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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Inline queries</h1>  <div id="siteSub">From semantic-mediawiki.org</div>  <div id="contentSub" class="small"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Inline_queries&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline queries">Inline queries</a>)</span><div id="sbl-breadcrumbs" class="sbl-breadcrumb-trail-light" dir="ltr"><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-arrow-parent" style=""><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:User_manual" title="Help:User manual">User manual</a></span><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-arrow-right" style=""></span><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-arrow-parent" style=""><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Semantic_search" title="Help:Semantic search">Semantic search</a></span><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-arrow-right" style=""></span><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-arrow-location" style="">Inline queries</span><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-arrow-left" style=""></span><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-arrow-child" style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Examples/Different_link_parameter_options" title="Examples/Different link parameter options">Examples/Different link parameter options</a></span><span class="sbl-breadcrumb-children" data-children="<ul class="sbl-breadcrumb-children-list"><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Querying_for_queries" title="Help:Querying for queries">Querying for queries</a></li></ul>"></span></div></div><div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">Jump to:<a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent">  <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="sil-interlanguagelink"></div> <table cellspacing="0" class="smworgtable-v2" style="position: relative; float: right; clear: right; width: 260px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding-top: 2px">Table of Contents </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-top: 2px"><div id="smworgtable-toc" style="font-size: 90%"><div id="toc" class="toc"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Parser_function_.23ask"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Parser function <b>#ask</b></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Parser_function_.23show"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Parser function <b>#show</b></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Standard_parameters_for_inline_queries"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Standard parameters for inline queries</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Result_limits_and_links_to_further_results"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Result limits and links to further results</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Styling_of_further_results_link"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Styling of further results link</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Introduction_and_default_text"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Introduction and default text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Sorting_results"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sorting results</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Configuring_labels.2Ftable_headers"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Configuring labels/table headers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Changing_the_first_result_column"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Changing the first result column</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Result_formats"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Result formats</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Exporting_query_results"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Exporting query results</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Updating_of_inline_queries"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Updating of inline queries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Avoid_Self-Referencing"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Avoid Self-Referencing</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Related_tips"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Related tips</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki" title="Semantic MediaWiki">Semantic MediaWiki</a> includes a simple query language for <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Semantic_search" title="Help:Semantic search">semantic search</a>, so that users can directly request certain information from the wiki. Readers who do not wish to learn the query syntax can still profit from this feature: <b>inline queries</b> dynamically include query results into pages. So queries created by a few editors can be consumed by many readers. </p><p>Inline queries are similar to other semantic search features, and can also be restricted on a site in order to ensure sufficient performance. Since inline queries exploit the existing caching mechanisms of <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, most requests for a page with such dynamic contents can be served without any performance impact whatsoever. </p> <h2><span id="Parser_function_#ask"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Parser_function_.23ask">Parser function <b><tt>#ask</tt></b></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parser function #ask">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The basic way of writing an inline query is to use the parser function <tt>#ask</tt>. The query string (See <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Selecting_pages" title="Help:Selecting pages">selecting pages</a> for syntax) and any <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_information" title="Help:Displaying information">printout statements</a> are directly given as parameter, like in the following example: </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |?Population |?Area#km² = Size in km² }} </pre> <p>Here we query for all cities located in Germany, and two additional printout statements are used (a simple one and one with some extra settings). This displays the following result on a page: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable smwtable"><tbody><tr><th> </th><th class="Population"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></th><th class="Size-in-km²"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Has_area" title="Property:Has area">Size in km²</a></th></tr><tr data-row-number="1" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Berlin" title="Demo:Berlin">Berlin</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="3520061">3,520,061</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="891.85"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="344.34 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">891.85 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">344.34 