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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Linois's voyage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linois's_voyage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Battle_of_Algeciras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Battle_of_Algeciras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First Battle of Algeciras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Battle_of_Algeciras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interlude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interlude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interlude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interlude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Battle_of_Algeciras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Battle_of_Algeciras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Second Battle of Algeciras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Battle_of_Algeciras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul 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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1801 Campaign during the War of the Second Coalition</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For similarly titled battles, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Algeciras_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Battle of Algeciras (disambiguation)">Battle of Algeciras</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Algeciras campaign</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_Algeciras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Battle_of_Algeciras.jpg/220px-The_Battle_of_Algeciras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Battle_of_Algeciras.jpg/330px-The_Battle_of_Algeciras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Battle_of_Algeciras.jpg/440px-The_Battle_of_Algeciras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="418" /></a></span><br /><i>The battle of Algeciras</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Morel-Fatio" title="Alfred Morel-Fatio">Alfred Morel-Fatio</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>13 June 1801 – 14 July 1801</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Initial Spanish-French victory followed by British victory and restoration of <i><a href="/wiki/Status_quo_ante_bellum" title="Status quo ante bellum">status quo ante bellum</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">France</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Government_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Government_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Government_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Government_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Government_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Government_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/James_Saumarez,_1st_Baron_de_Saumarez" title="James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez">James Saumarez</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_Durand_Linois" title="Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois">Charles Linois</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> Juan de Mondragón</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corfu_(1798%E2%80%931799)" title="Siege of Corfu (1798–1799)">Corfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Ostrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Feldkirch" title="Battle of Feldkirch">Feldkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">1st Stockach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verona_(1799)" title="Battle of Verona (1799)">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnano" title="Battle of Magnano">Magnano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Cassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassignana_(1799)" title="Battle of Bassignana (1799)">Bassignana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Marengo_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Marengo (1799)">1st Marengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frauenfeld" title="Battle of Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Winterthur" title="Battle of Winterthur">Winterthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zurich" title="First Battle of Zurich">1st Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Modena_(1799)" title="Battle of Modena (1799)">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Trebbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Marengo_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Marengo (1799)">2nd Marengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mantua_(1799)" title="Siege of Mantua (1799)">Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amsteg" title="Battle of Amsteg">Amsteg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Callantsoog" title="Battle of Callantsoog">Callantsoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlieter_incident" title="Vlieter incident">Vlieter incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krabbendam" title="Battle of Krabbendam">Krabbendam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mannheim_(1799)" title="Battle of Mannheim (1799)">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bergen_(1799)" title="Battle of Bergen (1799)">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gotthard_Pass" title="Battle of Gotthard Pass">Gotthard Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">2nd Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Linth_River" title="Battle of Linth River">Linth River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muottental" title="Battle of Muottental">Muottental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alkmaar_(1799)" title="Battle of Alkmaar (1799)">Alkmaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castricum" title="Battle of Castricum">Castricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Second Battle of Novi (1799)">2nd Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Genola" title="Battle of Genola">Genola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Third Battle of Novi (1799)">3rd Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wiesloch_(1799)" title="Battle of Wiesloch (1799)">Wiesloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Genoa_(1800)" title="Siege of Genoa (1800)">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Klenau#1800_Campaign_in_Swabia" title="Johann von Klenau">Hohentwiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1800)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Stockach (1800)">2nd Stockach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messkirch" title="Battle of Messkirch">Messkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Biberach_(1800)" title="Battle of Biberach (1800)">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Bard" title="Siege of Fort Bard">Fort Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chiusella_River" title="Battle of Chiusella River">Chiusella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iller_River" title="Battle of Iller River">Iller River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montebello_(1800)" title="Battle of Montebello (1800)">Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">3rd Marengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%B6chst%C3%A4dt_(1800)" title="Battle of Höchstädt (1800)">Höchstädt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuburg_(1800)" title="Battle of Neuburg (1800)">Neuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ampfing_(1800)" title="Battle of Ampfing (1800)">Ampfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hohenlinden" title="Battle of Hohenlinden">Hohenlinden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pozzolo" title="Battle of Pozzolo">Mincio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1801)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1801)">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Algeciras</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="First Battle of Algeciras">1st</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="Second Battle of Algeciras">2nd</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Porto_Ferrajo" title="Siege of Porto Ferrajo">Porto Ferrajo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_campaign_of_1798" title="Mediterranean campaign of 1798">Mediterranean Campaign</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">Egyptian Campaign</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italian_and_Swiss_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian and Swiss expedition">Italian and Swiss</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Swiss Campaign</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">Italian Campaign</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_invasion_of_Holland" title="Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland">Dutch Campaign</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marengo_campaign" title="Marengo campaign">Marengo Campaign</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglo-Spanish_War(1796–1808)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_French_Revolutionary_Wars:_Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796)" title="Template:Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars: Anglo-Spanish War (1796)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_French_Revolutionary_Wars:_Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars: Anglo-Spanish War (1796)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_French_Revolutionary_Wars:_Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars: Anglo-Spanish War (1796)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglo-Spanish_War(1796–1808)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796%E2%80%931808)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)">Anglo-Spanish War<br />(1796–1808)</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Atlantic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_January_1797" title="Action of 25 January 1797">Gulf of Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1797)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)">Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_26_April_1797" title="Action of 26 April 1797">Conil de la Frontera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_on_C%C3%A1diz" title="Assault on Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1797)" title="Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_16_October_1799" title="Action of 16 October 