CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hoover Dam - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3be59ecc-3280-42a7-9138-e9b5a47726d6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hoover_Dam","wgTitle":"Hoover Dam","wgCurRevisionId":1257458707,"wgRevisionId":1257458707,"wgArticleId":14308,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Featured articles","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Wikipedia pending changes protected pages","Use American English from April 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from September 2019","Coordinates on Wikidata","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Hoover Dam","1936 establishments in Arizona","1936 establishments in Nevada", "Arch-gravity dams","Art Deco architecture in Arizona","Presidential memorials in the United States","Buildings and structures in Clark County, Nevada","Buildings and structures in Mohave County, Arizona","Dams completed in 1936","Dams in Arizona","Dams in Nevada","Dams on the Colorado River","Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada","Energy infrastructure completed in 1939","Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places","Engineering projects","Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona","Historic American Engineering Record in Nevada","Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks","Hydroelectric power plants in Arizona","Hydroelectric power plants in Nevada","Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona","Lake Mead National Recreation Area","Lake Mead","Naming controversies","National Historic Landmarks in Arizona","National Historic Landmarks in Nevada", "National Register of Historic Places in Mohave County, Arizona","PWA Moderne architecture","Tourist attractions in Clark County, Nevada","Tourist attractions in Mohave County, Arizona","U.S. Route 93","United States Bureau of Reclamation dams"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hoover_Dam","wgRelevantArticleId":14308,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1257458707,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false, "wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":36.01555555555556,"lon":-114.73777777777778},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q172822","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg/1200px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="961"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg/800px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg/640px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hoover Dam - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hoover_Dam rootpage-Hoover_Dam skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hoover+Dam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hoover+Dam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hoover+Dam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hoover+Dam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Search_for_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_for_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Search for resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_for_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planning_and_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning_and_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Planning and agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning_and_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design,_preparation_and_contracting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design,_preparation_and_contracting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Design, preparation and contracting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design,_preparation_and_contracting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Construction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Labor_force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor_force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Labor force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labor_force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-River_diversion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#River_diversion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>River diversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-River_diversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groundworks,_rock_clearance_and_grout_curtain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groundworks,_rock_clearance_and_grout_curtain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Groundworks, rock clearance and grout curtain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groundworks,_rock_clearance_and_grout_curtain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concrete" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concrete"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Concrete</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concrete-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dedication_and_completion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dedication_and_completion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Dedication and completion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dedication_and_completion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Construction deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architectural_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectural_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Architectural style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectural_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Power_plant_and_water_demands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_plant_and_water_demands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Power plant and water demands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_plant_and_water_demands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Power_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Power distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spillways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spillways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Spillways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spillways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roadway_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roadway_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Roadway and tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roadway_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environmental impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Naming controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cited_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Cited works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoover Dam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1" title="سد هوفر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سد هوفر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_Hoover" title="Presa Hoover – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presa Hoover" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A7" title="হুভার বাঁধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হুভার বাঁধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Плаціна Гувера – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плаціна Гувера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A6_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="ВЕЦ Хувър Дам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ВЕЦ Хувър Дам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverova_brana" title="Hooverova brana – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hooverova brana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_Hoover" title="Presa Hoover – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Presa Hoover" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam_(alihan_sa_tubig_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Arizona)" title="Hoover Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Arizona) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hoover Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Arizona)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverova_p%C5%99ehrada" title="Hooverova přehrada – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hooverova přehrada" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hoover Dam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hoover Dam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%AB%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%83_%DE%91%DE%AD%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ހޫވަރ ޑޭމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހޫވަރ ޑޭމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooveri_pais" title="Hooveri pais – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hooveri pais" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Φράγμα Χούβερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φράγμα Χούβερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_Hoover" title="Presa Hoover – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presa Hoover" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvobara%C4%B5o_Hoover" title="Akvobaraĵo Hoover – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akvobaraĵo Hoover" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_presa" title="Hoover presa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hoover presa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سد هوور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سد هوور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage_Hoover" title="Barrage Hoover – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barrage Hoover" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverdaam" title="Hooverdaam – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hooverdaam" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damba_Hoover" title="Damba Hoover – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Damba Hoover" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoro_Hoover" title="Encoro Hoover – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encoro Hoover" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EB%B2%84_%EB%8C%90" title="후버 댐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후버 댐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Հուվերի ամբարտակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հուվերի ամբարտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7" title="हूवर बांध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हूवर बांध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverova_brana" title="Hooverova brana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hooverova brana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan_Hoover" title="Bendungan Hoover – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendungan Hoover" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga_di_Hoover" title="Diga di Hoover – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diga di Hoover" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8" title="סכר הובר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סכר הובר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huva_l%C9%A9%C5%8Bgam%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Huva lɩŋgamʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Huva lɩŋgamʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81" title="ಹೂವರ್ ಆಣೆಕಟ್ಟು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೂವರ್ ಆಣೆಕಟ್ಟು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჰუვერის კაშხალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰუვერის კაშხალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Гувер бөгеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гувер бөгеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B5" title="ເຂື່ອນຮູເວີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຂື່ອນຮູເວີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moles_Hooverana" title="Moles Hooverana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Moles Hooverana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%ABvera_aizsprosts" title="Hūvera aizsprosts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hūvera aizsprosts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huverio_u%C5%BEtvanka" title="Huverio užtvanka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Huverio užtvanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover-g%C3%A1t" title="Hoover-gát – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hoover-gát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹൂവർ അണക്കെട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൂവർ അണക്കെട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="हूवर धरण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हूवर धरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empangan_Hoover" title="Empangan Hoover – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empangan Hoover" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverdam" title="Hooverdam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hooverdam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" title="フーバーダム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フーバーダム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverdammen" title="Hooverdammen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hooverdammen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF" title="د هوور بند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د هوور بند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapora_Hoovera" title="Zapora Hoovera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapora Hoovera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Represa_Hoover" title="Represa Hoover – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Represa Hoover" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barajul_Hoover" title="Barajul Hoover – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Barajul Hoover" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Плотина Гувера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плотина Гувера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hoover Dam" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD" title="හූවර් වේල්ල – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හූවර් වේල්ල" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hoover Dam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hoover Dam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverjev_jez" title="Hooverjev jez – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hooverjev jez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%A4%DB%95%D8%B1" title="بەنداوی ھوڤەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەنداوی ھوڤەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хуверова брана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хуверова брана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverova_brana" title="Hooverova brana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hooverova brana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverin_pato" title="Hooverin pato – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hooverin pato" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverdammen" title="Hooverdammen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hooverdammen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="ஊவர் அணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊவர் அணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="హూవర్ డామ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హూవర్ డామ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เขื่อนฮูเวอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขื่อนฮูเวอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Baraj%C4%B1" title="Hoover Barajı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hoover Barajı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гребля Гувера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гребля Гувера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADp_Hoover" title="Đập Hoover – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đập Hoover" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D" title="胡佛水坝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡佛水坝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%A9" title="胡佛大壩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="胡佛大壩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" title="胡佛水壩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡佛水壩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172822#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hoover_Dam" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hoover_Dam" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hoover_Dam" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&oldid=1257458707" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hoover_Dam&id=1257458707&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHoover_Dam"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHoover_Dam"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hoover_Dam&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hoover_Dam" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172822" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hoover_Dam&params=36_0_56_N_114_44_16_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°0′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°44′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.01556°N 114.73778°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.01556; -114.73778</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Hoover_Dam">reviewed</a> on <i>15 November 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dam in Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hoover Dam (disambiguation)">Hoover Dam (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Boulder Dam" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Dam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Boulder Dam (disambiguation)">Boulder Dam (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dam in Arizona, U.S.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:skyblue;">Hoover Dam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg/250px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg/375px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg/500px-Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2964" data-file-height="2373" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hoover Dam by <a href="/wiki/Ansel_Adams" title="Ansel Adams">Ansel Adams</a>, 1941</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Hoover Dam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada">Clark County, Nevada</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mohave_County,_Arizona" title="Mohave County, Arizona">Mohave County, Arizona</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Power, flood control, water storage, regulation, recreation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Operational</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction began</th><td class="infobox-data">1931</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening date</th><td class="infobox-data">1936<span class="noprint"><br />(88 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction cost</th><td class="infobox-data">$49 million (1931 budget)<br />($790 million in 2023 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">United States government</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">U.S. Bureau of Reclamation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Dam and spillways</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dam#Types" title="Dam">Type of dam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Concrete gravity-arch dam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Impounds</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">726.4 ft (221.4 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1,244 ft (379 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation at crest</th><td class="infobox-data">1,232 ft (376 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width (crest)</th><td class="infobox-data">45 ft (14 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width (base)</th><td class="infobox-data">660 ft (200 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dam volume</th><td class="infobox-data">3,250,000 cu yd (2,480,000 m<sup>3</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway type</th><td class="infobox-data">2 controlled Drum-Gate, Side channel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">400,000 cu ft/s (11,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Reservoir</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead" title="Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">28,537,000 acre⋅ft (35.200 km<sup>3</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">15,853,000 acre⋅ft (19.554 km<sup>3</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inactive capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">10,024,000 acre⋅ft (12.364 km<sup>3</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">167,800 sq mi (435,000 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">247 sq mi (640 km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-meadfaq_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meadfaq-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum length</th><td class="infobox-data">112 mi (180 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum water depth</th><td class="infobox-data">590 ft (180 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Normal elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,219 ft (372 m)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Power Station</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">U.S. Bureau of Reclamation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commission date</th><td class="infobox-data">1936–1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_head" title="Hydraulic head">Hydraulic head</a></th><td class="infobox-data">590 ft (180 m) (Max)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Water_turbine" title="Water turbine">Turbines</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>13 × 130 MW</li><li>2 × 127 MW</li><li>1 × 68.5 MW</li><li>1 × 61.5 MW <small><a href="/wiki/Francis-type" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis-type">Francis-type</a></small></li><li>2 × 2.4 MW <small><a href="/wiki/Pelton-type" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelton-type">Pelton-type</a></small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">Installed capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,078.8 MW</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">Capacity factor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Net_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Net generation">Annual generation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.3 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">TWh</a> (12 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">PJ</a>) (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Las_Vegas_Sun_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Las_Vegas_Sun-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030622043404/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/">Bureau of Reclamation: Lower Colorado Region - Hoover Dam</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Hoover Dam</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Aerial_view_Hoover_Dam_4774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2017_Aerial_view_Hoover_Dam_4774.jpg/250px-2017_Aerial_view_Hoover_Dam_4774.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2017_Aerial_view_Hoover_Dam_4774.jpg/375px-2017_Aerial_view_Hoover_Dam_4774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2017_Aerial_view_Hoover_Dam_4774.jpg/500px-2017_Aerial_view_Hoover_Dam_4774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Nevada_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hoover Dam is located in Nevada"><img alt="Hoover Dam is located in Nevada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/USA_Nevada_location_map.svg/235px-USA_Nevada_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/USA_Nevada_location_map.svg/353px-USA_Nevada_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/USA_Nevada_location_map.svg/470px-USA_Nevada_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="1297" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.718%;left:86.487%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hoover Dam"><img alt="Hoover Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Nevada</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Region_West_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hoover Dam is located in USA West"><img alt="Hoover Dam is located in USA West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/USA_Region_West_location_map.svg/235px-USA_Region_West_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/USA_Region_West_location_map.svg/353px-USA_Region_West_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/USA_Region_West_location_map.svg/470px-USA_Region_West_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1568" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.606%;left:45.781%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hoover Dam"><img alt="Hoover Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of USA West</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hoover Dam is located in the United States"><img alt="Hoover Dam is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/235px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/353px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/470px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.506%;left:17.52%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hoover Dam"><img alt="Hoover Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Nearest city</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Boulder_City,_Nevada" title="Boulder City, Nevada">Boulder City, Nevada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hoover_Dam&params=36_0_56_N_114_44_16_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°0′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°44′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.01556°N 114.73778°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.01556; -114.73778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1933</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Six Companies, Inc. (structural), <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kaufmann" title="Gordon Kaufmann">Gordon Kaufmann</a> (exteriors)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Multiple_Property_Submission" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple Property Submission">MPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Vehicular Bridges in Arizona MPS (AD)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/81000382">81000382</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">First Power Generation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">September 11, 1936<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">April 8, 1981<sup id="cite_ref-nrhp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">August 20, 1985<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hoover Dam</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> <a href="/wiki/Arch-gravity_dam" title="Arch-gravity dam">arch-gravity dam</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Colorado" title="Black Canyon of the Colorado">Black Canyon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado River (U.S.)">Colorado River</a>, on the border between the U.S. states of <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. Constructed between 1931 and 1936, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>, it was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over 100 lives. In bills passed by Congress during its construction, it was referred to as the Hoover Dam, after President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>, but was named <b>Boulder Dam</b> by the Roosevelt administration. In 1947, the name Hoover Dam was restored by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>. </p><p>Since about 1900, the Black Canyon and nearby <a href="/wiki/Boulder_Canyon_(Colorado_River)" title="Boulder Canyon (Colorado River)">Boulder Canyon</a> had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water, and produce <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power">hydroelectric power</a>. In 1928, Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium named <a href="/wiki/Six_Companies,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Six Companies, Inc.">Six Companies, Inc.</a>, which began construction in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques used were unproven. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. </p><p>Hoover Dam impounds <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead" title="Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a> and is located near <a href="/wiki/Boulder_City,_Nevada" title="Boulder City, Nevada">Boulder City, Nevada</a>, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about 30 mi (48 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction, with 7 million tourists a year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heavily traveled <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_93" title="U.S. Route 93">U.S. Route 93</a> (US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when the <a href="/wiki/Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge" title="Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge">Hoover Dam Bypass</a> opened. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Search_for_resources">Search for resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Search for resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover-dam-site.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hoover-dam-site.jpg/220px-Hoover-dam-site.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hoover-dam-site.jpg/330px-Hoover-dam-site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hoover-dam-site.jpg/440px-Hoover-dam-site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>River view of the future dam site, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1904</span></figcaption></figure> <p>As the United States developed the Southwest, the Colorado River was seen as a potential source of irrigation water. An initial attempt at diverting the river for irrigation purposes occurred in the late 1890s, when land speculator William Beatty built the <a href="/wiki/Alamo_Canal" title="Alamo Canal">Alamo Canal</a> just north of the Mexican border; the canal dipped into Mexico before running to a desolate area Beatty named the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201020–27_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201020–27-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though water from the Alamo Canal allowed for the widespread settlement of the valley, the canal proved expensive to operate. After a catastrophic breach that caused the Colorado River to fill the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201041–50_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201041–50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> spent $3 million in 1906–07 to stabilize the waterway, an amount it hoped in vain that it would be reimbursed for by the federal government. Even after the waterway was stabilized, it proved unsatisfactory because of constant disputes with landowners on the Mexican side of the border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201057–60_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201057–60-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the technology of <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">electric power transmission</a> improved, the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Valley" title="Lower Colorado River Valley">Lower Colorado</a> was considered for its <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a>-power potential. In 1902, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Edison" title="Southern California Edison">Edison Electric Company of Los Angeles</a> surveyed the river in the hope of building a 40-foot (12 m) rock dam which could generate 10,000 horsepower (7,500 kW). However, <a href="/wiki/War_of_currents" class="mw-redirect" title="War of currents">at the time</a>, the limit of transmission of electric power was 80 miles (130 km), and there were few customers (mostly mines) within that limit. Edison allowed land options it held on the river to lapse—including an option for what became the site of Hoover Dam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201055–56_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201055–56-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following years, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a> (BOR), known as the Reclamation Service at the time, also considered the Lower Colorado as the site for a dam. Service chief <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Powell_Davis" title="Arthur Powell Davis">Arthur Powell Davis</a> proposed using dynamite to collapse the walls of Boulder Canyon,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201058–59_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201058–59-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 20 miles (32 km) north of the eventual dam site, into the river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river would carry off the smaller pieces of debris, and a dam would be built incorporating the remaining rubble. In 1922, after considering it for several years, the Reclamation Service finally rejected the proposal, citing doubts about the unproven technique and questions as to whether it would, in fact, save money.