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sum rate method</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: isothermal sum rate method"> <meta name="keywords" content="isothermal sum rate method"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="isothermal sum rate method"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 25156</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: isothermal sum rate method</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25156</span> Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Yadav">Poonam Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee"> Dong Bok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was isothermally and cyclically oxidized at 800oC for 40 hours in air, and its oxidation behavior was characterized in terms of its oxidation rate, scaling rate, and scale spallation tendency. The isothermal oxidation tests indicated that Ti-6Al-4V oxidized fast and almost linearly, forming thick oxide scales. However, the scales that formed during isothermal oxidation were adherent. The cyclic oxidation tests indicated that the scales that formed on Ti-6Al-4V were highly susceptible to spallation owing to the large growth stress arisen and the thermal stress imposed during thermal cyclings. The formed scales frequently delaminated into several pieces owing to the excessive stress aroused by the repetitive thermal shock. Particularly, excessive oxidation and heavy spallation occurred at the edge of Ti-6Al-4V during cyclic oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title="cyclic">cyclic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal" title=" isothermal"> isothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spallation" title=" spallation"> spallation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28970/isothermal-and-cyclic-oxidation-of-the-ti-6al-4v-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25155</span> Kinetic Analysis of Wood Pellets by Isothermal Calorimetry for Evaluating its Self-heating Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Can%20Yao">Can Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Dong%20Sheng"> Chang Dong Sheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heat released by wood pellets during storage will cause self-heating and even self-ignition. In this work, the heat release rates of pine, fir wood and mahogany pellets at 30–70℃ were measured by TAM air isothermal calorimeter, and the kinetic analysis was performed by iso-conversion ratio and non-steady-state methods to evaluate its self-heating potential. The results show that the reaction temperature can significantly affect the heat release rate. The higher the temperature, the greater the heat release rate. The heat release rates of different kinds of wood pellets are obviously different, and the order of the heat release rates for the three pellets at 70℃ is pine > fir wood > mahogany. The kinetic analysis of the iso-conversion ratio method indicates that the distribution of activation energy for pine, fir wood and mahogany pellets under the release of 0.1–1.0 J/g specific heat are 58–102 kJ/mol, 59–108 kJ/mol and 59–112 kJ/mol, respectively. Their activation energies obtained from the non-steady-state kinetic analysis are 13.43 kJ/mol, 19.19 kJ/mol and 21.09 kJ/mol, respectively. Both kinetic analyses show that the magnitude of self-heating risk for the three pellet fuels is pine pellets > fir wood pellets > mahogany pellets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20calorimeter" title="isothermal calorimeter">isothermal calorimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-heating" title=" self-heating"> self-heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20pellets" title=" wood pellets"> wood pellets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147219/kinetic-analysis-of-wood-pellets-by-isothermal-calorimetry-for-evaluating-its-self-heating-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25154</span> Comparative Study of Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation on Titanium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Yadav">Poonam Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee"> Dong Bok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Isothermal oxidation at 800°C for 50h and Cyclic oxidation at 600°C and 800°C for 40h of Pure Ti and Ti64 were performed in a muffle furnace. In Cyclic oxidation, massive scale spallation occurred, and the oxide scale cracks and peels off were observed at high temperature, it represents oxide scale that formed during cyclic oxidation was spalled out owing to stresses due to thermal shock generated during repetitive oxidation and subsequent cooling. The thickness of scale is larger in cyclic oxidation than the isothermal case. This is due to inward diffusion of oxygen through oxide scales and/or pores and cracks in cyclic oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title="cyclic">cyclic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal" title=" isothermal"> isothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title=" cyclic"> cyclic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19120/comparative-study-of-isothermal-and-cyclic-oxidation-on-titanium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">919</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25153</span> Optimization of Multistage Extractor for the Butanol Separation from Aqueous Solution Using Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharamashi%20Rabari">Dharamashi Rabari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Patel"> Anand Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> n-Butanol can be regarded as a potential biofuel. Being resistive to corrosion and having high calorific value, butanol is a very attractive energy source as opposed to ethanol. By fermentation process called ABE (acetone, butanol, ethanol), bio-butanol can be produced. ABE carried out mostly by bacteria Clostridium acetobutylicum. The major drawback of the process is the butanol concentration higher than 10 g/L, delays the growth of microbes resulting in a low yield. It indicates the simultaneous separation of butanol from the fermentation broth. Two hydrophobic Ionic Liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [bmPIP][Tf₂N] and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [hmim][Tf₂N] were chosen. The binary interaction parameters for both ternary systems i.e. [bmPIP][Tf₂N] + water + n-butanol and [hmim][Tf₂N] + water +n-butanol were taken from the literature that was generated by NRTL model. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the isothermal sum rate (ISR) method was used to optimize the cost of liquid-liquid extractor. For [hmim][Tf₂N] + water +n-butanol system, PSO shows 84% success rate with the number of stages equal to eight and solvent flow rate equal to 461 kmol/hr. The number of stages was three with 269.95 kmol/hr solvent flow rate for [bmPIP][Tf₂N] + water + n-butanol system. Moreover, both ILs were very efficient as the loss of ILs in raffinate phase was negligible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title="particle swarm optimization">particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20sum%20rate%20method" title=" isothermal sum rate method"> isothermal sum rate method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=success%20rate" title=" success rate"> success rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100616/optimization-of-multistage-extractor-for-the-butanol-separation-from-aqueous-solution-using-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25152</span> Wear Behavior of Intermetallic (Ni3Al) Coating at High Temperature </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mehmood">K. Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Rafiq"> Muhammad Asif Rafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nasir%20Khan"> A. Nasir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mudassar%20Rauf"> M. Mudassar Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air plasma spraying system was utilized to deposit Ni3Al coatings on AISI 321 steel samples. After thermal spraying, the nickel aluminide intermetallic coatings were isothermal heat treated at various temperatures. In this regard, temperatures from 500 °C to 800 °C with 100 °C increments were selected. The coatings were soaked for 10, 30, 60 and 100 hours at the mentioned temperatures. These coatings were then tested by a pin on disk method. It was observed that the coatings exposed at comparatively higher temperature experienced lower wear rate. The decrease in wear rate is due to the formation of NiO phase. Further, the as sprayed and heat treated coatings were characterized by other tools such as Microhardness testing, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction analysis. After isothermal heat treatment, NiO was observed the main phase by X-Ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the surface hardness was also determined higher than cross sectional hardness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20plasma%20spraying" title="air plasma spraying">air plasma spraying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20-20Al" title=" Ni -20Al"> Ni -20Al</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribometer" title=" tribometer"> tribometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20coating" title=" intermetallic coating"> intermetallic coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20aluminide" title=" nickel aluminide "> nickel aluminide </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35455/wear-behavior-of-intermetallic-ni3al-coating-at-high-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25151</span> Effect of Plastic Deformation on the Carbide-Free Bainite Transformation in Medium C-Si Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mufath%20Zorgani">Mufath Zorgani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Garcia-Mateo"> Carlos Garcia-Mateo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Jahazi"> Mohammad Jahazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the influence of pre-strained austenite on the extent of isothermal bainite transformation in medium-carbon, high-silicon steel was investigated. Different amounts of deformations were applied at 600°C on the austenite right before quenching to the region, where isothermal bainitic transformation is activated. Four different temperatures of 325, 350, 375, and 400°C considering similar holding time 1800s at each temperature, were selected to investigate the extent of isothermal bainitic transformation. The results showed that the deformation-free austenite transforms to the higher volume fraction of CFB bainite when the isothermal transformation temperature reduced from 400 to 325°C, the introduction of plastic deformation in austenite prior to the formation of bainite invariably involves a delay of the same or identical isothermal treatment. On the other side, when the isothermal transformation temperature and deformation increases, the volume fraction and the plate thickness of bainite decreases and the amount of retained austenite increases. The shape of retained austenite is mostly representing blocky-shape one due to the less amount of transformed bainite. Moreover, the plate-like shape bainite cannot be resolved when the deformation amount reached 30%, and the isothermal transformation temperatures are of 375 and 400°C. The amount of retained austenite and the percentage of its transformation to martensite during the final cooling stage play a significant role in the variation of hardness level for different thermomechanical regimes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ausforming" title="ausforming">ausforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbide%20free%20bainite" title=" carbide free bainite"> carbide free bainite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilatometry" title=" dilatometry"> dilatometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117105/effect-of-plastic-deformation-on-the-carbide-free-bainite-transformation-in-medium-c-si-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25150</span> Studies on Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of PP/SEBS-g-MA Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishi%20Sharma">Rishi Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Maiti"> S. N. Maiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PP/SEBS-g-MA blends up to 0-50% concentration of copolymer was studied by differential scanning calorimetry at four different cooling rates. Crystallization parameters were analyzed by Avrami and Jeziorny models. Primary and secondary crystallization processes were described by Avrami equation. Avrami model showed that all types of shapes grow from small dimensions during primary crystallization. However, three-dimensional crystal growth was observed during the secondary crystallization process. The crystallization peak and onset temperature decrease, however <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization%20kinetics" title="crystallization kinetics">crystallization kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-isothermal" title=" non-isothermal"> non-isothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene" title=" polypropylene"> polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEBS-g-MA" title=" SEBS-g-MA"> SEBS-g-MA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19871/studies-on-non-isothermal-crystallization-kinetics-of-ppsebs-g-ma-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25149</span> Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of AA7056 Aluminum Alloys by the Non-isothermal Aging Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tse-An%20Pan">Tse-An Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Long%20Lee"> Sheng-Long Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of non-isothermal aging on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al-9Zn-2.3Mg-1.9Cu (AA7056) alloys was investigated. The results revealed that thick materials were limited to retrogression and re-aging treatment (RRA). It could not reach the retrogression temperature in the RRA treatment. Compared with the RRA treatment, the non-isothermal aging (NIA) treatment produced discontinuous precipitates at grain boundaries, while the intragranular precipitates were fine and dense. The strength was similar to that of the RRA treatment; the corrosion resistance of the alloy was significantly improved by NIA aging. NIA treatment was less affected by the thickness of the alloy. The difference between the actual temperature and the setting temperature of the alloy is minimal during the aging process. The combination of properties could overcome the fact that RRA treatment cannot handle thick materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Zn-Mg-Cu%20alloy" title="Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy">Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrogression" title=" retrogression"> retrogression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-aging" title=" re-aging"> re-aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-isothermal%20aging" title=" non-isothermal aging"> non-isothermal aging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162230/improvement-of-mechanical-properties-and-corrosion-resistance-of-aa7056-aluminum-alloys-by-the-non-isothermal-aging-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25148</span> Catalytic Soot Gasification in Single and Mixed Atmospheres of CO2 and H2O in the Presence of CO and H2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeidy%20Sorani%20Montenegro%20Camacho">Yeidy Sorani Montenegro Camacho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Bensaid"> Samir Bensaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nunzio%20Russo"> Nunzio Russo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debora%20Fino"> Debora Fino </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> LiFeO2 nano-powders were prepared via solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method and were used as carbon gasification catalyst in a reduced atmosphere. The gasification of soot with CO2 and H2O in the presence of CO and H2 (syngas atmosphere) were also investigated under atmospheric conditions