1799">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_7_April_1800" title="Action of 7 April 1800">1st Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrol_Expedition" title="Ferrol Expedition">Ferrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_5_October_1804" title="Action of 5 October 1804">1st Cape Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_November_1804" title="Action of 25 November 1804">2nd Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_7_December_1804" title="Action of 7 December 1804">2nd Cape Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_(1805)" title="Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_4_April_1808" title="Action of 4 April 1808">3rd Cádiz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Mediterranean</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_October_1796" title="Action of 13 October 1796">1st Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_19_December_1796" title="Action of 19 December 1796">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Minorca_(1798)" title="Capture of Minorca (1798)">Menorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_July_1798" title="Action of 15 July 1798">2nd Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_19_January_1799" title="Action of 19 January 1799">1st Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_6_February_1799" title="Action of 6 February 1799">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_7_July_1799" title="Action of 7 July 1799">2nd Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_10_December_1800" title="Action of 10 December 1800">3rd Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_6_May_1801" title="Action of 6 May 1801">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Algeciras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="First Battle of Algeciras">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="Second Battle of Algeciras">2nd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Oropesa" title="Raid on Oropesa">Oropesa del Mar</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Americas</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition" title="Newfoundland expedition">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Trinidad_(1797)" title="Invasion of Trinidad (1797)">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1797)" title="Battle of San Juan (1797)">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._George%27s_Caye" title="Battle of St. George's Caye">St. George's Caye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_out_of_the_Hermione" title="Cutting out of the Hermione">Puerto Cabello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diamond_Rock" title="Battle of Diamond Rock">Diamond Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_River_Plate" title="British invasions of the River Plate">Río de la Plata</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Buenos_Aires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Buenos Aires (page does not exist)">1st Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Perdriel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Perdriel (page does not exist)">Perdriel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconquest_of_Buenos_Aires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconquest of Buenos Aires (page does not exist)">2nd Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Maldonado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Maldonado (page does not exist)">Maldonado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cardal" title="Battle of Cardal">Cardal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montevideo_(1807)" title="Battle of Montevideo (1807)">Montevideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colonia_del_Sacramento_(1807)" title="Battle of Colonia del Sacramento (1807)">Colonia del Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_2_June_1807" title="Action of 2 June 1807">Paraná Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_San_Pedro_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of San Pedro (1807) (page does not exist)">San Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Miserere" title="Battle of Miserere">Miserere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Buenos_Aires_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Buenos Aires (1807) (page does not exist)">3rd Buenos Aires</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_23_August_1806" title="Action of 23 August 1806">Havana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/East_Indies_theatre_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="East Indies theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars">East Indies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Manila" title="Raid on Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Incident_(1799)" title="Macau Incident (1799)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Naval_campaigns,_operations_and_battles_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_French_Revolutionary_Wars_Naval_Battles" title="Template:Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars Naval Battles"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_French_Revolutionary_Wars_Naval_Battles" title="Template talk:Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars Naval Battles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_French_Revolutionary_Wars_Naval_Battles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars Naval Battles"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Naval_campaigns,_operations_and_battles_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Naval_campaigns,_operations_and_battles_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Naval campaigns, operations and battles of the French Revolutionary Wars"><span class="wrap">Naval campaigns, operations and battles of the French Revolutionary Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Sardinia" title="French expedition to Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_18_June_1793" title="Action of 18 June 1793"><i>Nymphe</i> vs. <i>Cléopâtre</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_31_July_1793" title="Action of 31 July 1793"><i>Embuscade</i> vs. <i>Boston</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon_(1793)" title="Siege of Toulon (1793)">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Genoa" title="Raid on Genoa">1st Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_20_October_1793" title="Action of 20 October 1793"><i>Crescent</i> vs. <i>Réunion</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_23_April_1794" title="Action of 23 April 1794">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_campaign_of_May_1794" title="Atlantic campaign of May 1794">May 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_First_of_June" title="Glorious First of June">Ushant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_6_November_1794" title="Action of 6 November 1794"><i>Alexander</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder" title="Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder">Den Helder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croisi%C3%A8re_du_Grand_Hiver" title="Croisière du Grand Hiver">Croisière du Grand Hiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Roses" title="Battle of the Gulf of Roses">Gulf of Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Genoa_(1795)" title="Battle of Genoa (1795)">2nd Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_10_April_1795" title="Action of 10 April 1795">April 1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwallis%27s_Retreat" title="Cornwallis's Retreat">Cornwallis's Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Groix" title="Battle of Groix">Groix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hy%C3%A8res_Islands" title="Battle of the Hyères Islands">Hyères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Levant_Convoy" title="Battle of the Levant Convoy">Levant Convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Saldanha_Bay" title="Capitulation of Saldanha Bay">Saldanha Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition" title="Newfoundland expedition">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Ireland_(1796)" title="French expedition to Ireland (1796)">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_January_1797" title="Action of 13 January 1797"><i>Droits de l'Homme</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1797)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)">Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jean-Rabel" title="Battle of Jean-Rabel">Jean-Rabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1797)" title="Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camperdown" title="Battle of Camperdown">Camperdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Raz_de_Sein" title="Battle of the Raz de Sein"><i>Mars</i> vs. <i>Hercule</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_%C3%8Eles_Saint-Marcouf" title="Battle of the Îles Saint-Marcouf">Îles Saint-Marcouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Ostend" title="Expedition to Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_30_May_1798" title="Action of 30 May 1798">Dives River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._George%27s_Caye" title="Battle of St. George's Caye">St. George's Caye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tory_Island" title="Battle of Tory Island">Tory Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_24_October_1798" title="Action of 24 October 1798">Texel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croisi%C3%A8re_de_Bruix" title="Croisière de Bruix">Croisière de Bruix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Malta_Convoy" title="Battle of the Malta Convoy">Malta Convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dunkirk_(1800)" title="Raid on Dunkirk (1800)">Dunkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1801)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1801)">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Algeciras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="First Battle of Algeciras">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="Second Battle of Algeciras">2nd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raids_on_Boulogne" title="Raids on Boulogne">Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mah%C3%A9" title="Battle of Mahé">Mahé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Algeciras campaign</b> (sometimes known as the <b>Battle</b> or <b>Battles of Algeciras</b>) was an attempt by a French naval squadron from <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> under Contre-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Charles_Linois" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Linois">Charles Linois</a> to join a French and Spanish fleet at <a href="/wiki/Cadiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadiz">Cadiz</a> during June and July 1801 during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> prior to a planned operation against either <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> or <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. To reach Cadiz, the French squadron had to pass the British naval base at <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, which housed the squadron tasked with <a href="/wiki/Blockading" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockading">blockading</a> Cadiz. The British squadron was commanded by Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Saumarez" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Saumarez">Sir James Saumarez</a>. After a successful voyage between Toulon and Gibraltar in which a number of British vessels were captured, the squadron anchored at <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a>, a fortified port city within sight of Gibraltar across <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Bay">Gibraltar Bay</a>. On 6 July 1801, Saumarez attacked the anchored squadron, in the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="First Battle of Algeciras">First Battle of Algeciras</a>. Although severe damage was inflicted on all three French <a href="/wiki/Ships_of_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ships of the line">ships of the line</a>, none could be successfully captured and the British were forced to withdraw without <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hannibal_(1786)" title="HMS Hannibal (1786)">HMS <i>Hannibal</i></a>, which had grounded and was subsequently seized by the French. </p><p>In the aftermath of the first battle, both sides set about making urgent repairs and calling up reinforcements. On 9 July a fleet of five Spanish and one French ship of the line and several frigates arrived from Cadiz to safely escort Linois's squadron to Cadiz, and the British at Gibraltar redoubled their efforts to restore their squadron to fighting service. In the evening of 12 July the French and Spanish fleet sailed from Algeciras, and the British force followed them, catching the trailing ships in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="Second Battle of Algeciras">Second Battle of Algeciras</a> and opening fire at 11:20. A confused night action followed in which the British ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Superb_(1798)" title="HMS Superb (1798)">HMS <i>Superb</i></a> cut through the disorganised Franco-Spanish rearguard, followed by the rest of Saumarez's force. In the confusion one French ship was captured, a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> sank and two huge 112-gun Spanish <a href="/wiki/First_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="First rate">first rates</a> collided and exploded, killing as many as 1,700 men. The following morning the French ship <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Formidable_(1795)" title="French ship Formidable (1795)"><i>Formidable</i></a> came under attack at the rear of the combined squadron, but successfully drove off pursuit and reached Cadiz safely. </p><p>Ultimately the French and Spanish fleets were successful in their aim of uniting at Cadiz, albeit after heavy losses, but they were still under blockade and in no position to realise either the Egyptian or the Portuguese plans. The two battles, "generally regarded as a single linked battle",<sup id="cite_ref-NM408_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM408-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proved decisive in cementing British control of the Mediterranean Sea and condemning the French Army in Egypt to defeat, totally unsupported by reinforcements from the French Navy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 August 1798, a British fleet surprised and almost completely destroyed the French Mediterranean Fleet at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a> in the aftermath of the successful French invasion of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. This immediately reversed the strategic situation in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, eliminating the French fleet based at <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> as a significant threat and granting the British and their allies in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a> naval dominance in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-RG58_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG58-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next three years, British and allied squadrons enforced <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockades</a> against all significant French and Spanish naval bases in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> but particularly the significant harbours at Toulon and <a href="/wiki/Cadiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadiz">Cadiz</a>. This drastically limited the movement of French troops and military materials across the Mediterranean, with the result that Malta and Corfu were captured and the army in Egypt was steadily reduced in size and effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-RG16_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG16-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1801, in an attempt to increase the size of the French Mediterranean Fleet and to reinforce the beleaguered Egyptian garrison, <a href="/wiki/First_Consul" class="mw-redirect" title="First Consul">First Consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> ordered a squadron of seven <a href="/wiki/Ships_of_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ships of the line">ships of the line</a> to sail from <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> coast to the Mediterranean under Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Ganteaume" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoré Ganteaume">Honoré Ganteaume</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ87_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ87-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron made three unsuccessful attempts to reach Egypt, eventually retiring to Toulon in late July 1801. During the final effort, <a href="/wiki/Ganteaume%27s_expeditions_of_1801" title="Ganteaume's expeditions of 1801">Ganteaume's squadron</a> sailed from Toulon on 27 April 1801 with instructions to briefly secure local naval supremacy around <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> to allow a seabourne invasion to go ahead, before travelling on into the Eastern Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-RW158_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW158-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During these operations, Ganteaume discovered that several ships in his force were dangerously undermanned, and therefore decided to consolidate his crews and send three ships of the line, <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Formidable_(1795)" title="French ship Formidable (1795)"><i>Formidable</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Indomptable_(1790)" title="French ship Indomptable (1790)"><i>Indomptable</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Tyrannicide_(1793)" title="French ship Tyrannicide (1793)"><i>Desaix</i></a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_frigate_Cr%C3%A9ole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French frigate Créole (page does not exist)"><i>Créole</i></a> back to Toulon.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ93_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ93-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The presence of this force at Toulon enabled the French to plan a secondary operation using Ganteaume's new arrivals. A deal had been brokered earlier in the year between Bonaparte and <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a> for the Spanish government to provide six ships of the line from the Cadiz fleet to the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RW161_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW161-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orders were given that the new squadron at Cadiz was to be joined by the three ships of the line detached from Ganteaume's squadron, as well as the frigate <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Muiron" title="French frigate Muiron"><i>Muiron</i></a> under the overall command of Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Charles_Linois" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Linois">Charles Linois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC459_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC459-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This force of nine French ships, accompanied by six promised vessels from the Spanish fleet, was then to fulfill one of two mooted plans: the first was a large scale attack on <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>. Portugal and Spain were engaged in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Oranges" title="War of the Oranges">War of the Oranges</a> and Lisbon was a major British trading port: the French admiral <a href="/wiki/Yves-Joseph_de_Kerguelen-Tr%C3%A9marec" title="Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec">Kerguelen</a> had estimated some years earlier that an attack there could seize as much as "2 millions" of British goods and shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ112_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ112-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other planned operation, adopted following the end of the War of the Oranges on 2 June, was for the force to resupply Egypt using soldiers stationed at Italian ports.