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201058–59_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201058–59-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planning_and_agreements">Planning and agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Planning and agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1922, the Reclamation Service presented a report calling for the development of a dam on the Colorado River for flood control and electric power generation. The report was principally authored by Davis and was called the Fall-Davis report after Interior Secretary <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fall" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Fall">Albert Fall</a>. The Fall-Davis report cited use of the Colorado River as a federal concern because the river's basin covered several states, and the river eventually entered Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201067_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201067-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the Fall-Davis report called for a dam "at or near Boulder Canyon", the Reclamation Service (which was renamed the Bureau of Reclamation the following year) found that canyon unsuitable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201068_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201068-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One potential site at Boulder Canyon was bisected by a <a href="/wiki/Geologic_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic fault">geologic fault</a>; two others were so narrow there was no space for a construction camp at the bottom of the canyon<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201068_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201068-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or for a spillway. The Service investigated Black Canyon and found it ideal; a railway could be laid from the railhead in Las Vegas to the top of the dam site.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the site change, the dam project was referred to as the "Boulder Canyon Project".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198826–27_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198826–27-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulder_damsite_sketch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boulder_damsite_sketch.jpg/220px-Boulder_damsite_sketch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boulder_damsite_sketch.jpg/330px-Boulder_damsite_sketch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boulder_damsite_sketch.jpg/440px-Boulder_damsite_sketch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Sketch of the proposed dam site and reservoir, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1921</span></figcaption></figure> <p>With little guidance on water allocation from the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>, proponents of the dam feared endless litigation. Delph Carpenter, a Colorado attorney, proposed that the seven states which fell within the river's basin (California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming) form an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">interstate compact</a>, with the approval of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such compacts were authorized by <a href="/wiki/Article_I_of_the_United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Article I of the United States Constitution">Article I of the United States Constitution</a> but had never been concluded among more than two states. In 1922, representatives of seven states met with then-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201073–79_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201073–79-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial talks produced no result, but when the Supreme Court handed down the <i><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_v._Colorado" title="Wyoming v. Colorado">Wyoming v. Colorado</a></i> decision undermining the claims of the upstream states, they became anxious to reach an agreement. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Compact" title="Colorado River Compact">Colorado River Compact</a> was signed on November 24, 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201081–87_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201081–87-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legislation to authorize the dam was introduced repeatedly by two California Republicans, Representative <a href="/wiki/Phil_Swing" title="Phil Swing">Phil Swing</a> and Senator <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a>, but representatives from other parts of the country considered the project as hugely expensive and one that would mostly benefit California. The <a href="/wiki/1927_Mississippi_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="1927 Mississippi flood">1927 Mississippi flood</a> made Midwestern and Southern congressmen and senators more sympathetic toward the dam project. On March 12, 1928, the failure of the <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Dam" title="St. Francis Dam">St. Francis Dam</a>, constructed by the city of Los Angeles, caused a disastrous flood that killed up to 600 people. As that dam was a curved-gravity type,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar in design to the arch-gravity as was proposed for the Black Canyon dam, opponents claimed that the Black Canyon dam's safety could not be guaranteed. Congress authorized a board of engineers to review plans for the proposed dam. The Colorado River Board found the project feasible, but warned that should the dam fail, every downstream Colorado River community would be destroyed, and that the river might change course and empty into the Salton Sea. The Board cautioned: "To avoid such possibilities, the proposed dam should be constructed on conservative if not ultra-conservative lines."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2010_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 21, 1928, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">President Coolidge</a> signed the bill authorizing the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010118_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010118-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Boulder Canyon Project Act<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appropriated $165 million for the project along with the downstream <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Dam" title="Imperial Dam">Imperial Dam</a> and <a href="/wiki/All-American_Canal" title="All-American Canal">All-American Canal</a>, a replacement for Beatty's canal entirely on the U.S. side of the border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198827_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198827-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also permitted the compact to go into effect when at least six of the seven states approved it. This occurred on March 6, 1929, with Utah's ratification; Arizona did not approve it until 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010120_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010120-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design,_preparation_and_contracting"><span id="Design.2C_preparation_and_contracting"></span>Design, preparation and contracting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design, preparation and contracting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover-dam-contour-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hoover-dam-contour-map.jpg/220px-Hoover-dam-contour-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hoover-dam-contour-map.jpg/330px-Hoover-dam-contour-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hoover-dam-contour-map.jpg/440px-Hoover-dam-contour-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Hoover Dam architectural plans</figcaption></figure> <p>Even before Congress approved the Boulder Canyon Project, the Bureau of Reclamation was considering what kind of dam should be used. Officials eventually decided on a massive concrete <a href="/wiki/Arch-gravity_dam" title="Arch-gravity dam">arch-gravity dam</a>, the design of which was overseen by the Bureau's chief design engineer <a href="/wiki/John_L._Savage" title="John L. Savage">John L. Savage</a>. The monolithic dam would be thick at the bottom and thin near the top and would present a convex face towards the water above the dam. The curving arch of the dam would transmit the water's force into the abutments, in this case the rock walls of the canyon. The wedge-shaped dam would be 660 ft (200 m) thick at the bottom, narrowing to 45 ft (14 m) at the top, leaving room for a highway connecting Nevada and Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198827–28_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198827–28-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 10, 1931, the Bureau made the bid documents available to interested parties, at five dollars a copy. The government was to provide the materials, and the contractor was to prepare the site and build the dam. The dam was described in minute detail, covering 100 pages of text and 76 drawings. A $2 million <a href="/wiki/Bid_bond" title="Bid bond">bid bond</a> was to accompany each bid; the winner would have to post a $5 million <a href="/wiki/Performance_bond" title="Performance bond">performance bond</a>. The contractor had seven years to build the dam, or penalties would ensue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198834_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198834-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wattis_Brothers" title="Wattis Brothers">Wattis Brothers</a>, heads of the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Construction_Company" title="Utah Construction Company">Utah Construction Company</a>, were interested in bidding on the project, but lacked the money for the performance bond. They lacked sufficient resources even in combination with their longtime partners, <a href="/wiki/Morrison-Knudsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Morrison-Knudsen">Morrison-Knudsen</a>, which employed the nation's leading dam builder, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Crowe" title="Frank Crowe">Frank Crowe</a>. They formed a joint venture to bid for the project with Pacific Bridge Company of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Kaiser" title="Henry J. Kaiser">Henry J. Kaiser</a> & W. A. <a href="/wiki/Bechtel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bechtel Corporation">Bechtel Company</a> of San Francisco; MacDonald & Kahn Ltd. of Los Angeles; and the <a href="/wiki/J.F._Shea_Co" title="J.F. Shea Co">J.F. Shea Company</a> of Portland, Oregon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198835–42_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198835–42-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The joint venture was called <a href="/wiki/Six_Companies,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Six Companies, Inc.">Six Companies, Inc.</a> as Bechtel and Kaiser were considered one company for purposes of Six in the name. The name was descriptive and was an inside joke among the San Franciscans in the bid, where "Six Companies" was also a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Consolidated_Benevolent_Association" title="Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association">Chinese benevolent association in the city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010174_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010174-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were three valid bids, and Six Companies' bid of $48,890,955 was the lowest, within $24,000 of the confidential government estimate of what the dam would cost to build, and five million dollars less than the next-lowest bid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198845–46_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198845–46-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Las Vegas had lobbied hard to be the headquarters for the dam construction, closing its many <a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">speakeasies</a> when the decision maker, Secretary of the Interior <a href="/wiki/Ray_Wilbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Wilbur">Ray Wilbur</a>, came to town. Instead, Wilbur announced in early 1930 that a model city was to be built in the desert near the dam site. This town became known as <a href="/wiki/Boulder_City,_Nevada" title="Boulder City, Nevada">Boulder City, Nevada</a>. Construction of a rail line joining Las Vegas and the dam site began in September 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010144–145_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010144–145-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labor_force">Labor force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Labor force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HooverDamJumboRig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/HooverDamJumboRig.jpg/220px-HooverDamJumboRig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/HooverDamJumboRig.jpg/330px-HooverDamJumboRig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/HooverDamJumboRig.jpg/440px-HooverDamJumboRig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Workers on a "Jumbo Rig"; used for drilling the Hoover Dam's tunnels</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Apache_Indians_employed_as_high-scalers_on_the_construction_of_Hoover_Dam.%22_-_NARA_-_293746.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%22Apache_Indians_employed_as_high-scalers_on_the_construction_of_Hoover_Dam.%22_-_NARA_-_293746.tif/lossy-page1-220px-%22Apache_Indians_employed_as_high-scalers_on_the_construction_of_Hoover_Dam.%22_-_NARA_-_293746.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%22Apache_Indians_employed_as_high-scalers_on_the_construction_of_Hoover_Dam.%22_-_NARA_-_293746.tif/lossy-page1-330px-%22Apache_Indians_employed_as_high-scalers_on_the_construction_of_Hoover_Dam.%22_-_NARA_-_293746.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%22Apache_Indians_employed_as_high-scalers_on_the_construction_of_Hoover_Dam.%22_-_NARA_-_293746.tif/lossy-page1-440px-%22Apache_Indians_employed_as_high-scalers_on_the_construction_of_Hoover_Dam.%22_-_NARA_-_293746.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="2955" /></a><figcaption>"Apache Indians employed as high-scalers on the construction of Hoover Dam." – NARA</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after the dam was authorized, increasing numbers of unemployed people converged on southern Nevada. Las Vegas, then a small city of some 5,000, saw between 10,000 and 20,000 unemployed descend on it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200128_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200128-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A government camp was established for surveyors and other personnel near the dam site; this soon became surrounded by a squatters' camp. Known as McKeeversville, the camp was home to men hoping for work on the project, together with their families.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200132_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200132-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another camp, on the flats along the Colorado River, was officially called Williamsville, but was known to its inhabitants as "Ragtown".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198853–54_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198853–54-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When construction began, Six Companies hired large numbers of workers, with more than 3,000 on the payroll by 1932<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010194_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010194-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with employment peaking at 5,251 in July 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010317_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010317-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Mongolian" (Chinese) labor was prevented by the construction contract,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010317_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010317-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the number of black people employed by Six Companies never exceeded thirty, mostly lowest-pay-scale laborers in a segregated crew, who were issued separate water buckets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010315_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010315-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the contract, Six Companies, Inc. was to build Boulder City to house the workers. The original timetable called for Boulder City to be built before the dam project began, but President Hoover ordered work on the dam to begin in March 1931 rather than in October.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198865_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198865-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company built bunkhouses, attached to the canyon wall, to house 480 single men at what became known as River Camp. Workers with families were left to provide their own accommodations until Boulder City could be completed,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198856_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198856-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many lived in Ragtown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200140_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200140-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site of Hoover Dam endures extremely hot weather, and the summer of 1931 was especially torrid, with the daytime high averaging 119.9 °F (48.8 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010219–220_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010219–220-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sixteen workers and other riverbank residents died of <a href="/wiki/Heat_prostration" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat prostration">heat prostration</a> between June 25 and July 26, 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010223_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010223-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FrankCrowe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/FrankCrowe.jpg/220px-FrankCrowe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/FrankCrowe.jpg/330px-FrankCrowe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/FrankCrowe.jpg/440px-FrankCrowe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>General Superintendent <a href="/wiki/Frank_Crowe" title="Frank Crowe">Frank Crowe</a> <i>(right)</i> with Bureau of Reclamation engineer Walker Young in 1935</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW or "Wobblies"), though much-reduced from their heyday as militant labor organizers in the early years of the century, hoped to unionize the Six Companies workers by capitalizing on their discontent. They sent eleven organizers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010226–228_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010226–228-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> several of whom were arrested by Las Vegas police.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010230_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010230-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 7, 1931, the company cut wages for all tunnel workers. Although the workers sent the organizers away, not wanting to be associated with the "Wobblies", they formed a committee to represent them with the company. The committee drew up a list of demands that evening and presented them to Crowe the following morning. He was noncommittal. The workers hoped that Crowe, the general superintendent of the job, would be sympathetic; instead, he gave a scathing interview to a newspaper, describing the workers as "malcontents".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010234–237_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010234–237-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the morning of the 9th, Crowe met with the committee and told them that management refused their demands, was stopping all work, and was laying off the entire work force, except for a few office workers and carpenters. The workers were given until 5 p.m. to vacate the premises. Concerned that a violent confrontation was imminent, most workers took their paychecks and left for Las Vegas to await developments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198870–73_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198870–73-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days later, the remainder were talked into leaving by law enforcement. On August 13, the company began hiring workers again, and two days later, the strike was called off.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198873–78_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198873–78-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the workers received none of their demands, the company guaranteed there would be no further reductions in wages. Living conditions began to improve as the first residents moved into Boulder City in late 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198878_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198878-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second labor action took place in July 1935, as construction on the dam wound down. When a Six Companies manager altered working times to force workers to take lunch on their own time, workers responded with a strike. Emboldened by Crowe's reversal of the lunch decree, workers raised their demands to include a $1-per-day raise. The company agreed to ask the Federal government to supplement the pay, but no money was forthcoming from Washington. The strike ended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010362–365_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010362–365-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="River_diversion">River diversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: River diversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover-summary-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hoover-summary-map.jpg/220px-Hoover-summary-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hoover-summary-map.jpg/330px-Hoover-summary-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hoover-summary-map.jpg/440px-Hoover-summary-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption>Overview of dam mechanisms; diversion tunnels shown</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the dam could be built, the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> needed to be diverted away from the construction site. To accomplish this, four diversion tunnels were driven through the canyon walls, two on the <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> side and two on the <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> side. These tunnels were 56 ft (17 m) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usbrfaq-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their combined length was nearly 16,000 ft, or more than 3 miles (5 km).<sup id="cite_ref-hovtun_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hovtun-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contract required these tunnels to be completed by October 1, 1933, with a $3,000-per-day fine to be assessed for any delay. To meet the deadline, Six Companies had to complete work by early 1933, since only in late fall and winter was the water level in the river low enough to safely divert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198884_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198884-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tunneling began at the lower portals of the Nevada tunnels in May 1931. Shortly afterward, work began on two similar tunnels in the Arizona canyon wall. In March 1932, work began on lining the tunnels with concrete. First the base, or invert, was poured. <a href="/wiki/Gantry_crane" title="Gantry crane">Gantry cranes</a>, running on rails through the entire length of each tunnel were used to place the concrete. The sidewalls were poured next. Movable sections of steel forms were used for the sidewalls. Finally, using pneumatic guns, the overheads were filled in. The concrete lining is 3 feet (1 m) thick, reducing the finished tunnel diameter to 50 ft (15 m).<sup id="cite_ref-hovtun_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hovtun-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river was diverted into the two Arizona tunnels on November 13, 1932; the Nevada tunnels were kept in reserve for high water. This was done by exploding a temporary <a href="/wiki/Cofferdam" title="Cofferdam">cofferdam</a> protecting the Arizona tunnels while at the same time dumping rubble into the river until its natural course was blocked.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010305–306_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010305–306-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the completion of the dam, the entrances to the two outer diversion tunnels were sealed at the opening and halfway through the tunnels with large concrete plugs. The downstream halves of the tunnels following the inner plugs are now the main bodies of the spillway tunnels.<sup id="cite_ref-hovtun_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hovtun-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner diversion tunnels were plugged at approximately one-third of their length, beyond which they now carry steel pipes connecting the intake towers to the power plant and outlet works.<sup id="cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usbrfaq-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner tunnels' outlets are equipped with gates that can be closed to drain the tunnels for maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usbrfaq-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groundworks,_rock_clearance_and_grout_curtain"><span id="Groundworks.2C_rock_clearance_and_grout_curtain"></span>Groundworks, rock clearance and grout curtain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Groundworks, rock clearance and grout curtain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To protect the construction site from the Colorado River and to facilitate the river's diversion, two <a href="/wiki/Cofferdam" title="Cofferdam">cofferdams</a> were constructed. Work on the upper cofferdam began in September 1932, even though the river had not yet been diverted.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Cofferdams_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Cofferdams-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cofferdams were designed to protect against the possibility of the river's flooding a site at which two thousand men might be at work, and their specifications were covered in the bid documents in nearly as much detail as the dam itself. The upper cofferdam was 96 ft (29 m) high, and 750 feet (230 m) thick at its base, thicker than the dam itself. It contained 650,000 cubic yards (500,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of material.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010318–319_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010318–319-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HooverDamHighScaler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HooverDamHighScaler.jpg/220px-HooverDamHighScaler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HooverDamHighScaler.jpg/330px-HooverDamHighScaler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HooverDamHighScaler.jpg/440px-HooverDamHighScaler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Looking down at "high scalers" above the Colorado River</figcaption></figure> <p>When the cofferdams were in place and the construction site was drained of water, excavation for the dam foundation began. For the dam to rest on solid rock, it was necessary to remove <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">accumulated erosion soils</a> and other loose materials in the riverbed until sound bedrock was reached. Work on the foundation excavations was completed in June 1933. During this excavation, approximately 1,500,000 cu yd (1,100,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of material was removed. Since the dam was an arch-gravity type, the side-walls of the canyon would bear the force of the impounded lake. Therefore, the side-walls were also excavated to reach virgin rock, as weathered rock might provide pathways for water seepage.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Cofferdams_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Cofferdams-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shovels for the excavation came from the <a href="/wiki/Marion_Power_Shovel_Company" title="Marion Power Shovel Company">Marion Power Shovel Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The men who removed this rock were called "high scalers". While suspended from the top of the canyon with ropes, the high-scalers climbed down the canyon walls and removed the loose rock with <a href="/wiki/Jackhammers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackhammers">jackhammers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a>. Falling objects were the most common cause of death on the dam site; the high scalers' work thus helped ensure worker safety.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_High_Scalers_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_High_Scalers-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One high scaler was able to save a life in a more direct manner: when a government inspector lost his grip on a safety line and began tumbling down a slope towards almost certain death, a high scaler was able to intercept him and pull him into the air. The construction site had become a magnet for tourists. The high scalers were prime attractions and showed off for the watchers. The high scalers received considerable media attention, with one worker dubbed the "Human Pendulum" for swinging co-workers (and, at other times, cases of dynamite) across the canyon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010308–309_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010308–309-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To protect themselves against falling objects, some high scalers dipped cloth hats in tar and allowed them to harden. When workers wearing such headgear were struck hard enough to inflict broken jaws, they sustained no skull damage. Six Companies ordered thousands of what initially were called "hard boiled hats" (later "<a href="/wiki/Hard_hat" title="Hard hat">hard hats</a>") and strongly encouraged their use.