using a fixed-bed micro-reactor placed in an electric, PID-regulated oven. The catalytic bed was composed of 150 mg of inert silica, 45 mg of carbon (Printex-U) and 5 mg of catalyst. The bed was prepared by ball milling the mixture at 240 rpm for 15 min to get an intimate contact between the catalyst and soot. A Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV) of 38.000 h-1 was used for the tests campaign. The furnace was heated up to the desired temperature, a flow of 120 mL/min was sent into the system and at the same time the concentrations of CO, CO2 and H2 were recorded at the reactor outlet using an EMERSON X-STREAM XEGP analyzer. Catalytic and non-catalytic soot gasification reactions were studied in a temperature range of 120°C – 850°C with a heating rate of 5 °C/min (non-isothermal case) and at 650°C for 40 minutes (isothermal case). Experimental results show that the gasification of soot with H2O and CO2 are inhibited by the H2 and CO, respectively. The soot conversion at 650°C decreases from 70.2% to 31.6% when the CO is present in the feed. Besides, the soot conversion was 73.1% and 48.6% for H2O-soot and H2O-H2-soot gasification reactions, respectively. Also, it was observed that the carbon gasification in mixed atmosphere, i.e., when simultaneous carbon gasification with CO2 and steam take place, with H2 and CO as co-reagents; the gasification reaction is strongly inhibited by CO and H2, as well has been observed in single atmospheres for the isothermal and non-isothermal reactions. Further, it has been observed that when CO2 and H2O react with carbon at the same time, there is a passive cooperation of steam and carbon dioxide in the gasification reaction, this means that the two gases operate on separate active sites without influencing each other. Finally, despite the extreme reduced operating conditions, it has been demonstrated that the 32.9% of the initial carbon was gasified using LiFeO2-catalyst, while in the non-catalytic case only 8% of the soot was gasified at 650°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soot%20gasification" title="soot gasification">soot gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20catalyst" title=" nanostructured catalyst"> nanostructured catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reducing%20environment" title=" reducing environment"> reducing environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title=" syngas"> syngas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74154/catalytic-soot-gasification-in-single-and-mixed-atmospheres-of-co2-and-h2o-in-the-presence-of-co-and-h2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25147</span> Study of the Microstructural Evolution and Precipitation Kinetic in AZ91 Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Azizi">A. Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Toubane"> M. Toubane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Chetibi"> L. Chetibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a widely used technique for the study of phase transformations, particularly in the study of precipitation. The kinetic of the precipitation and dissolution is always related to the concept of activation energy Ea. The determination of the activation energy gives important information about the kinetic of the precipitation reaction. In this work, we were interested in the study of the isothermal and non-isothermal treatments on the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution in the alloy AZ91 (Mg-9 Al-Zn 1-0.2 Mn. mass fraction %), using Differential Calorimetric method. Through this method, the samples were heat treated up to 425° C, using different rates. To calculate the apparent activation energies associated with the formation of precipitated phases, we used different isoconversional methods. This study was supported by other analysis: X-ray diffraction and microhardness measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorimetric" title="calorimetric">calorimetric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20energy" title=" activation energy"> activation energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AZ91%20alloys" title=" AZ91 alloys"> AZ91 alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructural%20evolution" title=" microstructural evolution"> microstructural evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18723/study-of-the-microstructural-evolution-and-precipitation-kinetic-in-az91-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25146</span> Experimental Assessment of Artificial Flavors Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Unis">M. Unis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Turky"> S. Turky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elalem"> A. Elalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Meshrghi"> A. Meshrghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with isopropnol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a homogenous catalyst was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 60,70 and 80°C and at a different molar ratio of isopropnol to acetic acid. Investigation of kinetics of the reaction indicated that the low of molar ratio is favored for esterification reaction, this is due to the reaction is catalyzed by acid. The maximum conversion, approximately 60.6% was obtained at 80°C for molar ratio of 1:3 acid : alcohol. It was found that increasing temperature of the reaction, increases the rate constant and conversion at a certain mole ratio, that is due to the esterification is exothermic. The homogenous reaction has been described with simple power-law model. The chemical equilibrium combustion calculated from the kinetic model in agreement with the measured chemical equilibrium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20flavors" title="artificial flavors">artificial flavors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20equilibria" title=" chemical equilibria"> chemical equilibria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal" title=" isothermal "> isothermal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18398/experimental-assessment-of-artificial-flavors-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25145</span> Non-Isothermal Stationary Laminar Oil Flow Numerical Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniyar%20Bossinov">Daniyar Bossinov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a non-isothermal stationary waxy crude oil flow in a two-dimensional axisymmetric pipe with the transition of a Newtonian fluid to a non-Newtonian fluid. The viscosity and yield stress of waxy crude oil are highly dependent on temperature changes. During the hot pumping of waxy crude oil through a buried pipeline, a non-isothermal flow occurs due to heat transfer to the surrounding soil. This leads to a decrease in flow temperature, an increase in viscosity, the appearance of yield stress, the crystallization of wax, and the deposition of solid particles on the pipeline's inner wall. The deposition of oil solid particles reduces a pipeline flow area and leads to the appearance of a stagnant zone with thermal insulation in the near-wall area. Waxy crude oil properties change. A Newtonian fluid at low temperatures transits to a non-Newtonian fluid. The one-dimensional modeling of a non-isothermal waxy crude oil flow in a two-dimensional axisymmetric pipeline by traditional averaging of temperature and velocity over the pipeline cross-section does not allow for explaining a physics phenomenon. Therefore, in this work, a two-dimensional flow model and the heat transfer of waxy oil are constructed. The calculated data show the transition of a Newtonian fluid to a non-Newtonian fluid due to the heat exchange of waxy oil with the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-isothermal%20laminar%20flow" title="non-isothermal laminar flow">non-isothermal laminar flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waxy%20crude%20oil" title=" waxy crude oil"> waxy crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stagnant%20zone" title=" stagnant zone"> stagnant zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20stress" title=" yield stress"> yield stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188992/non-isothermal-stationary-laminar-oil-flow-numerical-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25144</span> Modeling Drying and Pyrolysis of Moist Wood Particles at Slow Heating Rates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avdhesh%20K.