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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citotoksinės_medžiagos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citotoksinės medžiagos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citotoksinės_medžiagos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pažeidžiantys_Nukleorūgštis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pažeidžiantys_Nukleorūgštis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pažeidžiantys Nukleorūgštis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pažeidžiantys_Nukleorūgštis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Turinys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuodai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift" title="Gift – Šveicarijos vokiečių" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gift" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveicarijos vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereno" title="Vereno – aragonesų" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vereno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سم – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venenu" title="Venenu – asturianų" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Venenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilo" title="Hilo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hilo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4" title="Яд – baltarusių" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltarusių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Атрута – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атрута" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Отрова – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отрова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F" title="အစွူႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အစွူႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7" title="বিষ – bengalų" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otrov" title="Otrov – bosnių" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Otrov" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%AD" title="Verí – katalonų" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%95%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="ژەھر – soranių kurdų" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژەھر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranių kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jed" title="Jed – čekų" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88" title="Наркăмăш – čiuvašų" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Наркăмăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čiuvašų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenwyn" title="Gwenwyn – valų" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwenwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift" title="Gift – danų" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift" title="Gift – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δηλητήριο – graikų" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δηλητήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="graikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison" title="Poison – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Poison" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneno" title="Veneno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Veneno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneno" title="Veneno – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Veneno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCrk" title="Mürk – estų" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mürk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozoi" title="Pozoi – baskų" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pozoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سم – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrkky" title="Myrkky – suomių" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Myrkky" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="suomių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison" title="Poison – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poison" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimh" title="Nimh – airių" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nimh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="airių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veleno" title="Veleno – galisų" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Veleno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0" title="ઝેર – gudžaratų" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝેર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafi" title="Dafi – hausų" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dafi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="רעל – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רעל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="विष – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otrov" title="Otrov – kroatų" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otrov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9reg" title="Méreg – vengrų" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Méreg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="vengrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Թույն – armėnų" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թույն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racun" title="Racun – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Racun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneno" title="Veneno – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Veneno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eitur" title="Eitur – islandų" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eitur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veleno" title="Veleno – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Veleno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%92" title="毒 – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="毒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racun" title="Racun – javiečių" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Racun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C9%A3es" title="Uɣes – kebailų" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Uɣes" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kebailų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3" title="У – kazachų" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="У" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7" title="ವಿಷ – kanadų" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanadų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85" title="독 