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ112_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ112-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To facilitate the transfer of the Spanish ships to French control, Napoleon ordered Contre-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dumanoir_le_Pelley" title="Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley">Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley</a> to sail to Cadiz. Le Pelley arrived at the Spanish port on 13 June in the frigates <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Libre_(1796)" title="French frigate Libre (1796)"><i>Libre</i></a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_frigate_Indienne_(1796)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French frigate Indienne (1796) (page does not exist)"><i>Indienne</i></a> with sailors to begin manning the newly purchased ships and Commodore <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_le_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien le Ray (page does not exist)">Julien le Ray</a> to command them. His arrival was noted by the British blockade squadron off Cadiz under Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Saumarez" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Saumarez">Sir James Saumarez</a>, a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a> and one of <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Lord Nelson</a>'s famous "<a href="/wiki/Nelsonic_Band_of_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelsonic Band of Brothers">Band of Brothers</a>":<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBSaumarez_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBSaumarez-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le Pelley's ships were chased by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Superb_(1798)" title="HMS Superb (1798)">HMS <i>Superb</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Venerable_(1784)" title="HMS Venerable (1784)">HMS <i>Venerable</i></a>, but the French admiral managed to evade his pursuers and reach Cadiz safely.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ123_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ123-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saumarez had been ordered to Cadiz in May 1801 with orders to blockade the Spanish fleet but also specifically to watch for an attempt by a French squadron to link with the Spanish fleet at Cadiz.<sup id="cite_ref-JM33_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM33-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linois's_voyage"><span id="Linois.27s_voyage"></span>Linois's voyage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Linois's voyage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_and_Bay_map_1750.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gibraltar_and_Bay_map_1750.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_and_Bay_map_1750.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gibraltar_and_Bay_map_1750.jpg/330px-Gibraltar_and_Bay_map_1750.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gibraltar_and_Bay_map_1750.jpg/440px-Gibraltar_and_Bay_map_1750.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="2750" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Bay of Gibraltar, c.1750, showing Algeciras (left) and Gibraltar; there is roughly 10 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a> (5.4 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a>; 6.2 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a>) of open water between them.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Battle_in_the_Algeciras_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Battle in the Algeciras campaign">Order of Battle in the Algeciras campaign</a></div> <p>Linois sailed from Toulon on 13 June 1801 with three ships of the line and one frigate carrying 1,560 soldiers under Brigadier-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Devaux_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Devaux (general) (page does not exist)">Pierre Devaux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Devaux_(g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral)" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Devaux (général)">fr</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC458_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC458-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ganteaume's earlier expedition was still in the Eastern Mediterranean, and so the British blockade force under <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Borlase_Warren" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Borlase Warren">Sir John Borlase Warren</a> detailed to watch Toulon was instead off Malta hoping to intercept Ganteaume on his return.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ113_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ113-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the only British ships on hand when Linois emerged from the port were a few frigates, which were easily chased away by the larger warships of the French squadron. Linois's passage was slow, facing winds from the southwest that delayed his squadron and so by 30 June, they were only off <a href="/wiki/Cabo_de_Gata-N%C3%ADjar_Natural_Park" title="Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park">Cape de Gata</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a>. On 1 July. they were spotted from Gibraltar although the only warship there was the 14-gun <a href="/wiki/HMS_Calpe_(1800)" title="HMS Calpe (1800)">HMS <i>Calpe</i></a> under Captain <a href="/wiki/George_Heneage_Lawrence_Dundas" class="mw-redirect" title="George Heneage Lawrence Dundas">George Dundas</a>, which was unable to influence their advance. Instead, Captain Dundas ordered Lieutenant Richard Janvarin to take a boat and communicate with the Cadiz blockade force of seven ships of the line, under Saumarez.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC459_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC459-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linois passed Gibraltar on 3 July and during the night discovered the 14-gun <a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">brig</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Speedy_(1782)" title="HMS Speedy (1782)">HMS <i>Speedy</i></a> a short distance ahead. Linois's squadron had captured a number of merchant vessels during their voyage but this was their first warship, and although it was no match for size, <i>Speedy</i> was an infamous vessel under the command of Captain <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Lord Cochrane</a>. Cochrane had spent the last year raiding the Spanish coast with great success, taking or destroying more than 50 ships including the celebrated <a href="/wiki/Action_of_6_May_1801" title="Action of 6 May 1801">Action of 6 May 1801</a> in which Cochrane had attacked and captured the far larger Spanish <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_frigate_El_Gamo" title="Spanish frigate El Gamo"><i>Gamo</i></a> off <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBCochrane_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBCochrane-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cochrane's initial belief that the strange ships were Spanish treasure vessels caused him to bring <i>Speedy</i> closer to the ships and by the time he realised his error escape was impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-RLA92_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RLA92-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than surrender however, Cochrane threw all of his guns and excessive weight overboard and manoeuvred his ship to avoid coming into range of the French <a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">broadsides</a>. He then attempted to cut directly between the approaching <i>Formidable</i> and <i>Desaix</i>, the small target avoiding the concentrated fire of the French ships and pulling into open water. At this, Commodore <a href="/wiki/Jean-Anne_Christy-Palli%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Anne Christy-Pallière">Jean-Anne Christy-Pallière</a> on <i>Desaix</i> swung his ship about and pursued, several shots damaging <i>Speedy</i>'s sails and rigging. As <i>Speedy</i> slowed, <i>Desaix</i> overtook the small brig and fired a full broadside at close range.<sup id="cite_ref-RH58_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RH58-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was fired as the French ship was on the uproll and therefore missed the deck entirely and failed to cause a single casualty. It did however tear away the remaining rigging and sails, leaving <i>Speedy</i> unmanageable. Rather than suffer another broadside, Cochrane surrendered his ship and was taken aboard <i>Desaix</i>, where Christy-Pallière acknowledged his brave defence by refusing to accept Cochrane's surrendered sword with the words "I will not accept the sword of an officer who has for so many hours struggled against impossibility".<sup id="cite_ref-RH59_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RH59-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Cochrane, Linois learned of Saumarez's presence ahead of him and, knowing that his presence would have been reported by the garrison at Gibraltar,<sup id="cite_ref-JM32_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM32-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his squadron returned eastwards around Cabrita Point and came to anchor at <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a>, a fortified Spanish port that lay directly opposite and within sight of Gibraltar across the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a> on 4 July.<sup id="cite_ref-RW161_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW161-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Off Cadiz, the squadron under Saumarez was notified of Linois's arrival by Lieutenant Janvarin at 02:00 on 5 July and immediately turned back towards Gibraltar, <a href="/wiki/Tack_(sailing)" title="Tack (sailing)">tacking</a> against the wind. The frigate <a href="/wiki/HMS_Thames_(1758)" title="HMS Thames (1758)">HMS <i>Thames</i></a> was detached and sent 18 nautical miles (33 km) westwards to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalquivir River">Guadalquivir River</a> to collect <a href="/wiki/HMS_Superb_(1798)" title="HMS Superb (1798)">HMS <i>Superb</i></a> under Captain <a href="/wiki/Richard_Goodwin_Keats" title="Richard Goodwin Keats">Richard Goodwin Keats</a>, which was blockading the river with the small brig <a href="/wiki/HMS_Pasley" title="HMS Pasley">HMS <i>Pasley</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC460_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC460-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keats did follow Saumarez back to Algeciras, and was in distantly in sight when the battle commenced, but on hearing an inaccurate report from an American merchant ship that Linois had escaped the bay and was at sea once more, Keats reasoned that the French must be returning to Toulon and that he would be in a better position returning to the blockade of Cadiz than attempting to join Saumarez's chase.