sqmi <br /></span></span></td></tr><tr data-row-number="2" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Cologne" title="Demo:Cologne">Cologne</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1080394">1,080,394</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="405.02"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="156.38 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">405.02 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">156.38 sqmi <br /></span></span></td></tr><tr data-row-number="3" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Frankfurt" title="Demo:Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="679664">679,664</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="248.31"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="95.87 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">248.31 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">95.87 sqmi <br /></span></span></td></tr><tr data-row-number="4" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/User:Meredan/Sandbox" title="User:Meredan/Sandbox">Meredan/Sandbox</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1353186">1,353,186</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="310.43"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="119.86 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">310.43 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">119.86 sqmi <br /></span></span></td></tr><tr data-row-number="5" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Munich" title="Demo:Munich">Munich</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1353186">1,353,186</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="310.43"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="119.86 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">310.43 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">119.86 sqmi <br /></span></span></td></tr><tr data-row-number="6" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Stuttgart" title="Demo:Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="606588">606,588</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="207.35"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="80.06 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">207.35 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">80.06 sqmi <br /></span></span></td></tr><tr data-row-number="7" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Demo:Würzburg">Würzburg</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="126635">126,635</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="87.63"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="33.83 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">87.63 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">33.83 sqmi <br /></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is common to put the query as the first parameter behind <tt>#ask:</tt>. All other parameters are separated by <tt>|</tt>, just like for other <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Parser_function" class="extiw" title="mws:Help:Parser function">parser functions</a>. The exact formatting of the inline query is not essential, but it is good to use line breaks to make it more readable to other editors. As with all templates, one line per parameter, starting with the <tt>|</tt> is most accepted in practice. </p><p>Note that all the arguments to the <tt>#ask:</tt> function are ignored by the page parsing, hence the above example does not add a category or a «located in» property annotation to this page. A few more things to note are: </p> <ul><li>The pipe '<tt>|</tt>' symbol is used to separate the conditions from the property to display.</li> <li>The conditions for display are a single argument to the <tt>#ask</tt> function, so there are no '<tt>|</tt>' symbols between them.</li> <li>White space and line breaks can be used within the <tt>#ask</tt> function, SMW is fairly flexible there.</li> <li>The format of the results display changes when you request display of additional properties. SMW picks an appropriate default format for query results, but you also have detailed control of the appearance of query results.</li></ul> <p>Knowing the basics of <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Selecting_pages" title="Help:Selecting pages">query string</a> and <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_information" title="Help:Displaying information">printout statements</a> therefore is enough to write many kinds of queries. But there are many cases where the standard table output of a query may not be the best choice, or where further settings are desired (like the maximum number of results that should be displayed). For this purpose, inline queries have a number of other possible parameters that one can use to control their appearance in detail. The general syntax for <tt>#ask</tt> therefore is the following: </p> <pre>{{#ask: <i>argument 1</i> | <i>argument 2</i> | … }} </pre> <p>Most of this page explains the various arguments one may use in inline queries. </p> <h2><span id="Parser_function_#show"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Parser_function_.23show">Parser function <b><code>#show</code></b></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parser function #show">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>A common usage of queries is to display only a single property value for a single page. For example, one could insert the population of Berlin into some page, and use a query instead of manual copying to achieve this. SMW provides a special shortcut parser function to make such queries simpler: <code>#show</code>. For example, one can write the following to display the population of Berlin on a page: </p> <dl><dt>Syntax</dt></dl> <pre>{{#show: Demo:Berlin |?Population }} </pre> <dl><dt>Result</dt></dl> <p>3,520,061 </p><p>The parser function otherwise works like an inline query, and all parameters available for inline queries can also be used on <code>#show</code> if desired. However note that the <code>#show</code> parser function only takes one argument (a page) as the query condition, i.e. the name of the page that should be queried. </p><p>The above query written with the <code>#ask</code> parser function looks as follows: </p> <dl><dt>Syntax</dt></dl> <pre>{{#ask: [[Demo:Berlin]] |?Population= |mainlabel=- }} </pre> <dl><dt>Result</dt></dl> <p>3,520,061 </p><p>Here the "<code>=</code>" added to the queried property "<code>?Population</code>" removes the display of the property label and parameter "<code>mainlabel=</code>" followed by the "<code>-</code>" symbol removes the first result column and the label of the column. </p><p>Without this, the result would display a table with two columns and rows: </p> <dl><dt>Syntax</dt></dl> <pre>{{#ask: [[Berlin]] |?Population }} </pre> <dl><dt>Result</dt></dl> <table class="sortable wikitable smwtable"><tbody><tr><th> </th><th class="Population"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></th></tr><tr data-row-number="1" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Berlin" title="Demo:Berlin">Berlin</a></td><td