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehr" title="Jehr – kurdų" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jehr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BD%D3%A9%D1%80_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Өнөр жай уулары – kirgizų" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өнөр жай уулары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venenum" title="Venenum – lotynų" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Venenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotynų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%ABft" title="Gëft – liuksemburgiečių" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gëft" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="liuksemburgiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – latvių" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Отров – makedonų" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Отров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="വിഷം – malajalių" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хор – mongolų" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="विष – maratų" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racun" title="Racun – malajiečių" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Racun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="အဆိပ် – birmiečių" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဆိပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="बिष – nepaliečių" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बिष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaliečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="विष – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विष" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergif" title="Vergif – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vergif" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift" title="Gift – naujoji norvegų" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="naujoji norvegų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift" title="Gift – norvegų bukmolas" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegų bukmolas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7" title="ବିଷ – odijų" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odijų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜ਼ਹਿਰ – pendžabų" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendžabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trucizna" title="Trucizna – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trucizna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneno" title="Veneno – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Veneno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyu" title="Miyu – kečujų" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Miyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečujų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substan%C8%9Be_toxice" title="Substanțe toxice – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Substanțe toxice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4" title="Яд – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Яд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аба – jakutų" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аба" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilenu" title="Vilenu – siciliečių" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vilenu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushion" title="Pushion – škotų" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pushion" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otrov" title="Otrov – serbų-kroatų" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Otrov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbų-kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83" title="වස – sinhalų" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison" title="Poison – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Poison" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jed" title="Jed – slovakų" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jed" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strup" title="Strup – slovėnų" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strup" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmi" title="Helmi – albanų" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Helmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Отров – serbų" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Отров" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venom" title="Venom – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Venom" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racun" title="Racun – sundų" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Racun" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift" title="Gift – švedų" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ledek" title="ledek – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ledek" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="நஞ்சு – tamilų" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நஞ்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82" title="విషం – telugų" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విషం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80" title="Заҳр – tadžikų" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Заҳр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9" title="พิษ – tajų" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พิษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lason" title="Lason – tagalogų" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lason" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehir" title="Zehir – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zehir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Отрути – ukrainiečių" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Отрути" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharlar" title="Zaharlar – uzbekų" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zaharlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c" title="Chất độc – vietnamiečių" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất độc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwezon" title="Pwezon – valonų" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pwezon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanga" title="Sanga – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sanga" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%89%A9" title="毒物 – kinų kalbos vu tarmė" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="毒物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinų kalbos vu tarmė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98" title="גיפט – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גיפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%89%A9" title="毒物 – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="毒物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Straipsnis iš Vikipedijos, laisvosios enciklopedijos.