 °F), with monthly daily averages ranging from 5 °C (41.0 °F) in January to 29.3 °C (84.7 °F) in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of 1,438 mm (56.6 in) and is affected by the <a href="/wiki/Meiyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiyu">plum rains</a> of the Asian monsoon in June. In late summer (August to September), Hangzhou suffers <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoon</a> storms, but typhoons seldom strike it directly. Generally they make landfall along the southern coast of Zhejiang, and affect the area with strong winds and stormy rains.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −9.6 °C (15 °F) on 6 February 1969 up to 41.9 °C (107 °F) on 3 August 2024;<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unofficial readings have reached −10.5 °C (13 °F), set on 29 December 1912 and 24 January 1916, up to 42.1 °C (108 °F), set on 10 August 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 30% in March to 51% in August, the city receives 1,709.4 hours of sunshine annually. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Hangzhou, elevation 42 m (138 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7<br />(103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td> <td style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.9<br />(107.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.9<br />(107.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.6<br />(23.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(14.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(14.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.3<br />(3.67) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br />(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.7<br />(5.34) </td> <td style="background: #4BFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.8<br />(4.60) </td> <td style="background: #42FF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.8<br />(4.99) </td> <td style="background: #007000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">258.2<br />(10.17) </td> <td style="background: #05FF05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.5<br />(6.59) </td> <td style="background: #00F600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.8<br />(6.96) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.3<br />(4.46) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.2<br />(2.96) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.2<br />(2.53) </td> <td style="background: #42FF42; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,491.8<br />(58.73) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">147 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">74 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #ABABA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.6 </td> <td style="background: #B0B083; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.7 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.4 </td> <td style="background: #C3C30F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144.7 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.9 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.6 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.9 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.6 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.9 </td> <td style="background: #B2B274; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.6 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,642.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Administration<sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_old_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA_old-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,845,055</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,662,054</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+98.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,849,537</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+59.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,236,032</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+57.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">sources: (census dates, urban area <i>qu</i> 区)<sup id="cite_ref-2008population_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008population-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261442011" /><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,878,722</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,700,373</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,936,010</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,376,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,522,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">sources: (census dates, administrative division)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>and (yearend est.) <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre>2023年杭州市人口主要数据公报: (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2024/3/4/art_1229063404_4243341.html">website</a> only visible inside China) </pre> 2023年末全市常住人口中，男性为652.1万人，占总人口的52.1%；女性为600.1万人，占总人口的47.9%。性别比（以女性为100，男性对女性的比例）为108.7。</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of 2023, Hangzhou had a permanent population of 12.522 million (including Xiaoshan and Yuhang), of which 10.543 million (84.2%) lived in urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The encompassing <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> was estimated by the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) to have, as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a population of 13.4 million,<sup id="cite_ref-oecd2015_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd2015-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although other sources put the figure at over 21 million. The Hangzhou metropolitan area includes the major cities of <a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ssdph.com.cn_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssdph.com.cn-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hangzhou has a <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> of 83.18 years for the city's registered population as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, one of the highest in China.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hangzhou" title="Special:EditPage/Hangzhou">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> In 1848, during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, Hangzhou was described as the "stronghold" of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam in China</a>, the city containing several mosques with Arabic inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Hui from <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a> also told an Englishman that Hangzhou was the "stronghold" of Islam in Zhejiang province, containing multiple mosques, compared to his small congregation of around 30 families in Ningbo for his mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the city of Hangzhou are two notable mosques: <a href="/wiki/New_Hangzhou_Great_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hangzhou Great Mosque">New Hangzhou Great Mosque</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Mosque" title="Phoenix Mosque">Phoenix Mosque</a>. As late as the latter part of the 16th and early 17th centuries, the city was an important center of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Chinese Jewry</a>, and may have been the original home of the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jewish community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was formerly a Jewish synagogue in Ningbo, as well as one in Hangzhou, but no traces of them are now discoverable, and the only Jews known to exist in China were in Kaifeng.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Pillars_of_Chinese_Catholicism" title="Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism">Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism</a> were from Hangzhou. The <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Cathedral_of_Hangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Hangzhou">Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Hangzhou</a> is one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> churches in China, dating back 400 years to the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. There was <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">persecution of Christians</a> in the early 21st century in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chenghuangmiao_(City_God_Pavilion),_Hangzhou(2568).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chenghuangmiao_%28City_God_Pavilion%29%2C_Hangzhou%282568%29.jpg/220px-Chenghuangmiao_%28City_God_Pavilion%29%2C_Hangzhou%282568%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chenghuangmiao_%28City_God_Pavilion%29%2C_Hangzhou%282568%29.jpg/330px-Chenghuangmiao_%28City_God_Pavilion%29%2C_Hangzhou%282568%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chenghuangmiao_%28City_God_Pavilion%29%2C_Hangzhou%282568%29.jpg/440px-Chenghuangmiao_%28City_God_Pavilion%29%2C_Hangzhou%282568%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><i>Chenghuangmiao</i> located on Wushan, Hangzhou</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many temples near the West Lake. <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a> was founded in the first year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 326). It has a history of about 1,700 years and is the earliest famous temple in Hangzhou. <a href="/wiki/Yuefei_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuefei Temple">Yuefei Temple</a>, a temple constructed during the <a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song Dynasty</a> in 1221 to commemorate <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a>, is located near the <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a> (Soul's Retreat), located about 2 km (1.2 mi) west of West Lake, is believed to be the oldest <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Buddhist temple</a> in the city, which has gone through numerous destruction and reconstruction cycles. <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei_Temple" title="Yue Fei Temple">Yue Fei Temple</a>, on the northwest shore of West Lake, was originally constructed in 1221 in memory of General <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a>, who died due to political persecution. There is also the <a href="/wiki/Jingci_Temple" title="Jingci Temple">Jingci Temple</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baochu_Pagoda" title="Baochu Pagoda">Baochu Pagoda</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang River</a> is the largest river in Zhejiang Province, China. Every year during August 15 to August 18 of the lunar month in China, the Qiantang Tide occurs. It is called "the Biggest Tide in the World". The world's largest <a href="/wiki/Tidal_bore" title="Tidal bore">tidal bore</a> races up the Qiantang River through Hangzhou reaching up to 12 m (39 ft) in height.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other religious sites in Hangzhou include the <a href="/wiki/Liuhe_Pagoda" title="Liuhe Pagoda">Liuhe Pagoda</a>, located on Yuelun Hill on the north bank of Qiantang River and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupao_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hupao Temple (page does not exist)">Hupao Temple</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">虎跑寺</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/40px-Danghui.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/60px-Danghui.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/40px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/60px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/40px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/60px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_(CPPCC)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg/40px-Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg/60px-Charter_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_%28CPPCC%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Title </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Party_Committee_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Party Committee Secretary">Party Committee Secretary</a></b> </td> <td><b>HMPC Chairperson</b> </td> <td><b>Mayor</b> </td> <td><b>Hangzhou <a href="/wiki/CPPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="CPPCC">CPPCC</a> Chairman</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Name </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jie_(born_1970)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Jie (born 1970)">Liu Jie</a> </td> <td>Liu Huolin </td> <td>Yao Gaoyuan </td> <td>Ma Weiguang </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_home_(Chinese)" title="Ancestral home (Chinese)">Ancestral home</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a>, Zhejiang </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a>, Zhejiang </td></tr> <tr> <th>Born </th> <td>January 1970 (age 55) </td> <td>November 1961 (age 63) </td> <td>August 1968 (age 56) </td> <td>October 1962 (age 62) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Assumed office </th> <td>December 2021 </td> <td>February 2021 </td> <td>November 2022 </td> <td>January 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2019, Hangzhou established a pilot program artificial intelligence-based Internet Court to adjudicate disputes related to ecommerce and internet-related <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">intellectual property</a> claims.<sup id="cite_ref-:9222_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9222-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 124">: 124 </span></sup> Parties appear before the court via videoconference and AI evaluates the evidence presented and applies relevant legal standards.<sup id="cite_ref-:9222_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9222-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 124">: 124 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and forms the core of the Hangzhou metropolitan area,<sup id="cite_ref-ssdph.com.cn_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssdph.com.cn-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the fourth-largest in China.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the capital and most populous city of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang Province</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86">: 86 </span></sup> Hangzhou comprises 10 <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" title="District (China)">districts</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a>, and 2 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">counties</a>. The ten urban districts occupy 8,292.31 km<sup>2</sup> (3,201.68 sq mi) and have a population of 8,241,000, in which there are six central urban districts and four suburban districts. The central urban districts occupy 706.27 km<sup>2</sup> (272.69 sq mi) and have a population of 3,780,000 and the suburban districts occupy 7,586.04 km<sup>2</sup> (2,928.99 sq mi) and have a population of 4,461,000. The <a href="/wiki/Management_Committee_of_West_Lake_and_Xixi" title="Management Committee of West Lake and Xixi">West Lake Scenic Area</a> holds the country-level administrative power, though not formally a county or district.<sup id="cite_ref-info_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 90s, the urban districts of Hangzhou only comprised Shangcheng, Xiacheng, Gongshu, Jianggan. On December 11, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Binjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjiang District">Binjiang District</a> was established. On March 12, 2001, Xiaoshan and Yuhang, formerly two <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level cities</a> under the administration of Hangzhou <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a>, were re-organized as two districts. On December 13, 2014, and in July 2017, Fuyang and Lin'an, formerly two <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level cities</a> under the administration of Hangzhou <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a>, were re-organized as two districts. On April 9, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Linping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linping District">Linping District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qiantang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiantang District">Qiantang District</a> was established.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 800px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Administrative_Division_Hangzhou.png/800px-Administrative_Division_Hangzhou.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="527" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Administrative_Division_Hangzhou.png/1200px-Administrative_Division_Hangzhou.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Administrative_Division_Hangzhou.png/1600px-Administrative_Division_Hangzhou.