%20Sharma">Avdhesh K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formulation for drying and pyrolysis process in packed beds at slow heating rates is presented. Drying of biomass particles bed is described by mass diffusion equation and local moisture-vapour-equilibrium relations. In gasifiers, volatilization rate during pyrolysis of biomass is modeled by using apparent kinetic rate expression, while product compositions at slow heating rates is modeled using empirical fitted mass ratios (i.e., CO/CO<sub>2</sub>, ME/CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub>) in terms of pyrolysis temperature. The drying module is validated fairly with available chemical kinetics scheme and found that the testing zone in gasifier bed constituted of relatively smaller particles having high airflow with high isothermal temperature expedite the drying process. Further, volatile releases more quickly within the shorter zone height at high temperatures (isothermal). Both, moisture loss and volatile release profiles are found to be sensitive to temperature, although the influence of initial moisture content on volatile release profile is not so sensitive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20downdraft%20gasifier" title="modeling downdraft gasifier">modeling downdraft gasifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moist%20woody%20biomass" title=" moist woody biomass"> moist woody biomass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99473/modeling-drying-and-pyrolysis-of-moist-wood-particles-at-slow-heating-rates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25143</span> Tribocorrosion Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron Microalloyed with Boron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gvazava">S. Gvazava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khidasheli"> N. Khidasheli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Gordeziani"> G. Gordeziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20DL.%20Batako"> A. DL. Batako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work presented in this paper studied the tribological characteristics (wear resistance, friction coefficient) of austempered ductile iron (ADI) with different combinations of structural composition (upper bainite, lower bainite, retained austenite) in dry sliding friction. A range of structural states of the metal matrix was obtained by changing the regimes of isothermal quenching of high-strength cast iron. The tribological tests were carried out using two sets of isothermal quenched cast irons. After austenitization at 900°С for 60 minutes, the specimens from the first group were isothermally quenched at the 300°С temperature and the specimens from the second set – at 400°С. The investigations showed that the isothermal quenching increases the friction coefficient of high-strength cast irons. The friction coefficient was found to be in the range from 0.4 to 0.55 for cast irons, depending on the structures of the metal matrix. The quenched cast irons having lower bainite demonstrate higher wear resistance in dry friction conditions. The dependence of wear resistance on the amount of retained austenite in isothermal quenched cast irons has a nonlinear characteristic and reaches its maximum value when the content of retained austenite is about 15-22%. The boron micro-additives allowed to reduce the friction coefficient of ADI and increase their wear resistance by 1.5-1.7 times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20resistance" title="wear resistance">wear resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20sliding" title=" dry sliding"> dry sliding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austempering" title=" austempering"> austempering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADI" title=" ADI"> ADI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20coefficient" title=" friction coefficient"> friction coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retained%20austenite" title=" retained austenite"> retained austenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20quenching" title=" isothermal quenching"> isothermal quenching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143702/tribocorrosion-behavior-of-austempered-ductile-iron-microalloyed-with-boron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25142</span> Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of Garlic in Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Ying%20Su">Ting-Ying Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Shiou%20Lee"> Meng-Shiou Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyang-Chwen%20Sheu"> Shyang-Chwen Sheu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Garlic is used commonly as a seasoning around the world. But some people suffer from allergy to garlic. Garlic may also cause burning of mouth, stomach, and throat. In some Buddhist traditions, consuming garlic is not allowed. The objective of this study is to develop a LAMP based method for detection of garlic in food. We designed specific primers targeted on ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 sequence of garlic DNA. The LAMP assay was performed using a set of four different primers F3, B3, FIP and BIP at 60˚C in less than 60 mins. Results showed that the primer was not cross-reactive to other commonly used spice including Chinese leek, Chinese onion, green onion, onion, pepper, basil, parsley, pepper and ginger. As low as 2% of garlic DNA could be detected. Garlic still could be detected by developed LAMP after boiled at 100˚C for 80 minutes and autoclaved at 121˚C for 60 minutes. Commercial products labeled with garlic ingredient could be identified by the developed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic" title="garlic">garlic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loop-mediated%20isothermal%20amplification" title=" loop-mediated isothermal amplification"> loop-mediated isothermal amplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing" title=" processing"> processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title=" DNA"> DNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50037/development-of-loop-mediated-isothermal-amplification-for-detection-of-garlic-in-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25141</span> Practical Method for Failure Prediction of Mg Alloy Sheets during Warm Forming Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Woo%20Kim">Sang-Woo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Seon%20Lee"> Young-Seon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An important concern in metal forming, even at elevated temperatures, is whether a desired deformation can be accomplished without any failure of the material. A detailed understanding of the critical condition for crack initiation provides not only the workability limit of a material but also a guide-line for process design. This paper describes the utilization of ductile fracture criteria in conjunction with the finite element method (FEM) for predicting the onset of fracture in warm metal working processes of magnesium alloy sheets. Critical damage values for various ductile fracture criteria were determined from uniaxial tensile tests and were expressed as the function of strain rate and temperature. In order to find the best criterion for failure prediction, Erichsen cupping tests under isothermal conditions and FE simulations combined with ductile fracture criteria were carried out. Based on the plastic deformation histories obtained from the FE analyses of the Erichsen cupping tests and the critical damage value curves, the initiation time and location of fracture were predicted under a bi-axial tensile condition. The results were compared with experimental results and the best criterion was recommended. In