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988104_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988104-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cleared, underlying rock foundation of the dam site was reinforced with <a href="/wiki/Grout" title="Grout">grout</a>, forming a <a href="/wiki/Grout_curtain" title="Grout curtain">grout curtain</a>. Holes were driven into the walls and base of the canyon, as deep as 150 feet (46 m) into the rock, and any cavities encountered were to be filled with grout. This was done to stabilize the rock, to prevent water from seeping past the dam through the canyon rock, and to limit "uplift"—upward pressure from water seeping under the dam. The workers were under severe time constraints due to the beginning of the concrete pour. When they encountered hot springs or cavities too large to readily fill, they moved on without resolving the problem. A total of 58 of the 393 holes were incompletely filled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010331–332_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010331–332-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the dam was completed and the lake began to fill, large numbers of significant leaks caused the Bureau of Reclamation to examine the situation. It found that the work had been incompletely done, and was based on less than a full understanding of the canyon's geology. New holes were drilled from inspection galleries inside the dam into the surrounding bedrock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010387–390_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010387–390-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took nine years (1938–47) under relative secrecy to complete the supplemental grout curtain.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers_2005_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers_2005-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concrete">Concrete</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Concrete"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damforms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Damforms.jpg/220px-Damforms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Damforms.jpg/330px-Damforms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Damforms.jpg/440px-Damforms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Columns of Hoover Dam being filled with concrete, February 1934 <i>(looking upstream from the Nevada rim)</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The first concrete was poured into the dam on June 6, 1933, 18 months ahead of schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010323–324_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010323–324-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since concrete <a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">heats and contracts</a> as it cures, the potential for uneven cooling and contraction of the concrete posed a serious problem. Bureau of Reclamation engineers calculated that if the dam were to be built in a single continuous pour, the concrete would take 125 years to cool, and the resulting stresses would cause the dam to crack and crumble. Instead, the ground where the dam would rise was marked with rectangles, and concrete blocks in columns were poured, some as large as 50 ft square (15 m) and 5 feet (1.5 m) high.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010325–326_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010325–326-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each five-foot form contained a set of 1-inch (25 mm) steel pipes; cool river water would be poured through the pipes, followed by ice-cold water from a <a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">refrigeration</a> plant. When an individual block had cured and had stopped contracting, the pipes were filled with <a href="/wiki/Grout" title="Grout">grout</a>. Grout was also used to fill the hairline spaces between columns, which were grooved to increase the strength of the joints.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988193–194_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988193–194-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concrete was delivered in huge steel buckets 7 feet high (2.1 m) and almost 7 feet in diameter; Crowe was awarded two patents for their design. These buckets, which weighed 20 short tons (18.1 t; 17.9 long tons) when full, were filled at two massive concrete plants on the Nevada side, and were delivered to the site in special <a href="/wiki/Railroad_car#Freight_cars" title="Railroad car">railcars</a>. The buckets were then suspended from aerial <a href="/wiki/Cableway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cableway">cableways</a> which were used to deliver the bucket to a specific column. As the required grade of <a href="/wiki/Construction_aggregate" title="Construction aggregate">aggregate</a> in the concrete differed depending on placement in the dam (from pea-sized gravel to 9 inches [230 mm] stones), it was vital that the bucket be maneuvered to the proper column. When the bottom of the bucket opened up, disgorging 8 cu yd (6.1 m<sup>3</sup>) of concrete, a team of men worked it throughout the form. Although there are myths that men were caught in the pour and are entombed in the dam to this day, each bucket deepened the concrete in a form by only 1 inch (25 mm), and Six Companies engineers would not have permitted a flaw caused by the presence of a human body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010327–330_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010327–330-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 3,250,000 cubic yards (2,480,000 cubic meters) of concrete was used in the dam before concrete pouring ceased on May 29, 1935. In addition, 1,110,000 cu yd (850,000 m<sup>3</sup>) were used in the power plant and other works. More than 582 miles (937 km) of cooling pipes were placed within the concrete. Overall, there is enough concrete in the dam to pave a two-lane highway from San Francisco to New York.<sup id="cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usbrfaq-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concrete cores were removed from the dam for testing in 1995; they showed that "Hoover Dam's concrete has continued to slowly gain strength" and the dam is composed of a "durable concrete having a compressive strength exceeding the range typically found in normal mass concrete".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartojayJoy2010_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartojayJoy2010-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoover Dam concrete is not subject to <a href="/wiki/Alkali%E2%80%93silica_reaction" title="Alkali–silica reaction">alkali–silica reaction</a> (ASR), as the Hoover Dam builders happened to use nonreactive aggregate, unlike that at downstream <a href="/wiki/Parker_Dam" title="Parker Dam">Parker Dam</a>, where ASR has caused measurable deterioration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartojayJoy2010_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartojayJoy2010-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dedication_and_completion">Dedication and completion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dedication and completion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damupstream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damupstream.jpg/220px-Damupstream.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damupstream.jpg/330px-Damupstream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Damupstream.jpg/440px-Damupstream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>The upstream face of Hoover Dam slowly disappears as Lake Mead fills, May 1935 <i>(looking downstream from the Arizona rim)</i></figcaption></figure> <p>With most work finished on the dam itself (the powerhouse remained uncompleted), a formal dedication ceremony was arranged for September 30, 1935, to coincide with a western tour being made by President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. The morning of the dedication, it was moved forward three hours from 2 p.m. Pacific time to 11 a.m.; this was done because <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Ickes" title="Harold L. Ickes">Harold L. Ickes</a> had reserved a radio slot for the President for 2 p.m. but officials did not realize until the day of the ceremony that the slot was for 2 p.m. Eastern Time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010366–369_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010366–369-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the change in the ceremony time, and temperatures of 102 °F (39 °C), 10,000 people were present for the President's speech, in which he avoided mentioning the name of former President Hoover,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010373_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010373-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was not invited to the ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010304_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010304-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To mark the occasion, a three-cent stamp was issued by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">United States Post Office Department</a>—bearing the name "Boulder Dam", the official name of the dam between 1933 and 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the ceremony, Roosevelt made the first visit by any American president to Las Vegas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010373_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010373-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most work had been completed by the dedication, and Six Companies negotiated with the government through late 1935 and early 1936 to settle all claims and arrange for the formal transfer of the dam to the Federal Government. The parties came to an agreement and on March 1, 1936, Secretary Ickes formally accepted the dam on behalf of the government. Six Companies was not required to complete work on one item, a concrete plug for one of the bypass tunnels, as the tunnel had to be used to take in irrigation water until the powerhouse went into operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988250–252_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988250–252-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_deaths">Construction deaths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Construction deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HansenHooverMemorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HansenHooverMemorial.jpg/220px-HansenHooverMemorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HansenHooverMemorial.jpg/330px-HansenHooverMemorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HansenHooverMemorial.jpg/440px-HansenHooverMemorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oskar_J._W._Hansen" title="Oskar J. W. Hansen">Oskar J. W. Hansen</a>'s memorial at the dam which reads in part "They died to make the desert bloom."<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Hover_Artwork-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There were 112 deaths reported as associated with the construction of the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-blf1_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blf1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was Bureau of Reclamation employee Harold Connelly who died on May 15, 1921, after falling from a barge while surveying the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> for an ideal spot for the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-blf1_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blf1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surveyor John Gregory ("J.G.") Tierney, who drowned on December 20, 1922, in a flash flood while looking for an ideal spot for the dam was the second person.<sup id="cite_ref-blf1_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blf1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official list's final death occurred on December 20, 1935, when Patrick Tierney, electrician's helper and the son of J.G. Tierney, fell from one of the two Arizona-side intake towers. Included in the fatality list are three workers who took their own lives on site, one in 1932 and two in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 112 fatalities, 91 were Six Companies employees, three were Bureau of Reclamation employees, and one was a visitor to the site; the remainder were employees of various contractors not part of Six Companies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988320_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988320-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ninety-six of the deaths occurred during construction at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-blf1_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blf1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not included in the official number of fatalities were deaths that were recorded as <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>. Workers alleged that this diagnosis was a cover for death from <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> poisoning (brought on by the use of gasoline-fueled vehicles in the diversion tunnels), and a classification used by Six Companies to avoid paying compensation claims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010284–286_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010284–286-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site's diversion tunnels frequently reached 140 °F (60 °C), enveloped in thick plumes of vehicle exhaust gases.<sup id="cite_ref-I&T-2010.V25.2_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I&T-2010.V25.2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 42 workers were recorded as having died from pneumonia and were not included in the above total; none were listed as having died from carbon monoxide poisoning. No deaths of non-workers from pneumonia were recorded in Boulder City during the construction period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010284–286_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010284–286-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectural_style">Architectural style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Architectural style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial plans for the facade of the dam, the power plant, the outlet tunnels and ornaments clashed with the modern look of an arch dam. The Bureau of Reclamation, more concerned with the dam's functionality, adorned it with a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>-inspired <a href="/wiki/Baluster" title="Baluster">balustrade</a> and eagle statues. This initial design was criticized by many as being too plain and unremarkable for a project of such immense scale, so Los Angeles-based architect <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kaufmann" title="Gordon Kaufmann">Gordon B. Kaufmann</a>, then the supervising architect to the Bureau of Reclamation, was brought in to redesign the exteriors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009341_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009341-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaufmann greatly streamlined the design and applied an elegant <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> style to the entire project. He designed sculpted turrets rising seamlessly from the dam face and clock faces on the intake towers set for the time in Nevada and Arizona—both states are in different time zones, but since Arizona does not observe <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">daylight saving time</a>, the clocks display the same time for more than half the year.<sup id="cite_ref-Rhinehart_2004_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhinehart_2004-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HooverDamTrueDesign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/HooverDamTrueDesign.jpg/220px-HooverDamTrueDesign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/HooverDamTrueDesign.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>Tile floor designed by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Tupper_True" title="Allen Tupper True">Allen Tupper True</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HansenBasReliefHooverDam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/HansenBasReliefHooverDam.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="82" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Hansen's bas-relief on the Nevada elevator</figcaption></figure> <p>At Kaufmann's request, Denver artist <a href="/wiki/Allen_Tupper_True" title="Allen Tupper True">Allen Tupper True</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009341_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009341-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was hired to handle the design and decoration of the walls and floors of the new dam. True's design scheme incorporated motifs of the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> tribes of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009342–343_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009342–343-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some were initially opposed to these designs, True was given the go-ahead and was officially appointed consulting artist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009346_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009346-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the assistance of the National Laboratory of Anthropology, True researched authentic decorative motifs from Indian sand paintings, textiles, baskets and ceramics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009343_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009343-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The images and colors are based on Native American visions of rain, lightning, water, clouds, and local animals—lizards, serpents, birds—and on the Southwestern landscape of stepped mesas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009342–343_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009342–343-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these works, which are integrated into the walkways and interior halls of the dam, True also reflected on the machinery of the operation, making the symbolic patterns appear both ancient and modern.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009358_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009358-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the agreement of Kaufmann and the engineers, True also devised for the pipes and machinery an innovative color-coding which was implemented throughout all BOR projects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009354–356_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009354–356-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> True's consulting artist job lasted through 1942; it was extended so he could complete design work for the <a href="/wiki/Parker_Dam" title="Parker Dam">Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shasta_Dam" title="Shasta Dam">Shasta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam" title="Grand Coulee Dam">Grand Coulee</a> dams and power plants. True's work on the Hoover Dam was humorously referred to in a poem published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, part of which read, "lose the spark, and justify the dream; but also worthy of remark will be the color scheme".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009361–362_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009361–362-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Complementing Kaufmann and True's work, sculptor <a href="/wiki/Oskar_J._W._Hansen" title="Oskar J. W. Hansen">Oskar J. W. Hansen</a> designed many of the sculptures on and around the dam. His works include the monument of dedication plaza, a plaque to memorialize the workers killed and the <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">bas-reliefs</a> on the elevator towers. In his words, Hansen wanted his work to express "the immutable calm of intellectual resolution, and the enormous power of trained physical strength, equally enthroned in placid triumph of scientific accomplishment", because "[t]he building of Hoover Dam belongs to the sagas of the daring."<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Hover_Artwork-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hansen's dedication plaza, on the Nevada abutment, contains a sculpture of two winged figures flanking a flagpole. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_Dam_star_map_floor_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hoover_Dam_star_map_floor_center.jpg/220px-Hoover_Dam_star_map_floor_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hoover_Dam_star_map_floor_center.jpg/330px-Hoover_Dam_star_map_floor_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hoover_Dam_star_map_floor_center.jpg/440px-Hoover_Dam_star_map_floor_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5082" data-file-height="2589" /></a><figcaption>Hoover Dam memorial star map floor, center area</figcaption></figure> <p>Surrounding the base of the monument is a <a href="/wiki/Terrazzo" title="Terrazzo">terrazzo</a> floor embedded with a "star map". The map depicts the Northern Hemisphere sky at the moment of President Roosevelt's dedication of the dam. This is intended to help future astronomers, if necessary, calculate the exact date of dedication.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Hover_Artwork-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379–380_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379–380-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 30-foot-high (9.1 m) bronze figures, dubbed <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winged_Figures_of_the_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winged Figures of the Republic (page does not exist)">Winged Figures of the Republic</a></i>, were both formed in a continuous pour. To put such large bronzes into place without marring the highly polished bronze surface, they were placed on ice and guided into position as the ice melted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200643_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200643-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hansen's bas-relief on the Nevada elevator tower depicts the benefits of the dam: flood control, navigation, irrigation, water storage, and power. The bas-relief on the Arizona elevator depicts, in his words, "the visages of those Indian tribes who have inhabited mountains and plains from ages distant."<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Hover_Artwork-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_plant_and_water_demands">Power plant and water demands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Power plant and water demands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/220px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/330px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/440px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Water is released from the jet-flow gates for testing in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Excavation for the powerhouse was carried out simultaneously with the excavation for the dam foundation and abutments. The excavation of this U-shaped structure located at the downstream toe of the dam was completed in late 1933 with the first concrete placed in November 1933. Filling of Lake Mead began February 1, 1935, even before the last of the concrete was poured that May.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Chronology_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Chronology-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The powerhouse was one of the projects uncompleted at the time of the formal dedication on September 30, 1935; a crew of 500 men remained to finish it and other structures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988248_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988248-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make the powerhouse roof bombproof, it was constructed of layers of concrete, rock, and steel with a total thickness of about 3.5 feet (1.1 m), topped with layers of sand and tar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001280–281_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001280–281-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the latter half of 1936, water levels in Lake Mead were high enough to permit power generation, and the first three <a href="/wiki/Allis_Chalmers" class="mw-redirect" title="Allis Chalmers">Allis Chalmers</a> built <a href="/wiki/Francis_turbine" title="Francis turbine">Francis turbine</a>-<a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">generators</a>, all on the Nevada side, began operating. In March 1937, one more Nevada generator went online and the first Arizona generator by August. By September 1939, four more generators were operating, and the dam's power plant became the largest hydroelectricity facility in the world. The final generator was not placed in service until 1961, bringing the maximum generating capacity to 1,345 megawatts at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Chronology_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Chronology-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A2Z_Las_Vegas,_Hoover_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A2Z_Las_Vegas,_Hoover-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Original plans called for 16 large generators, eight on each side of the river, but two smaller generators were installed instead of one large one on the Arizona side for a total of 17. The smaller generators were used to serve smaller communities at a time when the output of each generator was dedicated to a single municipality, before the dam's total power output was placed on the grid and made arbitrarily distributable.<sup id="cite_ref-powerfaq_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powerfaq-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hooverdam2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hooverdam2.png/220px-Hooverdam2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hooverdam2.png/330px-Hooverdam2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hooverdam2.png/440px-Hooverdam2.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1045" /></a><figcaption>Cross-section of the Hoover Dam showing notable levels of Lake Mead</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_Dam_generators_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hoover_Dam_generators_001.jpg/220px-Hoover_Dam_generators_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hoover_Dam_generators_001.jpg/330px-Hoover_Dam_generators_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hoover_Dam_generators_001.jpg/440px-Hoover_Dam_generators_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Turbine/generator deck in power plant beneath Hoover Dam.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before water from Lake Mead reaches the turbines, it enters the intake towers and then four gradually narrowing <a href="/wiki/Penstock" title="Penstock">penstocks</a> which funnel the water down towards the powerhouse. The intakes provide a maximum <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_head" title="Hydraulic head">hydraulic head</a> (water pressure) of 590 ft (180 m) as the water reaches a speed of about 85 mph (140 km/h). The entire flow of the Colorado River usually passes through the turbines. The spillways and <a href="/wiki/Outlet_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlet works">outlet works</a> (jet-flow gates) are rarely used.<sup id="cite_ref-powerfaq_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powerfaq-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jet-flow gates, located in concrete structures 180 feet (55 m) above the river and also at the outlets of the inner diversion tunnels at river level, may be used to divert water around the dam in emergency or flood conditions, but have never done so, and in practice are used only to drain water from the penstocks for maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200640_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200640-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following an <a href="/wiki/Grid_energy_storage#Hydroelectric_dam_uprating" title="Grid energy storage">uprating</a> project from 1986 to 1993, the total gross power rating for the plant, including two 2.4 <a href="/wiki/Watt#Megawatt" title="Watt">megawatt</a> <a href="/wiki/Pelton_turbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelton turbine">Pelton turbine</a>-generators that power Hoover Dam's own operations is a maximum capacity of 2080 megawatts.<sup id="cite_ref-powerfaq_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powerfaq-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annual generation of Hoover Dam varies. The maximum net generation was 10.348 <a href="/wiki/Terawatt-hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Terawatt-hour">TWh</a> in 1984, and the minimum since 1940 was 2.648 TWh in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-powerfaq_97-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powerfaq-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average power generated was 4.2 TWh/year for 1947–2008.<sup id="cite_ref-powerfaq_97-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powerfaq-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the dam generated 3.6 TWh.<sup id="cite_ref-BoRCRSRDec15_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoRCRSRDec15-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of electricity generated by Hoover Dam has been decreasing along with the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead#Drought_and_water_usage_issues" title="Lake Mead">falling water level in Lake Mead</a> due to the prolonged drought since year 2000 and high demand for the Colorado River's water. By 2014 its generating capacity was downrated by 23% to 1592 MW and was providing power only during periods of peak demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Receding}_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Receding}-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lake Mead fell to a new record low elevation of 1,071.61 feet (326.63 m) on July 1, 2016, before beginning to rebound slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under its original design, the dam would no longer be able to generate power once the water level fell below 1,050 feet (320 m), which might have occurred in 2017 had water restrictions not been enforced. To lower the minimum power pool elevation from 1,050 to 950 feet (320 to 290 m), five wide-head turbines, designed to work efficiently with less flow, were installed.<sup id="cite_ref-WRRC_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WRRC-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water levels were maintained at over 1,075 feet (328 m) in 2018 and 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but fell to a new record low of 1,071.55 feet (326.61 m) on June 10, 2021<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were projected to fall below 1,066 feet (325 m) by the end of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_dam_electricity_generation_since_2000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hoover_dam_electricity_generation_since_2000.svg/220px-Hoover_dam_electricity_generation_since_2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hoover_dam_electricity_generation_since_2000.svg/330px-Hoover_dam_electricity_generation_since_2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Hoover_dam_electricity_generation_since_2000.svg/440px-Hoover_dam_electricity_generation_since_2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Decline in electricity generation since year 2000.</figcaption></figure><p>Control of water was the primary concern in the building of the dam. Power generation has allowed the dam project to be self-sustaining: proceeds from the sale of power repaid the 50-year construction loan, and those revenues also finance the multimillion-dollar yearly maintenance budget. Power is generated in step with and only with the release of water in response to downstream water demands.