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1780" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:172.125px; top:376.375px"><i><a href="/wiki/Qiandao_Lake" title="Qiandao Lake">Qiandao Lake</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:590.875px; top:104.5px"><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangcheng District"><b>Shangcheng</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:562.75px; top:88.875px"><a href="/wiki/Gongshu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongshu District"><b>Gongshu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:586.1875px; top:142px"><a href="/wiki/Binjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjiang District"><b>Binjiang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:556.5px; top:132.625px"><a href="/wiki/Xihu_District,_Hangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xihu District, Hangzhou"><b>Xihu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:644px; top:135.75px"><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiaoshan District"><b>Xiaoshan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:497.125px; top:76.375px"><a href="/wiki/Yuhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhang District"><b>Yuhang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:469px; top:213.875px"><a href="/wiki/Fuyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuyang District"><b>Fuyang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:322.125px; top:129.5px"><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District"><b>Lin'an</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:678.375px; top:92px"><a href="/wiki/Qiantang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiantang District"><b>Qiantang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:600.25px; top:42px"><a href="/wiki/Linping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linping District"><b>Linping</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:390.875px; top:273.25px"><a href="/wiki/Tonglu_County" title="Tonglu County"><b>Tonglu<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:162.75px; top:310.75px"><a href="/wiki/Chun%27an_County" title="Chun'an County"><b>Chun'an<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:325.25px; top:392px"><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande"><b>Jiande<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(city)</span></b></a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Subdivision </th> <th align="left">Chinese </th> <th align="left">Pinyin </th> <th align="left">Population <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span> </th> <th align="left">Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(km<sup>2</sup>)</span> </th> <th align="left">Density </th></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b>Central Urban Districts</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangcheng District">Shangcheng District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">上城区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shàngchéng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">1,323,467 </td> <td align="right">119.68 </td> <td align="right">13,238.68 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gongshu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongshu District">Gongshu District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">拱墅区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gǒngshù Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">1,120,985 </td> <td align="right">98.58 </td> <td align="right">8,288.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Xihu_District,_Hangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xihu District, Hangzhou">Xihu District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西湖区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīhú Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">1,112,992 </td> <td align="right">309.41 </td> <td align="right">2,876.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Binjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjiang District">Binjiang District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">滨江区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Bīnjiāng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">503,859 </td> <td align="right">72.22 </td> <td align="right">5,427.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Management_Committee_of_West_Lake_and_Xixi" title="Management Committee of West Lake and Xixi">West Lake Scenic Area</a>) </td> <td>(西湖风景名胜区) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīhú Fēngjǐng Míngshèng Qū</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b>Suburban Districts</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiaoshan District">Xiaoshan District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">萧山区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xiāoshān Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">2,011,659 </td> <td align="right">1000.64 </td> <td align="right">1,212.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Yuhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhang District">Yuhang District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">余杭区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yúháng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">1,226,673 </td> <td align="right">942.38 </td> <td align="right">1,304.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Linping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linping District">Linping District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">临平区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Línpíng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">1,175,841 </td> <td align="right">286.03 </td> <td align="right">17,933.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Qiantang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiantang District">Qiantang District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">钱塘区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Qiántáng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">769,150 </td> <td align="right">523.57 </td> <td align="right">5,930.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fuyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuyang District">Fuyang District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">富阳区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Fùyáng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">832,017 </td> <td align="right">1,821.03 </td> <td align="right">407.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">临安区</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lín'ān Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">634,555 </td> <td align="right">3,118.77 </td> <td align="right">190.14 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b>Counties</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tonglu_County" title="Tonglu County">Tonglu County</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">桐庐县</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tónglú Xiàn</i></span> </td> <td align="right">453,106 </td> <td align="right">1,829.59 </td> <td align="right">236.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chun%27an_County" title="Chun'an County">Chun'an County</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">淳安县</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Chún'ān Xiàn</i></span> </td> <td align="right">328,957 </td> <td align="right">4,417.48 </td> <td align="right">81.04 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b>County-level City</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande City</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">建德市</span></span> </td> <td align="right"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jiàndé Shì</i></span> </td> <td align="right">442,709 </td> <td align="right">2,314.19 </td> <td align="right">192.72 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qianjiang_guoji_shidai_plaza_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Qianjiang_guoji_shidai_plaza_09.jpg/250px-Qianjiang_guoji_shidai_plaza_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Qianjiang_guoji_shidai_plaza_09.jpg/330px-Qianjiang_guoji_shidai_plaza_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Qianjiang_guoji_shidai_plaza_09.jpg/500px-Qianjiang_guoji_shidai_plaza_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Zhejiang Stock Exchange in the <a href="/wiki/Qianjiang_Century_City" title="Qianjiang Century City">Qianjiang Central Business District</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alibaba_Center_in_Binjiang_Hangzhou2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alibaba_Center_in_Binjiang_Hangzhou2021.jpg/220px-Alibaba_Center_in_Binjiang_Hangzhou2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alibaba_Center_in_Binjiang_Hangzhou2021.jpg/330px-Alibaba_Center_in_Binjiang_Hangzhou2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alibaba_Center_in_Binjiang_Hangzhou2021.jpg/440px-Alibaba_Center_in_Binjiang_Hangzhou2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4274" data-file-height="2849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a> Headquarters</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Area km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">Population (2020)</a> </th> <th>GDP (CN¥)<sup id="cite_ref-2022GDP_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022GDP-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>GDP (US$) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hangzhou</td> <td>16,821</td> <td>11,936,010</td> <td>CN¥ 1,875.3 billion</td> <td>US$345.593 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></td> <td>8,279</td> <td>5,270,977</td> <td>CN¥ 735.1 billion</td> <td>US$109.309 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></td> <td>4,009</td> <td>5,400,868</td> <td>CN¥ 673.9 billion</td> <td>US$100.209 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></td> <td>5,818</td> <td>3,367,579</td> <td>CN¥ 385.0 billion</td> <td>US$57.250 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></td> <td>8,846</td> <td>2,276,184</td> <td>CN¥ 200.3 billion</td> <td>US$29.785 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></td> <td>9,807</td> <td>1,470,000</td> <td>CN¥ 100.2 billion</td> <td>US$14.900 billion </td></tr> <tr style="background:#feb;"> <td><b>Hangzhou metropolitan area</b></td> <td><b>53,582</b></td> <td><b>29,721,618</b></td> <td><b>CN¥ 3.970 trillion</b></td> <td><b> US$590.339 billion</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Hangzhou's economy has rapidly developed since its opening up in 1992. It is an industrial city with many diverse sectors such as light industry, agriculture, and textiles. It is considered an important manufacturing base and logistics hub for coastal China.<sup id="cite_ref-hzindus.gov.cn_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hzindus.gov.cn-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the city is an <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> and technology hub.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2001 GDP of Hangzhou was <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> 156.8 billion, which ranked second among all of the provincial capitals after Guangzhou. The city has more than tripled its GDP since then, increasing from RMB 156.8 billion in 2001 to RMB 1.3509 trillion in 2018 and GDP per capita increasing from US$3,020 to $21,184.<sup id="cite_ref-hzindus.gov.cn_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hzindus.gov.cn-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, the Hangzhou metropolitan area was estimated to produce a <a href="/wiki/Gross_metropolitan_product" title="Gross metropolitan product">gross metropolitan product</a> (<a href="/wiki/GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP (nominal)">nominal</a>) of 3.2 trillion yuan ($486.53 billion),<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">making it larger than the economies</a> of Argentina, with a GDP of $452 billion (the 26th biggest in the World) and Nigeria with a GDP of $448 billion (the largest in Africa).<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study conducted by <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PwC</a> and China Development Research Foundation saw Hangzhou ranked first among "Chinese Cities of Opportunity".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hangzhou is also considered a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">World City</a> with a "Beta+" classification according to <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">GaWC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hangzhou ranked 89 in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a> in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also ranked first in the China Emerging City Rankings of the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>, which assesses Chinese cities growth potential, in both 2021 and 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hangzhou ranks 11th in the world and 6th in China (after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>) in terms of the number of billionaires according to the Hurun Global Rich List 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of August 2023, Hangzhou has the tenth-most <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> headquarters of any city in the world and the fourth-most in China – after Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen – within its city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hangzhou has a <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">smart city</a> initiative and undertakes efforts to digitize the economy and build a cashless city.<sup id="cite_ref-:Liu_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Liu-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 122–123">: 122–123 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industries">Industries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou is the headquarters of several technology companies including <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetEase" title="NetEase">NetEase</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:04_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 90">: 90 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ant_Group" title="Ant Group">Ant Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hikvision" title="Hikvision">HikVision</a>. As a result of its internet industry, many programmers from other cities such as Shanghai or Beijing have come to Hangzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has developed many new industries, including medicine, information technology, heavy equipment, automotive components, household electrical appliances, electronics, telecommunication, fine chemicals, chemical fibre and food processing.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city describes its important industries as "1 + 6" industrial clusters, with the "1" referring to the digital economy and the "6" referring to cultural/creative economy, finance, tourism, fashion manufacturing, and high-end equipment manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 91">: 91 </span></sup> As of at least 2023, Hangzhou's economic growth has been led by the digital sector and the creative/cultural sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 91">: 91 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2013, the Hangzhou Tourism Commission started an online campaign via Facebook, the 'Modern Marco Polo' campaign. Over the next year nearly 26,000 participants applied from around the globe, in the hopes of becoming Hangzhou's first foreign tourism ambassador. In a press conference in Hangzhou on 20 May 2014, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Bates" title="Liam Bates">Liam Bates</a> was announced as the successful winner and won a $55,000 contract, being the first foreigner ever to be appointed by China's government in such an official role.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_zones">Development zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Development zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was established and approved as a national development zone by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a> in 1993. It covers an area of 104.7 km<sup>2</sup> (40.4 sq mi). Encouraged industries include electronic information, biological medicine, machinery and household appliances manufacturing, and food processing.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hangzhou Export Processing Zone was established on April 27, 2000, upon approval of the State Council. It was one of the first zones and the only one in Zhejiang Province to be approved by the government. Its total planned area is 2.92 km<sup>2</sup> (1.13 sq mi). It is located close to <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Xiaoshan_International_Airport" title="Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport">Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport</a> and Hangzhou Port.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was set up with approval from the State Council as a state-level high-tech Industrial Development Zone in March 1991. The HHTZ is composed of three parts, with the main regions being the Zhijiang Sci-Tech Industrial Park and Xiasha Sci-Tech Industrial Park. HHTZ has become one of the most influential high-tech innovation and high-tech industry bases in Zhejiang Province. As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, HHTZ hosts more than 1,100 software developers and <a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing" title="Business process outsourcing">BPO</a> enterprises. Major companies such as <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> have established R&D centers in the zone. In 2011, the GDP of the zone rose by 13.1 percent, amounting to RMB 41.63 billion. This accounted for 5.9 percent of Hangzhou's total GDP. The HHTZ positions itself as the "Silicon Valley" of China. The Alibaba Group is headquartered in the zone.