addition, the proposed methodology was used to predict the onset of fracture in non-isothermal deep drawing processes using an irregular shaped blank, and the results were verified experimentally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium" title="magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AZ31%20alloy" title=" AZ31 alloy"> AZ31 alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductile%20fracture" title=" ductile fracture"> ductile fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20forming" title=" sheet forming"> sheet forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erichsen%20cupping%20test" title=" Erichsen cupping test"> Erichsen cupping test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9024/practical-method-for-failure-prediction-of-mg-alloy-sheets-during-warm-forming-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25140</span> Studying the Intercalation of Low Density Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites after Different UV Exposures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Al-Zobaidi">Samir Al-Zobaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study attempts to understand the effect of different UV irradiation methods on the intercalation of LDPE/MMT nanocomposites, and its molecular behavior at certain isothermal crystallization temperature. Three different methods of UV exposure were employed using single composition of LDPE/MMT nanocomposites. All samples were annealed for 5 hours at a crystallization temperature of 100°C. The crystallization temperature was chosen to be at large supercooling temperature to ensure quick and complete crystallization. The raw material of LDPE consisted of two stable monoclinic and orthorhombic phases according to XRD results. The thermal behavior of both phases acted differently when UV exposure method was changed. The monoclinic phase was more dependent on the method used compared to the orthorhombic phase. The intercalation of clay, as well as, the non-isothermal crystallization temperature, has also shown a clear dependency on the type of UV exposure. A third phase that is thermally less stable was also observed. Its respond to UV irradiation was greater since it contains low molecular weight entities which make it more vulnerable to any UV exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDPE%2FMMt%20nanocomposites" title="LDPE/MMt nanocomposites">LDPE/MMt nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20irradiation" title=" UV irradiation"> UV irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercalation" title=" intercalation"> intercalation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43463/studying-the-intercalation-of-low-density-polyethyleneclay-nanocomposites-after-different-uv-exposures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25139</span> A Study on Prediction Model for Thermally Grown Oxide Layer in Thermal Barrier Coating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongseok%20Kim">Yongseok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Min%20Lee"> Jeong-Min Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunwoo%20Song"> Hyunwoo Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junghan%20Yun"> Junghan Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungin%20Byun"> Jungin Byun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Mean%20Koo"> Jae-Mean Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Sung%20Seok"> Chang-Sung Seok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal barrier coating(TBC) is applied for gas turbine components to protect the components from extremely high temperature condition. Since metallic substrate cannot endure such severe condition of gas turbines, delamination of TBC can cause failure of the system. Thus, delamination life of TBC is one of the most important issues for designing the components operating at high temperature condition. Thermal stress caused by thermally grown oxide(TGO) layer is known as one of the major failure mechanisms of TBC. Thermal stress by TGO mainly occurs at the interface between TGO layer and ceramic top coat layer, and it is strongly influenced by the thickness and shape of TGO layer. In this study, Isothermal oxidation is conducted on coin-type TBC specimens prepared by APS(air plasma spray) method. After the isothermal oxidation at various temperature and time condition, the thickness and shape(rumpling shape) of the TGO is investigated, and the test data is processed by numerical analysis. Finally, the test data is arranged into a mathematical prediction model with two variables(temperature and exposure time) which can predict the thickness and rumpling shape of TGO. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20barrier%20coating" title="thermal barrier coating">thermal barrier coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally%20grown%20oxide" title=" thermally grown oxide"> thermally grown oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stress" title=" thermal stress"> thermal stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20oxidation" title=" isothermal oxidation"> isothermal oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15412/a-study-on-prediction-model-for-thermally-grown-oxide-layer-in-thermal-barrier-coating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25138</span> Forming Simulation of Thermoplastic Pre-Impregnated Textile Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masato%20Nishi">Masato Nishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsushi%20Kaburagi"> Tetsushi Kaburagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masashi%20Kurose"> Masashi Kurose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tei%20Hirashima"> Tei Hirashima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsusei%20Kurasiki"> Tetsusei Kurasiki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of thermoforming a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) has increased its presence in the automotive industry for its wide applicability to the mass production car. A non-isothermal forming for CFRTP can shorten its cycle time to less than 1 minute. In this paper, the textile reinforcement FE model which the authors proposed in a previous work is extended to the CFRTP model for non-isothermal forming simulation. The effect of thermoplastic is given by adding shell elements which consider thermal effect to the textile reinforcement model. By applying Reuss model to the stress calculation of thermoplastic, the proposed model can accurately predict in-plane shear behavior, which is the key deformation mode during forming, in the range of the process temperature. Using the proposed model, thermoforming simulation was conducted and the results are in good agreement with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber%20reinforced%20thermoplastic" title="carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic">carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-impregnated%20textile%20composite" title=" pre-impregnated textile composite"> pre-impregnated textile composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-isothermal%20forming" title=" non-isothermal forming"> non-isothermal forming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12983/forming-simulation-of-thermoplastic-pre-impregnated-textile-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25137</span> Comparative DNA Binding of Iron and Manganese Complexes by Spectroscopic and ITC Techniques and Antibacterial Activity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Nejat%20Dehkordi">Maryam Nejat Dehkordi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Per%20Lincoln"> Per Lincoln</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Momtaz"> Hassan Momtaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interaction of Schiff base complexes of iron and manganese (iron [N, N’ Bis (5-(triphenyl phosphonium methyl) salicylidene) -1, 2 ethanediamine) chloride, [Fe Salen]Cl, manganese [N, N’ Bis (5-(triphenyl phosphonium methyl) salicylidene) -1, 2 ethanediamine) acetate) with DNA were investigated by spectroscopic and isothermal titration calorimetry techniques (ITC). The absorbance spectra of complexes have shown hyper and hypochromism in the presence of DNA that is indication of interaction of complexes with DNA. The linear dichroism (LD) measurements confirmed the bending of DNA in the presence of complexes. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry experiments approved that complexes bound to DNA on the base of both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, ITC profile exhibits the existence of two binding phases for the complex. Antibacterial activity of ligand and complexes were tested in vitro to evaluate their activity against the gram positive and negative bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schiff%20base%20complexes" title="Schiff base complexes">Schiff base complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ct-DNA" title=" ct-DNA"> ct-DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20dichroism%20%28LD%29" title=" linear dichroism (LD)"> linear dichroism (LD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20titration%20calorimetry%20%28ITC%29" title=" isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)"> isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity "> antibacterial activity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24799/comparative-dna-binding-of-iron-and-manganese-complexes-by-spectroscopic-and-itc-techniques-and-antibacterial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25136</span> Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Lauric Acid Methyl Ester from DSC Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charine%20Faith%20H.%20Lagrimas">Charine Faith H. Lagrimas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rommel%20N.%20Galvan"> Rommel N. Galvan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizalinda%20L.%20de%20Leon"> Rizalinda L. de Leon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An ongoing study, methyl laurate to be used as a refrigerant in an HVAC system, requires the crystallization kinetics of the said substance. Step-wise and normal forms of Avrami model parameters were used to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics of methyl laurate at different temperatures from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements. At 3 °C, parameters showed that methyl laurate exhibits a secondary crystallization. The primary crystallization occurred with instantaneous nuclei and spherulitic growth; followed by a secondary instantaneous nucleation with a lower growth of dimensionality, rod-like. At 4 °C to 6 °C, the exotherms from DSC implied that the system was under the isokinetic range. The kinetics behavior is the same which is instantaneous nucleation with one-dimensional growth. The differences for the isokinetic range temperatures are the activation energies (directly proportional to T) and nucleation rates (inversely proportional to T). From the images obtained during the crystallization of methyl laurate using an optical microscope, it is confirmed that the nucleation and crystal growth modes obtained from the optical microscope are consistent with the parameters from Avrami model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avrami%20model" title="Avrami model">Avrami model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20crystallization" title=" isothermal crystallization"> isothermal crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids%20kinetics" title=" lipids kinetics"> lipids kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20laurate" title=" methyl laurate"> methyl laurate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27068/isothermal-crystallization-kinetics-of-lauric-acid-methyl-ester-from-dsc-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25135</span> Two-Dimensional Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Principles of Turbulence around Isothermal Bodies Immersed in Incompressible Newtonian Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romulo%20D.%20C.%20Santos">Romulo D. C. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvio%20M.%20A.%20Gama"> Silvio M. A. Gama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramiro%20G.%20R.%20Camacho"> Ramiro G. R. Camacho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this present paper, the thermos-fluid dynamics considering the mixed convection (natural and forced convections) and the principles of turbulence flow around complex geometries have been studied. In these applications, it was necessary to analyze the influence between the flow field and the heated immersed body with constant temperature on its surface. This paper presents a study about the Newtonian incompressible two-dimensional fluid around isothermal geometry using the immersed boundary method (IBM) with the virtual physical model (VPM). The numerical code proposed for all simulations satisfy the calculation of temperature considering Dirichlet boundary conditions. Important dimensionless numbers such as Strouhal number is calculated using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Nusselt number, drag and lift coefficients, velocity and pressure. Streamlines and isothermal lines are presented for each simulation showing the flow dynamics and patterns. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations for mixed convection were discretized using the finite difference method for space and a second order Adams-Bashforth and Runge-Kuta 4th order methods for time considering the fractional step method to couple the calculation of pressure, velocity, and temperature. This work used for simulation of turbulence, the Smagorinsky, and Spalart-Allmaras models. The first model is based on the local equilibrium hypothesis for small scales and hypothesis of Boussinesq, such that the energy is injected into spectrum of the turbulence, being equal to the energy dissipated by the convective effects. The Spalart-Allmaras model, use only one transport equation for turbulent viscosity. The results were compared with numerical data, validating the effect of heat-transfer together with turbulence models. The IBM/VPM is a powerful tool to simulate flow around complex geometries. The results showed a good numerical convergence in relation the references adopted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immersed%20boundary%20method" title="immersed boundary method">immersed boundary method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20methods" title=" turbulence methods"> turbulence methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20physical%20model" title=" virtual physical model"> virtual physical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102366/two-dimensional-analysis-and-numerical-simulation-of-the-navier-stokes-equations-for-principles-of-turbulence-around-isothermal-bodies-immersed-in-incompressible-newtonian-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25134</span> Rayleigh-Bénard-Taylor Convection of Newtonian Nanoliquid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20G.%20Siddheshwar">P. G. Siddheshwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20N.