class="Population smwtype_num" data-sort-value="3520061">3,520,061</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Standard_parameters_for_inline_queries">Standard parameters for inline queries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Standard parameters for inline queries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In general, an inline query is a request to find a number of <b>pages</b> that satisfy certain requirements. The query must answer three questions: </p> <ol><li>Which pages are requested? (See <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Selecting_pages" title="Help:Selecting pages">Selecting pages</a>)</li> <li>What information should be displayed about those pages? (See <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_information" title="Help:Displaying information">Printout statements</a>)</li> <li>How should the results be formatted within the page? (See <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Result_formats" title="Help:Result formats">Results formats</a>)</li></ol> <p>The first two points are explained in their respective manual pages. The third point is important to smoothly include query results in pages, yet is largely independent of the first two. Without further settings, queries often produce tables like above or simple lists (if no additional printouts are used). An example of another possible format are bulleted lists, which one can create with the parameter <code>format=ul</code>: </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |?Population |format=ul }} </pre> <p>This will produce the following output: </p> <ul class="smw-format ul-format"><li class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Berlin" title="Demo:Berlin">Berlin</a></span></span> (<span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-field-label"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></span>: <span class="smw-value">3,520,061</span></span>)</li><li class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Cologne" title="Demo:Cologne">Cologne</a></span></span> (<span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-field-label"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></span>: <span class="smw-value">1,080,394</span></span>)</li><li class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Frankfurt" title="Demo:Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></span></span> (<span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-field-label"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></span>: <span class="smw-value">679,664</span></span>)</li><li class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/User:Meredan/Sandbox" title="User:Meredan/Sandbox">Meredan/Sandbox</a></span></span> (<span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-field-label"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></span>: <span class="smw-value">1,353,186</span></span>)</li><li class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Munich" title="Demo:Munich">Munich</a></span></span> (<span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-field-label"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></span>: <span class="smw-value">1,353,186</span></span>)</li><li class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Stuttgart" title="Demo:Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></span></span> (<span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-field-label"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></span>: <span class="smw-value">606,588</span></span>)</li><li class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Demo:Würzburg">Würzburg</a></span></span> (<span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-field-label"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Population</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></span>: <span class="smw-value">126,635</span></span>)</li></ul> <p>SMW implements a wide variety of output formats for inline queries, and allows you to further control results display using a MediaWiki template. The parameter <code>format</code> is one of the most important parameters for selecting the appearance of query results. See <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Result_formats" title="Help:Result formats">Results formats</a>. </p><p><br/> The following table gives an overview of common parameters that can be used in basically all queries: </p> <table class="wikitable smw"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameter </th> <th>Possible values </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>format</code> </td> <td>a format name </td> <td>selected output format; some formats allow further parameters (see <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Result_formats" title="Help:Result formats">Result formats</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>limit</code> </td> <td>non-negative number </td> <td>maximal number of pages selected (in the case of a table: rows) <ul><li>see <span class="smw-highlighter smwttinline config-tooltip" data-state="inline"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:$smwgQMaxInlineLimit" title="Help:$smwgQMaxInlineLimit">configuration parameter <code>$smwgQMaxInlineLimit</code></a><span class="smwttcontent">Sets the maximal number of rows <i>ever</i> printed by queries</span></span> and <span class="smw-highlighter smwttinline config-tooltip" data-state="inline"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:$smwgQMaxLimit" title="Help:$smwgQMaxLimit">configuration parameter <code>$smwgQMaxLimit</code></a><span class="smwttcontent">Sets the maximal number of results <i>ever</i> retrieved by queries</span></span> if not all results show</li> <li>see <span class="smw-highlighter smwttinline config-tooltip" data-state="inline"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:$smwgQDefaultLimit" title="Help:$smwgQDefaultLimit">configuration parameter <code>$smwgQDefaultLimit</code></a><span class="smwttcontent">Default number of rows returned in a query. Can be increased with limit=... in <code>#ask</code>.</span></span> to set the default if not specified, or to set the number of pages displayed in the new page if limit = 0</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>offset</code> </td> <td>number </td> <td>where to start selecting pages <p><img alt="Note" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg.png" title="Note" width="20" height="20" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg.png 1.5x, https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/> <b>Note:</b>  If the limit specified with this parameter exceeds the limit set with <span class="smw-highlighter smwttinline config-tooltip" data-state="inline"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:$smwgQUpperbound" title="Help:$smwgQUpperbound">configuration parameter <code>$smwgQUpperbound</code></a><span class="smwttcontent">Sets the upper bound of the offset used for the maximal number of rows ever printed in an embedded query</span></span>, the offset will fallback to the limit of "<code>0</code>".