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_coastline_of_Hangzhou%27s_West_Lake_during_sunset._December_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_coastline_of_Hangzhou%27s_West_Lake_during_sunset._December_2023.jpg/220px-The_coastline_of_Hangzhou%27s_West_Lake_during_sunset._December_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_coastline_of_Hangzhou%27s_West_Lake_during_sunset._December_2023.jpg/330px-The_coastline_of_Hangzhou%27s_West_Lake_during_sunset._December_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_coastline_of_Hangzhou%27s_West_Lake_during_sunset._December_2023.jpg/440px-The_coastline_of_Hangzhou%27s_West_Lake_during_sunset._December_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3302" /></a><figcaption>The coastline of Hangzhou's West Lake during sunset. December 2023.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_sunset_and_its_lakeside_district._December_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_sunset_and_its_lakeside_district._December_2023.jpg/220px-Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_sunset_and_its_lakeside_district._December_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_sunset_and_its_lakeside_district._December_2023.jpg/330px-Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_sunset_and_its_lakeside_district._December_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_sunset_and_its_lakeside_district._December_2023.jpg/440px-Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_sunset_and_its_lakeside_district._December_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3318" /></a><figcaption>Aerial panorama of West Lake sunset and its lakeside district. December 2023.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_and_its_surrounding_mountains._December_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_and_its_surrounding_mountains._December_2023.jpg/220px-Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_and_its_surrounding_mountains._December_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_and_its_surrounding_mountains._December_2023.jpg/330px-Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_and_its_surrounding_mountains._December_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_and_its_surrounding_mountains._December_2023.jpg/440px-Aerial_panorama_of_West_Lake_and_its_surrounding_mountains._December_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3314" /></a><figcaption>Aerial panorama of West Lake and its surrounding mountains. December 2023.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit">converting this article</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hangzhou" title="Special:EditPage/Hangzhou">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hangzhou%22">"Hangzhou"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hangzhou%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hangzhou%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hangzhou%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hangzhou%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hangzhou%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg/220px-Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg/330px-Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg/440px-Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Lake_at_night_in_Hangzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/West_Lake_at_night_in_Hangzhou.jpg/220px-West_Lake_at_night_in_Hangzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/West_Lake_at_night_in_Hangzhou.jpg/330px-West_Lake_at_night_in_Hangzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/West_Lake_at_night_in_Hangzhou.jpg/440px-West_Lake_at_night_in_Hangzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a> at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Residence_of_Hu_Xueyan_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Former_Residence_of_Hu_Xueyan_3.jpg/220px-Former_Residence_of_Hu_Xueyan_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Former_Residence_of_Hu_Xueyan_3.jpg/330px-Former_Residence_of_Hu_Xueyan_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Former_Residence_of_Hu_Xueyan_3.jpg/440px-Former_Residence_of_Hu_Xueyan_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hu_Xueyan" title="Hu Xueyan">Hu Xueyan</a> Residence, a historic mansion in Hangzhou</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Hangzhou has been through many recent urban developments, it still retains its historical and cultural heritage and natural environment. Today, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">tourism</a> remains an important factor for Hangzhou's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Hangzhou_Today:_Tourism_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hangzhou_Today:_Tourism-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hangzhou has <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Hangzhou" title="List of tallest buildings in Hangzhou">numerous skyscrapers</a>, making it the 19th <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_the_most_skyscrapers" title="List of cities with the most skyscrapers">city in the world with the most skyscrapers</a> as well as the 9th in China.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_resorts">Parks and resorts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Parks and resorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Hangzhou's most popular sights is <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. The West Lake Cultural Landscape covers an area of 3,323 ha (8,210 acres) and includes some of Hangzhou's most notable historic and scenic places. Adjacent to the lake is an area which includes historical pagodas, cultural sites, as well as the natural environment of the lake and hills, including <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Mountain_(Zhejiang)" title="Phoenix Mountain (Zhejiang)">Phoenix Mountain</a>. There are two <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeways</a> across the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-Hangzhou_Today:_Tourism_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hangzhou_Today:_Tourism-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The west of the lake contains <a href="/wiki/Dreaming_of_the_Tiger_Spring" title="Dreaming of the Tiger Spring">Dreaming of the Tiger Spring</a>, popular for <a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">longjing tea</a> fields.<sup id="cite_ref-the_tea_fields_of_Longjing_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_tea_fields_of_Longjing-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The parts of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> in Hangzhou, also a World Heritage Site was built in 610 AD. The core historical sites are accessible by Hangzhou Metro <a href="/wiki/Line_5_(Hangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 5 (Hangzhou Metro)">Line 5</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Canal_station" title="The Grand Canal station">The Grand Canal station</a> or <a href="/wiki/East_Gongchen_Bridge_station" title="East Gongchen Bridge station">East Gongchen Bridge station</a>. The <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Cultural_Square" title="West Lake Cultural Square">West Lake Cultural Square</a> is located in the <a href="/wiki/Xiacheng_District" title="Xiacheng District">Xiacheng District</a> and houses several famous buildings in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Natural_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhejiang Natural History Museum">Zhejiang Natural History Museum</a>, Zhejiang Museum of Science and Technology, and the Zhejiang Global Center, one of the tallest buildings in the city center at about 160 m (520 ft). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Xixi_National_Wetland_Park" title="Xixi National Wetland Park">Xixi National Wetland Park</a> was established with the aim of preserving the wetland ecological system, it covers an area of about 10 km<sup>2</sup> (4 sq mi). Fish ponds and reed beds have been restored and it is home to many types of birds. It holds a temple and several historic rural houses. The <a href="/wiki/Qiandao_Lake" title="Qiandao Lake">Qiandao Lake</a> is a man-made lake with the largest number of islands in <a href="/wiki/Chun%27an_County" title="Chun'an County">Chun'an County</a>, under administration of the Hangzhou <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a>. These islands are different in size and shape, and have distinctive scene. The <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Botanical_Garden" title="Hangzhou Botanical Garden">Hangzhou Botanical Garden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Zoo" title="Hangzhou Zoo">Hangzhou Zoo</a> are located in the <a href="/wiki/Xihu,_Hangzhou" title="Xihu, Hangzhou">Xihu District</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hangzhou" title="Special:EditPage/Hangzhou">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hangzhou%22">"Hangzhou"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hangzhou%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hangzhou%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hangzhou%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hangzhou%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hangzhou%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relics_Unearthed_from_Leifeng_Pagoda_Site_03_2017-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Relics_Unearthed_from_Leifeng_Pagoda_Site_03_2017-12.jpg/170px-Relics_Unearthed_from_Leifeng_Pagoda_Site_03_2017-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Relics_Unearthed_from_Leifeng_Pagoda_Site_03_2017-12.jpg/255px-Relics_Unearthed_from_Leifeng_Pagoda_Site_03_2017-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Relics_Unearthed_from_Leifeng_Pagoda_Site_03_2017-12.jpg/340px-Relics_Unearthed_from_Leifeng_Pagoda_Site_03_2017-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Gilt silver <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dky%C5%8Dint%C5%8D" title="Hōkyōintō">Hōkyōintō</a> unearthed from <a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a> Site, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Provincial_Museum" title="Zhejiang Provincial Museum">Zhejiang Provincial Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The native residents of Hangzhou, including those of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, speak the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou dialect</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> dialect unique to the area. Hangzhou's dialect differs from those of regions in southern Zhejiang and southern <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>. As the official language defined by China's central government, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> is the dominant spoken language, though it is mutually unintelligible with the Hangzhou dialect. The Hangzhou dialect has an estimated total of 1.2 to 1.5 million speakers. </p><p>There are several museums located in Hangzhou including <a href="/wiki/China_National_Silk_Museum" title="China National Silk Museum">China National Silk Museum</a>, the largest silk museum in the world, <a href="/wiki/China_National_Tea_Museum" title="China National Tea Museum">China National Tea Museum</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中国茶叶博物馆</span></span>), and <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Provincial_Museum" title="Zhejiang Provincial Museum">Zhejiang Provincial Museum</a>, which has a collection of integrated human studies, exhibition and research with over 100,000 collected cultural relics. </p><p>Many theaters in Hangzhou host opera shows such as <a href="/wiki/Yue_opera" title="Yue opera">Yue opera</a>. There are several big shows themed with the history and culture of Hangzhou like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605035555/http://www.hzyxxh.com/en/">Impression West Lake</a> and the Romance of Song Dynasty. The landscapes in Hangzhou bridges stories of celebrities in Chinese history and feelings of ordinary people visiting Hangzhou with joy and enthusiasm.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hangzhou is home to the <a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Art" title="China Academy of Art">China Academy of Art</a> and prominent painters such as <a href="/wiki/Lin_Fengmian" title="Lin Fengmian">Lin Fengmian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fang_Ganmin" title="Fang Ganmin">Fang Ganmin</a>. </p><p>The local government of Hangzhou heavily invests in promoting tourism and the arts, with emphasis placed upon <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> production, <a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">umbrellas</a>, and Chinese hand-held folding <a href="/wiki/Fan_(implement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan (implement)">fans</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Hu_Longjing_Tea_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Xi_Hu_Longjing_Tea_01.jpg/250px-Xi_Hu_Longjing_Tea_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Xi_Hu_Longjing_Tea_01.jpg/330px-Xi_Hu_Longjing_Tea_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Xi_Hu_Longjing_Tea_01.jpg/500px-Xi_Hu_Longjing_Tea_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3082" data-file-height="2311" /></a><figcaption>Xihu Longjing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">西湖龙井</span></span>), Longjing tea planted near the West Lake</figcaption></figure> <p>Hangzhou's local cuisine is often considered to be representative of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang provincial cuisine</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">China's eight fundamental cuisines</a>. The locally accepted consensus among Hangzhou's natives defines dishes prepared in this style to be "fresh, tender, soft, and smooth, with a mellow fragrance". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Generally, Hangzhou's cuisines tend to be sweeter rather than savoury. The local people enjoy a light diet incorporating river fishes from the Yangtze River. There are historical stories revolving around the origins of local dishes. </p><p>Dishes such as Pian Er Chuan Noodles (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">片儿川</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy" title="West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy">West Lake Vinegar Fish</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">西湖醋鱼</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Dongpo_Pork" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongpo Pork">Dongpo Pork</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">东坡肉</span></span>), Longjing Shrimp (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">龙井虾仁</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Beggar%27s_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Beggar's Chicken">Beggar's Chicken</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">叫化鸡</span></span>), Steamed Rice and Pork Wrapped by Lotus Leaves(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">荷叶粉蒸肉</span></span>), Braised Bamboo Shoots (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">油焖笋</span></span>), Lotus Root Pudding (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">藕粉</span></span>) and Sister Song's Fish Soup (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">宋嫂鱼羹</span></span>) are some of the better-known examples of Hangzhou's regional cuisine. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing tea</a> is the most famous green tea and rank first among top ten famous teas in China. Those planted by the <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a> is the best Longjing tea. Tea is an important part of Hangzhou's economy and culture. Hangzhou is best known for originating <a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing</a>, a notable variety of <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">green tea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proverbs">Proverbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Proverbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An ancient Chinese proverb about Hangzhou and Suzhou is: </p> <blockquote><p>There is Heaven above, and Suzhou and Hangzhou below. (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">上有天堂，下有苏杭</span></span>)</p></blockquote> <p>This phrase has a similar meaning to the English phrases "Heaven on Earth". <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> in his accounts described Suzhou as "the city of the earth" while Hangzhou is "the city of heaven".<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city presented itself as "Paradise on Earth" during the <a href="/wiki/2016_G20_Hangzhou_summit" title="2016 G20 Hangzhou summit">G20 summit</a> held in the city in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another saying about Hangzhou is: </p> <blockquote><p>Be born in <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, live in Hangzhou, eat in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, die in <a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a>. (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">生在苏州，活在杭州，吃在广州，死在柳州</span></span>)</p></blockquote> <p>The meaning here lies in the fact that Suzhou was renowned for its beautiful and highly civilized and educated citizens, Hangzhou for its scenery, Guangzhou for its food, and Liuzhou (of <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>) for its wooden coffins which supposedly halted the decay of the body (likely made from the <a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">camphor tree</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public">Public</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Public"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou has a bus network consisting of a fleet of diesel, hybrid and electric buses, as well as <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>. Hangzhou was once known for its extensive <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> network expanding from downtown to many suburban areas through dedicated bus lanes on some of the busiest streets in the city. However, as of mid-2021, all but one BRT routes and feeding routes had closed or been transformed to regular routes. Only route B1 is still in operation. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxis</a> are also popular in the city, with the newest line of <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Sonata" title="Hyundai Sonata">Hyundai Sonatas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Passat" title="Volkswagen Passat">Volkswagen Passats</a>, and tight regulations. In early 2011, 30 electric taxis were deployed in Hangzhou; 15 were <a href="/wiki/Zotye" class="mw-redirect" title="Zotye">Zotye</a> Langyues and the other 15 were <a href="/wiki/Haima_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haima (car)">Haima</a> Freemas. In April, however, one Zoyte Langyue caught fire, and all of the electric taxis were taken off the roads later that day. The city still intends to have a fleet of 200 electric taxis by the end of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, a large number of new electric taxis produced by Xihu-BYD (Xihu (westlake) is a local company which produced televisions in the past) were deployed. </p><p>Central (to the east of the city centre, taking the place of the former east station), north, south, and west long-distance coach stations offer frequent coach service to nearby cities/towns within Zhejiang province, as well as surrounding provinces. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Metro" title="Hangzhou Metro">Hangzhou Metro</a> has a network of 323 km as of mid-2021, not including the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou%E2%80%93Haining_intercity_railway" title="Hangzhou–Haining intercity railway">Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Railway</a> which has a length of 46 km. Major expansion plans continue. It is the 17th city in China to have a rapid rail transit system. In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> approved the planning for 15 metro lines, including extensions to the three existing lines, scheduled to open in time for the <a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">2022 Asian Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By then the Hangzhou Metro system is projected have a network of 617 km (383 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The construction of the Metro started in March 2006, and Line 1 opened on November 24, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-本网快讯：杭州地铁时代即将来临_1号线24日开通_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-本网快讯：杭州地铁时代即将来临_1号线24日开通-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Line 1 connects city centre with suburbs. It run from Xianghu to Wenze Road with a branch to Lingping, which would later become part of Line 9. By June 2015, the southeast section of Line 2 (starts in Xiaoshan District, ends to the south of the city centre) and a short part of Line 4 (fewer than 10 stations, connecting Line 1 and Line 2) were completed. The system is expected to have 15 lines upon completion; most lines are still under construction. The extensions of Line 2 (city centre and northwest Hangzhou) and Line 4 (east of <a href="/wiki/Binjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjiang District">Binjiang District</a>) opened in 2018. Line 5/6/7/8 opened their first parts in 2019 and 2020. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:6-5859_at_Guodongyuan_Alley,_Jiangcheng_Rd_(20190807101902).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/6-5859_at_Guodongyuan_Alley%2C_Jiangcheng_Rd_%2820190807101902%29.jpg/200px-6-5859_at_Guodongyuan_Alley%2C_Jiangcheng_Rd_%2820190807101902%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/6-5859_at_Guodongyuan_Alley%2C_Jiangcheng_Rd_%2820190807101902%29.jpg/300px-6-5859_at_Guodongyuan_Alley%2C_Jiangcheng_Rd_%2820190807101902%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/6-5859_at_Guodongyuan_Alley%2C_Jiangcheng_Rd_%2820190807101902%29.jpg/400px-6-5859_at_Guodongyuan_Alley%2C_Jiangcheng_Rd_%2820190807101902%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4252" data-file-height="2834" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hangzhou trolleybus</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:6-6892_at_Hangzhoudong_Railway_Station_West_Bus_Terminal_(20190224055507).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/6-6892_at_Hangzhoudong_Railway_Station_West_Bus_Terminal_%2820190224055507%29.jpg/250px-6-6892_at_Hangzhoudong_Railway_Station_West_Bus_Terminal_%2820190224055507%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/6-6892_at_Hangzhoudong_Railway_Station_West_Bus_Terminal_%2820190224055507%29.jpg/330px-6-6892_at_Hangzhoudong_Railway_Station_West_Bus_Terminal_%2820190224055507%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/6-6892_at_Hangzhoudong_Railway_Station_West_Bus_Terminal_%2820190224055507%29.jpg/500px-6-6892_at_Hangzhoudong_Railway_Station_West_Bus_Terminal_%2820190224055507%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="2608" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hangzhou BRT Line 4 (Closed)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qiantang_River_Bridge_HXD1D_2016_January.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Qiantang_River_Bridge_HXD1D_2016_January.jpg/200px-Qiantang_River_Bridge_HXD1D_2016_January.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Qiantang_River_Bridge_HXD1D_2016_January.jpg/300px-Qiantang_River_Bridge_HXD1D_2016_January.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Qiantang_River_Bridge_HXD1D_2016_January.jpg/400px-Qiantang_River_Bridge_HXD1D_2016_January.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River_Bridge" title="Qiantang River Bridge">Qiantang River Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E7%AB%99%E5%90%91%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%B6%E5%8E%BBIMG_0154.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E7%AB%99%E5%90%91%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%B6%E5%8E%BBIMG_0154.JPG/250px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E7%AB%99%E5%90%91%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%B6%E5%8E%BBIMG_0154.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E7%AB%99%E5%90%91%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%B6%E5%8E%BBIMG_0154.JPG/330px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E7%AB%99%E5%90%91%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%B6%E5%8E%BBIMG_0154.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E7%AB%99%E5%90%91%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%B6%E5%8E%BBIMG_0154.JPG/500px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E7%AB%99%E5%90%91%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%B6%E5%8E%BBIMG_0154.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Metro" title="Hangzhou Metro">Hangzhou Metro</a> Line 1</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:201607_Z176_departs_from_Hangzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/201607_Z176_departs_from_Hangzhou.jpg/200px-201607_Z176_departs_from_Hangzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/201607_Z176_departs_from_Hangzhou.jpg/300px-201607_Z176_departs_from_Hangzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/201607_Z176_departs_from_Hangzhou.jpg/400px-201607_Z176_departs_from_Hangzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway (Original route to Hangzhou Station)</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycle_hire">Cycle hire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cycle hire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">electric scooters</a> are very popular, and major streets have dedicated bike lanes throughout the city. Hangzhou has an extensive <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">public bike rental system</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Public_Bicycle" title="Hangzhou Public Bicycle">Hangzhou Public Bicycle</a> system. There is a dock-and-station system like those of Paris or London and users can hire bicycles with IC card or mobile phone application. Journeys within 60 minutes are free of charge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou sits on the intersecting point of some of the busiest rail corridors in China. The city's main station is <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_East_railway_station" title="Hangzhou East railway station">Hangzhou East station</a> (colloquially "East Station" <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">东站</span></span>). It is one of the biggest rail traffic hubs in China, consisting of 15 platforms that house the High Speed services to Shanghai, Nanjing, Changsha, Ningbo, and beyond. The metro station beneath the rail complex building is a stop along the Hangzhou Metro Line 1 and Line 4. There are frequent departures for <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> with approximately 20-minute headways from 6:00 to 21:00. Non-stop CRH high-speed service between Hangzhou and Shanghai takes 50 minutes and leaves every hour (excluding a few early morning/late night departures) from both directions. Other <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_High-speed" title="China Railway High-speed">CRH</a> high-speed trains that stop at one or more stations along the route complete the trip in 59 to 75 minutes. Most other major cities in China can also be reached by direct train service from Hangzhou. The <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_railway_station" title="Hangzhou railway station">Hangzhou railway station</a> (colloquially the "City Station" Chinese: <span lang="zh">城站</span>) was closed for renovation in mid 2013 but has recently opened again. </p><p>A second high-speed rail channel through Hangzhou is operational along with another major station, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_West_railway_station" title="Hangzhou West railway station">Hangzhou West</a>, opened on September 22, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Direct trains link Hangzhou with more than 50 main cities, including 12 daily services to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and more than 100 daily services to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>; they reach as far as <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a>. The <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_High-Speed" class="mw-redirect" title="China Railway High-Speed">China Railway High-Speed</a> service inaugurated on October 26, 2010. The service is operated by the CRH 380A(L), CRH 380B(L) and CRH380CL train sets which travel at a maximum speed of 350 km/h (220 mph), shortening the duration of the 202 km (126 mi) trip to only 45 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_and_sea">Air and sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Air and sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou is served by the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Xiaoshan_International_Airport" title="Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport">Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport</a>, which provides direct service to many international destinations such as <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, as well as regional routes to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>. It has an extensive domestic route network within the PRC and is consistently ranked top 10 in passenger traffic among Chinese airports.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Port of Hangzhou is a small river port with a cargo throughput that exceeds 100 million tons annually.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">List of universities in China</a></div><p>Hangzhou is a major city for education and scientific research in China, ranking 8th in Asia-Oceania region and 13th globally by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a> as of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hangzhou hosts many universities, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a>, one of the world's top 100th comprehensive public research universities<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/C9_League" title="C9 League">C9 League</a>, an alliance of elite Chinese universities offering comprehensive and leading education,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hangzhou has a large student population, with college towns such as Xiasha, located near the east end of the city, and Xiaoheshan, located near the west end of the city. Universities in Hangzhou include <a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Art" title="China Academy of Art">China Academy of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Jiliang_University" title="China Jiliang University">China Jiliang University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communication_University_of_Zhejiang" title="Communication University of Zhejiang">Communication University of Zhejiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_City_University" title="Hangzhou City University">Hangzhou City University</a> (also known as Zhejiang University City College), <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Dianzi_University" title="Hangzhou Dianzi University">Hangzhou Dianzi University</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Medical_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Medical College (page does not exist)">Hangzhou Medical College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Normal_University" title="Hangzhou Normal University">Hangzhou Normal University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westlake_University" title="Westlake University">Westlake University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_A%26F_University" title="Zhejiang A&F University">Zhejiang A&F University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Chinese_Medical_University" title="Zhejiang Chinese Medical University">Zhejiang Chinese Medical University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Gongshang_University" title="Zhejiang Gongshang University">Zhejiang Gongshang University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_International_Studies_University" title="Zhejiang International Studies University">Zhejiang International Studies University</a> (also known as Zhejiang Education Institute), <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Normal_University" title="Zhejiang Normal University">Zhejiang Normal University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Sci-Tech_University" title="Zhejiang Sci-Tech University">Zhejiang Sci-Tech University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Zhejiang University of Science and Technology">Zhejiang University of Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University_of_Technology" title="Zhejiang University of Technology">Zhejiang University of Technology</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongfa_Aviation_Institute_of_Beihang_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongfa Aviation Institute of Beihang University (page does not exist)">Zhongfa Aviation Institute of Beihang University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._News_&_World_Report-2021-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Provincial key public high schools in Hangzhou include <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_No._2_High_School" title="Hangzhou No. 2 High School">Hangzhou No. 2 High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Xuejun_High_School" title="Hangzhou Xuejun High School">Hangzhou Xuejun High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_High_School" title="Hangzhou High School">Hangzhou High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_No._14_High_School" title="Hangzhou No. 14 High School">Hangzhou No. 14 High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_No._4_High_School" title="Hangzhou No. 4 High School">Hangzhou No. 4 High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_School_Attached_to_Zhejiang_University" title="High School Attached to Zhejiang University">High School Attached to Zhejiang University</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Affiliated_High_School_to_Hangzhou_Normal_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Affiliated High School to Hangzhou Normal University (page does not exist)">The Affiliated High School to Hangzhou Normal University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Foreign_Language_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangzhou Foreign Language School">Hangzhou Foreign Language School</a>. </p><p>Private high schools in Hangzhou include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Green_Town_Yuhua_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Green Town Yuhua School (page does not exist)">Hangzhou Green Town Yuhua School</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Chinese_International_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Chinese International School (page does not exist)">Hangzhou Chinese International School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_International_School" title="Hangzhou International School">Hangzhou International School</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Japanese_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Japanese School (page does not exist)">Hangzhou Japanese School</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">杭州日本人学校</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Nihonjin_gakk%C5%8D" title="Nihonjin gakkō">nihonjin gakkō</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hangzhou is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, Iran (2024)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe5"> <th>City</th> <th>Division</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayama" title="Sayama">Sayama</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture" title="Saitama