%20Sakshath"> T. N. Sakshath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the paper we make linear and non-linear stability analyses of Rayleigh-Bénard convection of a Newtonian nanoliquid in a rotating medium (called as Rayleigh-Bénard-Taylor convection). Rigid-rigid isothermal boundaries are considered for investigation. Khanafer-Vafai-Lightstone single phase model is used for studying instabilities in nanoliquids. Various thermophysical properties of nanoliquid are obtained using phenomenological laws and mixture theory. The eigen boundary value problem is solved for the Rayleigh number using an analytical method by considering trigonometric eigen functions. We observe that the critical nanoliquid Rayleigh number is less than that of the base liquid. Thus the onset of convection is advanced due to the addition of nanoparticles. So, increase in volume fraction leads to advanced onset and thereby increase in heat transport. The amplitudes of convective modes required for estimating the heat transport are determined analytically. The tri-modal standard Lorenz model is derived for the steady state assuming small scale convective motions. The effect of rotation on the onset of convection and on heat transport is investigated and depicted graphically. It is observed that the onset of convection is delayed due to rotation and hence leads to decrease in heat transport. Hence, rotation has a stabilizing effect on the system. This is due to the fact that the energy of the system is used to create the component V. We observe that the amount of heat transport is less in the case of rigid-rigid isothermal boundaries compared to free-free isothermal boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoliquid" title="nanoliquid">nanoliquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigid-rigid" title=" rigid-rigid"> rigid-rigid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotation" title=" rotation"> rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20phase" title=" single phase"> single phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69850/rayleigh-benard-taylor-convection-of-newtonian-nanoliquid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25133</span> Isothermal Solid-Phase Amplification System for Detection of Yersinia pestis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olena%20Mayboroda">Olena Mayboroda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Gonzalez%20Benito"> Angel Gonzalez Benito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Sabate%20Del%20Rio"> Jonathan Sabate Del Rio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marketa%20Svobodova"> Marketa Svobodova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Julich"> Sandra Julich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herbert%20Tomaso"> Herbert Tomaso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ciara%20K.%20O%27Sullivan"> Ciara K. O'Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioanis%20Katakis"> Ioanis Katakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DNA amplification is required for most molecular diagnostic applications but conventional PCR has disadvantages for field testing. Isothermal amplification techniques are being developed to respond to this problem. One of them is the Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) that operates at isothermal conditions without sacrificing specificity and sensitivity in easy-to-use formats. In this work RPA was used for the optical detection of solid-phase amplification of the potential biowarfare agent Yersinia pestis. Thiolated forward primers were immobilized on the surface of maleimide-activated microtitre plates for the quantitative detection of synthetic and genomic DNA, with elongation occurring only in the presence of the specific template DNA and solution phase reverse primers. Quantitative detection was achieved via the use of biotinylated reverse primers and post-amplification addition of streptavidin-HRP conjugate. The overall time of amplification and detection was less than 1 hour at a constant temperature of 37oC. Single-stranded and double-stranded DNA sequences were detected achieving detection limits of 4.04*10-13 M and 3.14*10-16 M, respectively. The system demonstrated high specificity with negligible responses to non-specific targets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinase%20polymerase%20amplification" title="recombinase polymerase amplification">recombinase polymerase amplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yersinia%20pestis" title=" Yersinia pestis"> Yersinia pestis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid-phase%20detection" title=" solid-phase detection"> solid-phase detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELONA" title=" ELONA"> ELONA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42960/isothermal-solid-phase-amplification-system-for-detection-of-yersinia-pestis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25132</span> Forecasting Unemployment Rate in Selected European Countries Using Smoothing Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ksenija%20Dumi%C4%8Di%C4%87">Ksenija Dumičić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20%C4%8Ceh%20%C4%8Casni"> Anita Čeh Časni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berislav%20%C5%BDmuk"> Berislav Žmuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to select the most accurate forecasting method for predicting the future values of the unemployment rate in selected European countries. In order to do so, several forecasting techniques adequate for forecasting time series with trend component, were selected, namely: double exponential smoothing (also known as Holt`s method) and Holt-Winters` method which accounts for trend and seasonality. The results of the empirical analysis showed that the optimal model for forecasting unemployment rate in Greece was Holt-Winters` additive method. In the case of Spain, according to MAPE, the optimal model was double exponential smoothing model. Furthermore, for Croatia and Italy the best forecasting model for unemployment rate was Holt-Winters` multiplicative model, whereas in the case of Portugal the best model to forecast unemployment rate was Double exponential smoothing model. Our findings are in line with European Commission unemployment rate estimates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union%20countries" title="European Union countries">European Union countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20smoothing%20methods" title=" exponential smoothing methods"> exponential smoothing methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecast%20accuracy%20unemployment%20rate" title=" forecast accuracy unemployment rate"> forecast accuracy unemployment rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18328/forecasting-unemployment-rate-in-selected-european-countries-using-smoothing-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25131</span> Simulation of Immiscibility Regions in Sodium Borosilicate Glasses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamila%20Aboutaleb">Djamila Aboutaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Safi"> Brahim Safi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, sodium borosilicates glasses were prepared by melting in air. These heat-resistant transparent glasses have subjected subsequently isothermal treatments at different times, which have transformed them at opaque glass (milky white color). Such changes indicate that these glasses showed clearly phase separation (immiscibility). The immiscibility region in a sodium borosilicate ternary system was investigated in this work, i.e. to determine the regions from which some compositions can show phase separation. For this we went through the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, which were translated later by mathematical equations to find an approximate solution. The latter has been translated in a simulation which was established thereafter to find the immiscibility regions in this type of special glasses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20borosilicate" title="sodium borosilicate">sodium borosilicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat-resistant" title=" heat-resistant"> heat-resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20treatments" title=" isothermal treatments"> isothermal treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immiscibility" title=" immiscibility"> immiscibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6617/simulation-of-immiscibility-regions-in-sodium-borosilicate-glasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25130</span> A Variational Reformulation for the Thermomechanically Coupled Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Boatti">Elisa Boatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulisse%20Stefanelli"> Ulisse Stefanelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Reali"> Alessandro Reali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferdinando%20Auricchio"> Ferdinando Auricchio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thanks to their unusual properties, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are good candidates for advanced applications in a wide range of engineering fields, such