<span id="scite-ref-00430e5b8523682ceeae0def6dc9e2e9-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" data-reference="gh:smw:4263"><a href="#scite-00430e5b8523682ceeae0def6dc9e2e9">1</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>sort</code> </td> <td>property name or a list of property names separated by , </td> <td>name of properties to use for sorting queries, a blank as a value stands for the main result column (see <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Selecting_pages" title="Help:Selecting pages">Selecting pages</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>order</code> </td> <td><code>ascending</code>/<code>asc</code>, <code>descending</code>/<code>desc</code>/<code>reverse</code>, <code>random</code>/<code>rand</code><br/>or a list of those if more than one property is used for sorting </td> <td>defines how results should be ordered, <code>ascending</code> is the default, without using parameter "sort" the sort order of the main result column is set (see <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Selecting_pages" title="Help:Selecting pages">Selecting pages</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>headers</code> </td> <td><code>show</code>, <code>plain</code>, <code>hide</code> </td> <td>Show headers (with links), plain headers (just text) or hide them. <code>show</code> is default </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>mainlabel</code> </td> <td>plain text </td> <td>title of the first column (the one with the page titles in it), default is no title; set to <code>-</code> to suppress printing the page titles </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>index</code> </td> <td>number </td> <td>defines which value within a record should be displayed, only applicable for properties of type <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Type_Record" title="Help:Type Record">Record</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>link</code> </td> <td><code>none</code>, <code>subject</code>, <code>all</code> </td> <td>defines which article names in the result are hyperlinked, <code>all</code> normally is the default. See also the <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Examples/Different_link_parameter_options" title="Examples/Different link parameter options">examples page</a>. <p><img alt="Note" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg.png" title="Note" width="20" height="20" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg.png 1.5x, https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/> <b>Note:</b>  linking can also be controlled for individual printouts using the <i>plain output format</i> as described in <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_information#Display_format" title="Help:Displaying information">Displaying information</a>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>default</code> </td> <td>plain text </td> <td>if, for any reason, the query returns no results, this will be printed instead </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>intro</code> </td> <td>plain text </td> <td>initial text that prepends the output, if at least some results exist </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>outro</code> </td> <td>plain text </td> <td>text that is appended to the output, if at least some results exist </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>searchlabel</code> </td> <td>plain text </td> <td>text for continuing the search (default is «… further results») </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the above, some formats have their own parameters that control special aspects of the format. These special settings are described in the documentation of each format. See also the overview page on <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Ask_syntax" title="Help:Ask syntax">ask syntax elements</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Result_limits_and_links_to_further_results">Result limits and links to further results</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Result limits and links to further results">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>You can set the parameter <code>limit</code> to restrict the maximum number of results that are returned. For example, the query </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |limit=3 }} </pre> <p>displays at most 3 cities in Germany. Even if you do not specify a value for <code>limit</code>, SMW always applies some limit to the results a query returns. Depending on a site's settings, it might be possible to increase the number of displayed results by specifying a higher value for <code>limit</code>. However, there is usually a maximum limit that cannot be exceeded, set by the wiki administrator based on performance considerations. For details, see the overview page on <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration" title="Help:Configuration">configuration parameters</a>. </p><p>Running the above query produces: <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Berlin" title="Demo:Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Cologne" title="Demo:Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Frankfurt" title="Demo:Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a><span class="smw-plainlist-furtherresults"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D-20-5B-5BLocated-20in::Germany-5D-5D/mainlabel%3D/limit%3D3/offset%3D3/format%3Dplainlist" title="Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D-20-5B-5BLocated-20in::Germany-5D-5D/mainlabel=/limit=3/offset=3/format=plainlist">... further results</a></span> </p><p>This shows that whenever a query does not display all results due to a limit, it will normally show a link to «further results». The text of this link can be modified by setting the parameter <code>searchlabel</code>. If the value of <code>searchlabel</code> is empty, then no link to further results appears. Some output formats (see below) never display the search link, or display it only if a <code>searchlabel</code> was specified. </p><p>An interesting application of <code>limit</code> and <code>searchlabel</code> is to display <i>only</i> a link to the results of a search, without showing any result inline. You achieve this by specifying a limit of «0» or «-1». For instance, the query </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] | limit=0 | searchlabel=Click to browse a list of cities }} </pre> <p>displays: <span class="smw-plainlist-furtherresults"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D/mainlabel%3D/offset%3D0/format%3Dplainlist/searchlabel%3DClick-20to-20browse-20a-20list-20of-20cities" title="Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D/mainlabel=/offset=0/format=plainlist/searchlabel=Click-20to-20browse-20a-20list-20of-20cities">Click to browse a list of cities</a></span>. this link will only appear if there are any results at all. In other words, SMW will still compute the query to check if there are any results. If this is not needed, or if a link should be shown in any case, one can use the limit «-1». SMW will then only print a link to further results, even if no results exist at all. This also saves some computation time on the server. </p><p>The query </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] | limit=10 | searchlabel= }} </pre> <p>in contrast will show a list of up to ten cities, but no link to further results, even if there are any. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Styling_of_further_results_link">Styling of further results link</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Styling of further results link">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Since <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki_1.9.0" title="Semantic MediaWiki 1.9.0">SMW 1.9.0</a> it is possible to assign individual CSS styling to each <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Result_formats" title="Help:Result formats">result format's</a> pending "further results" link. See the help page on <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Further_results" title="Help:Further results">styling further results</a> for further information on this. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Introduction_and_default_text">Introduction and default text</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Introduction and default text">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>If no articles satisfy the conditions of a query, <i>nothing is shown</i>. This is sometimes a useful behavior, but often certain texts should be shown or not shown depending on whether the query has results or not. For example, one may want the query to show an output of the following form: </p> <pre>Upcoming conferences: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520/http://semanticweb.org/wiki/SMWCon_Spring_2013" class="extiw" title="semanticweb:SMWCon Spring 2013">SMWCon Spring 2013</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219232520/http://semanticweb.org/wiki/SMWCon_Fall_2013" class="extiw" title="semanticweb:SMWCon Fall 2013">SMWCon Fall 2013</a>, … </pre> <p>where the list of conferences is generated by a suitable query. If the query (for whatever reason) would not return any results, the page would look as follows </p> <pre>Upcoming conferences: </pre> <p>which is not desirable. Two parameters exist to prevent this. </p> <ul><li><code>default</code>: this parameter can be set to a default text that should be returned when no results are obtained. In the above example, one would probably write something like</li></ul> <pre>Upcoming conferences: {{#ask: ... | default=none}} </pre> <dl><dd>so that, if no result is obtained, the article will display</dd></dl> <pre>Upcoming conferences: none </pre> <ul><li><code>intro</code>: this parameter specifies a text that should be prepended to the output of a query, but only if one or more results exist. In the above example, one could write</li></ul> <pre>{{#ask: ... | intro=Upcoming conferences:&nbsp;}} </pre> <dl><dd>so that, if no result is obtained, nothing will be printed at all. Note that we use "&nbsp;" to encode the final space ("&#32;" would have worked as well), because regular whitespace is trimmed off the beginning and end of parser-function parameters.</dd></dl> <p>Both of the above solutions will show the intended output if results are found. It is also possible to combine both parameters if desired. The parameters can also include MediaWiki markup, such as links or templates, as long as this does not confuse MediaWiki in recognizing the <code>#ask</code> function. </p><p>Also note that if the set of pages selected in a query is empty, no header row or blank line, not even any blank space, is produced. This can also be useful to «hide» queries that are not applicable. <b>However, it is not recommended to insert great amounts of queries into every page, based on the assumption that this can do no harm since no output is generated.</b> Indeed, answering queries requires much computational resources and should not be done without a purpose. </p><p>Using default texts for queries is also a good habit in general, since it may happen that a query will no longer have any results in some future, e.g. due to changes in the way the wiki organizes its data. Such queries that once worked properly may be forgotten so that nobody notices the query on a page laboring to display nothing. </p><p>Note that in cases you want to display only a single property value for a single page (see <a href="#Parser_function_.23show">#show</a>), the parameter <code>default</code> does not work since you are actually not querying for pages. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sorting_results">Sorting results</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sorting results">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>It has been explained in <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Selecting_pages" title="Help:Selecting pages">Selecting pages</a> that query results can be ordered by one or more properties. As explained there, <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Ask" title="Special:Ask">Special:Ask</a> has additional input fields to specify sort properties and ordering. In inline queries, sort properties are defined with the parameter <code>sort</code>, and the order can be set with the parameter <code>order</code>. The value of <code>order</code> should be <code>«ascending»</code>, <code>«descending»</code> or <code>«reverse»</code>, or one of the short forms <code>«asc»</code> and <code>«desc»</code>. You can also set the value to <code>«random»</code> (or <code>«rand»</code>) for ordering results in an essentially random way (this feature can be disabled by the site administrator, see <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration" title="Help:Configuration">Configuration</a>). An example is the following query for the three largest cities in Germany: </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |?Population |sort=Population |order=descending |limit=3 }} </pre> <p>As explained in <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Selecting_pages" title="Help:Selecting pages">Selecting pages</a>, sorting conditions may impose restrictions on the set of query results. In the above case, only German cities that have a value for population are considered. If more than one property is used for sorting, the parameters <code>sort</code> and <code>order</code> can be set to lists of property names and orders, respectively, separated by commas. The following is an example: </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |?State |?Population |sort=State,Population |order=ascending,descending }} </pre> <p>This query would return all German cities for which a state and population was specified. These results will be ordered by the name of the state they are located in (ordered alphabetically). Cities that are located in the same state will be ordered by their population, largest first («<code>descending</code>»). </p><p>It is also possible to explicitly define the main result column to be used for the sorting when more than one sorting condition should be used. This is done by either prepending or appending a comma to an empty statement. Example: </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |?State |?Population |sort=State, |order=ascending,descending }} </pre> <p>This query would return all German cities for which a state was specified. These results will be ordered by the name of the state they are located in (ordered alphabetically). Cities that are located in the same state will be ordered alphabetically (descending) by their name. </p> <h3><span id="Configuring_labels/table_headers"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Configuring_labels.2Ftable_headers">Configuring labels/table headers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Configuring labels/table headers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Queries that return more than just the selected articles (e.g. the population in the above example) will display labels that describe the various output fields. By default, the label just displays the name of the requested property, or the text «Category» if categories are displayed. Labels for properties normally display as a link to the respective pages in the Property: namespace. </p><p>In the table format, the labels appear as column headers. In other formats, the labels might appear right before the output fields. The texts used for these labels can be controlled as explained in <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_information" title="Help:Displaying information">Displaying information</a>, using the equality symbol after printouts. Example: </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Population::+]] [[Area::+]] |?Population= |?Area#km²=Size in km² |?Category=Category memberships |format=table |default=nothing found in Category:City }} </pre> <p>This query will produce: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable smwtable"><tbody><tr><th> </th><th> </th><th class="Size-in-km²"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Has_area" title="Property:Has area">Size in km²</a></th><th class="Category-memberships"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category memberships</a></th></tr><tr data-row-number="1" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Amsterdam" title="Demo:Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="783364">783,364</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="219"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="84.56 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">219.00 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">84.56 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Europe (page does not exist)">Europe</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="2" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Berlin" title="Demo:Berlin">Berlin</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="3520061">3,520,061</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="891.85"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="344.34 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">891.85 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">344.34 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="3" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Cologne" title="Demo:Cologne">Cologne</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1080394">1,080,394</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="405.02"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="156.38 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">405.02 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">156.38 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="4" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Frankfurt" title="Demo:Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="679664">679,664</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="248.31"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="95.87 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">248.31 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">95.87 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="5" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="294761">294,761</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="173.46"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="66.97 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">173.46 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">66.97 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="6" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:London" title="Demo:London">London</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="7825200">7,825,200</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="1706.8"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="659.00 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">1,706.80 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">659.00 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="7" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/User:Meredan/Sandbox" title="User:Meredan/Sandbox">Meredan/Sandbox</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1353186">1,353,186</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="310.43"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="119.86 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">310.43 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">119.86 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Megapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Megapolis (page does not exist)">Megapolis</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="8" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Munich" title="Demo:Munich">Munich</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1353186">1,353,186</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="310.43"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="119.86 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">310.43 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">119.86 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="9" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Paris" title="Demo:Paris">Paris</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="2234105">2,234,105</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="105.4"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="40.69 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">105.40 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">40.69 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Popular_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Popular City (page does not exist)">Popular City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="10" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="237.584">237.584</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="41.66"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="16.08 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">41.66 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">16.08 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="11" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="2761477">2,761,477</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="1285.31"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="496.26 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">1,285.31 