Prefecture">Saitama Prefecture</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan</td> <td>1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gifu,_Gifu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gifu, Gifu">Gifu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg/60px-Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gifu_Prefecture" title="Gifu Prefecture">Gifu Prefecture</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan</td> <td>1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Weert" title="Weert">Weert</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands</td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td>1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a></td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Philippines</td> <td>1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom</td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fukui,_Fukui" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukui, Fukui">Fukui</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/40px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/60px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fukui_Prefecture" title="Fukui Prefecture">Fukui Prefecture</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan</td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/40px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France</td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland</td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo_District" title="Paramaribo District">Paramaribo District</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/40px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/60px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Suriname</td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></td> <td>N/A<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Hungary</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>South Africa</td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Principado_de_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Principado de Asturias">Principado de Asturias</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1748" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany</td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ostrobothnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ostrobothnia">Northern Ostrobothnia</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span>Finland</td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka Prefecture</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan</td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canton_of_Ticino.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Ticino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canton_of_Ticino.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Ticino.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="470" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span>Switzerland</td> <td>2012<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast" title="Dnipropetrovsk Oblast">Dnipropetrovsk Oblast</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Ukraine</td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Calafate" title="El Calafate">El Calafate</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Santa_Cruz.svg/40px-Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Santa_Cruz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Santa_Cruz.svg/60px-Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Santa_Cruz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Province,_Argentina" title="Santa Cruz Province, Argentina">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Argentina</td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Split-Dalmatia_County.svg/23px-Flag_of_Split-Dalmatia_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Split-Dalmatia_County.svg/35px-Flag_of_Split-Dalmatia_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Split-Dalmatia_County.svg/46px-Flag_of_Split-Dalmatia_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="213" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Split-Dalmatia_County" title="Split-Dalmatia County">Split-Dalmatia County</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Croatia</td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Otago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Otago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Otago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Otago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Otago.svg/45px-Flag_of_Otago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>New Zealand</td> <td>2015<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_Municipality_of_Maribor" class="mw-redirect" title="City Municipality of Maribor">City Municipality of Maribor</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Slovenia</td> <td>2017<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Authority.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Authority.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Authority.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Authority.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="192" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom</td> <td>2017<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany</td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Malaysia</td> <td>2019<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg/23px-Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg/35px-Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg/46px-Flag_of_et-Harju_maakond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Harju_County" title="Harju County">Harju County</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span>Estonia</td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough" title="Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom</td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> </td> <td>Hanoi </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>2023<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population">List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_numerals" title="Suzhou numerals">Suzhou numerals</a> – in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard version 3.0, these characters are incorrectly named Hangzhou style numerals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Hangzhou" title="Chinese destroyer Hangzhou">Chinese destroyer <i>Hangzhou</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">hahng-<span style="font-size:90%">JOH</span></i></a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">hang-<span style="font-size:90%">JOH</span></i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">杭州</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Wu Chinese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="wuu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">[ɦɑ̃.tse]</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a> pronunciation:</small> <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[xǎŋ.ʈʂóʊ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/Hang2zhou1.ogg\/Hang2zhou1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Hang2zhou1.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Hang2zhou1.ogg/Hang2zhou1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Hang2zhou1.ogg" title="File:Hang2zhou1.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>), also <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">romanized</a> as <b>Hangchow</b></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a discussion of the many sources and variant spellings of the names, see <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Christopher_Moule" title="Arthur Christopher Moule">Moule</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ultimate Chinese source of these names has been variously given as <i>Jīngshī</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:京師">京師</a></span></span>, "the Capital"); <i>Xingzai</i>, an abbreviated form of <i>Xíngzàisuǒ</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%9C%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:行在">行在</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%89%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:所">所</a></span></span>, "the Place of Temporary Residence"), which had formerly been a byname for the Song capital from the hope that the court would eventually return north to <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>; and <i>Hangtsei</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangzhounese">Hangzhounese</a> pronunciation of the town's name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1957[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidUYIoAAAAQBAJpgPA4_4]_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1957[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidUYIoAAAAQBAJpgPA4_4]-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/zhejiang/admin/">"China: Zhèjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=China%3A+Zh%C3%A8ji%C4%81ng+%28Prefectures%2C+Cities%2C+Districts+and+Counties%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fchina%2Fzhejiang%2Fadmin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBayne2006" class="citation cs2">Bayne, John (2006), "Images of the Chinese Photography and Consumerism in 1990s Hangzhou", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-TlbKxD7N7wC"><i>Consuming China: Approaches to Cultural Change in Contemporary China</i></a>, Abingdon: Routledge, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-TlbKxD7N7wC&dq=%22hangzhounese%22&pg=PT196">196</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135791438" title="Special:BookSources/9781135791438"><bdi>9781135791438</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Images+of+the+Chinese+Photography+and+Consumerism+in+1990s+Hangzhou&rft.btitle=Consuming+China%3A+Approaches+to+Cultural+Change+in+Contemporary+China&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781135791438&rft.aulast=Bayne&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-TlbKxD7N7wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhang2018" class="citation cs2">Zhang Zhongyuan (2018), "Exploring the Spacial Dynamics of the City: A Case Study in China", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2JgDwAAQBAJ"><i>Organizational Space and Beyond: The Significance of Henri Lefebvre for Organizational Studies</i></a>, Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations, and Safety, Abingdon: Routledge, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2JgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT244">244</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315302416" title="Special:BookSources/9781315302416"><bdi>9781315302416</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Spacial+Dynamics+of+the+City%3A+A+Case+Study+in+China&rft.btitle=Organizational+Space+and+Beyond%3A+The+Significance+of+Henri+Lefebvre+for+Organizational+Studies&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+Management%2C+Organizations%2C+and+Safety&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781315302416&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zhongyuan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP2JgDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkhtar2022" class="citation cs2">Akhtar, Ali Humayun (2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="#cite_ref-hangzhou_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tjj.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2025/1/22/art_1229279240_4329197.html">"zh: 2024年杭州经济运行情况"</a> (Press release). hangzhou.gov.cn. 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Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Hangzhou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FHangzhou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britannica.com/dictionary/Hangzhou">"Hangzhou"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">The Britannica Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Britannica+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Hangzhou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritannica.com%2Fdictionary%2FHangzhou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518070138/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Hangzhou">"Hangzhou"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Hangzhou">the original</a> on May 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hangzhou&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FHangzhou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-06/25/content_1892395.htm">"杭州西湖文化景观正式被列入《世界遗产名录》"</a>. <i>www.gov.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Yale University Press (<a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a>), 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09382-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09382-7">978-0-300-09382-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFuller2009" class="citation journal cs1">Fuller, Dorian; et al. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922171819/http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/108026/1/Fuller_2009%20Sci%20final%20ms%20%2526%20supp.pdf">"The Domestication Process and Domestication Rate in Rice: Spikelet bases from the Lower Yangtze"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science</i>. <b>323</b> (5921): <span class="nowrap">1607–</span>1610. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...323.1607F">2009Sci...323.1607F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1166605">10.1126/science.1166605</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19299619">19299619</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21357179">21357179</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/108026/1/Fuller_2009%20Sci%20final%20ms%20%2526%20supp.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Domestication+Process+and+Domestication+Rate+in+Rice%3A+Spikelet+bases+from+the+Lower+Yangtze&rft.volume=323&rft.issue=5921&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1607-%3C%2Fspan%3E1610&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1166605&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21357179%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19299619&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Sci...323.1607F&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Dorian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2F108026%2F1%2FFuller_2009%2520Sci%2520final%2520ms%2520%252526%2520supp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shanghai Qingpu Museum. "[museum.shqp.gov.cn/gb/content/2009-02/23/content_237435.htm Migration of the Tribe and Integration into the Han Chinese]". Accessed 24 July 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">中国历史地名大辞典</bdi>. Shanghai: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Lexicographical_Publishing_House" title="Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House">Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House</a>. p. 1516.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pages=1516&rft.pub=Shanghai+Lexicographical+Publishing+House&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/wghz/content/2019-01/25/content_7138860.htm">"The earliest historical record of Hangzhou: Qiantang County magistrate Liu Daozhen's "Qiantang Records"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hangzhou History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hangzhou+History&rft.atitle=The+earliest+historical+record+of+Hangzhou%3A+Qiantang+County+magistrate+Liu+Daozhen%27s+%22Qiantang+Records%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhznews.hangzhou.com.cn%2Fwghz%2Fcontent%2F2019-01%2F25%2Fcontent_7138860.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebrey_cambridge_114-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ebrey_cambridge_114_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ebrey, <i>Cambridge Illustrated History of China</i>, 114: "[...] the Grand Canal, dug between 605 and 609 by means of enormous levies of conscripted labour."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waley_1941,_131-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waley_1941,_131_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waley (1941), 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:04_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHu2023" class="citation book cs1">Hu, Richard (2023). <i>Reinventing the Chinese City</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21101-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21101-7"><bdi>978-0-231-21101-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reinventing+the+Chinese+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-231-21101-7&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhou1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhou, Feng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周峰</span></span>) (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E3CxAAAAIAAJ&q=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E"><bdi lang="zh">吴越首府杭州: 及北宋东南第一州</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). University of California: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">浙江人民出版社</span></span> [Zhejiang People's Press]. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787213015052" title="Special:BookSources/9787213015052"><bdi>9787213015052</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=E3CxAAAAIAAJ&q=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E&dq=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wRXOU-hWjoHyBZmTgogM&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%90%B4%E8%B6%8A%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%3A+%E5%8F%8A%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B7%9E&rft.place=University+of+California&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text+%5BZhejiang+People%27s+Press%5D&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9787213015052&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Feng+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%91%A8%E5%B3%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE3CxAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%25E6%259D%25AD%25E5%25B7%259E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worthy_1983_19-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Worthy_1983_19_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorthy1983">Worthy 1983</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarmé2012" class="citation cs2">Barmé, Germeie R. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/glossary.php?searchterm=029_chao.inc&issue=029">"Glossary: Tides <i>Chao</i> 潮"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org"><i>China Heritage Quarterly</i></a>, vol. 29, Australian National University College of Asia & the Pacific, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232026/http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/">archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glossary%3A+Tides+Chao+%E6%BD%AE&rft.btitle=China+Heritage+Quarterly&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+College+of+Asia+%26+the+Pacific&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Barm%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Germeie+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaheritagequarterly.org%2Fglossary.php%3Fsearchterm%3D029_chao.inc%26issue%3D029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoblin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Coblin, Weldon South (2002). "Migration History and Dialect Development in the Lower Yangtze Watershed". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>65</b> (3): 533. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x02000320">10.1017/s0041977x02000320</a> (inactive December 16, 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Migration+History+and+Dialect+Development+in+the+Lower+Yangtze+Watershed&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=533&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x02000320&rft.aulast=Coblin&rft.aufirst=Weldon+South&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_December_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolcombe2011" class="citation book cs1">Holcombe, Charles (2011). <i>A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51595-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51595-5"><bdi>978-0-521-51595-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+East+Asia%3A+From+the+Origins+of+Civilization+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51595-5&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moteb-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moteb_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moteb_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMote2003" class="citation book cs1">Mote, Frederick W. (2003). <i>Imperial China: 900–1800</i>. Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">292–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01212-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China%3A+900%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E292-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01212-7&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFranke1994" class="citation book cs1">Franke, Herbert (1994). Denis C. Twitchett; Herbert Franke; John King Fairbank (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+6%2C+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+710%E2%80%931368&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24331-5&rft.aulast=Franke&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mote-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mote_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mote_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMote2003" class="citation book cs1">Mote, Frederick W. (2003). <i>Imperial China: 900–1800</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 461. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01212-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China%3A+900%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01212-7&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGernet1962" class="citation book cs1">Gernet, Jacques (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinchina00gern/page/25"><i>Daily Life in China, on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250–1276</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinchina00gern/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0720-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0720-6"><bdi>978-0-8047-0720-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+China%2C+on+the+Eve+of+the+Mongol+Invasion%2C+1250%E2%80%931276&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0720-6&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinchina00gern%2Fpage%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGernet1959" class="citation book cs1">Gernet, Jacques (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5xpXOYxxEEC"><i>Daily life in China, on the eve of the Mongol invasion, 1250-1276</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 26, 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804707206" title="Special:BookSources/9780804707206"><bdi>9780804707206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+life+in+China%2C+on+the+eve+of+the+Mongol+invasion%2C+1250-1276&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pages=26%2C+37&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=9780804707206&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5xpXOYxxEEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYule2002128-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYule2002128_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYule2002">Yule 2002</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPiper_Rae_Gaubatz1996" class="citation book cs1">Piper Rae Gaubatz (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=drGGEsi1fFEC&q=mosque+ningbo&pg=PA210"><i>Beyond the Great Wall: urban form and transformation on the Chinese frontiers</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2399-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2399-0"><bdi>0-8047-2399-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527074939/http://books.google.com/books?id=drGGEsi1fFEC&pg=PA210&dq=mosque+ningbo&hl=en&ei=dAbcTebnL8bx0gH3w-zqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mosque%20ningbo&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Great+Wall%3A+urban+form+and+transformation+on+the+Chinese+frontiers&rft.pages=210&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8047-2399-0&rft.au=Piper+Rae+Gaubatz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdrGGEsi1fFEC%26q%3Dmosque%2Bningbo%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLane2018" class="citation book cs1">Lane, George (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/P/bo25077174.html"><i>The Phoenix Mosque and the Persians of Medieval Hangzhou</i></a>. University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phoenix+Mosque+and+the+Persians+of+Medieval+Hangzhou&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.uchicago.edu%2Fucp%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2Fdistributed%2FP%2Fbo25077174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuhang-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yuhang_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuhang Cultural Network (October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yhwt.com/newsshow.aspx?artid=3169">Shen Kuo's Tomb</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502074744/http://www.yhwt.com/newsshow.aspx?artid=3169">Archived</a> May 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Yuhang District of Hangzhou Cultural Broadcasting Press and Publications Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-05-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">"Largest Cities Through History"</a>. <i>Geography.about.com</i>. March 2, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010218202126/http://geography.about.com/science/geography/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geography.about.com&rft.atitle=Largest+Cities+Through+History&rft.date=2011-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fweekly%2Faa011201a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janet L. Abu-Lughod, <i>Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350</i>, "All the Silks of China" (Oxford University Press US) 1991, p. 337</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gernet_15-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gernet_15_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gernet, 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEbrey2016" class="citation book cs1">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9SpADAAAQBAJ&q=The+Mongols+executed+the+Xi+Xia+ruler+when+he+surrendered+in+1227.89+With+the+fall+of+Jin%2C+the+Mongols+marched+out+more+than+500+members+of+the+Wanyan+imperial+clan%2C+then+killed+them+all.90+After+the+fall+of+Jin%2C+the+Mongols+attacked+Song+territory+in+Sichuan%2C+but+did+not+wage+all-out+war+to+subjugate+Song+until+the+1250s+because+they+were+busy+elsewhere.+In+1259%2C+after+capturing+a+city+in+Sichuan%2C+more+than+80%2C000+captives+were+taken%2C+and+an+attack+in+Hunan+resulted+in+20%2C000+captives+taken+north.91+In+contrast+to+how+the+Mongols+treated+the+royal+families+of+the+Xia+and+Jin+upon+subjugation%2C+a+half+century+later+they+treated+the+surrendered+Song+empresses+and+the+boy+emperor+relatively+decently.+In+1276+the+Song+surrender+had+been+nearly+unconditional%3A+the+empress+dowager+asked+that&pg=PA325">"9 State-Forced Relocations in China, 900-1300 THE MONGOLS AND THE STATE OF YUAN"</a>. In Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Smith, Paul Jakov (eds.). <i>State Power in China, 900-1325</i> (illustrated ed.). University of Washington Press. pp. 325, 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0295998480" title="Special:BookSources/978-0295998480"><bdi>978-0295998480</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220315101938/https://books.google.com/books?id=9SpADAAAQBAJ&q=The+Mongols+executed+the+Xi+Xia+ruler+when+he+surrendered+in+1227.89+With+the+fall+of+Jin,+the+Mongols+marched+out+more+than+500+members+of+the+Wanyan+imperial+clan,+then+killed+them+all.90+After+the+fall+of+Jin,+the+Mongols+attacked+Song+territory+in+Sichuan,+but+did+not+wage+all-out+war+to+subjugate+Song+until+the+1250s+because+they+were+busy+elsewhere.+In+1259,+after+capturing+a+city+in+Sichuan,+more+than+80,000+captives+were+taken,+and+an+attack+in+Hunan+resulted+in+20,000+captives+taken+north.91+In+contrast+to+how+the+Mongols+treated+the+royal+families+of+the+Xia+and+Jin+upon+subjugation,+a+half+century+later+they+treated+the+surrendered+Song+empresses+and+the+boy+emperor+relatively+decently.+In+1276+the+Song+surrender+had+been+nearly+unconditional:+the+empress+dowager+asked+that&pg=PA325">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9+State-Forced+Relocations+in+China%2C+900-1300+THE+MONGOLS+AND+THE+STATE+OF+YUAN&rft.btitle=State+Power+in+China%2C+900-1325&rft.pages=325%2C+326&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0295998480&rft.aulast=Ebrey&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Buckley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9SpADAAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BMongols%2Bexecuted%2Bthe%2BXi%2BXia%2Bruler%2Bwhen%2Bhe%2Bsurrendered%2Bin%2B1227.89%2BWith%2Bthe%2Bfall%2Bof%2BJin%252C%2Bthe%2BMongols%2Bmarched%2Bout%2Bmore%2Bthan%2B500%2Bmembers%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWanyan%2Bimperial%2Bclan%252C%2Bthen%2Bkilled%2Bthem%2Ball.90%2BAfter%2Bthe%2Bfall%2Bof%2BJin%252C%2Bthe%2BMongols%2Battacked%2BSong%2Bterritory%2Bin%2BSichuan%252C%2Bbut%2Bdid%2Bnot%2Bwage%2Ball-out%2Bwar%2Bto%2Bsubjugate%2BSong%2Buntil%2Bthe%2B1250s%2Bbecause%2Bthey%2Bwere%2Bbusy%2Belsewhere.%2BIn%2B1259%252C%2Bafter%2Bcapturing%2Ba%2Bcity%2Bin%2BSichuan%252C%2Bmore%2Bthan%2B80%252C000%2Bcaptives%2Bwere%2Btaken%252C%2Band%2Ban%2Battack%2Bin%2BHunan%2Bresulted%2Bin%2B20%252C000%2Bcaptives%2Btaken%2Bnorth.91%2BIn%2Bcontrast%2Bto%2Bhow%2Bthe%2BMongols%2Btreated%2Bthe%2Broyal%2Bfamilies%2Bof%2Bthe%2BXia%2Band%2BJin%2Bupon%2Bsubjugation%252C%2Ba%2Bhalf%2Bcentury%2Blater%2Bthey%2Btreated%2Bthe%2Bsurrendered%2BSong%2Bempresses%2Band%2Bthe%2Bboy%2Bemperor%2Brelatively%2Bdecently.%2BIn%2B1276%2Bthe%2BSong%2Bsurrender%2Bhad%2Bbeen%2Bnearly%2Bunconditional%253A%2Bthe%2Bempress%2Bdowager%2Basked%2Bthat%26pg%3DPA325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wassaf" title="Wassaf">Wassaf</a>, <i>The Allocation of Cities</i>. <span class="languageicon">(in Persian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a>, <i>Travels</i>. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoule1957" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Christopher_Moule" title="Arthur Christopher Moule">Moule, Arthur Christopher</a> (1957), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UYIoAAAAQBAJ"><i>Quinsai</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">2–</span>4, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107621909" title="Special:BookSources/9781107621909"><bdi>9781107621909</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quinsai&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=9781107621909&rft.aulast=Moule&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUYIoAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoule1957[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidUYIoAAAAQBAJpgPA4_4]-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoule1957[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidUYIoAAAAQBAJpgPA4_4]_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoule1957">Moule (1957)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UYIoAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDent1908" class="citation cs2">Dent, J.M. (1908), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/marcopolo00polouoft#page/290/mode/2up">"Chapter LXVIII: On the Noble and Magnificent City of Kin-Sai"</a>, <i>The travels of Marco Polo the Venetian</i>, pp. <span class="nowrap">290–</span>310, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402140626/http://archive.org/stream/marcopolo00polouoft#page/290/mode/2up">archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+LXVIII%3A+On+the+Noble+and+Magnificent+City+of+Kin-Sai&rft.btitle=The+travels+of+Marco+Polo+the+Venetian&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E290-%3C%2Fspan%3E310&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Dent&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmarcopolo00polouoft%23page%2F290%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChildress2013" class="citation book cs1">Childress, Diana (January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o1KXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20"><i>Marco Polo's Journey to China</i></a>. Twenty-First Century Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467703796" title="Special:BookSources/9781467703796"><bdi>9781467703796</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216144808/https://books.google.com/books?id=o1KXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marco+Polo%27s+Journey+to+China&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2013-01&rft.isbn=9781467703796&rft.aulast=Childress&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do1KXAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunn2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ross_E._Dunn" title="Ross E. Dunn">Dunn, Ross E.</a> (2005). <i>The Adventures of Ibn Battuta</i>. University of California Press. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24385-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24385-9"><bdi>978-0-520-24385-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Adventures+of+Ibn+Battuta&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24385-9&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Ross+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElliott2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Elliott, Michael (July 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117180753/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2084273_2084272_2084481,00.html">"The Enduring Message of Hangzhou"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2084273_2084272_2084481,00.html">the original</a> on January 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Enduring+Message+of+Hangzhou&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C2084273_2084272_2084481%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ibn-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ibn_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBattutah2002" class="citation book cs1">Battutah, Ibn (2002). <i>The Travels of Ibn Battutah</i>. London: Picador. pp. 268, 323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780330418799" title="Special:BookSources/9780330418799"><bdi>9780330418799</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Ibn+Battutah&rft.place=London&rft.pages=268%2C+323&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780330418799&rft.aulast=Battutah&rft.aufirst=Ibn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElliott2011" class="citation web cs1">Elliott, Michael (July 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117180753/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2084273_2084272_2084481,00.html">"Summer Journey 2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2084273_2084272_2084481,00.html">the original</a> on January 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2011</span> – via www.time.