as automotive, robotics, civil, biomedical, aerospace. In the last decades, the ever-growing interest for such materials has boosted several research studies aimed at modeling their complex nonlinear behavior in an effective and robust way. Since the constitutive response of SMAs is strongly thermomechanically coupled, the investigation of the non-isothermal evolution of the material must be taken into consideration. The present study considers an existing three-dimensional phenomenological model for SMAs, able to reproduce the main SMA properties while maintaining a simple user-friendly structure, and proposes a variational reformulation of the full non-isothermal version of the model. While the considered model has been thoroughly assessed in an isothermal setting, the proposed formulation allows to take into account the full nonisothermal problem. In particular, the reformulation is inspired to the GENERIC (General Equations for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling) formalism, and is based on a generalized gradient flow of the total entropy, related to thermal and mechanical variables. Such phrasing of the model is new and allows for a discussion of the model from both a theoretical and a numerical point of view. Moreover, it directly implies the dissipativity of the flow. A semi-implicit time-discrete scheme is also presented for the fully coupled thermomechanical system, and is proven unconditionally stable and convergent. The correspondent algorithm is then implemented, under a space-homogeneous temperature field assumption, and tested under different conditions. The core of the algorithm is composed of a mechanical subproblem and a thermal subproblem. The iterative scheme is solved by a generalized Newton method. Numerous uniaxial and biaxial tests are reported to assess the performance of the model and algorithm, including variable imposed strain, strain rate, heat exchange properties, and external temperature. In particular, the heat exchange with the environment is the only source of rate-dependency in the model. The reported curves clearly display the interdependence between phase transformation strain and material temperature. The full thermomechanical coupling allows to reproduce the exothermic and endothermic effects during respectively forward and backward phase transformation. The numerical tests have thus demonstrated that the model can appropriately reproduce the coupled SMA behavior in different loading conditions and rates. Moreover, the algorithm has proved effective and robust. Further developments are being considered, such as the extension of the formulation to the finite-strain setting and the study of the boundary value problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20gradient%20flow" title="generalized gradient flow">generalized gradient flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GENERIC%20formalism" title=" GENERIC formalism"> GENERIC formalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20memory%20alloys" title=" shape memory alloys"> shape memory alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermomechanical%20coupling" title=" thermomechanical coupling"> thermomechanical coupling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49285/a-variational-reformulation-for-the-thermomechanically-coupled-behavior-of-shape-memory-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25129</span> Forecasting Exchange Rate between Thai Baht and the US Dollar Using Time Series Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunya%20Bowornchockchai">Kunya Bowornchockchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research is to forecast the monthly exchange rate between Thai baht and the US dollar and to compare two forecasting methods. The methods are Box-Jenkins’ method and Holt’s method. Results show that the Box-Jenkins’ method is the most suitable method for the monthly Exchange Rate between Thai Baht and the US Dollar. The suitable forecasting model is ARIMA (1,1,0)  without constant and the forecasting equation is <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Y</span><sub style="line-height: 20.8px;">t</sub><em> = </em>Y<sub>t-1</sub> + 0.3691 (Y<sub>t-1</sub> - Y<sub>t-2</sub>) When Y<sub>t</sub>  is the time series data at time t, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box%E2%80%93Jenkins%20method" title="Box–Jenkins method">Box–Jenkins method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holt%E2%80%99s%20method" title=" Holt’s method"> Holt’s method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20absolute%20percentage%20error%20%28MAPE%29" title=" mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)"> mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title=" exchange rate"> exchange rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10818/forecasting-exchange-rate-between-thai-baht-and-the-us-dollar-using-time-series-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25128</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics of a Bubbling Fluidized Bed in Wood Pellets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeyemi%20Fadipe">Opeyemi Fadipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Lee"> Seong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangming%20Chen"> Guangming Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Efe"> Steve Efe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In comparison to conventional combustion technologies, fluidized bed combustion has several advantages, such as superior heat transfer characteristics due to homogeneous particle mixing, lower temperature needs, nearly isothermal process conditions, and the ability to operate continuously. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can help anticipate the intricate combustion process and the hydrodynamics of a fluidized bed thoroughly by using CFD techniques. Bubbling Fluidized bed was model using the Eulerian-Eulerian model, including the kinetic theory of the flow. The model was validated by comparing it with other simulation of the fluidized bed. The effects of operational gas velocity, volume fraction, and feed rate were also investigated numerically. A higher gas velocity and feed rate cause an increase in fluidization of the bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title="fluidized bed">fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20gas%20velocity" title=" operational gas velocity"> operational gas velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20fraction" title=" volume fraction"> volume fraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168966/computational-fluid-dynamics-of-a-bubbling-fluidized-bed-in-wood-pellets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25127</span> Polymerization: An Alternative Technology for Heavy Metal Removal </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Mahmoud">M. S. Mahmoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the adsorption performance of a novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate gel beads as a non-conventional technique for the successful removal of copper ions from aqueous solution are reported on. Batch equilibrium studies were carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity and process parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosages, initial metal ion concentrations, stirring rates and contact times. It was observed that the optimum pH for maximum copper ions adsorption was at pH 5.0. For all contact times, an increase in copper ions concentration resulted in decrease in the percent of copper ions removal. Langmuir and Freundlich's isothermal models were used to describe the experimental adsorption. Adsorbent was characterization using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alginate%20polymer" title=" alginate polymer"> alginate polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20models" title=" isothermal models"> isothermal models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18708/polymerization-an-alternative-technology-for-heavy-metal-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right 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