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ124_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ124-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">lugger</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Plymouth" title="HMS Plymouth">HMS <i>Plymouth</i></a> was also detached to Lisbon with despatches for the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> informing them of Saumarez's intentions.<sup id="cite_ref-JM33_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM33-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British admiral, knowing that Linois was still anchored in the bay, intended to descend on Algeciras immediately but was beset by a series of calm spells that prevented his squadron from doing more than slowly drifting eastwards away from <i>Superb</i> and towards Algeciras. It was not until the morning of 6 July therefore that Saumarez was in a position to attack the anchored French squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-NM404_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM404-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In anticipation of Saumarez's arrival, Linois had formed his squadron into a strong defensive position, the three ships of the line anchored in a line north to south across in shallow waters off the mouth of Algeciras harbour, protected by Spanish forts at either extremity and around the town itself, where <i>Murion</i> was anchored in shallower water. Linois led the line himself in <i>Formidable</i>, but despatched parties from the crews of the ships of the line to augment the Spanish defences.<sup id="cite_ref-NM404_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM404-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Battle_of_Algeciras">First Battle of Algeciras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Battle of Algeciras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_algesiras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bataille_algesiras.jpg/240px-Bataille_algesiras.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bataille_algesiras.jpg/360px-Bataille_algesiras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Bataille_algesiras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption><i>Algéciras, 6 Juillet 1802</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Morel-Fatio" title="Alfred Morel-Fatio">Alfred Morel-Fatio</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="First Battle of Algeciras">First Battle of Algeciras</a></div> <p>At 07:00, Saumarez ordered his squadron to advance into the bay without delay and engage the French directly, the attack to be led by Captain <a href="/wiki/Sir_Samuel_Hood,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet">Samuel Hood</a> in HMS <i>Venerable</i>. Hood was delayed by light winds however, and the first ship into action was <a href="/wiki/HMS_Pomp%C3%A9e_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Pompée (1793)">HMS <i>Pompée</i></a> under Captain <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stirling" title="Charles Stirling">Charles Stirling</a>, which attacked the anchored French ships in succession before anchoring close to <i>Formidable</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ115_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ115-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pompée</i> was followed by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Audacious_(1785)" title="HMS Audacious (1785)">HMS <i>Audacious</i></a>, Saumarez's flagship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Caesar_(1793)" title="HMS Caesar (1793)">HMS <i>Caesar</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hannibal_(1786)" title="HMS Hannibal (1786)">HMS <i>Hannibal</i></a>, with <i>Venerable</i> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Spencer_(1800)" title="HMS Spencer (1800)">HMS <i>Spencer</i></a> participating at a greater distance because of the unreliable wind.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC461_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC461-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 10:00 both squadrons were fully engaged except for <i>Pompée</i>, at the head of the British line, which had been caught by a current and swung so that the ship's bow was facing <i>Formidable</i>'s <a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">broadside</a>, allowing Linois to <a href="/wiki/Raking_fire" title="Raking fire">rake</a> the British ship.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ116_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ116-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeing the danger Stirling was in, Saumarez ordered Captain <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Ferris_(Royal_Navy_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon Ferris (Royal Navy officer)">Solomon Ferris</a> to take <i>Hannibal</i> around the head of the French line and rake <i>Formidable</i>. In the light wind, Ferris took almost an hour to reach the head of the lines, but as he turned inshore, <i>Hannibal</i> grounded on a shoal directly under the guns of the Spanish fort at <i>Torre de Almirante</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC463_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC463-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saumarez ordered his squadron's boats to assist <i>Hannibal</i> and <i>Pompée</i>, both of which were trapped under heavy fire and unable to effectively respond.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC463_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC463-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As he did so, Linois ordered his ships to cut their anchor cables and drift into the shallows, away from the becalmed British squadron. <i>Formidable</i> successfully completed the manoeuvre, but both <i>Desaix</i> and <i>Indomptable</i> grounded inshore, where they were exposed to heavy fire from Saumarez's ships, which had also cut their cables in an effort to close with their opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ117_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ117-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 13:35 however, Saumarez recognised that his squadron was in danger of grounding directly under the fire of the Spanish batteries. With the squadron's boats either sunk or employed towing <i>Pompée</i> back to Gibraltar, there was no possibility of launching an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious operation">amphibious operation</a> against the Spanish forts and Saumarez reluctantly called the attack off, the remainder of the squadron retiring to Gibraltar but leaving the stranded <i>Hannibal</i> in the Bay of Gibraltar.<sup id="cite_ref-RG89_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG89-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Hannibal</i> had been exposed to the combined French and Spanish fire for four hours, and had lost two masts and more than 140 men killed and wounded. In an effort to preserve the lives of his crew, Ferris ordered his men to shelter below decks, but at 14:00 fires broke out on the ship and Ferris, isolated by Saumarez's withdrawal, surrendered his ship.<sup id="cite_ref-NM405_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM405-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French boarding parties extinguished the fires and rehung the struck <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">ensign</a> upside down to signify that <i>Hannibal</i> had surrendered. However, in the Royal Navy an inverted flag is a <a href="/wiki/Signal_of_distress" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal of distress">signal of distress</a>, and at least one British ship's boat was captured while attempting to bring assistance to Ferris before the misunderstanding was realised.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC464_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC464-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French victory had come at a heavy cost: more than 160 men were killed and 300 wounded and all three French ships had been severely damaged.<sup id="ref_Note_A_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_Note_A">[Note A]</a></sup> Among the dead were the captains of both <i>Formidable</i> and <i>Indomptable</i>, although Linois was unhurt.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC465_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC465-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish had suffered eleven men killed and five <a href="/wiki/Gunboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunboats">gunboats</a> had been destroyed. The batteries and town had also been badly damaged in the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ119_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ119-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British losses were also heavy, with more than 130 killed and more than 230 wounded, most of whom had been lost on <i>Hannibal</i> and <i>Pompée</i>. In addition to the loss of <i>Hannibal</i>, <i>Pompée</i> was severely damaged and the remainder of the British squadron all required urgent repairs.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC464_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC464-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interlude">Interlude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interlude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Immediately following the battle, Linois used overland messengers to request the assistance of the Spanish fleet at Cadiz under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Mazarredo_y_Salazar" title="Jose de Mazarredo y Salazar">Jose de Mazzaredo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RG91_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG91-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linois and Saumarez also embarked on a program of refitting and repairing their damaged squadrons in preparation for a resumption of the action. At Gibraltar, the wounded were transferred to the naval hospital and the dead buried in the gravesite later to be known as <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Cemetery" title="Trafalgar Cemetery">Trafalgar Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JM41_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM41-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saumarez ordered that the most damaged of the surviving ships, <i>Pompée</i> and <i>Caesar</i>, be laid up in dock and their crews distributed among the remaining ships to ensure that they could be repaired as rapidly as possible, a situation made necessary in part because of the seizure of many of Gibraltar's shipwrights in the Bay of Gibraltar when they were sent to aid <i>Hannibal</i> in the last stages of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-NM406_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM406-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire squadron needed extensive repairs, their requirements met by Captain <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ball" title="Alexander Ball">Alexander Ball</a>, naval commissioner at Gibraltar.