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summer+Journey+2011&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C2084273_2084272_2084481%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Travels of Ibn Battuta Volume 4 pp. 904, 967 (The Hakluyt Society 1994, British Library)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCassel2003" class="citation cs2">Cassel, Pär (2003), "Excavating Extraterritoriality: The "Judicial Sub-Prefect" as a Prototype for the Mixed Court in Shanghai", <i>Late Imperial China</i>, vol. 24, pp. <span class="nowrap">156–</span>182</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Excavating+Extraterritoriality%3A+The+%22Judicial+Sub-Prefect%22+as+a+Prototype+for+the+Mixed+Court+in+Shanghai&rft.btitle=Late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E156-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Cassel&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A4r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125223857/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-09/16/c_134629438.htm">"Hangzhou of China selected to host 2022 Asian Games"</a>. 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October 28, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/queenstown/sister-city-link-gains-traction">the original</a> on September 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+city+link+gains+traction&rft.pub=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.date=2018-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fregions%2Fqueenstown%2Fsister-city-link-gains-traction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maribor.si/podrocje.aspx?id=1162">"Prijateljska in partnerska mesta"</a> [Friendly and partner cities]. <i>maribor.si</i> (in Slovenian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512031728/http://www.maribor.si/podrocje.aspx?id=1162">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/11/12/kota-kinabalu-hangzhou-to-ink-mou-to-enhance-friendship-ties/">the original</a> on March 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in Kota Kinabalu. September 23, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kotakinabalu.china-consulate.org/eng/zlgxw_2/t1400090.htm">the original</a> on March 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+by+Consul-General+CHEN+Peijie+At+the+National+Day+Reception&rft.pub=Consulate+General+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+in+Kota+Kinabalu&rft.date=2016-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotakinabalu.china-consulate.org%2Feng%2Fzlgxw_2%2Ft1400090.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923100219/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/140828/kk-hangzhou-friendship-city-pact/">"KK-Hangzhou friendship city pact"</a>. Daily Express. September 21, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/140828/kk-hangzhou-friendship-city-pact/">the original</a> on September 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KK-Hangzhou+friendship+city+pact&rft.pub=Daily+Express&rft.date=2019-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyexpress.com.my%2Fnews%2F140828%2Fkk-hangzhou-friendship-city-pact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cn/world/2023-12/12/c_1130020819.htm">"元首外交|盛情迎贵宾，在河内感受中越友好特殊情谊-新华网"</a>. <i>www.news.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.news.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%26%23124%3B%E7%9B%9B%E6%83%85%E8%BF%8E%E8%B4%B5%E5%AE%BE%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E6%B2%B3%E5%86%85%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%97%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8A%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%83%85%E8%B0%8A-%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cn%2Fworld%2F2023-12%2F12%2Fc_1130020819.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>General</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>The Middle kingdom: a survey of the ... Chinese empire and its inhabitants ...<i>, by Samuel Wells Williams, a publication from 1848, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>The middle kingdom: a survey of the geography, government, education, social life, arts, religion, etc. of the Chinese empire and its inhabitants, Volume 2<i>, by Samuel Wells Williams, John William Orr, a publication from 1848, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>The Chinese repository, Volume 13<i>, a publication from 1844, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>The Baptist missionary magazine, Volume 29<i>, by American Baptist Missionary Union. Executive Committee, Baptist General Convention. Board of Managers, a publication from 1849, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>My holidays in China: An account of three houseboat tours, from Shanghai to Hangehow and back via Ningpo; from Shanghai to Le Yang via Soochow and the Tah Hu; and from Kiukiang to Wuhu; with twenty-six illustrations (from photographs)<i>, by William R. Kahler, a publication from 1895, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>Reports from the consuls of the United States, Issues 124–127<i>, by United States. Bureau of Foreign Commerce, a publication from 1891, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>Memoirs of the Rev. Walter M. Lowrie: missionary to China<i>, by Walter Macon Lowrie, Presbyterian church in the U.S.A. Board of foreign missions, a publication from 1854, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>Darkness in the flowery land: or, Religious notions and popular superstitions in north China<i>, by Michael Simpson Culbertson, a publication from 1857, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYule2002" class="citation cs2">Yule, Henry (2002), <i>The Travels of Friar Odoric</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Friar+Odoric&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/hangzhou.htm">Economic profile for Hangzhou</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorthy1983" class="citation book cs1">Worthy, Edmund H. (1983). "Diplomacy for Survival: Domestic and Foreign Relations of Wü Yueh, 907–978". In Rossabi, Morris (ed.). <i>China among Equals: the Middle Kingdom and its Neighbors, 10th–14th centuries</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diplomacy+for+Survival%3A+Domestic+and+Foreign+Relations+of+W%C3%BC+Yueh%2C+907%E2%80%93978&rft.btitle=China+among+Equals%3A+the+Middle+Kingdom+and+its+Neighbors%2C+10th%E2%80%9314th+centuries&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Worthy&rft.aufirst=Edmund+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hangzhou#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Hangzhou">Bibliography of the history of Hangzhou</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCotterell,_Arthur2007" class="citation book cs1">Cotterell, Arthur (2007). <i>The Imperial Capitals of China: An Inside View of the Celestial Empire</i>. London: Pimlico. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5"><bdi>978-1-84595-009-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Capitals+of+China%3A+An+Inside+View+of+the+Celestial+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84595-009-5&rft.au=Cotterell%2C+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGernet,_Jacques1962" class="citation book cs1">Gernet, Jacques (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinchina00gern"><i>Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250–1276</i></a>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-0720-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-0720-0"><bdi>0-8047-0720-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+China+on+the+Eve+of+the+Mongol+Invasion%2C+1250%E2%80%931276&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=0-8047-0720-0&rft.au=Gernet%2C+Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinchina00gern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hangzhou" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hangchow" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hangchow">Hangchow</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hangchou" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hangchou">Hangchou</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hang-chou" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hang-chou">Hang-chou</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hang-chau" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hang-chau">Hang-chau</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hangzhou#Q4970" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1905 <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Hang-chow" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Hang-chow">Hang-chow</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/">Hangzhou Government website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/arts-and-crafts-museum-hangzhou">Arts Crafts Museum Hangzhou in Google Cultural Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.gotohz.com/">EN.GOTOHZ.COM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703083141/http://en.gotohz.com/">Archived</a> July 3, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – The Official Website of Hangzhou Tourism Commission</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716234532/http://www.travelwestlake.com/en/home-2">TRAVELWESTLAKE</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> – The Official Travel Guide of Hangzhou</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travelzhejiang.com/prefectures/hangzhou/hangzhou/">TRAVELZHEJIANG</a> – The Official Travel Guide of Zhejiang Province</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3221112">Hangzhou</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> (as Lin'an) </b><br />1127–1279 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</a> (present <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Zhejiang" title="Category:Zhejiang">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang#History" title="Zhejiang">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Zhejiang" title="Politics of Zhejiang">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang#Economy" title="Zhejiang">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Zhejiang" title="Category:Geography of Zhejiang">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China#Zhejiang" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangmaojian" title="Huangmaojian">Huangmaojian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mogan" title="Mount Mogan">Mount Mogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai_Mountain" title="Tiantai Mountain">Tiantai Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ou_River_(Zhejiang)" title="Ou River (Zhejiang)">Ou River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan_Island" title="Zhoushan Island">Zhoushan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Bay" title="Hangzhou Bay">Hangzhou Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Zhejiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Zhejiang (page does not exist)">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo_University" title="Ningbo University">Ningbo University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Art" title="China Academy of Art">China Academy of Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Zhejiang" title="List of universities and colleges in Zhejiang">List of universities and colleges in Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang#Culture" title="Zhejiang">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuyue_culture" title="Wuyue culture">Wuyue culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Taihu Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo_dialect" title="Ningbo dialect">Ningbo dialect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Wenzhou dialect</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Rui%27an_dialect" title="Rui'an dialect">Rui'an dialect</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua_dialect" title="Jinhua dialect">Jinhua dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou_dialect" title="Quzhou dialect">Quzhou dialect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhenan_Min" title="Zhenan Min">Zhenan Min</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_opera" title="Yue opera">Yue opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoguo_Temple_(Zhejiang)" title="Baoguo Temple (Zhejiang)">Baoguo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guoqing_Temple" title="Guoqing Temple">Guoqing Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Putuo" title="Mount Putuo">Mount Putuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyi_Bridge" title="Ruyi Bridge">Ruyi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai_Mountain" title="Tiantai Mountain">Mount Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandao_Lake" title="Qiandao Lake">Qiandao Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_the_Great" title="Yu the Great">Tomb of Yu the Great</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Zhejiang" title="Category:Zhejiang">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zhejiang" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zhejiang">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Zhejiang_Province335" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zhejiang" title="Template:Zhejiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zhejiang" title="Template talk:Zhejiang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zhejiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zhejiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Zhejiang_Province335" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Zhejiang" title="List of administrative divisions of Zhejiang">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongshu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongshu District">Gongshu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangcheng District">Shangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiantang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiantang District">Qiantang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihu_District,_Hangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xihu District, Hangzhou">Xihu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjiang District">Binjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhang District">Yuhang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linping District">Linping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiaoshan District">Xiaoshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuyang District">Fuyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonglu_County" title="Tonglu County">Tonglu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chun%27an_County" title="Chun'an County">Chun'an County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haishu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haishu District">Haishu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangbei_District,_Ningbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangbei District, Ningbo">Jiangbei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beilun District">Beilun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenhai District">Zhenhai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinzhou_District,_Ningbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinzhou District, Ningbo">Yinzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninghai_County" title="Ninghai County">Ninghai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangshan_County,_Zhejiang" title="Xiangshan County, Zhejiang">Xiangshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Wenzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucheng District, Wenzhou">Lucheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longwan District">Longwan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouhai District">Ouhai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongtou District">Dongtou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longgang,_Zhejiang" title="Longgang, Zhejiang">Longgang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongjia_County" title="Yongjia County">Yongjia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wencheng_County" title="Wencheng County">Wencheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyang_County" title="Pingyang County">Pingyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishun_County" title="Taishun County">Taishun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangnan_County" title="Cangnan County">Cangnan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhu District">Nanhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiuzhou District">Xiuzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiashan_County" title="Jiashan County">Jiashan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyan_County,_Zhejiang" title="Haiyan County, Zhejiang">Haiyan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuxing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuxing District">Wuxing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanxun District">Nanxun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changxing_County" title="Changxing County">Changxing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deqing_County,_Zhejiang" title="Deqing County, Zhejiang">Deqing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anji_County" title="Anji County">Anji County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuecheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuecheng District">Yuecheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Keqiao District">Keqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangyu District">Shangyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinchang_County" title="Xinchang County">Xinchang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wucheng District">Wucheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jindong District">Jindong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_County,_Zhejiang" title="Wuyi County, Zhejiang">Wuyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujiang_County,_Zhejiang" title="Pujiang County, Zhejiang">Pujiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan%27an_County" title="Pan'an County">Pan'an County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kecheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecheng District">Kecheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujiang_District,_Quzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Qujiang District, Quzhou">Qujiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshan_County" title="Changshan County">Changshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaihua_County" title="Kaihua County">Kaihua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyou_County" title="Longyou County">Longyou County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinghai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinghai District">Dinghai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putuo_District,_Zhoushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Putuo District, Zhoushan">Putuo District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daishan_County" title="Daishan County">Daishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengsi_County" title="Shengsi County">Shengsi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiaojiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaojiang District">Jiaojiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangyan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangyan District">Huangyan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luqiao District">Luqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhuan" title="Yuhuan">Yuhuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmen_County" title="Sanmen County">Sanmen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai_County" title="Tiantai County">Tiantai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianju_County" title="Xianju County">Xianju County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liandu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liandu District">Liandu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinyun_County" title="Jinyun County">Jinyun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtian_County" title="Qingtian County">Qingtian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunhe_County" title="Yunhe County">Yunhe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suichang_County" title="Suichang County">Suichang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyang_County" title="Songyang County">Songyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan_County,_Zhejiang" title="Qingyuan County, Zhejiang">Qingyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingning_She_Autonomous_County" title="Jingning She Autonomous County">Jingning County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_regions_and_cities_of_China401" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Template:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_regions_and_cities_of_China401" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major regions and cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">National<br />megalopolises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji</a><br />(Inner) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changping District">Changping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daxing District">Daxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentougou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentougou District">Mentougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Binhai">Binhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongli District">Dongli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnan District">Jinnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuqing District">Wuqing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiong%27an" title="Xiong'an">Xiong'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caofeidian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Caofeidian District">Caofeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone">(Economic Zone)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Jiading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingpu District">Qingpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Songjiang District">Songjiang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a><br />a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">(Economic Zone)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha New Area">Nansha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bao'an District">Bao'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Triangle_Economic_Zone" title="West Triangle Economic Zone">West Triangle<br />Economic Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Liangjiang_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongqing Liangjiang New Area">Liangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianjiang District">Qianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_North_Zone" title="New North Zone">Xinbei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangling_Agricultural_Hi-tech_Industries_Demonstration_Zone" title="Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone">Yangling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plain</a> Megalopolis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Henan144" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a> Megalopolis<br />(Northeastern Cities)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/<br />Yangtze River Valley<br />(Central Triangle Economic Zone)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(North) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Liaoning146" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Lüshun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(South) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Shandong121" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou,_Anhui" title="Huizhou, Anhui">Huizhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative <br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP">By GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita">By GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Greater_China_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index">By Human Development Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China">Prefecture-level divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_county-level_divisions_of_China" title="List of county-level divisions of China">County-level divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">List of cities in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_Chinese_cities_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of top Chinese cities by GDP per capita">by GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population_and_built-up_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population and built-up area">by population</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">Current and former capitals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Categories: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Subdivisions_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Subdivisions of China (page does not exist)">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_China" title="Category:Regions of China">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_China" title="Category:Cities in China">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_Economic_Circle" title="Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction195" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction195" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China" title="List of capitals in China">Capitals of China by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <p><b>National:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">PRC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></li></ul> <p><b>Provinces:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">AH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">FJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> (PRC) / <span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">ROC</a>¹)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">GD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">GS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">GZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">HA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">HB</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">HE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">HL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">HN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">JL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">JS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">JX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">LN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">QH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">SN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">SX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">TW</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (PRC)¹ / <a href="/wiki/Zhongxing_New_Village" title="Zhongxing New Village">Zhongxing NV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">ROC</a>)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">YN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">ZJ</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a></li></ul> <p><b>Autonomous Regions:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">GX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">NX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">XJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">XZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Municipalities:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">BJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">CQ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhong District">Yuzhong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">SH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">TJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hexi_District,_Tianjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexi District, Tianjin">Hexi</a></li></ul> <p><b>SARs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>¹ — Taiwan and Fujian are administered as a streamlined provinces by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, but those are claimed by the PRC.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" title="Seoul Metropolitan Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template talk:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Host cities of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1951_Asian_Games" title="1951 Asian Games">1951</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_Asian_Games" title="1954 Asian Games">1954</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1958_Asian_Games" title="1958 Asian Games">1958</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1962_Asian_Games" title="1962 Asian Games">1962</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1966_Asian_Games" title="1966 Asian Games">1966</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_Asian_Games" title="1970 Asian Games">1970</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_Asian_Games" title="1974 Asian Games">1974</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_Asian_Games" title="1978 Asian Games">1978</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1982_Asian_Games" title="1982 Asian Games">1982</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Games" title="1986 Asian Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Asian_Games" title="1994 Asian Games">1994</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Asian_Games" title="1998 Asian Games">1998</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Asian_Games" title="2002 Asian Games">2002</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Games" title="2014 Asian Games">2014</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Asian_Games" title="2018 Asian Games">2018</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">2022</a>:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Asian_Games" title="2026 Asian Games">2026</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Aichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi">Aichi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Asian_Games" title="2030 Asian Games">2030</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2034_Asian_Games" title="2034 Asian Games">2034</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asian_Games_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asian Games logo"><img alt="Asian Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/70px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/105px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/140px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games" title="Asian Winter Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1986 Asian Winter Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1990 Asian Winter Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1996_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1996 Asian Winter Games">1996</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1999_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1999 Asian Winter Games">1999</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gangwon_Province_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangwon Province (South Korea)">Kangwon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2003_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2003 Asian Winter Games">2003</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2007_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2007 Asian Winter Games">2007</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2011 Asian Winter Games">2011</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>-<a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2017 Asian Winter Games">2017</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2025 Asian Winter Games">2025</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2029_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2029 Asian Winter Games">2029</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Trojena" title="Trojena">Trojena</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (37)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (16)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1832" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1832" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4970#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124533589">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1302719/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXm98vQf4fQkcW3jRMyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4229651-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2003032935">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119737437">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119737437">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5f895f22-b335-4ab4-b5f5-1dcbef235126">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027764842">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044330">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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[\"CITEREFGernet,_Jacques1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGernet1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGernet1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHannah_Beech2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolcombe2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHu2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ.M._Dent1908\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMote2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMoule1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiper_Rae_Gaubatz1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPricewaterhousecoopers\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuel_Wells_Williams1848\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalter_Macon_Lowrie,_Presbyterian_church_in_the_U.S.A._Board_of_foreign_missions1854\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorthy1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYule2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhang2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangTaylor2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhou1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFxinhuanet2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŠimalčík2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF浙江省政府办公厅\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 5,\n [\"According to whom\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 3,\n [\"Asian Games host cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-12-15T06:22:37Z","dateModified":"2025-03-19T00:38:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cc\/20201012%E4%BB%8E%E9%92%B1%E5%A1%98%E6%B1%9F%E6%B1%9F%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8A%E7%A9%BA%E8%A7%82%E7%9C%8B%E9%92%B1%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E.jpg","headline":"capital of Zhejiang Province, China"}</script> </body> </html>