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Nukreipta iš puslapio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuodas">Nuodas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lt" dir="ltr"><table align="center" class="current" style="background: #fcf3e3; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 100%; width: auto; {{{style}}}"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:NoFonti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/46px-NoFonti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/69px-NoFonti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/92px-NoFonti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>  </td> <td><b>Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas" title="Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas">trūksta išnašų į patikimus šaltinius</a>.</b><br /><small>Jūs galite padėti Vikipedijai pridėdami <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:%C5%A0altini%C5%B3_nurodymas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipedija:Šaltinių nurodymas">tinkamas išnašas</a> su šaltiniais.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Skull_and_Crossbones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/220px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/330px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/440px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaukol%C4%97_ir_sukry%C5%BEiuoti_kaulai" title="Kaukolė ir sukryžiuoti kaulai">Kaukolės ir sukryžiuotų kaulų</a> simbolis tradiciškai naudojamas nuodingoms medžiagoms žymėti</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nuodai</b> – įvairios biologiškai aktyvios medžiagos, galinčios sukelti reikšmingus <a href="/wiki/Organizmas" title="Organizmas">organizmo</a> funkcijų sutrikimus ar mirtį. </p><p>Žinduolius veikiantys nuodai skirstomi pagal poveikio mechanizmą. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Korozyviniai">Korozyviniai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Korozyviniai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Korozyviniai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nudegina, mechaniškai pažeidžia organizmo <a href="/wiki/Audinys_(biologija)" title="Audinys (biologija)">audinius</a>, fiziškai suardo <a href="/wiki/L%C4%85stel%C4%97" title="Ląstelė">ląsteles</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mirtis" title="Mirtis">Mirtis</a> ištinka dėl mechaninių <a href="/wiki/Organizmas" title="Organizmas">organizmo</a> pažeidimų. Iš šios grupės medžiagų mažiausiai pavojingi įvairūs <a href="/wiki/Oksidatorius" title="Oksidatorius">oksidatoriai</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABg%C5%A1tys" class="mw-redirect" title="Rūgštys">Rūgštys</a> (pvz., <a href="/wiki/Sieros_r%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis" title="Sieros rūgštis">sieros rūgštis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azoto_r%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis" title="Azoto rūgštis">azoto rūgštis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druskos_r%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis" title="Druskos rūgštis">druskos rūgštis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0armai" class="mw-redirect" title="Šarmai">Šarmai</a> (pvz., <a href="/wiki/Kaustin%C4%97_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaustinė soda">kaustinė soda</a>)</li> <li>Oksidatoriai (pvz., <a href="/wiki/Vandenilio_peroksidas" title="Vandenilio peroksidas">vandenilio peroksidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalio_permanganatas" title="Kalio permanganatas">kalio permanganatas</a>, chromo oksidas)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reduktorius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reduktorius (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Reduktoriai</a> (pvz., <a href="/wiki/Baltasis_fosforas" title="Baltasis fosforas">baltasis fosforas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siera" title="Siera">siera</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metaboliniai">Metaboliniai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Metaboliniai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Metaboliniai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metaboliniai nuodai pažeidžia organizmo medžiagų apykaitą, pvz. <a href="/wiki/Deguonis" title="Deguonis">deguonies</a>. Mirtis ištinka dėl tam tikrų medžiagų apykaitos sutrikimų. Žinomiausias iš metabolinių nuodų – <a href="/wiki/Smalk%C4%97s" class="mw-redirect" title="Smalkės">smalkės</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglies_monoksidas" title="Anglies monoksidas">anglies monoksidas</a>), blokuojančios <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobinas" title="Hemoglobinas">hemoglobiną</a>. Kai kurie iš metabolinių nuodų gali būti ribotai naudojami, kaip vaistai, pvz., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teturamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teturamas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Teturamas</a> (Antabusas), blokuojantis acetaldehido dehidrogenazę, naudojamas gydant nuo <a href="/wiki/Alkoholizmas" title="Alkoholizmas">alkoholizmo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sunkieji_metalai"><a href="/wiki/Sunkusis_metalas" title="Sunkusis metalas">Sunkieji metalai</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Sunkieji metalai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sunkieji metalai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turi įvairų nuodingąjį poveikį, kaupiasi organizme, sukelia <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C4%97tin%C4%97_liga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lėtinė liga (puslapis neegzistuoja)">lėtines ligas</a>. Į organizmą patenka per <a href="/wiki/Maistas" title="Maistas">maistą</a> ar įkvepiamas <a href="/wiki/Dulk%C4%97s" title="Dulkės">dulkes</a>, rečiau (<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vinas" title="Švinas">švino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyvsidabris" title="Gyvsidabris">gyvsidabrio</a> junginiai) – per odą. Nuodinguoju poveikiu dažniausiai pasižymi ne gryni sunkieji metalai, o įvairios, ypač – tirpios jų <a href="/w/index.php?title=Druksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Druksa (puslapis neegzistuoja)">druskos</a>. Kai kurios iš sunkiųjų metalų druskų, pvz. <a href="/wiki/Chromas" title="Chromas">chromo</a> druskos, pasižymi dar ir stipriu <a href="/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija">koroziniu</a> poveikiu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neurotoksinės_medžiagos"><span