<sup id="cite_ref-JM43_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM43-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain <a href="/wiki/Jahleel_Brenton" title="Jahleel Brenton">Jahleel Brenton</a> of <i>Caesar</i> protested this order and Saumarez permitted him to continue with repairs: <i>Caesar</i>'s crew worked all day and in regular shifts throughout the night for the next week to ensure that when Saumarez sailed again, <i>Caesar</i> sailed with him, the crew having replaced the ship's damaged masts in just four days.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ125_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ125-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saumarez also sent a boat under a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_truce" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of truce">flag of truce</a> in to Algeciras to arrange for the repatriation under <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a> of Ferris and his officers. Following a brief correspondence between Linois and the British admiral, the captured British officers, including Ferris and Cochrane, were sent to Gibraltar, later joined by the wounded British sailors captured on <i>Hannibal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ122_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ122-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferris was immediately sent to Britain on <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Plymouth_(1786)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Plymouth (1786) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Plymouth</i></a> with despatches, to await the <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a> for the loss of his ship.<sup id="cite_ref-JM45_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM45-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his officers were completely exonerated.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ123_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ123-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linois also began a programme of refloating and making extensive repairs to his ships, including the captured <i>Hannibal</i>, which he renamed <i>Annibal</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jury_masts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury masts">Jury masts</a> were set up on the battered hulk, although such extensive repairs were required that when Linois sailed a week later the ship was still only just seaworthy, and was sent back to Algeciras.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ126_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ126-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Cadiz, despite Spanish hesitation, the messages from Linois coupled with strong representations from le Pelley prompted Mazzaredo to order a squadron to sea on the morning of 9 July, commanded by Vice-Admiral Don <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Moreno_de_Mondrag%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Joaquín Moreno de Mondragón (page does not exist)">Juan Joaquin de Moreno</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Moreno_de_Mondrag%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="es:Juan Joaquín Moreno de Mondragón">es</a>]</span> and including two very large <a href="/wiki/First_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="First rate">first rate</a> ships of the line: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_ship_Real_Carlos_(1787)" title="Spanish ship Real Carlos (1787)"><i>Real Carlos</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_ship_San_Hermenegildo_(1789)" title="Spanish ship San Hermenegildo (1789)"><i>San Hermenegildo</i></a>, each mustering 112 guns.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC466_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC466-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remainder of the squadron consisted of a 96-gun Spanish ship, an 80-gun Spanish ship, a 74-gun Spanish ship as well as the 74-gun ship <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Saint_Antoine" class="mw-redirect" title="French ship Saint Antoine"><i>Saint Antoine</i></a>, which a few days earlier had been the Spanish <i>San Antonio</i>. The first of the purchased ships of the line to be commissioned into the French Navy, <i>Saint Antoine</i>'s crew was drawn from the men brought to Cadiz on the frigates <i>Libre</i> and <i>Indienne</i>, supplemented by a number of Spanish sailors and commanded by Commodore Le Ray. Accompanying the squadron were the frigates <i>Libre</i>, the Spanish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_frigate_Sabina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish frigate Sabina (page does not exist)"><i>Sabina</i></a> and the French <a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">lugger</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_lugger_Vautour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French lugger Vautour (page does not exist)"><i>Vautour</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ126_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ126-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The departure of this combined squadron was observed by Captain <a href="/wiki/Richard_Goodwin_Keats" title="Richard Goodwin Keats">Richard Goodwin Keats</a> on <i>HMS Superb</i>, which after returning to Cadiz had retained station off the port with HMS <i>Thames</i> and HMS <i>Pasley</i>. <i>Thames</i> was inshore searching a seized American merchant ship, and witnessed the emergence of the squadron retreating before four ships of the line that approached the British frigate. <i>Superb</i> was sighted shortly afterwards and also retreated before a ship of the line and two frigates, as they repaired to the outer roads ready to sail with the land breeze the following morning.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the fleet prepared to sail in the morning Keats immediately sent <i>Pasley</i> ahead to Gibraltar to warn Saumarez, the brig arriving at 15:00 closely followed by the British men of war sailing under a crowd of canvas and signalling the approach of the enemy as they arrived up. No sooner had they rounded Cabrita Point than the Spanish reinforcements were seen entering the bay (save for <i>Saint Antoine</i>, which had been unable to work out of the harbour and arrived the following day). Moreno's squadron anchored in the Bay of Gibraltar, out of reach of the British batteries on Gibraltar and waited there for Linois to complete his repairs, <i>Saint Antoine</i> joining the squadron on the morning of 10 July.<sup id="cite_ref-RG92_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG92-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keats brought his ships into Gibraltar, where efforts to repair the squadron were increased, with the knowledge that Moreno would soon be sailing to Cadiz with Linois squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-NM406_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM406-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saumarez, concerned by the size of the combined squadron, sent urgent messages to the Mediterranean Fleet under <a href="/wiki/George_Elphinstone,_1st_Viscount_Keith" title="George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith">Lord Keith</a> in the Eastern Mediterranean requesting support in the belief that Moreno would be delayed at least two weeks because of the condition of Linois's ships.<sup id="cite_ref-JM43_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM43-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saumarez was wrong: Moreno planned to convoy the battered squadron the short distance to Cadiz as soon as they were seaworthy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Battle_of_Algeciras">Second Battle of Algeciras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second Battle of Algeciras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Algeciras" title="Second Battle of Algeciras">Second Battle of Algeciras</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Marine-Pacini-118.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/La_Marine-Pacini-118.png/220px-La_Marine-Pacini-118.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/La_Marine-Pacini-118.png/330px-La_Marine-Pacini-118.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/La_Marine-Pacini-118.png/440px-La_Marine-Pacini-118.png 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>HMS <i>Superb</i> sails away from the Spanish fleet at Gibraltar Bay, while the <i>Hermenegildo</i> and <i>Real Carlos</i> explode in the background after mistakenly firing on one other. Drawing by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_L%C3%A9on_Morel-Fatio" title="Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio">Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of 12 July the combined French and Spanish squadron put to sea, followed closely by the British squadron. Both sides took most of the day to assemble, hampered by light winds and damaged warships, but at 19:00 Moreno gave orders for his squadron to make all sail westwards towards the open ocean and Cadiz. Saumarez followed, but at 20:40, with night drawing in and the wind picking up, he instructed Keats to take <i>Superb</i>, the fastest ship in his squadron, ahead and engage the rearguard of Moreno's force.