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">496.26 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="12" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:San_Diego" title="Demo:San Diego">San Diego</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1307402">1,307,402</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="963.6"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="372.05 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">963.60 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">372.05 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="13" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Stuttgart" title="Demo:Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="606588">606,588</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="207.35"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="80.06 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">207.35 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">80.06 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="14" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Sydney" title="Demo:Sydney">Sydney</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="4575532">4,575,532</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="2058"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="794.59 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">2,058.00 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">794.59 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="15" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1897">1,897<br/>1,888,776</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="414.87"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="160.18 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">414.87 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">160.18 sqmi <br /></span></span><br/><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="414,600,000.00 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">1,073,815,073.82 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">414,600,000.00 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Capital (page does not exist)">Capital</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="16" class="row-even"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1720398">1,720,398</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="516.9"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="199.58 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">516.90 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">199.58 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Sample_pages" title="Category:Sample pages">Sample pages</a><br/><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="17" class="row-odd"><td class="smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Demo:Würzburg">Würzburg</a></td><td class="smwtype_num" data-sort-value="126635">126,635</td><td class="Size-in-km² smwtype_qty" data-sort-value="87.63"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="3" data-state="inline" data-title="Unit conversion" title="33.83 sqmi"><span class="smwtext">87.63 km²</span><span class="smwttcontent">33.83 sqmi <br /></span></span></td><td class="Category-memberships smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:City" title="Category:City">City</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is possible to use empty printout labels or to have no label for a result column at all. In tables, however, the table header will still be shown even if all printouts use empty labels. To remove the header of a table completely, the parameter <code>headers</code> can be used. Three values are possible: </p> <ul><li><code>show</code>: display labels (default)</li> <li><code>plain</code>: show labels and headers, but a plain text without links (available since SMW 1.4.3)</li> <li><code>hide</code>: hide all labels and table headers</li></ul> <p>This setting works for tables as well as for other outputs. In the latter case, the value <code>hide</code> will hide all printout labels, even if they have a non-empty label set in the query. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Changing_the_first_result_column">Changing the first result column</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Changing the first result column">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Most queries by default display the actual result pages in the first result position, e.g. as the first column in a table. The header of this column is usually blank. To change the label, or to hide the whole first column, the parameter <code>mainlabel</code> can be used. Normally, the text given to that parameter will simply be used as a header for the first column, for example in the query </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |mainlabel=City |?Population=Number of inhabitants |limit=3 }} </pre> <p>This will produce the table: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable smwtable"><tbody><tr><th class="City">City</th><th class="Number-of-inhabitants"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Number of inhabitants</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></th></tr><tr data-row-number="1" class="row-odd"><td class="City smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Berlin" title="Demo:Berlin">Berlin</a></td><td class="Number-of-inhabitants smwtype_num" data-sort-value="3520061">3,520,061</td></tr><tr data-row-number="2" class="row-even"><td class="City smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Cologne" title="Demo:Cologne">Cologne</a></td><td class="Number-of-inhabitants smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1080394">1,080,394</td></tr><tr data-row-number="3" class="row-odd"><td class="City smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Frankfurt" title="Demo:Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></td><td class="Number-of-inhabitants smwtype_num" data-sort-value="679664">679,664</td></tr><tr class="smwfooter row-even"><td class="sortbottom" colspan="2"><span class="smw-table-furtherresults"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D-20-5B-5BLocated-20in::Germany-5D-5D/-3FPopulation%3DNumber-20of-20inhabitants/mainlabel%3DCity/limit%3D3/offset%3D3/format%3Dtable" title="Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D-20-5B-5BLocated-20in::Germany-5D-5D/-3FPopulation=Number-20of-20inhabitants/mainlabel=City/limit=3/offset=3/format=table">... further results</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The parameter <code>mainlabel</code> can also be used to completely hide the first column. This happens if the value of this parameter is set to «-» (minus symbol). To insert the list of main results at another position, the printout statement «?», i.e. the question mark without any additions, can be used. For example, modifying the example above to display the city name after Population, </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Located in::Germany]] |?Population=Number of inhabitants |?