id="Neurotoksin.C4.97s_med.C5.BEiagos"></span>Neurotoksinės medžiagos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Neurotoksinės medžiagos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Neurotoksinės medžiagos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Įvairios medžiagos, sutrikdančios <a href="/wiki/Nerv%C5%B3_sistema" title="Nervų sistema">nervų sistemos</a> darbą: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkaloidas" title="Alkaloidas">alkaloidai</a>, imituojantys <a href="/wiki/Mediatorius_(biochemija)" title="Mediatorius (biochemija)">mediatorių</a> savybes, pvz., <a href="/wiki/Strichninas" title="Strichninas">strichninas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atropinas" title="Atropinas">atropinas</a></li> <li>Mediatorius skaidančių <a href="/wiki/Fermentas" title="Fermentas">fermentų</a> inhibitoriai (dažniausiai – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetilcholinesteraz%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetilcholinesterazė (puslapis neegzistuoja)">acetilcholinesterazę</a> blokuojantys <a href="/wiki/Fosforas" title="Fosforas">fosforo</a> junginiai)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citotoksinės_medžiagos"><span id="Citotoksin.C4.97s_med.C5.BEiagos"></span>Citotoksinės medžiagos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Citotoksinės medžiagos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Citotoksinės medžiagos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tiesiogiai pažeidžia ląsteles, mažais kiekiais – silpnina organizmą, ypač – <a href="/wiki/Imunin%C4%97_sistema" title="Imuninė sistema">imuninę sistemą</a>. Pasižymi poveikiu bendrai visam organizmui. Dauguma tokių medžiagų yra įvairūs <a href="/wiki/Toksinas" title="Toksinas">toksinai</a>. Kai kurios iš tokio tipo medžiagų naudojamos kaip <a href="/wiki/Antibiotikas" title="Antibiotikas">antibiotikai</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Prie%C5%A1v%C4%97%C5%BEinis_preparatas" class="mw-redirect" title="Priešvėžinis preparatas">priešvėžiniai vaistai</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pažeidžiantys_Nukleorūgštis"><span id="Pa.C5.BEeid.C5.BEiantys_Nukleor.C5.ABg.C5.A1tis"></span>Pažeidžiantys <a href="/wiki/Nukleor%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleorūgštis">Nukleorūgštis</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Pažeidžiantys Nukleorūgštis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Pažeidžiantys Nukleorūgštis"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pažeidžia organizme esančias nukleorūgštis bei jų apykaitą. Šios rūgštys atsakingos už ląstelių vidinius procesus bei pačių ląstelių ir viso organizmo regeneraciją. Nuodai, pažeidžiantys <a href="/wiki/RNR" class="mw-redirect" title="RNR">RNR</a>, dažnai turi gana stiprų citotoksinį poveikį – dėl <a href="/wiki/RNR" class="mw-redirect" title="RNR">RNR</a> apykaitos sutrikdymo ląstelė negali išlaikyti savo struktūros. <a href="/wiki/DNR" class="mw-redirect" title="DNR">DNR</a> pažeidžiantys nuodai dažnai skirstomi į dvi grupes, nors dažniausiai pasižymi abiejomis savybėmis: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kancerogenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kancerogenas">Kancerogenai</a> (sukeliantys <a href="/wiki/V%C4%97%C5%BEys_(liga)" title="Vėžys (liga)">vėžį</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutagenas" title="Mutagenas">Mutagenai</a> (sukeliantys ląstelių <a href="/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija">mutacijas</a>)</li></ul> <p>Iš mutagenų, kaip atskira grupė, neretai išskiriami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratogenas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teratogenas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">teratogenai</a>, pasižymintys stipriais <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABdikis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kūdikis">kūdikių</a> išsigimimą sukeliančiais efektais. Daugelis nukleorūgštis pažeidžiančių medžiagų pažeidžia ir <a href="/wiki/RNR" class="mw-redirect" title="RNR">RNR</a>, ir <a href="/wiki/DNR" class="mw-redirect" title="DNR">DNR</a>, tikslūs šių medžiagų poveikio būdai kol kas menkai ištirti. Viena iš stipriausių mutageninių ir kancerogeninių medžiagų – <a href="/wiki/Dioksinas" title="Dioksinas">dioksinas</a>, yra ir pats stipriausias žinomas nebaltyminis nuodas. </p> <p><span class="interProject"><a href="https://lt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nuodai" class="extiw" title="q:Nuodai">Vikicitatos </a></span></p><div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikiquote-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikiquote logo"><img alt="Wikiquote logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wikiquote-logo-en.svg/49px-Wikiquote-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wikiquote-logo-en.svg/74px-Wikiquote-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wikiquote-logo-en.svg/98px-Wikiquote-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Wikiquote logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Puslapis <a href="/wiki/Vikicitatos" title="Vikicitatos">Vikicitatose</a> – <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://lt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nuodai" class="extiw" title="q:Nuodai">Nuodai</a></b></i></div> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rodomas puslapis "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&oldid=6774121">https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuodai&oldid=6774121</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kategorijos" title="Specialus:Kategorijos">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nuodai" title="Kategorija:Nuodai">Nuodai</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Paslėptos kategorijos: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_be_%C5%A1altini%C5%B3_nenurodyta_nuo_kada" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai be šaltinių nenurodyta nuo kada">Straipsniai be šaltinių nenurodyta nuo kada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_be_%C5%A1altini%C5%B3_be_skydelio_datos" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai be šaltinių be skydelio datos">Straipsniai be šaltinių be skydelio datos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_be_%C5%A1altini%C5%B3" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai be šaltinių">Straipsniai be šaltinių</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šis puslapis paskutinį kartą keistas 26 lapkričio 2022 15:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekstas pateikiamas pagal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike Licenciją</a>; gali būti taikomos papildomos sąlygos. 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