<sup id="cite_ref-RW161_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW161-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wind soon freshened to a hard gale in the straits and the <i>Superb</i> went at 11.5 knots, leaving her compatriots some miles behind as she closed on the retreating enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 23:20, with lights concealed and making no signals, she ranged up alongside a Spanish three- decker -the <i>Real Carlos</i>, and discharged three broadsides into her before being met by return of fire. Some of the shot was high and passed through the rigging of the <i>Real Carlos</i> to hit a ship to her larboard – the Spanish three-decker <i>San Hermenegildo</i>. In the confusion she mistook the <i>Real Carlos</i> as her enemy, which resulted in a general cannonade throughout the enemy squadron. In about ten minutes the <i>Real Carlos</i> was observed to be on fire. The <i>San Hermenegildo</i> still believing the <i>Real Carlos</i> to be the enemy closed to send raking fire through her stern, but was caught in a violent gust that brought the two ships together so the fire spread to both ships, which subsequently blew up, the concussion being felt as far away as Cádiz, and were completely destroyed with horrendous loss of life. More than 1700 men perished.<sup id="cite_ref-RG93_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG93-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At some stage during the night, the independently sailing Spanish frigate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_frigate_Perla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish frigate Perla (page does not exist)"><i>Perla</i></a> sailed through the battle and was fatally damaged in the crossfire, sinking the next morning.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ354_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ354-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keats meanwhile had engaged and defeated <i>Saint Antoine</i>, forcing the wounded Commodore <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_le_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien le Ray (page does not exist)">Julien le Ray</a> to surrender following an action that had lasted just half an hour. Casualties on <i>Saint Antoine</i> were heavy, although <i>Superb</i> had just 15 men wounded. The rest of the British squadron, following up in the darkness, mistook <i>Saint Antoine</i> as being still active, and all fired on the ship as they passed, intending to catch the remainder of Moreno's squadron as it sailed northwest along the Spanish coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ128_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ128-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 04:00 the <i>Formidable</i>, now under the command of Captain <a href="/wiki/Amable_Troude" title="Amable Troude">Amable Troude</a>, was seen to the north in <a href="/wiki/Conil_de_la_Frontera" title="Conil de la Frontera">Conil Bay</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cape_Trafalgar" title="Cape Trafalgar">Cape Trafalgar</a> and Saumarez sent <i>Venerable</i> to chase the French ship, Hood accompanied by <i>Thames</i> under Captain <a href="/wiki/Aiskew_Hollis" title="Aiskew Hollis">Aiskew Hollis</a>. At 05:15, <i>Venerable</i> came within range and a close action soon followed, Hood ordering Hollis to bring his ship close to Troude's stern and open up a raking fire. <i>Formidable</i> had the better of the action however and at 06:45, with casualties mounting, Hood's mainmast collapsed over the side.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC468_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC468-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note B </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beau_fait_d%27armes_du_capitaine_Troude_3895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Beau_fait_d%27armes_du_capitaine_Troude_3895.jpg/220px-Beau_fait_d%27armes_du_capitaine_Troude_3895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Beau_fait_d%27armes_du_capitaine_Troude_3895.jpg/330px-Beau_fait_d%27armes_du_capitaine_Troude_3895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Beau_fait_d%27armes_du_capitaine_Troude_3895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption><i>Beau fait d'armes du capitaine Troude</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Morel-Fatio" title="Alfred Morel-Fatio">Alfred Morel-Fatio</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Taking advantage of the disability to the British ship, Troude pulled <i>Formidable</i> ahead in light winds, slowly rejoining the main squadron under Moreno, which was holding station off Cadiz harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ129_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ129-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <i>Formidable</i> moved away, the remaining masts on <i>Venerable</i> collapsed and the ship grounded off <a href="/wiki/Islote_de_Sancti_Petri" title="Islote de Sancti Petri">Sancti Petri</a>. There was concern in the British squadron that Moreno might counterattack the disabled ship, but the arrival on the horizon of <i>Audacious</i> and <i>Superb</i> persuaded the Spanish admiral to withdraw into Cadiz.<sup id="cite_ref-RG93_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG93-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hood was able to refloat <i>Venerable</i> on 13 July and the ship was towed back to Gibraltar with the prize <i>Saint Antoine</i>. Saumarez left three ships to maintain the blockade at Cadiz, returning the situation off the port to that before the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ130_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ130-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In France the campaign was represented as a victory, as Linois' genuine achievements at Algeciras were followed by exaggerated reports of Troude's defence in Conil Bay in which the second battle was represented as a significant success against a more numerous British force. Troude had shown skill and bravery in the engagement, but his subsequent reputation was largely built on the strength of a report sent to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by Dumanoir le Pelley, which was based on a letter written by Captain Troude. In the letter, he claimed that he had fought not only <i>Venerable</i> and <i>Thames</i> but also <i>Caesar</i> and <i>Spencer</i> (misidentified in the report as <i>Superb</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-WJ131_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ131-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Troude stated that he had not driven all of those ships off and also completely destroyed <i>Venerable</i> by driving the ship ashore. Troude was subsequently promoted and highly praised, holding a number of important active commands in the French Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC469_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC469-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spain, the outcome of the campaign infuriated the Spanish government and contributed to the souring of the Franco-Spanish alliance. The Spanish demanded that the Spanish forces then stationed at <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> on the French Atlantic coast return to Spanish waters, and Spanish pressure on Portugal was relaxed. This weakening of the Franco-Spanish axis was a significant factor in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> in early 1802 that brought the French Revolutionary Wars to a close.<sup id="cite_ref-NR472_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NR472-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saumarez was lauded in Britain, the success of the second action mitigating the initial defeat. He was awarded the thanks of both <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Houses of Parliament</a> and made a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Bath">Knight of the Bath</a> with a pension of £1,200 annually (the equivalent of £115,000 as of 2024).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ130_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ130-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly five decades later, the second battle (although not the first) was among the actions recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Naval_General_Service_Medal_(1847)" title="Naval General Service Medal (1847)">Naval General Service Medal</a>, awarded upon application to all British participants still living in 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-LG4_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG4-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In British histories the campaign is usually considered a single linked battle, with the overall outcome favourable to the British force, despite the failure to prevent Linois from linking with Cadiz and the loss of <i>Hannibal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NM408_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM408-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The severe losses inflicted on the Spanish fleet at Cadiz and the reinstatement of the blockade meant that the French plan to reinforce the army trapped in Egypt was a total failure, the garrison there surrendering in September after a hard-fought campaign against British and Ottoman forces.<sup id="cite_ref-NM409_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM409-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also emphasised British dominance at sea by this stage of the war, reiterating that no force could sail from a French or allied port without detection and interception by the Royal Navy, but still not dominant enough to conquer the bulk of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC470_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC470-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The campaign later played a prominent part in the novels <i><a href="/wiki/Master_and_Commander" title="Master and Commander">Master and Commander</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">Patrick O'Brian</a> and <i>Touch and Go</i> by <a href="/wiki/C._Northcote_Parkinson" title="C. Northcote Parkinson">C. Northcote Parkinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style=""><ol class="references" style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"> <li id="cnote_Note_A"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_Note_A_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"><b>Note A:</b> Reports of French casualties in the first battle vary widely. James and Clowes quote French reports of 306 killed and 280 wounded in total and Spanish reports that the French suffered 500 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-WLC465_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLC465-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WJ119_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ119-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However in his breakdown of French casualties ship by ship, Musteen records only 161 killed and 324 