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Hoover_Dam_and_Powerplant_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Hoover_Dam_and_Powerplant-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lake Mead and downstream releases from the dam also provide water for both <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">municipal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> uses. Water released from the Hoover Dam eventually reaches several canals. The <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Aqueduct" title="Colorado River Aqueduct">Colorado River Aqueduct</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Arizona_Project" title="Central Arizona Project">Central Arizona Project</a> branch off <a href="/wiki/Lake_Havasu" title="Lake Havasu">Lake Havasu</a> while the <a href="/wiki/All-American_Canal" title="All-American Canal">All-American Canal</a> is supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Dam" title="Imperial Dam">Imperial Dam</a>. In total, water from Lake Mead serves 18 million people in Arizona, Nevada, and California and supplies the irrigation of over 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of land.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Hoover_Dam_and_Powerplant_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Hoover_Dam_and_Powerplant-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Department_of_Water_and_Power" title="Los Angeles Department of Water and Power">Los Angeles Department of Water and Power</a> (LADWP) proposed a $3 billion <a href="/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity" title="Pumped-storage hydroelectricity">pumped-storage hydroelectricity</a> project—a "battery" of sorts—that would use wind and solar power to recirculate water back up to Lake Mead from a pumping station 20 miles (32 km) downriver.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Power_distribution">Power distribution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Power distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electricity from the dam's powerhouse was originally sold pursuant to a fifty-year contract, authorized by Congress in 1934, which ran from 1937 to 1987. In 1984, Congress passed a new statute which set power allocations to southern California, Arizona, and Nevada from the dam from 1987 to 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Lien-Mager_2011_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lien-Mager_2011-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cheap_power_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheap_power-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The powerhouse was run under the original authorization by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and Southern California Edison; in 1987, the Bureau of Reclamation assumed control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200650–52_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200650–52-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Congress enacted legislation extending the current contracts until 2067, after setting aside 5% of Hoover Dam's power for sale to Native American tribes, electric cooperatives, and other entities. The new arrangement began on October 1, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Lien-Mager_2011_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lien-Mager_2011-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a> reports that the energy generated under the contracts ending in 2017 was allocated as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-powerfaq_97-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powerfaq-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable" width="450"> <tbody><tr> <th>Area</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Water_District_of_Southern_California" title="Metropolitan Water District of Southern California">Metropolitan Water District of Southern California</a></td> <td align="right">28.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">State of Nevada</a></td> <td align="right">23.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">State of Arizona</a></td> <td align="right">18.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Department_of_Water_and_Power" title="Los Angeles Department of Water and Power">Los Angeles, California</a></td> <td align="right">15.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Edison" title="Southern California Edison">Southern California Edison</a></td> <td align="right">5.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boulder_City,_Nevada" title="Boulder City, Nevada">Boulder City, Nevada</a></td> <td align="right">1.77% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a></td> <td align="right">1.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a></td> <td align="right">1.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></td> <td align="right">1.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></td> <td align="right">0.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_California" title="Vernon, California">Vernon, California</a></td> <td align="right">0.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank, California</a></td> <td align="right">0.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azusa,_California" title="Azusa, California">Azusa, California</a></td> <td align="right">0.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colton,_California" title="Colton, California">Colton, California</a></td> <td align="right">0.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banning,_California" title="Banning, California">Banning, California</a></td> <td align="right">0.05% </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 486px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourgroup1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tourists gather around one of the generators in the Nevada wing of the powerhouse to hear its operation explained, September 1940."><img alt="Tourists gather around one of the generators in the Nevada wing of the powerhouse to hear its operation explained, September 1940." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tourgroup1940.jpg/200px-Tourgroup1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tourgroup1940.jpg/300px-Tourgroup1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tourgroup1940.jpg/400px-Tourgroup1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tourists gather around one of the generators in the Nevada wing of the powerhouse to hear its operation explained, September 1940.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_Dam_Penstock_Header.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="A worker stands by the 30 ft (9.1 m) diameter Nevada penstock before its junction with another penstock that delivers water to a turbine."><img alt="A worker stands by the 30 ft (9.1 m) diameter Nevada penstock before its junction with another penstock that delivers water to a turbine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hoover_Dam_Penstock_Header.tif/lossy-page1-126px-Hoover_Dam_Penstock_Header.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hoover_Dam_Penstock_Header.tif/lossy-page1-188px-Hoover_Dam_Penstock_Header.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hoover_Dam_Penstock_Header.tif/lossy-page1-251px-Hoover_Dam_Penstock_Header.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="3585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A worker stands by the 30 ft (9.1 m) diameter Nevada penstock before its junction with another penstock that delivers water to a turbine.</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spillways">Spillways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Spillways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_Dam_and_Arizona_Spillway,_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hoover_Dam_and_Arizona_Spillway%2C_1983.jpg/220px-Hoover_Dam_and_Arizona_Spillway%2C_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hoover_Dam_and_Arizona_Spillway%2C_1983.jpg/330px-Hoover_Dam_and_Arizona_Spillway%2C_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hoover_Dam_and_Arizona_Spillway%2C_1983.jpg/440px-Hoover_Dam_and_Arizona_Spillway%2C_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Water enters the Arizona spillway <i>(left)</i> during the 1983 floods. Lake Mead water level was 1,225.6 ft (373.6 m)</figcaption></figure> <p>The dam is protected against over-topping by two <a href="/wiki/Spillway" title="Spillway">spillways</a>. The spillway entrances are located behind each dam <a href="/wiki/Abutment#Miscellanea" title="Abutment">abutment</a>, running roughly parallel to the canyon walls. The spillway entrance arrangement forms a classic side-flow <a href="/wiki/Weir" title="Weir">weir</a> with each spillway containing four 100-foot-long (30 m) and 16-foot-wide (4.9 m) steel-drum gates. Each gate weighs 5,000,000 pounds (2,300 metric tons) and can be operated manually or automatically. Gates are raised and lowered depending on water levels in the reservoir and flood conditions. The gates cannot entirely prevent water from entering the spillways but can maintain an extra 16 ft (4.9 m) of lake level.<sup id="cite_ref-recspi_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recspi-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Water flowing over the spillways falls dramatically into 600-foot-long (180 m), 50-foot-wide (15 m) spillway tunnels before connecting to the outer diversion tunnels and reentering the main river channel below the dam. This complex spillway entrance arrangement combined with the approximate 700-foot (210 m) elevation drop from the top of the reservoir to the river below was a difficult engineering problem and posed numerous design challenges. Each spillway's capacity of 200,000 cu ft/s (5,700 m<sup>3</sup>/s) was empirically verified in post-construction tests in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-recspi_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recspi-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The large spillway tunnels have only been used twice, for testing in 1941 and because of flooding in 1983. Both times, when inspecting the tunnels after the spillways were used, engineers found major damage to the concrete linings and underlying rock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiedler2010_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiedler2010-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1941 damage was attributed to a slight misalignment of the tunnel invert (or base), which caused <a href="/wiki/Cavitation" title="Cavitation">cavitation</a>, a phenomenon in fast-flowing liquids in which vapor bubbles collapse with explosive force. In response to this finding, the tunnels were patched with special heavy-duty concrete and the surface of the concrete was polished mirror-smooth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010391–392_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010391–392-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spillways were modified in 1947 by adding flip buckets, which both slow the water and decrease the spillway's effective capacity, in an attempt to eliminate conditions thought to have contributed to the 1941 damage. The 1983 damage, also due to cavitation, led to the installation of aerators in the spillways.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiedler2010_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiedler2010-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tests at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam" title="Grand Coulee Dam">Grand Coulee Dam</a> showed that the technique worked, in principle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010391–392_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010391–392-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roadway_and_tourism">Roadway and tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Roadway and tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_in_popular_culture" title="Hoover Dam in popular culture">Hoover Dam in popular culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Hoover_Dam_from_Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/View_of_Hoover_Dam_from_Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge.png/220px-View_of_Hoover_Dam_from_Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/View_of_Hoover_Dam_from_Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge.png/330px-View_of_Hoover_Dam_from_Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/View_of_Hoover_Dam_from_Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge.png/440px-View_of_Hoover_Dam_from_Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge.png 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>View of Hoover Dam from Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_Dam,_Colorado_River.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hoover_Dam%2C_Colorado_River.JPG/220px-Hoover_Dam%2C_Colorado_River.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hoover_Dam%2C_Colorado_River.JPG/330px-Hoover_Dam%2C_Colorado_River.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hoover_Dam%2C_Colorado_River.JPG/440px-Hoover_Dam%2C_Colorado_River.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The bypass in front of the dam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge_view_from_Hoover_Dam.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge_view_from_Hoover_Dam.jpeg/220px-Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge_view_from_Hoover_Dam.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge_view_from_Hoover_Dam.jpeg/330px-Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge_view_from_Hoover_Dam.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge_view_from_Hoover_Dam.jpeg/440px-Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge_view_from_Hoover_Dam.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge as visible from Hoover Dam</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two lanes for automobile traffic across the top of the dam, which formerly served as the Colorado River crossing for <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_93" title="U.S. Route 93">U.S. Route 93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_terrorist_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11 terrorist attacks">September 11 terrorist attacks</a>, authorities expressed security concerns and the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_Bypass" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover Dam Bypass">Hoover Dam Bypass</a> project was expedited. Pending the completion of the bypass, restricted traffic was permitted over Hoover Dam. Some types of vehicles were inspected prior to crossing the dam while <a href="/wiki/Semi-trailer_truck" title="Semi-trailer truck">semi-trailer trucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a> carrying luggage, and enclosed-<a href="/wiki/Box_truck" title="Box truck">box trucks</a> over 40 ft (12 m) long were not allowed on the dam at all, and were diverted to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_95_in_Nevada" title="U.S. Route 95 in Nevada">U.S. Route 95</a> or Nevada State Routes <a href="/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_163" title="Nevada State Route 163">163</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_68" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada State Route 68">68</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Crossing_Hoover_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Crossing_Hoover-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four-lane Hoover Dam Bypass opened on October 19, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansen_2010-10-20_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen_2010-10-20-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes a composite steel and concrete <a href="/wiki/Arch_bridge" title="Arch bridge">arch bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge" title="Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge">Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge</a>, 1,500 ft (460 m) downstream from the dam. With the opening of the bypass, through traffic is no longer allowed across Hoover Dam; dam visitors are allowed to use the existing roadway to approach from the Nevada side and cross to parking lots and other facilities on the Arizona side.<sup id="cite_ref-hdbfaq_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdbfaq-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoover Dam opened for tours in 1937 after its completion but following <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> on December 7, 1941, it was closed to the public when the United States entered World War II, during which only authorized traffic, in convoys, was permitted. After the war, it reopened September 2, 1945, and by 1953, annual attendance had risen to 448,081. The dam closed on November 25, 1963, and March 31, 1969, days of mourning in remembrance of Presidents <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>. In 1995, a new visitors' center was built, and the following year, visits exceeded one million for the first time. The dam closed again to the public on September 11, 2001; modified tours were resumed in December and a new "Discovery Tour" was added the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200650–52_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200650–52-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, nearly a million people per year take the tours of the dam offered by the Bureau of Reclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Hoover_Tour_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Hoover_Tour-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increased security concerns by the government have led to most of the interior structure's being inaccessible to tourists. As a result, few of True's decorations can now be seen by visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visitors can only purchase tickets on-site and have the options of a guided tour of the whole facility or only the power plant area. The only self-guided tour option is for the visitor center itself, where visitors can view various exhibits and enjoy a 360-degree view of the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-Trips_To_Discover_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trips_To_Discover-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_intake_towers_at_Hoover_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Water_intake_towers_at_Hoover_Dam.jpg/220px-Water_intake_towers_at_Hoover_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Water_intake_towers_at_Hoover_Dam.jpg/330px-Water_intake_towers_at_Hoover_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Water_intake_towers_at_Hoover_Dam.jpg/440px-Water_intake_towers_at_Hoover_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3033" /></a><figcaption>View upstream from Hoover Dam, October 2021, during the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_North_American_megadrought" title="Southwestern North American megadrought">Southwestern North American megadrought</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The changes in water flow and use caused by Hoover Dam's construction and operation have had a large impact on the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Delta" title="Colorado River Delta">Colorado River Delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction of the dam has been implicated in causing the decline of this <a href="/wiki/Estuarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuarine">estuarine</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For six years after the construction of the dam, while Lake Mead filled, virtually no water reached the mouth of the river.<sup id="cite_ref-Burns_2001_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burns_2001-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delta's estuary, which once had a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone stretching 40 miles (64 km) south of the river's mouth, was turned into an <a href="/wiki/Inverse_estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverse estuary">inverse estuary</a> where the level of <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> was higher close to the river's mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez_Flessa_et_al.2001_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez_Flessa_et_al.2001-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Colorado River had experienced natural flooding before the construction of the Hoover Dam. The dam eliminated the natural flooding, threatening many species adapted to the flooding, including both plants and animals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidt_Webb_et_al.1998_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidt_Webb_et_al.1998-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction of the dam devastated the populations of native fish in the river downstream from the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn2001_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn2001-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four species of fish native to the Colorado River, the <a href="/wiki/Bonytail_chub" title="Bonytail chub">Bonytail chub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_pikeminnow" title="Colorado pikeminnow">Colorado pikeminnow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humpback_chub" title="Humpback chub">Humpback chub</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Razorback_sucker" title="Razorback sucker">Razorback sucker</a>, are listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinckley_Marsh_et_al.2003_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinckley_Marsh_et_al.2003-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FWS,_Colorado_River_Recovery_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FWS,_Colorado_River_Recovery-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_controversy">Naming controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Naming controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_Times,_It_can%27t_be_done_Mr._Ickes,_Hoover_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/Los_Angeles_Times%2C_It_can%27t_be_done_Mr._Ickes%2C_Hoover_Dam.jpg/220px-Los_Angeles_Times%2C_It_can%27t_be_done_Mr._Ickes%2C_Hoover_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Los_Angeles_Times%2C_It_can%27t_be_done_Mr._Ickes%2C_Hoover_Dam.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>1933 <i>Los Angeles Times</i> political cartoon commenting on the attempts of Ickes to keep "Hoover" off the dam.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the years of lobbying leading up to the passage of legislation authorizing the dam in 1928, the press generally referred to the dam as "Boulder Dam" or as "Boulder Canyon Dam", even though the proposed site had shifted to Black Canyon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198826–27_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198826–27-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Boulder Canyon Project Act of 1928 (BCPA) never mentioned a proposed name or title for the dam. The BCPA merely allows the government to "construct, operate, and maintain a dam and incidental works in the main stream of the Colorado River at Black Canyon or Boulder Canyon".<sup id="cite_ref-USBR,_Boulder_Canyon_Project_Act_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBR,_Boulder_Canyon_Project_Act-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Wilbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Wilbur">Ray Wilbur</a> spoke at the ceremony starting the building of the railway between Las Vegas and the dam site on September 17, 1930, he named the dam "Hoover Dam", citing a tradition of naming dams after Presidents, though none had been so honored during their terms of office. Wilbur justified his choice on the ground that Hoover was "the great engineer whose vision and persistence ... has done so much to make [the dam] possible".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One writer complained in response that "the Great Engineer had quickly drained, ditched, and dammed the country."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Hoover's election defeat in 1932 and the accession of the Roosevelt administration, Secretary Ickes ordered on May 13, 1933, that the dam be referred to as Boulder Dam. Ickes stated that Wilbur had been imprudent in naming the dam after a sitting president, that Congress had never ratified his choice, and that it had long been referred to as Boulder Dam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unknown to the general public, Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Homer_Cummings" class="mw-redirect" title="Homer Cummings">Homer Cummings</a> informed Ickes that Congress had indeed used the name "Hoover Dam" in five different bills appropriating money for construction of the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings1939254_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings1939254-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official status this conferred to the name "Hoover Dam" had been noted on the floor of the House of Representatives by Congressman <a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Taylor" title="Edward T. Taylor">Edward T. Taylor</a> of Colorado on December 12, 1930,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was likewise ignored by Ickes. </p><p>When Ickes spoke at the dedication ceremony on September 30, 1935, he was determined, as he recorded in his diary, "to try to nail down for good and all the name Boulder Dam."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one point in the speech, he spoke the words "Boulder Dam" five times within thirty seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988246_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988246-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, he suggested that if the dam were to be named after any one person, it should be for California Senator <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a>, a lead sponsor of the authorizing legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt also referred to the dam as Boulder Dam,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988248_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988248-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Republican-leaning <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, which at the time of Ickes' name change had run an editorial cartoon showing Ickes ineffectively chipping away at an enormous sign "HOOVER DAM", reran it showing Roosevelt reinforcing Ickes, but having no greater success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010374_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010374-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following years, the name "Boulder Dam" failed to fully take hold, with many Americans using both names interchangeably and mapmakers divided as to which name should be printed. Memories of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a> faded, and Hoover to some extent rehabilitated himself through good works during and after World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010381_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010381-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, a bill passed both Houses of Congress unanimously restoring the name "Hoover Dam."<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ickes, who was by then a private citizen, opposed the change, stating, "I didn't know Hoover was that small a man to take credit for something he had nothing to do with."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010381_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010381-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoover Dam was recognized as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Civil_Engineering_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark">National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark</a> in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersWiltshireGilbert2011_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersWiltshireGilbert2011-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1981 and was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1985, cited for its engineering innovations.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_sm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hoover Dam panoramic view from the Arizona side showing the penstock towers, the Nevada-side spillway entrance and the Mike O'Callaghan – Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, also known as the Hoover Dam Bypass"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hoover_sm.jpg/900px-Hoover_sm.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hoover_sm.jpg/1350px-Hoover_sm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hoover_sm.jpg/1800px-Hoover_sm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2143" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_sm.jpg" title="File:Hoover sm.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Hoover Dam panoramic view from the Arizona side showing the penstock towers, the Nevada-side spillway entrance and the <span class="nowrap">Mike O'Callaghan – Pat Tillman</span> Memorial Bridge, also known as the Hoover Dam Bypass</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/32px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/48px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/64px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arizona" title="Portal:Arizona">Arizona portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drinking_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/18px-Drinking_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/28px-Drinking_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/37px-Drinking_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Water" title="Portal:Water">Water portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/28px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/42px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/56px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Luther_Criswell" title="Ralph Luther Criswell">Ralph Luther Criswell</a>, lobbyist on behalf of the dam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_Dam" title="Glen Canyon Dam">Glen Canyon Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_Police" title="Hoover Dam Police">Hoover Dam Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_in_the_Colorado_River_system" title="List of dams in the Colorado River system">List of dams in the Colorado River system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_hydroelectric_power_stations" title="List of largest hydroelectric power stations">List of largest hydroelectric power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_hydroelectric_power_stations_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest hydroelectric power stations in the United States">List of largest hydroelectric power stations in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Arizona" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona">List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Nevada" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada">List of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Nevada" title="St. Thomas, Nevada">St. Thomas, Nevada</a>, ghost town with site now under Lake Mead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water in California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_in_popular_culture" title="Hoover Dam in popular culture">Hoover Dam in popular culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-inflation-USGDP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonWilliamson2023" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/usgdp/">"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+U.S.+GDP+Then%3F&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Samuel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.measuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fusgdp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span> United States <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product_deflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product deflator">Gross Domestic Product deflator</a> figures follow the <i>MeasuringWorth</i> series. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meadfaq-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meadfaq_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120520123627/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/lakefaqs.html">"Frequently Asked Questions: Lake Mead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/lakefaqs.html">the original</a> on May 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+Lake+Mead&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Reclamation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2Ffaqs%2Flakefaqs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Las_Vegas_Sun-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Las_Vegas_Sun_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lasvegassun.com/news/2021/jun/27/what-you-need-to-know-about-lake-meads-falling-wat/">"What you need to know about Lake Mead's falling water levels"</a>. June 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+you+need+to+know+about+Lake+Mead%27s+falling+water+levels&rft.date=2021-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flasvegassun.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2Fjun%2F27%2Fwhat-you-need-to-know-about-lake-meads-falling-wat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrhp-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nrhp_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/81000382_text">"Inventory-Nomination form: Hoover Dam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Register of Historic Places</i>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=Inventory-Nomination+form%3A+Hoover+Dam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F81000382_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhlsum-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100716043900/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1836&ResourceType=Structure">"Hoover Dam"</a>. <i>National Historic Landmark summary listing</i>. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1836&ResourceType=Structure">the original</a> on July 16, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+summary+listing&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D1836%26ResourceType%3DStructure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waterandpower.org/Construction_of_Hoover_Dam.html">"Construction of Hoover Dam"</a>. <i>Water and Power Associates</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Water+and+Power+Associates&rft.atitle=Construction+of+Hoover+Dam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaterandpower.org%2FConstruction_of_Hoover_Dam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/nevada-and-arizona-hoover-dam.htm">"Nevada and Arizona: Hoover Dam (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Nevada+and+Arizona%3A+Hoover+Dam+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fnevada-and-arizona-hoover-dam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201020–27-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201020–27_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 20–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201041–50-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201041–50_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 41–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201057–60-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201057–60_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 57–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201055–56-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201055–56_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201058–59-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201058–59_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201058–59_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 58–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20012_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunarMcBride2001">Dunar & McBride 2001</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201067-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201067_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201068-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201068_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201068_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20016-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride20016_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunarMcBride2001">Dunar & McBride 2001</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198826–27-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198826–27_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198826–27_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrrc.arizona.edu/publications/arroyo-newsletter/sharing-colorado-river-water-history-public-policy-and-colorado-river">"Sharing Colorado River Water: History, Public Policy and the Colorado River Compact"</a>. <i>wrrc.arizona.edu</i>. December 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrrc.arizona.edu&rft.atitle=Sharing+Colorado+River+Water%3A+History%2C+Public+Policy+and+the+Colorado+River+Compact&rft.date=2011-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrrc.arizona.edu%2Fpublications%2Farroyo-newsletter%2Fsharing-colorado-river-water-history-public-policy-and-colorado-river&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201073–79-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201073–79_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 73–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201081–87-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik201081–87_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 81–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2007" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, J. David (September 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/st_francis_dam/index.htm">"Impacts of the 1928 St. Francis Dam Failure on Geology, Civil Engineering, and America"</a>. <i>2007 Annual Meeting Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists</i>. Missouri University of Science & Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211184431/http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/st_francis_dam/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=2007+Annual+Meeting+Association+of+Environmental+and+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+the+1928+St.+Francis+Dam+Failure+on+Geology%2C+Civil+Engineering%2C+and+America&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mst.edu%2F~rogersda%2Fst_francis_dam%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2010-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2010_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2010">Rogers 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010118-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010118_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/70/642">70–642</a>, H.R. 5773, 45 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-45-1057">1057</a>, enacted <span data-sort-value="000000001928-12-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 21, 1928</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198827-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198827_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010120-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010120_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198827–28-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198827–28_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198834-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198834_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198835–42-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198835–42_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 35–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010174-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010174_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198845–46-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198845–46_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010144–145-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010144–145_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200128-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200128_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunarMcBride2001">Dunar & McBride 2001</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200132-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200132_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunarMcBride2001">Dunar & McBride 2001</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198853–54-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198853–54_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010194-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010194_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010317-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010317_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010317_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010315-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010315_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198865-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198865_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198856-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198856_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200140-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride200140_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunarMcBride2001">Dunar & McBride 2001</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010219–220-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010219–220_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 219–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010223-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010223_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010226–228-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010226–228_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 226–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010230-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010230_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010234–237-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010234–237_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 234–237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198870–73-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198870–73_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 70–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198873–78-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198873–78_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 73–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198878-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198878_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010362–365-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010362–365_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 362–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usbrfaq-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usbrfaq_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514124746/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/faq.html">"Lower Colorado Bureau of Reclamation: Hoover Dam, Facts and Figures"</a>. <i>FAQ</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/faq.html">the original</a> on May 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FAQ&rft.atitle=Lower+Colorado+Bureau+of+Reclamation%3A+Hoover+Dam%2C+Facts+and+Figures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fregion%2Fpao%2Fbrochures%2Ffaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hovtun-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hovtun_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hovtun_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hovtun_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623012153/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/tunnels.html">"Tunnels"</a>. <i>Essays</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/tunnels.html">the original</a> on June 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essays&rft.atitle=Tunnels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Fessays%2Ftunnels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens198884-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens198884_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010305–306-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010305–306_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 305–306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_Cofferdams-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Cofferdams_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Cofferdams_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623012106/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/coffer.html">"Cofferdams"</a>. <i>Essays</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/coffer.html">the original</a> on June 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essays&rft.atitle=Cofferdams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Fessays%2Fcoffer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010318–319-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010318–319_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 318–319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olberhelman, Olberhelman, and Lampe. Quail Lakes & Coal: Energy for Wildlife ... and the World, 2013, page 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_High_Scalers-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_High_Scalers_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528192251/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/hscaler.html">"High Scalers"</a>. <i>Essays</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/hscaler.html">the original</a> on May 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essays&rft.atitle=High+Scalers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Fessays%2Fhscaler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010308–309-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010308–309_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 308–309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988104-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988104_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010331–332-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010331–332_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 331–332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010387–390-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010387–390_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 387–390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers_2005-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_2005_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2005" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, J. David (September 22, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/hoover_dam/Grout%20Curtain%20Failure-Hoover%20Dam.pdf">"Hoover Dam: Grout Curtain Failure and Lessons Learned in Site Characterization"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921151521/http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/hoover_dam/Grout%20Curtain%20Failure-Hoover%20Dam.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoover+Dam%3A+Grout+Curtain+Failure+and+Lessons+Learned+in+Site+Characterization&rft.date=2005-09-22&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mst.edu%2F~rogersda%2Fhoover_dam%2FGrout%2520Curtain%2520Failure-Hoover%2520Dam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010323–324-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010323–324_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 323–324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010325–326-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010325–326_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 325–326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988193–194-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988193–194_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 193–194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010327–330-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010327–330_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 327–330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartojayJoy2010-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartojayJoy2010_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartojayJoy2010_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBartojayJoy2010">Bartojay & Joy 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010366–369-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010366–369_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 366–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010373-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010373_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010373_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010304-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010304_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010372_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988250–252-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988250–252_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, pp. 250–252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_Hover_Artwork-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Hover_Artwork_74-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623012044/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/artwork.html">"Artwork"</a>. <i>Essays</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/artwork.html">the original</a> on June 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essays&rft.atitle=Artwork&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Fessays%2Fartwork.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blf1-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blf1_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blf1_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blf1_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blf1_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515221421/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/fatal.html">"Fatalities"</a>. <i>Essays</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/fatal.html">the original</a> on May 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essays&rft.atitle=Fatalities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Fessays%2Ffatal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuTemple2003" class="citation book cs1">DuTemple, Lesley (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hooverdam00dute/page/82"><i>The Hoover Dam</i></a>. Twenty-First Century Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hooverdam00dute/page/82">82</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822546914" title="Special:BookSources/0822546914"><bdi>0822546914</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hoover+Dam&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0822546914&rft.aulast=DuTemple&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhooverdam00dute%2Fpage%2F82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital-desert.com/hoover-dam/fatalities.html">"Fatalities at Hoover Dam"</a>. <i>Desert Gazette</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220112832/http://digital-desert.com/hoover-dam/fatalities.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Desert+Gazette&rft.atitle=Fatalities+at+Hoover+Dam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital-desert.com%2Fhoover-dam%2Ffatalities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230171345/https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/history/essays/fat1935.html">"Hoover Dam: 1935 Fatalities"</a>. <i>United States Bureau of Reclamation</i>. March 12, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/history/essays/fat1935.html">the original</a> on December 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Bureau+of+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam%3A+1935+Fatalities&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2Fhistory%2Fessays%2Ffat1935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988320-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988320_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010284–286-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010284–286_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010284–286_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 284–286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I&T-2010.V25.2-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-I&T-2010.V25.2_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenton2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Denton, Sally (Summer 2010). "Hoover's Promise: The Dam That Remade The American West Celebrates Its 75th Anniversary". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage%27s_Invention_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage's Invention & Technology">American Heritage's Invention & Technology</a></i>. Vol. 25, no. 2. pp. 14–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage%27s+Invention+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Hoover%27s+Promise%3A+The+Dam+That+Remade+The+American+West+Celebrates+Its+75th+Anniversary&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=14-25&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Denton&rft.aufirst=Sally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span> Quote, p.22: "In one five day period alone, 14 workers died from heat prostration."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009341-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009341_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009341_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrueKirby2009">True & Kirby 2009</a>, p. 341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhinehart_2004-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rhinehart_2004_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhinehart2004" class="citation web cs1">Rhinehart, Julian (September 10, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112041254/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/rhinehart1.html">"The Grand Dam"</a>. <i>Articles</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/rhinehart1.html">the original</a> on January 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Articles&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Dam&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.aulast=Rhinehart&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Farticles%2Frhinehart1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009342–343-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009342–343_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009342–343_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrueKirby2009">True & Kirby 2009</a>, pp. 342–343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009346-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009346_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrueKirby2009">True & Kirby 2009</a>, p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009343-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009343_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrueKirby2009">True & Kirby 2009</a>, p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009358-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009358_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrueKirby2009">True & Kirby 2009</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009354–356-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009354–356_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrueKirby2009">True & Kirby 2009</a>, pp. 354–356.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009361–362-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueKirby2009361–362_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrueKirby2009">True & Kirby 2009</a>, pp. 361–362.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379–380-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379–380_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 379–380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200643-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200643_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_Reclamation2006">Bureau of Reclamation 2006</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/history/essays/jetflow.html">"Catching a Wave - Jet Flow Gate Testing Brings a Crowd"</a>. <i>www.usbr.gov</i>. March 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usbr.gov&rft.atitle=Catching+a+Wave+-+Jet+Flow+Gate+Testing+Brings+a+Crowd&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2Fhistory%2Fessays%2Fjetflow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_Chronology-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Chronology_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Chronology_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100928180218/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/chrono.html">"Chronology"</a>. <i>Articles</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/chrono.html">the original</a> on September 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Articles&rft.atitle=Chronology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Farticles%2Fchrono.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988248-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988248_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988248_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001280–281-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001280–281_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunarMcBride2001">Dunar & McBride 2001</a>, pp. 280–281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A2Z_Las_Vegas,_Hoover-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A2Z_Las_Vegas,_Hoover_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a2zlasvegas.com/otherside/sights/hoover.html">"Hoover Dam and Lake Mead"</a>. <i>Las Vegas Online Entertainment Guide</i>. Charleston Communications, A2Z Las Vegas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203214412/http://www.a2zlasvegas.com/otherside/sights/hoover.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Las+Vegas+Online+Entertainment+Guide&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam+and+Lake+Mead&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a2zlasvegas.com%2Fotherside%2Fsights%2Fhoover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-powerfaq-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-powerfaq_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powerfaq_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powerfaq_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powerfaq_97-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powerfaq_97-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powerfaq_97-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323052336/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/powerfaq.html">"Frequently Asked Questions: Hydropower"</a>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/powerfaq.html">the original</a> on March 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+Hydropower&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Reclamation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2Ffaqs%2Fpowerfaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200640-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200640_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_Reclamation2006">Bureau of Reclamation 2006</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoRCRSRDec15-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoRCRSRDec15_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806014956/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo/2015/DEC15.pdf">"OPERATION PLAN FOR COLORADO RIVER SYSTEM RESERVOIRS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bureau of Reclamation. December 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo/2015/DEC15.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OPERATION+PLAN+FOR+COLORADO+RIVER+SYSTEM+RESERVOIRS&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Reclamation&rft.date=2015-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fregion%2Fg4000%2F24mo%2F2015%2FDEC15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Receding}-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Receding}_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuckro2014" class="citation web cs1">Kuckro, Rod (June 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060002129">"Receding Lake Mead poses challenges to Hoover Dam's power output"</a>. E&E Publishing, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621142311/http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060002129">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Receding+Lake+Mead+poses+challenges+to+Hoover+Dam%27s+power+output&rft.pub=E%26E+Publishing%2C+LLC&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.aulast=Kuckro&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eenews.net%2Fstories%2F1060002129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinsius2016" class="citation web cs1">Heinsius, Ryan (July 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knau.org/post/lake-mead-drops-its-lowest-ever-level">"Lake Mead Drops to its Lowest-Ever Level"</a>. <i>knau.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716132418/http://knau.org/post/lake-mead-drops-its-lowest-ever-level">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knau.org&rft.atitle=Lake+Mead+Drops+to+its+Lowest-Ever+Level&rft.date=2016-07-15&rft.aulast=Heinsius&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknau.org%2Fpost%2Flake-mead-drops-its-lowest-ever-level&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WRRC-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WRRC_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapehart2015" class="citation web cs1">Capehart, Mary Ann (Winter 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrrc.arizona.edu/drought-diminishes-hydropower">"Drought Diminishes Hydropower Capacity in Western U.S."</a> Water Resources Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524215131/https://wrrc.arizona.edu/drought-diminishes-hydropower">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drought+Diminishes+Hydropower+Capacity+in+Western+U.S.&rft.pub=Water+Resources+Research+Center&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Capehart&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrrc.arizona.edu%2Fdrought-diminishes-hydropower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mead.uslakes.info/level.asp">"Lake Mead Water Level"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306114915/http://mead.uslakes.info/Level.asp">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+Mead+Water+Level&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmead.uslakes.info%2Flevel.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57436860">"Lake Mead: Largest US reservoir dips to record low"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. June 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lake+Mead%3A+Largest+US+reservoir+dips+to+record+low&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-57436860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_James2021" class="citation web cs1">Ian James (May 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azcentral.com/in-depth/news/local/arizona-environment/2021/05/27/hoover-dam-drought-water-levels-lake-mead/5134031001/">"Hoover Dam, symbol of the modern West, faces a new test with an epic water shortage"</a>. <i>azcentral.com</i>. The Arizona Republic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azcentral.com&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam%2C+symbol+of+the+modern+West%2C+faces+a+new+test+with+an+epic+water+shortage&rft.date=2021-05-27&rft.au=Ian+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azcentral.com%2Fin-depth%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farizona-environment%2F2021%2F05%2F27%2Fhoover-dam-drought-water-levels-lake-mead%2F5134031001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_Hoover_Dam_and_Powerplant-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Hoover_Dam_and_Powerplant_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Hoover_Dam_and_Powerplant_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613151420/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/hoover.html">"Hoover Dam and Powerplant"</a>. <i>Brochures</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/hoover.html">the original</a> on June 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brochures&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam+and+Powerplant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fregion%2Fpao%2Fbrochures%2Fhoover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041117235355/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/parker.html">"Parker Dam and Powerplant"</a>. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/parker.html">the original</a> on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parker+Dam+and+Powerplant&rft.pub=U.S.+Bureau+of+Reclamation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fregion%2Fpao%2Fbrochures%2Fparker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaloney2018" class="citation news cs1">Maloney, Peter (July 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utilitydive.com/news/los-angeles-considers-3b-pumped-storage-project-at-hoover-dam/528699/">"Los Angeles considers $3B pumped storage project at Hoover Dam"</a>. <i>Utility Dive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092914/https://www.utilitydive.com/news/los-angeles-considers-3b-pumped-storage-project-at-hoover-dam/528699/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Utility+Dive&rft.atitle=Los+Angeles+considers+%243B+pumped+storage+project+at+Hoover+Dam&rft.date=2018-07-26&rft.aulast=Maloney&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utilitydive.com%2Fnews%2Flos-angeles-considers-3b-pumped-storage-project-at-hoover-dam%2F528699%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanley2018" class="citation web cs1">Hanley, Steve (July 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2018/07/26/city-of-los-angeles-wants-to-turn-hoover-dam-into-worlds-largest-pumped-energy-storage-facility/">"City Of Los Angeles Wants To Turn Hoover Dam Into World's Largest Pumped Energy Storage Facility"</a>. <i>CleanTechnica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092810/https://cleantechnica.com/2018/07/26/city-of-los-angeles-wants-to-turn-hoover-dam-into-worlds-largest-pumped-energy-storage-facility/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CleanTechnica&rft.atitle=City+Of+Los+Angeles+Wants+To+Turn+Hoover+Dam+Into+World%27s+Largest+Pumped+Energy+Storage+Facility&rft.date=2018-07-26&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcleantechnica.com%2F2018%2F07%2F26%2Fcity-of-los-angeles-wants-to-turn-hoover-dam-into-worlds-largest-pumped-energy-storage-facility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuartz2018" class="citation cs2">Quartz (August 22, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/PRmDm_EusRU"><i>The plan to turn Hoover Dam into a giant battery</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRmDm_EusRU">the original</a> on October 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+plan+to+turn+Hoover+Dam+into+a+giant+battery&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft.au=Quartz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPRmDm_EusRU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lien-Mager_2011-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lien-Mager_2011_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lien-Mager_2011_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLien-Mager2011" class="citation news cs1">Lien-Mager, Lisa (December 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714164802/http://www.acwa.com/news/federal-relations/president-signs-hoover-dam-power-allocation-act">"President signs Hoover Dam Power Allocation Act"</a>. <i>ACWA News</i>. Association of California Water Agencies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acwa.com/news/federal-relations/president-signs-hoover-dam-power-allocation-act">the original</a> on July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACWA+News&rft.atitle=President+signs+Hoover+Dam+Power+Allocation+Act&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft.aulast=Lien-Mager&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acwa.com%2Fnews%2Ffederal-relations%2Fpresident-signs-hoover-dam-power-allocation-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cheap_power-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cheap_power_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolchin1984" class="citation web cs1">Tolchin, Martin (May 4, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/04/us/house-after-stiff-debate-backs-cheap-power-for-3-western-states.html">"House, after stiff debate, backs cheap power for 3 Western states"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101653/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/04/us/house-after-stiff-debate-backs-cheap-power-for-3-western-states.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=House%2C+after+stiff+debate%2C+backs+cheap+power+for+3+Western+states&rft.date=1984-05-04&rft.aulast=Tolchin&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F05%2F04%2Fus%2Fhouse-after-stiff-debate-backs-cheap-power-for-3-western-states.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200650–52-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200650–52_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Reclamation200650–52_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_Reclamation2006">Bureau of Reclamation 2006</a>, pp. 50–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recspi-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-recspi_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recspi_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314062811/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/spillways.html">"Spillways"</a>. <i>Essays</i>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/spillways.html">the original</a> on March 14, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essays&rft.atitle=Spillways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2FHistory%2Fessays%2Fspillways.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiedler2010-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiedler2010_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiedler2010_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFiedler2010">Fiedler 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010391–392-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010391–392_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010391–392_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, pp. 391–392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Holstege2010" class="citation web cs1">Sean Holstege (October 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/20101017hoover-dam-bypass-bridge-opening.html">"Hoover Dam Bypass an American Triumph"</a>. <i>azcentral.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azcentral.com&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam+Bypass+an+American+Triumph&rft.date=2010-10-17&rft.au=Sean+Holstege&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azcentral.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F20101017hoover-dam-bypass-bridge-opening.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_Crossing_Hoover-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Crossing_Hoover_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528060416/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/crossingguide.pdf">"Crossing Hoover Dam: A Guide for Motorists"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/crossingguide.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crossing+Hoover+Dam%3A+A+Guide+for+Motorists&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Reclamation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2Fcrossingguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansen_2010-10-20-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_2010-10-20_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2010" class="citation news cs1">Hansen, Kyle (October 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39760784">"Hoover Dam bypass bridge finally opens"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. AP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam+bypass+bridge+finally+opens&rft.date=2010-10-20&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna39760784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hdbfaq-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hdbfaq_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613031657/http://hooverdambypass.org/faq.htm">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>The Hoover Dam Bypass Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hooverdambypass.org/faq.htm">the original</a> on June 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hoover+Dam+Bypass+Project&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hooverdambypass.org%2Ffaq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_Hoover_Tour-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Hoover_Tour_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528053724/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/service/index.html">"Hoover Tour information"</a>. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/service/index.html">the original</a> on May 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoover+Tour+information&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Reclamation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fhooverdam%2Fservice%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010379_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trips_To_Discover-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trips_To_Discover_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaryn_Wofford2018" class="citation web cs1">Karyn Wofford (December 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripstodiscover.com/the-hoover-dam-everything-you-need-to-know-about-visiting/">"The Hoover Dam – Everything You Need to Know About Visiting"</a>. <i>Trips to Discover</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trips+to+Discover&rft.atitle=The+Hoover+Dam+%E2%80%93+Everything+You+Need+to+Know+About+Visiting&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.au=Karyn+Wofford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripstodiscover.com%2Fthe-hoover-dam-everything-you-need-to-know-about-visiting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996">Glenn Lee et al. 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burns_2001-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burns_2001_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2001" class="citation book cs1">Burns, William C. G. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFkvJekTJ9wC&q=%22hoover%20dam%22%20%22colorado%20river%20delta%22&pg=PA139"><i>The World's Water, 2002–2003: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources</i></a>. Washington DC: Island Press. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-949-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-949-1"><bdi>978-1-55963-949-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Water%2C+2002%E2%80%932003%3A+The+Biennial+Report+on+Freshwater+Resources&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-55963-949-1&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=William+C.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFkvJekTJ9wC%26q%3D%2522hoover%2520dam%2522%2520%2522colorado%2520river%2520delta%2522%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez_Flessa_et_al.2001-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez_Flessa_et_al.2001_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodriguez_Flessa_et_al.2001">Rodriguez Flessa et al. 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidt_Webb_et_al.1998-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidt_Webb_et_al.1998_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmidt_Webb_et_al.1998">Schmidt Webb et al. 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn2001-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn2001_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohn2001">Cohn 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinckley_Marsh_et_al.2003-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinckley_Marsh_et_al.2003_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMinckley_Marsh_et_al.2003">Minckley Marsh et al. 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FWS,_Colorado_River_Recovery-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FWS,_Colorado_River_Recovery_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/ColoradoRiverrecovery">"Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program"</a>. US Fish and Wildlife Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219120559/http://www.fws.gov/coloradoriverrecovery/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Upper+Colorado+River+Endangered+Fish+Recovery+Program&rft.pub=US+Fish+and+Wildlife+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2FColoradoRiverrecovery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBR,_Boulder_Canyon_Project_Act-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USBR,_Boulder_Canyon_Project_Act_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613142851/http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g1000/pdfiles/bcpact.pdf">"Boulder Canyon Project Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. December 21, 1928. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g1000/pdfiles/bcpact.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulder+Canyon+Project+Act&rft.date=1928-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Flc%2Fregion%2Fg1000%2Fpdfiles%2Fbcpact.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunarMcBride2001305_132-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunarMcBride2001">Dunar & McBride 2001</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings1939254-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings1939254_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings1939">Cummings 1939</a>, p. 254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Congressional Record</i>, Vol. 74 part 1, p. 646</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens1988246-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens1988246_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1988">Stevens 1988</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010374-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010374_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010381-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010381_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltzik2010381_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltzik2010">Hiltzik 2010</a>, p. 381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/80th-congress/c80s1.pdf"><i>H. J. Res. 140. To restore the name of Hoover Dam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, US Government Printing Office, April 30, 1947, pp. 56–57, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230115512/https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/80th-congress/c80s1.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.+J.+Res.+140.+To+restore+the+name+of+Hoover+Dam&rft.pages=56-57&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1947-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Flaw%2Fhelp%2Fstatutes-at-large%2F80th-congress%2Fc80s1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersWiltshireGilbert2011-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersWiltshireGilbert2011_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogersWiltshireGilbert2011">Rogers, Wiltshire & Gilbert 2011</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_works">Cited works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cited works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Reclamation2006" class="citation book cs1">Bureau of Reclamation (2006). <i>Reclamation: Managing Water in the West: Hoover Dam</i>. US Department of the Interior.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reclamation%3A+Managing+Water+in+the+West%3A+Hoover+Dam&rft.pub=US+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Bureau+of+Reclamation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummings1939" class="citation book cs1">Cummings, Homer (1939). <i>Selected Papers of Homer Cummings</i>. New York: Scribners.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+of+Homer+Cummings&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribners&rft.date=1939&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=Homer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunarMcBride2001" class="citation book cs1">Dunar, Andrew J.; McBride, Dennis (2001) [1993]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780874174892"><i>Building Hoover Dam: An Oral History of the Great Depression</i></a>. Reno, Nev.: University of Nevada Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87417-489-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87417-489-2"><bdi>978-0-87417-489-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Hoover+Dam%3A+An+Oral+History+of+the+Great+Depression&rft.place=Reno%2C+Nev.&rft.pub=University+of+Nevada+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87417-489-2&rft.aulast=Dunar&rft.aufirst=Andrew+J.&rft.au=McBride%2C+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780874174892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiltzik2010" class="citation book cs1">Hiltzik, Michael A. (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colossushooverda0000hilt"><i>Colossus: Hoover Dam and the Making of the American Century</i></a></span>. New York: Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3216-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3216-3"><bdi>978-1-4165-3216-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colossus%3A+Hoover+Dam+and+the+Making+of+the+American+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-3216-3&rft.aulast=Hiltzik&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolossushooverda0000hilt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofhooverdam00inge"><i>The Story of the Hoover Dam</i></a>. Las Vegas: Nevada Publications, Inc. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913814-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913814-79-6"><bdi>978-0-913814-79-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Hoover+Dam&rft.place=Las+Vegas&rft.pub=Nevada+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-913814-79-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofhooverdam00inge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersWiltshireGilbert2011" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Jerry; Wiltshire, Richard; Gilbert, David (2011). "Celebrating the 75th Anniversary of Hoover Dam: Highlights of the October 20–22, 2010, ASCE Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium/Tours/Proceedings". In R. Edward Beighley II; Mark W. Killgore (eds.). <i>World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011: Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1061%2F41173%28414%29200">10.1061/41173(414)200</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1173-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1173-5"><bdi>978-0-7844-1173-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Celebrating+the+75th+Anniversary+of+Hoover+Dam%3A+Highlights+of+the+October+20%E2%80%9322%2C+2010%2C+ASCE+Hoover+Dam+75th+Anniversary+History+Symposium%2FTours%2FProceedings&rft.btitle=World+Environmental+and+Water+Resources+Congress+2011%3A+Bearing+Knowledge+for+Sustainability&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1061%2F41173%28414%29200&rft.isbn=978-0-7844-1173-5&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.au=Wiltshire%2C+Richard&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens1988" class="citation book cs1">Stevens, Joseph E. (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hooverdamamerica00stev"><i>Hoover Dam: An American Adventure</i></a></span>. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2283-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2283-0"><bdi>978-0-8061-2283-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoover+Dam%3A+An+American+Adventure&rft.place=Norman%2C+OK&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2283-0&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhooverdamamerica00stev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrueKirby2009" class="citation book cs1">True, Jere; Kirby, Victoria Tupper (2009). <i>Allen Tupper True: An American Artist</i>. San Francisco: Canyon Leap. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9817238-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9817238-1-5"><bdi>978-0-9817238-1-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allen+Tupper+True%3A+An+American+Artist&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Canyon+Leap&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9817238-1-5&rft.aulast=True&rft.aufirst=Jere&rft.au=Kirby%2C+Victoria+Tupper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arrigo, Anthony F. (2014). <i>Imaging Hoover Dam: The Making of a Cultural Icon</i>. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartojayJoy2010" class="citation conference cs1">Bartojay, Katie; Joy, Westin (October 21–22, 2010). Wiltshire, Richard L.; Gilbert, David R.; Rogers, Jerry R. (eds.). <i>Long-Term Properties of Hoover Dam Mass Concrete</i>. <i>Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium</i>. Las Vegas, Nevada: <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. pp. 74–84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1141-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1141-4"><bdi>978-0-7844-1141-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Hoover+Dam+75th+Anniversary+History+Symposium&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Properties+of+Hoover+Dam+Mass+Concrete&rft.pages=74-84&rft.date=2010-10-21%2F2010-10-22&rft.isbn=978-0-7844-1141-4&rft.aulast=Bartojay&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Joy%2C+Westin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2001" class="citation journal cs1">Cohn, Jeffrey P. (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282001%29051%5B0998%3ARTDALA%5D2.0.CO%3B2">"Resurrecting the Dammed: A Look at Colorado River Restoration"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>51</b> (12): 998–1003. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282001%29051%5B0998%3ARTDALA%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0998:RTDALA]2.0.CO;2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=Resurrecting+the+Dammed%3A+A+Look+at+Colorado+River+Restoration&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=998-1003&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1641%2F0006-3568%282001%29051%5B0998%3ARTDALA%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1641%252F0006-3568%25282001%2529051%255B0998%253ARTDALA%255D2.0.CO%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiedler2010" class="citation conference cs1">Fiedler, William R. (October 21–22, 2010). Wiltshire, Richard L.; Gilbert, David R.; Rogers, Jerry R. (eds.). <i>Performance of Spillway Structures Using Hoover Dam Spillways as a Benchmark</i>. <i>Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium</i>. Las Vegas, Nevada: <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. pp. 267–287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1141-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1141-4"><bdi>978-0-7844-1141-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Hoover+Dam+75th+Anniversary+History+Symposium&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Spillway+Structures+Using+Hoover+Dam+Spillways+as+a+Benchmark&rft.pages=267-287&rft.date=2010-10-21%2F2010-10-22&rft.isbn=978-0-7844-1141-4&rft.aulast=Fiedler&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996" class="citation journal cs1">Glenn, Edward P.; Lee, Christopher; Felger, Richard; Zengel, Scott (August 1996). "Effects of Water Management on the Wetlands of the Colorado River Delta, Mexico". <i>Conservation Biology</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 1175–1186. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996ConBi..10.1175G">1996ConBi..10.1175G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.1996.10041175.x">10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041175.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2387153">2387153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Water+Management+on+the+Wetlands+of+the+Colorado+River+Delta%2C+Mexico&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1175-1186&rft.date=1996-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2387153%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.1996.10041175.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996ConBi..10.1175G&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=Edward+P.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Felger%2C+Richard&rft.au=Zengel%2C+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinckley_Marsh_et_al.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Minckley, W. L.; Marsh, Paul C.; Deacon, James E.; Dowling, Thomas E.; Hedrick, Philip W.; Matthews, William J.; Mueller, Gordon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282003%29053%5B0219%3AACPFNF%5D2.0.CO%3B2">"A Conservation Plan for Native Fishes of the Lower Colorado River"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>53</b> (3): 219–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282003%29053%5B0219%3AACPFNF%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0219:ACPFNF]2.0.CO;2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=A+Conservation+Plan+for+Native+Fishes+of+the+Lower+Colorado+River&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=219-234&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1641%2F0006-3568%282003%29053%5B0219%3AACPFNF%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft.aulast=Minckley&rft.aufirst=W.+L.&rft.au=Marsh%2C+Paul+C.&rft.au=Deacon%2C+James+E.&rft.au=Dowling%2C+Thomas+E.&rft.au=Hedrick%2C+Philip+W.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+William+J.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1641%252F0006-3568%25282003%2529053%255B0219%253AACPFNF%255D2.0.CO%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez_Flessa_et_al.2001" class="citation journal cs1">Rodriguez, C. A.; Flessa, K. W.; Téllez-Duarte, M. S.; Dettman, D. L.; Ávila-Serrano, G. A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.arizona.edu/ceam/RodriguezArid.pdf">"Macrofaunal and isotopic estimates of the former extent of the Colorado River estuary, upper Gulf of California, México"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Arid Environments</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 183–193. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JArEn..49..183R">2001JArEn..49..183R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjare.2001.0845">10.1006/jare.2001.0845</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Macrofaunal+and+isotopic+estimates+of+the+former+extent+of+the+Colorado+River+estuary%2C+upper+Gulf+of+California%2C+M%C3%A9xico&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=183-193&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjare.2001.0845&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001JArEn..49..183R&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rft.au=Flessa%2C+K.+W.&rft.au=T%C3%A9llez-Duarte%2C+M.+S.&rft.au=Dettman%2C+D.+L.&rft.au=%C3%81vila-Serrano%2C+G.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geo.arizona.edu%2Fceam%2FRodriguezArid.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2010" class="citation conference cs1">Rogers, J. David (October 21–22, 2010). Wiltshire, Richard L.; Gilbert, David R.; Rogers, Jerry R. (eds.). <i>Hoover Dam: Evolution of the Dam's Design</i>. <i>Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium</i>. Las Vegas, Nevada: <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. pp. 85–123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1141-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-1141-4"><bdi>978-0-7844-1141-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Hoover+Dam+75th+Anniversary+History+Symposium&rft.atitle=Hoover+Dam%3A+Evolution+of+the+Dam%27s+Design&rft.pages=85-123&rft.date=2010-10-21%2F2010-10-22&rft.isbn=978-0-7844-1141-4&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt_Webb_et_al.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt, John C.; Webb, Robert H.; Valdez, Richard A.; Marzolf, G. Richard; Stevens, Lawrence E. (September 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1313336">"Science and Values in River Restoration in the Grand Canyon"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>48</b> (9): 735–747. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1313336">10.2307/1313336</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1313336">1313336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=Science+and+Values+in+River+Restoration+in+the+Grand+Canyon&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=735-747&rft.date=1998-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1313336&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1313336%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.au=Webb%2C+Robert+H.&rft.au=Valdez%2C+Richard+A.&rft.au=Marzolf%2C+G.