=City |mainlabel=- |limit=3 }} </pre> <p>This results in the table: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable smwtable"><tbody><tr><th class="Number-of-inhabitants"><span class="smw-highlighter" data-type="1" data-state="inline" data-title="Property" title="The number of inhabitants of some geographical place."><span class="smwtext"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Property:Population" title="Property:Population">Number of inhabitants</a></span><span class="smwttcontent">The number of inhabitants of some geographical place.</span></span></th><th class="City">City</th></tr><tr data-row-number="1" class="row-odd"><td class="Number-of-inhabitants smwtype_num" data-sort-value="3520061">3,520,061</td><td class="City smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Berlin" title="Demo:Berlin">Berlin</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="2" class="row-even"><td class="Number-of-inhabitants smwtype_num" data-sort-value="1080394">1,080,394</td><td class="City smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Cologne" title="Demo:Cologne">Cologne</a></td></tr><tr data-row-number="3" class="row-odd"><td class="Number-of-inhabitants smwtype_num" data-sort-value="679664">679,664</td><td class="City smwtype_wpg"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Demo:Frankfurt" title="Demo:Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></td></tr><tr class="smwfooter row-even"><td class="sortbottom" colspan="2"><span class="smw-table-furtherresults"><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D-20-5B-5BLocated-20in::Germany-5D-5D/-3FPopulation%3DNumber-20of-20inhabitants/-3F%3DCity/mainlabel%3D-2D/limit%3D3/offset%3D3/format%3Dtable" title="Special:Ask/-5B-5BCategory:City-5D-5D-20-5B-5BLocated-20in::Germany-5D-5D/-3FPopulation=Number-20of-20inhabitants/-3F=City/mainlabel=-2D/limit=3/offset=3/format=table">... further results</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Result_formats">Result formats</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Result formats">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The parameter format determines how the results of a query are displayed in the article. For more info, see the <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Result_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Result formats">Result formats</a> page. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Exporting_query_results">Exporting query results</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Exporting query results">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Some SMW's result formats (<span class="smw-format list-format"><span class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value">csv</span></span></span>, <span class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value">dsv</span></span></span>, <span class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value">json</span></span></span>, <span class="smw-row"><span class="smw-field"><span class="smw-value">rdf</span></span></span></span>) enable data export from the wiki. In addition, other formats defined by the <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Semantic_Result_Formats" title="Extension:Semantic Result Formats">Extension "Semantic Result Formats"</a> extension () also enable data export. These formats differ from other formats in two ways: </p> <ol><li>Instead of displaying data on the page, they produce only a link to <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Ask" title="Special:Ask">Special:Ask</a>, which in turn outputs the data in a downloadable form. (This link is similar to the normal «further results» link, though it uses different default text, like «RSS»; it is possible to change the link text with the parameter <tt>searchlabel</tt>.)</li> <li>They use fixed standard formats for exporting (non-fixed, free-form) wiki content. Hence, for formats other than CSV and DSV, it must be explained which wiki properties belong to which part of the data export format.</li></ol> <p>The second point makes it necessary to relate printout statements (properties) to the data fields available in the export format. For example, <i>vCard</i> is a data format that can encode many kinds of contact data about a person, but it cannot represent arbitrary properties. To specify which wiki properties belong to which of the available data fields, the label of the property printout is used. For example, vCard supports (among many others) the data fields «firstname», «lastname» and «homepage». A query could thus be </p> <pre>{{#ask: [[Category:Person]] |?Firstname |?Lastname |?Url = homepage |format=vcard }} </pre> <p>Here the wiki would have properties called «firstname» and «lastname», but the homepage of a person is stored in a property called «url». The label «homepage» is given to the latter so that vCard recognizes the special meaning of this property. With this method, wikis can use arbitrary property names (in any language) and still export to standard formats. See the pages of the above formats for details on the data fields they support. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Updating_of_inline_queries">Updating of inline queries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Updating of inline queries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/FAQ#Why_doesn.27t_data_I_have_just_added_show_up_in_queries.3F" title="FAQ">Why doesn't data I have just added show up in queries?</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Avoid_Self-Referencing">Avoid Self-Referencing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Avoid Self-Referencing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>See <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Self-Referencing" title="Help:Self-Referencing">Help:Self-Referencing</a> for information about how using an <a class="mw-selflink selflink">inline query</a> for a property set on the same page can cause unexpected behavior. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_tips">Related tips</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Inline_queries&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Related tips">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>Tip on <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Excluding_a_page_from_an_inline_query" title="Help:Excluding a page from an inline query">excluding a page from an inline query</a></li> <li>Tip on <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Adding_specific_pages_to_an_inline_query" title="Help:Adding specific pages to an inline query">adding specific pages to an inline query</a></li> <li>Tip on <a href="/web/20230219232520/https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Image_tips" title="Help:Image tips">adding/displaying images in an inline query</a></li></ul> <p><br/> </p>   </div>  <div class="scite-content"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <div class="scite-referencelist responsive-list-mono" dir="ltr"><div class="scite-referencelist-columns-responsive-mono" style="width:100%;" dir="ltr"><ol start="1"><li id="scite-00430e5b8523682ceeae0def6dc9e2e9"><span class="scite-referencelinks"><a 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