+Richard&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Lawrence+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%252F1313336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoover+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hoover_Dam" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travelnevada.com/discover/32593/hoover-dam">Hoover Dam – Visitors Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructioncompany.com/historic-construction-projects/hoover-dam">Historic Construction Company Project – Hoover Dam</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20000136">Hoover Dam</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Structurae" title="Structurae">Structurae</a></i></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tmp_BoulderD_2"><i>"Boulder Dam"</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BoulderD1931"><i>"Boulder Dam (Part I) (1931)</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BoulderD1931_2"><i>"Boulder Dam (Parts III and IV) (1931)"</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.37058"><i>"The story of Hoover Dam"</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/video/american-experience-hoover-dam/">Hoover Dam</a></i> – An <i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i> Documentary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcmha.org">Boulder City/Hoover Dam Museum official site</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Engineering Record">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) documentation:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>HAER No. NV-27, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0244/">Hoover Dam, Spanning Colorado River at Route 93, Boulder City, Clark County, NV</a>", 45 photos, 228 data pages, 8 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-A, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0325/">Hoover Dam, Los Angeles Switch Yard</a>", 14 photos, 6 data pages, 4 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-B, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0326/">Hoover Dam, Southern California Edison 138-kV Switchyard</a>", 7 photos, 5 data pages, 3 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-C, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0327/">Hoover Dam, Metropolitan Water District Switchyard</a>", 18 photos, 6 data pages, 3 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-D, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0328/">Hoover Dam, Nevada State Switchyard</a>", 7 photos, 6 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-E, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0329/">Hoover Dam, Southern California Edison 230-kV Switchyard</a>", 18 photos, 5 data pages, 4 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-F, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0330/">Hoover Dam, Arizona–Nevada Switchyard</a>", 23 photos, 5 data pages, 4 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-G, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0331/">Hoover Dam, Static Towers and Lines</a>", 6 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-H, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0332/">Hoover Dam, Los Angeles Relay Control Building</a>", 10 photos, 4 data pages, 3 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-I, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0333/">Hoover Dam, Switchyard Firehouse</a>", 5 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-J, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0334/">Hoover Dam, Promontory Water Tank</a>", 1 photo, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-K, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0335/">Hoover Dam, Cable Hoist House</a>", 6 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-L, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0336/">Hoover Dam, Circuits 1–15</a>", 31 photos, 6 data pages, 5 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-M, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0337/">Hoover Dam, Los Angeles Bureau of Power and Light Lines 1–3</a>", 18 photos, 13 data pages, 6 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-N, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0338/">Hoover Dam, Southern California Edison North and South Lines</a>", 2 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-O, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0339/">Hoover Dam, Hoover–Basic Magnesium North and South Lines</a>", 2 photos, 7 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-P, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0340/">Hoover Dam, Metropolitan Water District Line 1</a>", 10 photos, 7 data pages, 4 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-Q, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0341/">Hoover Dam, U.S. Construction Railroad</a>", 8 photos, 8 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-R, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0342/">Hoover Dam, U.S. Highway 93 Nevada Segment</a>", 11 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-S, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0343/">Hoover Dam, Lower Portal Access Road</a>", 9 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-T, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0344/">Hoover Dam, Kingman Switchyard</a>", 5 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-U, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0345/">Hoover Dam, U.S. Highway 93 Arizona Segment</a>", 7 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-V, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0434/">Hoover Dam, Explosives Magazines</a>", 3 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-W, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0435/">Hoover Dam, Nevada Downstream Waste Tailings</a>", 2 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-X, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0436/">Hoover Dam, Nevada Spoils Tunnel</a>", 4 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-27-Y, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0437/">Hoover Dam, Henderson–Mead Transmission Line 2</a>", 29 photos, 7 data pages, 5 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-42, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0430/">Arizona Gravel Pit Road, 6 to 8 miles northeast of Boulder City, Clark County, NV</a>", 14 data pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-43, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0431/">Hoover Dam Aggregate Classification Plant, 6.5 miles northeast of Boulder City, Clark County, NV</a>", 46 data pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-44, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0432/">Six Companies Railroad, 6 to 8 miles northeast of Boulder City, Clark County, NV</a>", 43 data pages</li> <li>HAER No. NV-45, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nv0441/">Boulder Dam–San Bernardino (115kV) Transmission Line, Eldorado to Ivanpah Section, Primm, Clark County, NV</a>", 52 photos, 21 data pages, 7 photo caption pages</li></ul> </div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crossings_of_the_Colorado_River" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Crossings_of_the_Colorado_River" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crossings of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td width="33%"><b>Upstream</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Bridge" title="Navajo Bridge">Navajo Bridge</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/US_89A.svg/30px-US_89A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/US_89A.svg/45px-US_89A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/US_89A.svg/60px-US_89A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_89A" title="U.S. Route 89A">US 89A</a></td> <td width="34%" style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><b>Hoover Dam</b><br /></td> <td width="33%"><b>Downstream</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Mike_O%27Callaghan%E2%80%93Pat_Tillman_Memorial_Bridge" title="Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge">Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/I-11.svg/24px-I-11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/I-11.svg/36px-I-11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/I-11.svg/48px-I-11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></span></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/US_93.svg/24px-US_93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/US_93.svg/36px-US_93.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/US_93.svg/48px-US_93.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_11" title="Interstate 11">I-11</a> / <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_93" title="U.S. Route 93">US 93</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Clark_County,_Nevada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nevada_State_Historic_Places/Clark" title="Template:Nevada State Historic Places/Clark"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nevada_State_Historic_Places/Clark" title="Template talk:Nevada State Historic Places/Clark"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nevada_State_Historic_Places/Clark" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nevada State Historic Places/Clark"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Clark_County,_Nevada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada">Clark County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Lake_Mead_Boeing_B-29_crash" title="1948 Lake Mead Boeing B-29 crash">B-29 Serial No. 45-21847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Square" title="Berkley Square">Berkley Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_City_Historic_District" title="Boulder City Historic District">Boulder City Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_City_Hospital" title="Boulder City Hospital">Old Boulder City Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Dam_Hotel" title="Boulder Dam Hotel">Boulder Dam Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_City_Museum" title="Lost City Museum">Boulder Dam Park Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownstone_Canyon_Archaeological_District" title="Brownstone Canyon Archaeological District">Brownstone Canyon Archaeological District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Lee_Canyon" title="Camp Lee Canyon">Camp Lee Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Avenue_Railroad_Underpass" title="Clark Avenue Railroad Underpass">Clark Avenue Railroad Underpass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Creek_Campsite" title="Corn Creek Campsite">Corn Creek Campsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Valley_Heritage_Museum" title="Virgin Valley Heritage Museum">Desert Valley Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cortez_(Las_Vegas)" title="El Cortez (Las Vegas)">El Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Eureka Locomotive">Eureka Locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Strike_Canyon-Sugarloaf_Mountain_Traditional_Cultural_Property" title="Gold Strike Canyon-Sugarloaf Mountain Traditional Cultural Property">Gold Strike Canyon-Sugarloaf Mountain Traditional Cultural Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodsprings_Schoolhouse" title="Goodsprings Schoolhouse">Goodsprings Schoolhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine_Canyon_Petroglyphs" title="Grapevine Canyon Petroglyphs">Grapevine Canyon Petroglyphs (AZ:F:14:98 ASM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Shack" title="The Green Shack">Green Shack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsum Cave">Gypsum Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison%27s_Guest_House" title="Harrison's Guest House">Harrison's Guest House</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoover Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntridge_Theater" title="Huntridge Theater">Huntridge Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Park_Historic_District" title="John S. Park Historic District">John S. Park Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Forest_Cabin" title="Hidden Forest Cabin">Hidden Forest Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestake_Mine_(Nevada)" title="Homestake Mine (Nevada)">Homestake Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Dayton_Smith_House" title="Jay Dayton Smith House">Jay Dayton Smith House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Ranch" title="Kyle Ranch">Kyle Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Grammar_School_(Las_Vegas_Boulevard,_Las_Vegas,_Nevada)" title="Las Vegas Grammar School (Las Vegas Boulevard, Las Vegas, Nevada)">Las Vegas Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Grammar_School_(Washington_and_D_Streets,_Las_Vegas,_Nevada)" title="Las Vegas Grammar School (Washington and D Streets, Las Vegas, Nevada)">Las Vegas Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_High_School_Academic_Building,_Gymnasium,_and_Frazier_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas High School Academic Building, Gymnasium, and Frazier Hall">Las Vegas High School Academic Building, Gymnasium, and Frazier Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_High_School_Neighborhood_Historic_District" title="Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District">Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Las_Vegas_Mormon_Fort_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park">Las Vegas Mormon Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Post_Office_and_Courthouse" title="Las Vegas Post Office and Courthouse">Las Vegas Post Office and Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Springs" title="Las Vegas Springs">Las Vegas Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDS_Moapa_Stake_Office_Building" title="LDS Moapa Stake Office Building">LDS Moapa Stake Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Church_of_the_West" title="Little Church of the West">Little Church of the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesquite_High_School_Gymnasium" title="Mesquite High School Gymnasium">Mesquite High School Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Well_Spring" title="Mormon Well Spring">Mormon Well Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge_Hotel" title="Moulin Rouge Hotel">Moulin Rouge Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail/Mormon Road Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_Gymnasium" title="Overton Gymnasium">Overton Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parley_Hunt_House" title="Parley Hunt House">Parley Hunt House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potosi_Mining_District" title="Potosi Mining District">Potosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Grande_de_Nevada" title="Pueblo Grande de Nevada">Pueblo Grande de Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Cottage_Historic_District" title="Railroad Cottage Historic District">Railroad Cottage Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone_Ranch_(Nevada)" title="Sandstone Ranch (Nevada)">Sandstone Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_Mountain_Range_Archeological_District" title="Sheep Mountain Range Archeological District">Sheep Mountain Range Archeological District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloan_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloan Canyon">Sloan Petroglyph Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Mountain_(Nevada)" title="Spirit Mountain (Nevada)">Spirit Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Leavitt_House" title="Thomas Leavitt House">Thomas Leavitt House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Springs_Petroglyphs" title="Tim Springs Petroglyphs">Tim Springs Petroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Springs_Archaeological_Site" title="Tule Springs Archaeological Site">Tule Springs Archaeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Springs_Ranch" title="Tule Springs Ranch">Tule Springs Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Memorial_Cemetery" title="St. Thomas Memorial Cemetery">St. Thomas Memorial Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_School_(North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada)" title="Washington School (North Las Vegas, Nevada)">Washington School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Box_Ranch" title="Walking Box Ranch">Walking Box Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Fabulous_Las_Vegas_sign" title="Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign">The "Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas" Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Beach_Gauging_Station" title="Willow Beach Gauging Station">Willow Beach Gauging Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Cemetery_(Las_Vegas,_Nevada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Las Vegas, Nevada)">Woodlawn Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Nevada_State_Historic_Places" title="Template:Nevada State Historic Places">Nevada State Historic Places by county</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Herbert_Hoover" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Herbert_Hoover" title="Template:Herbert Hoover"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Herbert_Hoover" title="Template talk:Herbert Hoover"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Herbert_Hoover" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Herbert Hoover"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Herbert_Hoover" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">31st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1929–1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3rd <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">United States Secretary of Commerce</a> (1921–1928)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidency of Herbert Hoover">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Herbert_Hoover_presidency" title="Timeline of the Herbert Hoover presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidential transition of Herbert Hoover">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Inauguration of Herbert Hoover">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Foreign policy of Herbert Hoover">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoover Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Marketing_Act_of_1929" title="Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929">Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Board" title="Federal Farm Board">Federal Farm Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reapportionment_Act_of_1929" title="Reapportionment Act of 1929">Reapportionment Act of 1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Wall Street Crash of 1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoot%E2%80%93Hawley_Tariff_Act" title="Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act">Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Funds_Act" title="Cooperative Funds Act">Economy Act of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1932" title="Revenue Act of 1932">Revenue Act of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation" title="Mexican Repatriation">Mexican Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Home_Loan_Bank_Act" title="Federal Home Loan Bank Act">Federal Home Loan Bank Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Home_Loan_Bank_Board" title="Federal Home Loan Bank Board">Federal Home Loan Bank Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Home_Loan_Banks" title="Federal Home Loan Banks">Federal Home Loan Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooverville" title="Hooverville">Hooverville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_Army" title="Bonus Army">Bonus Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">U.S. occupation of Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation of Haiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty" title="London Naval Treaty">London Naval Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Moratorium" title="Hoover Moratorium">Hoover Moratorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimson_Doctrine" title="Stimson Doctrine">Stimson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover#Administration_and_cabinet" title="Herbert Hoover">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_Ball_Cabinet" title="Medicine Ball Cabinet">Medicine Ball Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooverball" title="Hooverball">Hooverball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1929 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1930 State of the Union Address">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Herbert_Hoover" title="List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Herbert Hoover Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Herbert_Hoover" title="List of executive actions by Herbert Hoover">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_desk" title="Hoover desk">Hoover desk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Gwalia#History" title="Sons of Gwalia">Sons of Gwalia mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Zinc" title="Consolidated Zinc">Zinc Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Relief_in_Belgium" title="Commission for Relief in Belgium">Commission for Relief in Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_Foundation" title="University Foundation">University Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_American_Educational_Foundation" title="Belgian American Educational Foundation">Belgian American Educational Foundation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Relief_Administration" title="American Relief Administration">American Relief Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Famine_Relief_Act" title="Russian Famine Relief Act">Russian Famine Relief Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Food_Administration" title="United States Food Administration">U.S. Food Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Polish_Relief" title="Commission for Polish Relief">Commission for Polish Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Relief_Fund" title="Finnish Relief Fund">Finnish Relief Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Commission" title="Hoover Commission">Hoover Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover#Family_background_and_early_life" title="Herbert Hoover">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover_National_Historic_Site" title="Herbert Hoover National Historic Site">Birthplace and childhood home National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover%E2%80%93Minthorn_House" title="Hoover–Minthorn House">Hoover–Minthorn House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover_House" title="Lou Henry Hoover House">Lou Henry Hoover House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapidan_Camp" title="Rapidan Camp">Rapidan Camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Bibliography of Herbert Hoover">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution_Library_and_Archives" title="Hoover Institution Library and Archives">Hoover Institution Library and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Tower" title="Hoover Tower">Hoover Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Hoover_Building" title="Herbert C. Hoover Building">Herbert C. Hoover Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Chair" title="Hoover Chair">Hoover Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Field" title="Hoover Field">Hoover Field</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i> (1979 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angel_of_Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="The Angel of Pennsylvania Avenue">The Angel of Pennsylvania Avenue</a></i> (1996 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Freedom Betrayed</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_re_metallica" title="De re metallica">English translation of <i>De re metallica</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Electoral history of Herbert Hoover">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention, 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Republican_National_Convention" title="1932 Republican National Convention">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Republican_National_Convention" title="1940 Republican National Convention">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover" title="Lou Henry Hoover">Lou Henry Hoover</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover_Jr." title="Herbert Hoover Jr.">Herbert Hoover Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hoover" title="Allan Hoover">Allan Hoover</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Margaret Hoover</a> (great-granddaughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">← Calvin Coolidge</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Herbert_Hoover" title="Category:Herbert Hoover">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colorado_River_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colorado_River_system" title="Template:Colorado River system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colorado_River_system" title="Template talk:Colorado River system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado_River_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado River system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colorado_River_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> system</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jurisdictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United States <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></span></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Topockgorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/100px-Topockgorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/150px-Topockgorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/200px-Topockgorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/100px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/150px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/200px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="2917" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorado_River05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/100px-Colorado_River05.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/150px-Colorado_River05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/200px-Colorado_River05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="1648" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorado_River_Avi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/100px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/150px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/200px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/100px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/150px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/200px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canyons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byers_Canyon" title="Byers Canyon">Byers Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Canyon" title="Gore Canyon">Gore Canyon</a></li> <li>Red Gorge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Canyon" title="Glenwood Canyon">Glenwood Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Beque_Canyon" title="De Beque Canyon">De Beque Canyon</a></li> <li>Horsethief Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Canyon" title="Ruby Canyon">Ruby Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwater_Canyon" title="Westwater Canyon">Westwater Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataract_Canyon" title="Cataract Canyon">Cataract Canyon</a></li> <li>Narrow Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon" title="Glen Canyon">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Marble_Canyon" title="Marble Canyon">Marble Canyon</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Granite Gorge</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Middle Granite Gorge</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Lower Granite Gorge</span></li></ul></li> <li>Grand Wash Canyon</li> <li>Iceberg Canyon</li> <li>Virgin Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Canyon_(Colorado_River)" title="Boulder Canyon (Colorado River)">Boulder Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Colorado" title="Black Canyon of the Colorado">Black Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Canyon" title="Pyramid Canyon">Pyramid Canyon</a></li> <li>Mohave Canyon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Course_of_the_Colorado_River" title="Course of the Colorado River">River course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado River Basin">Colorado River Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake_(Colorado)" title="Grand Lake (Colorado)">Grand Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Bend_(Arizona)" title="Horseshoe Bend (Arizona)">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Valley" title="Lower Colorado River Valley">Lower Colorado River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_Valley" title="Mohave Valley">Mohave Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Valley" title="Parker Valley">Parker Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Valley" title="Palo Verde Valley">Palo Verde Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_River" title="Alamo River">Alamo River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)" title="New River (Mexico–United States)">New River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Delta" title="Colorado River Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Island_(Baja_California)" title="Montague Island (Baja California)">Montague Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Colorado_River" title="List of tributaries of the Colorado River">Tributaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_River_(Colorado)" title="Blue River (Colorado)">Blue River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Devil_River" title="Dirty Devil River">Dirty Devil River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_River" title="Dolores River">Dolores River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_River" title="Escalante River">Escalante River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_River_(Colorado)" title="Eagle River (Colorado)">Eagle River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_River_(Colorado)" title="Fraser River (Colorado)">Fraser River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="Green River (Colorado River tributary)">Green River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison_River" title="Gunnison River">Gunnison River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanab_Creek" title="Kanab Creek">Kanab Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Colorado_River" title="Little Colorado River">Little Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paria_River" title="Paria River">Paria River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Fork_River" title="Roaring Fork River">Roaring Fork River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="San Juan River (Colorado River tributary)">San Juan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_River_(Tapeats_Creek_tributary)" title="Thunder River (Tapeats Creek tributary)">Thunder River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tapeats_Creek" title="Tapeats Creek">Tapeats Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_River" title="Virgin River">Virgin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Wash" title="Las Vegas Wash">Las Vegas Wash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Fork_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="Williams Fork (Colorado River tributary)">Williams Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_River" title="Hardy River">Río Hardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_in_the_Colorado_River_system" title="List of dams in the Colorado River system">Mainstem dams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Mountain_Dam" title="Shadow Mountain Dam">Shadow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granby_Dam" title="Granby Dam">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windy_Gap_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windy Gap Dam (page does not exist)">Windy Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_Diversion_Dam" title="Grand Valley Diversion Dam">Grand Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Price-Stubb_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Price-Stubb Dam (page does not exist)">Price-Stubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_Dam" title="Glen Canyon Dam">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Dam" title="Davis Dam">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Dam" title="Parker Dam">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headgate_Rock_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headgate Rock Dam (page does not exist)">Headgate Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Dam" title="Palo Verde Dam">Palo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Dam" title="Imperial Dam">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Diversion_Dam" title="Laguna Diversion Dam">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelos_Dam" title="Morelos Dam">Morelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major reservoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontenelle_Reservoir" title="Fontenelle Reservoir">Fontenelle Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Gorge_Reservoir" title="Flaming Gorge Reservoir">Flaming Gorge Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mesa_Reservoir" title="Blue Mesa Reservoir">Blue Mesa Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Lake" title="Navajo Lake">Navajo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Powell" title="Lake Powell">Lake Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead" title="Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mohave" title="Lake Mohave">Lake Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Havasu" title="Lake Havasu">Lake Havasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Reservoir" title="Imperial Reservoir">Imperial Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Lake" title="Theodore Roosevelt Lake">Theodore Roosevelt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Lake" title="San Carlos Lake">San Carlos Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aqueducts and<br />canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ditch" title="Grand Ditch">Grand Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Aqueduct" title="Colorado River Aqueduct">Colorado River Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Aqueduct" title="San Diego Aqueduct">San Diego Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Arizona_Project" title="Central Arizona Project">Central Arizona Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-American_Canal" title="All-American Canal">All-American Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Canal" title="Alamo Canal">Alamo Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Canal" title="Coachella Canal">Coachella Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Canyon_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder Canyon Project">Boulder Canyon Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado%E2%80%93Big_Thompson_Project" title="Colorado–Big Thompson Project">Colorado–Big Thompson Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Storage_Project" title="Colorado River Storage Project">Colorado River Storage Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_AVA" title="Grand Valley AVA">Grand Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma_Project" title="Yuma Project">Yuma Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park">Arches National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park">Canyonlands National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Monument" title="Colorado National Monument">Colorado National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Horse_Point_State_Park" title="Dead Horse Point State Park">Dead Horse Point State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Glen Canyon National Recreation Area">Glen Canyon National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park">Rocky Mountain National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_v._California" title="Arizona v. California">Arizona v. California</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Board_of_California" title="Colorado River Board of California">Colorado River Board of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Compact" title="Colorado River Compact">Colorado River Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Dominy" title="Floyd Dominy">Floyd Dominy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee's Ferry">Lee's Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" title="International Boundary and Water Commission">International Boundary and Water Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Water_District_of_Southern_California" title="Metropolitan Water District of Southern California">Metropolitan Water District of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_River_rapids_and_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Colorado River rapids and features">Rapids and features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">U.S. Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mulholland" title="William Mulholland">William Mulholland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_stations_in_Arizona" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_stations_in_Arizona" title="Template:Power stations in Arizona"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Power_stations_in_Arizona" title="Template talk:Power stations in Arizona"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Power_stations_in_Arizona" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Power stations in Arizona"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_stations_in_Arizona" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Arizona" title="List of power stations in Arizona">Power stations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coal-fired<br />generating stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abitibi_Snowflake_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abitibi Snowflake Power Plant (page does not exist)">Abitibi Snowflake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Generating_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apache Generating Station (page does not exist)">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholla_Power_Plant" title="Cholla Power Plant">Cholla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronado_Generating_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronado Generating Station (page does not exist)">Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Wilson_Sundt_Generating_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Wilson Sundt Generating Station (page does not exist)">H. Wilson Sundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Generating_Station" title="Navajo Generating Station">Navajo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gas-fired<br />generating stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agua_Fria_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agua Fria Power Plant (page does not exist)">Agua Fria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlington_Valley_Energy_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlington Valley Energy Facility (page does not exist)">Arlington Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_Basin_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert Basin Power Plant (page does not exist)">Desert Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Power Plant (page does not exist)">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gila_River_Generating_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gila River Generating Station (page does not exist)">Gila River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harquahala_Generating_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harquahala Generating Station (page does not exist)">Harquahala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrene_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrene Power Plant (page does not exist)">Kyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesquite_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesquite Power Plant (page does not exist)">Mesquite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocotillo_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocotillo Power Plant (page does not exist)">Ocotillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redhawk_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redhawk Power Station (page does not exist)">Redhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saguaro_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saguaro Power Plant (page does not exist)">Saguaro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santan_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santan Power Plant (page does not exist)">Santan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundance_Generating_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundance Generating Station (page does not exist)">Sundance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Phoenix_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Phoenix Power Plant (page does not exist)">West Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yucca_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yucca Power Plant (page does not exist)">Yucca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hydroelectric dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childs-Irving_Hydroelectric_Facilities" title="Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Facilities">Childs-Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolidge_Dam" title="Coolidge Dam">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Dam" title="Davis Dam">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_Dam" title="Glen Canyon Dam">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Mesa_Dam" title="Horse Mesa Dam">Horse Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Flat_Dam" title="Mormon Flat Dam">Mormon Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Dam" title="Parker Dam">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Mountain_Dam" title="Stewart Mountain Dam">Stewart Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Dam" title="Theodore Roosevelt Dam">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Arizona" title="Wind power in Arizona">Wind farms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Lake_Wind_Power_Project" title="Dry Lake Wind Power Project">Dry Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perrin_Ranch_Wind_Energy_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perrin Ranch Wind Energy Center (page does not exist)">Perrin Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Horse_2_Wind_and_Solar_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Horse 2 Wind and Solar Project (page does not exist)">Red Horse 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Arizona" title="Solar power in Arizona">Solar thermal plants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solana_Generating_Station" title="Solana Generating Station">Solana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photovoltaic plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Caliente_Solar_Project" title="Agua Caliente Solar Project">Agua Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avra_Valley_Solar_Generating_Station" title="Avra Valley Solar Generating Station">Avra Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesquite_Solar_project" title="Mesquite Solar project">Mesquite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Horse_2_Wind_and_Solar_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Horse 2 Wind and Solar Project (page does not exist)">Red Horse 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station">Palo Verde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Investor-owned_utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Investor-owned utility">Investor-owned utility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freeport-McMoRan" title="Freeport-McMoRan">Ajo Improvement Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Public_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Public Service">Arizona Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeport-McMoRan" title="Freeport-McMoRan">Morenci Water & Electric Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson_Electric_Power" title="Tucson Electric Power">Tucson Electric Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniSource_Energy_Services" title="UniSource Energy Services">UniSource Energy Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community and <br /> municipality owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa Energy Resources Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page,_Arizona" title="Page, Arizona"> Page Electric Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safford,_Arizona" title="Safford, Arizona">City of Safford Electric Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcher,_Arizona" title="Thatcher, Arizona">Thatcher Utilities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mojave_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Mojave Indian Reservation">Aha Macav Power Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak-Chin_Indian_Community" title="Ak-Chin Indian Community">Ak-Chin Indian Community</a> Electric Utility</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Colorado River Agency</a> Electrical Services</li> <li>Electrical District No. 2</li> <li>Electrical District No. 3</li> <li>Electrical District No. 4</li> <li>Electrical District No. 5</li> <li>Electrical District No. 6</li> <li>Electrical District No. 7</li> <li>Electrical District No. 8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_River_Indian_Community" title="Gila River Indian Community">Gila River Indian Community</a> Utility Authority</li> <li>Harquahala Valley Power District</li> <li>Hohokam Irrigation & Drainage District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo</a> Tribal Utility Authority</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_River_Project" title="Salt River Project">Salt River Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">San Carlos Indian Irrigation Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%27odham_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono O'odham Nation">Tohono O’odham</a> Utility Authority</li> <li>Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arizona Electric Power Cooperative</li> <li>Columbus Electric Cooperative</li> <li>Dixie Power</li> <li>Duncan Valley Electric Cooperative</li> <li>Garkane Energy</li> <li>Graham County Electric Cooperative</li> <li>Mohave Electric Cooperative</li> <li>Navopache Electric Cooperative</li> <li>Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Cooperative</li> <li>Trico Electric Cooperative</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_resource_facilities_in_Nevada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_resource_facilities_in_Nevada" title="Template:Energy resource facilities in Nevada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Energy_resource_facilities_in_Nevada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Energy resource facilities in Nevada (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_resource_facilities_in_Nevada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy resource facilities in Nevada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_resource_facilities_in_Nevada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Energy resource facilities in Nevada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coal_fired" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal fired">Coal fired</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ely_Energy_Center" title="Ely Energy Center">Ely Energy Center</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_Power_Station" title="Mohave Power Station">Mohave</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Valmy_Generating_Station" title="North Valmy Generating Station">North Valmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Gardner_Generating_Station" title="Reid Gardner Generating Station">Reid Gardner</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Pine_Energy_Station" title="White Pine Energy Station">White Pine Energy Station</a> (cancelled)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Gas fired</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Lenzie_Generating_Station" title="Chuck Lenzie Generating Station">Chuck Lenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Clark_Generating_Station" title="Edward W. Clark Generating Station">Edward W. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Churchill_Generating_Station" title="Fort Churchill Generating Station">Fort Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_A._Tracy_Generating_Station" title="Frank A. Tracy Generating Station">Frank A. Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Allen_Generating_Station" title="Harry Allen Generating Station">Harry Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverhawk_Generating_Station" title="Silverhawk Generating Station">Silverhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquop_Energy_Project" title="Toquop Energy Project">Toquop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_M._Higgins_Generating_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter M. Higgins Generating Station (page does not exist)">Walter M. Higgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">Geothermal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beowawe_Geothermal_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Beowawe Geothermal Power Plant">Beowawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountain_Faulkner_1_Geothermal_Power_Plant" title="Blue Mountain Faulkner 1 Geothermal Power Plant">Blue Mountain Faulkner 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brady_Hot_Springs_Geothermal_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brady Hot Springs Geothermal Plant (page does not exist)">Brady Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Valley_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clayton Valley 1 (page does not exist)">Clayton Valley 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_Peak_Geothermal_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert Peak Geothermal Plant (page does not exist)">Desert Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dixie_Valley_Geothermal_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dixie Valley Geothermal Plant (page does not exist)">Dixie Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galena_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galena 2 (page does not exist)">Galena 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galena_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galena 3 (page does not exist)">Galena 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homestretch_Geothermal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homestretch Geothermal (page does not exist)">Homestretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Valley" title="Jersey Valley">Jersey Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McGinnis_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McGinnis Hills (page does not exist)">McGinnis Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Valley_Geothermal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Valley Geothermal (page does not exist)">North Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pumpernickel_Geothermal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pumpernickel Geothermal (page does not exist)">Pumpernickel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Burdette_Geothermal_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Burdette Geothermal Power Plant (page does not exist)">Richard Burdette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Emidio_Geothermal_Plant" title="San Emidio Geothermal Plant">San Emidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_Lake_Geothermal_Plant" title="Soda Lake Geothermal Plant">Soda Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steamboat_Hills_Geothermal_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steamboat Hills Geothermal Plant (page does not exist)">Steamboat Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Springs_Geothermal_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Steamboat Springs Geothermal Plant">Steamboat Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillwater_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Stillwater site">Stillwater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuscarora_Geothermal_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuscarora Geothermal Plant (page does not exist)">Tuscarora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wabuska_Geothermal_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wabuska Geothermal Plant (page does not exist)">Wabuska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">Hydroelectric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Dam" title="Davis Dam">Davis Dam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoover Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">Solar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RV_Apex_Solar" title="RV Apex Solar">Apex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Solar" title="Boulder Solar">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Mountain_Solar_Facility" title="Copper Mountain Solar Facility">Copper Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Dunes_Solar_Energy_Project" title="Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project">Crescent Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Clark_Generating_Station" title="Edward W. Clark Generating Station">Edward W. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_Solar_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="El Dorado Solar Power Plant">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_View_Solar_Energy_Project" title="Mountain View Solar Energy Project">Mountain View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellis_Solar_Power_Plant" title="Nellis Solar Power Plant">Nellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Solar_One" title="Nevada Solar One">Nevada Solar One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone_Solar_Energy_Project" title="Sandstone Solar Energy Project">Sandstone</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_State_North_Solar_Project" title="Silver State North Solar Project">Silver State North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_State_South_Solar_Project" title="Silver State South Solar Project">Silver State South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillwater_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Stillwater site">Stillwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquop_Energy_Project" title="Toquop Energy Project">Toquop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley_Wind_Farm" title="Spring Valley Wind Farm">Spring Valley Wind Farm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas pipeline">Natural gas pipelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kern_River_Pipeline" title="Kern River Pipeline">Kern River Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Pipeline" title="Ruby Pipeline">Ruby Pipeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum pipeline">Petroleum pipelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calnev_Pipeline" title="Calnev Pipeline">Calnev Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unev_pipeline" title="Unev pipeline">Unev pipeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">Transmission lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Nevada_Transmission_Line" title="One Nevada Transmission Line">One Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_27" title="Path 27">Path 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_46" title="Path 46">Path 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_62" title="Path 62">Path 62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_64" class="mw-redirect" title="Path 64">Path 64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_substation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical substation">Substations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marketplace_substation" title="Marketplace substation">Marketplace substation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead_substation" title="Mead substation">Mead substation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodsprings_Waste_Heat_Recovery_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodsprings Waste Heat Recovery Station">Goodsprings Waste Heat Recovery Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Nevada" title="List of power stations in Nevada">List of power stations in Nevada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172822#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172822#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172822#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244713200">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc3HbWpbrmKRJJ9RwWkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4356809-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061917">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565418005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20000136">Structurae</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046540">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10636728">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&oldid=1257458707">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&oldid=1257458707</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hoover_Dam" title="Category:Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1936_establishments_in_Arizona" title="Category:1936 establishments in Arizona">1936 establishments in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1936_establishments_in_Nevada" title="Category:1936 establishments in Nevada">1936 establishments in Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arch-gravity_dams" title="Category:Arch-gravity dams">Arch-gravity dams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_architecture_in_Arizona" title="Category:Art Deco architecture in Arizona">Art Deco architecture in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidential_memorials_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Presidential memorials in the United States">Presidential memorials in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Clark County, Nevada">Buildings and structures in Clark County, Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Mohave_County,_Arizona" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Mohave County, Arizona">Buildings and structures in Mohave County, Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_completed_in_1936" title="Category:Dams completed in 1936">Dams completed in 1936</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Arizona" title="Category:Dams in Arizona">Dams in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Nevada" title="Category:Dams in Nevada">Dams in Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_on_the_Colorado_River" title="Category:Dams on the Colorado River">Dams on the Colorado River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Nevada" title="Category:Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada">Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_infrastructure_completed_in_1939" title="Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1939">Energy infrastructure completed in 1939</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_infrastructure_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Category:Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places">Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Engineering_projects" title="Category:Engineering projects">Engineering projects</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_American_Engineering_Record_in_Arizona" title="Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona">Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_American_Engineering_Record_in_Nevada" title="Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Nevada">Historic American Engineering Record in Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_Civil_Engineering_Landmarks" title="Category:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks">Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hydroelectric_power_plants_in_Arizona" title="Category:Hydroelectric power plants in Arizona">Hydroelectric power plants in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hydroelectric_power_plants_in_Nevada" title="Category:Hydroelectric power plants in Nevada">Hydroelectric power plants in Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industrial_buildings_and_structures_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Arizona" title="Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona">Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Category:Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead National Recreation Area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lake_Mead" title="Category:Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naming_controversies" title="Category:Naming controversies">Naming controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Arizona" title="Category:National Historic Landmarks in Arizona">National Historic Landmarks in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Nevada" title="Category:National Historic Landmarks in Nevada">National Historic Landmarks in Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Mohave_County,_Arizona" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places in Mohave County, Arizona">National Register of Historic Places in Mohave County, Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:PWA_Moderne_architecture" title="Category:PWA Moderne architecture">PWA Moderne architecture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Clark County, Nevada">Tourist attractions in Clark County, Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Mohave_County,_Arizona" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Mohave County, Arizona">Tourist attractions in Mohave County, Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:U.S._Route_93" title="Category:U.S. Route 93">U.S. Route 93</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation_dams" title="Category:United States Bureau of Reclamation dams">United States Bureau of Reclamation dams</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_April_2019" title="Category:Use American English from April 2019">Use American English from April 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from September 2019">Use mdy dates from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 00:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoover_Dam&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-5tpvc","wgBackendResponseTime":236,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.804","walltime":"2.135","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19857,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":355890,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":32392,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":329486,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1781.836 1 -total"," 38.76% 690.618 3 Template:Infobox"," 26.33% 469.187 1 Template:Infobox_dam"," 17.19% 306.282 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.82% 299.679 105 Template:Sfn"," 13.74% 244.877 40 Template:Cite_web"," 12.26% 218.519 1 Template:Infobox_NRHP"," 8.00% 142.625 7 Template:Navbox"," 4.76% 84.794 1 Template:Inflation-fn"," 4.61% 82.109 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.017","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14333001,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBartojayJoy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBureau_of_Reclamation2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurns2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCapehart2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohn2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCummings1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenton2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuTemple2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunarMcBride2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiedler2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenn_Lee_et_al.1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeinsius2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiltzik2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIan_James2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaryn_Wofford2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuckro2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLien-Mager2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaloney2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinckley_Marsh_et_al.2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuartz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRhinehart2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodriguez_Flessa_et_al.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersWiltshireGilbert2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt_Webb_et_al.1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSean_Holstege2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevens1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTolchin1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrueKirby2009\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 39,\n [\"Colorado River system\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 73,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Crossings navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Energy resource facilities in Nevada\"] = 1,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Format price\"] = 1,\n [\"Generating stations in Arizona\"] = 1,\n [\"HAER\"] = 30,\n [\"Herbert Hoover\"] = 1,\n [\"Hidden begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Hidden end\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox NRHP\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox dam\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive short film\"] = 4,\n [\"Jct\"] = 2,\n [\"NHLS url\"] = 1,\n [\"Nevada State Historic Places/Clark\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-pc1\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 105,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Stack\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Structurae\"] = 1,\n [\"USStatute\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","27.8"],["?","180","16.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","9.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","9.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","5.6"],["build_id_list \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Identifiers:1591\u003E","40","3.7"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","40","3.7"],["[others]","120","11.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-47krq","timestamp":"20241202003016","ttl":2590201,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hoover Dam","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoover_Dam","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q172822","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q172822","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-20T15:55:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/Ansel_Adams_-_National_Archives_79-AAB-01.jpg","headline":"hydroelectric dam on the Colorado River, United States"}</script> </body> </html>