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-JM41_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM41-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> </ol></div> <p><b>Note B</b> Keats's detailed account is recorded in; 'Narrative of the Services of His Majesty's Ship Superb, 74, on the night of 12 July 1801 and the two following days, by her then Captain, Sir Richard Goodwin Keats G.C.B &' -Longmans, London, 1838. Somerset Records Office, DD/CPL/30; reproduced in Hannah, P., '<b>A Treasure to the Service'</b>, Green Hill, Adelaide, 2021, ISBN 978-1-922629-73-9, appendix III </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NM408-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NM408_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NM408_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mostert, p. 408</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG58-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RG58_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG16-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RG16_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ87-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ87_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RW158-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RW158_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodman, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ93-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ93_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RW161-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RW161_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RW161_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RW161_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodman, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC459-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WLC459_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WLC459_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 459</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ112-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ112_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ112_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBSaumarez-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNBSaumarez_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSainsbury2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sainsbury, A. B. (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24685">"Saumarez, James"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F24685">10.1093/ref:odnb/24685</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saumarez%2C+James&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F24685&rft.aulast=Sainsbury&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F24685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ123-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ123_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ123_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JM33-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JM33_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM33_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Musteen, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC458-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLC458_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 458</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ113-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ113_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBCochrane-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNBCochrane_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lambert" title="Andrew Lambert">Lambert, Andrew</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5757">"Cochrane, Thomas"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F5757">10.1093/ref:odnb/5757</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cochrane%2C+Thomas&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F5757&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F5757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RLA92-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RLA92_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adkins, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RH58-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RH58_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RH59-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RH59_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JM32-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JM32_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musteen, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC460-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLC460_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 460</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ124-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ124_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM404-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NM404_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NM404_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mostert, p. 404</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ115-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ115_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC461-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLC461_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 461</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ116-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ116_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC463-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WLC463_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WLC463_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 463</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ117-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ117_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG89-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RG89_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM405-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NM405_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mostert, p. 405</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC464-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WLC464_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WLC464_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 464</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC465-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WLC465_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WLC465_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 465</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ119-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ119_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ119_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG91-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RG91_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JM41-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JM41_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM41_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Musteen, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM406-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NM406_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NM406_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mostert, p. 406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JM43-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JM43_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM43_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Musteen, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ125-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ125_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ122-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ122_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JM45-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JM45_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musteen, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ126-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ126_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ126_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC466-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLC466_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 466</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannah, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG92-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RG92_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannah, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG93-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RG93_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RG93_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ354-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ354_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 354</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ128-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ128_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC468-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLC468_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 468</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ129-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ129_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ130-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ130_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ130_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ131-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WJ131_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC469-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLC469_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 469</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NR472-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NR472_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger, p. 472</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG4-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LG4_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette20939" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/20939/page/240">"No. 20939"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 26 January 1849. p. 240.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+20939&rft.pages=240&rft.date=1849-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F20939%2Fpage%2F240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM409-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NM409_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mostert, p. 409</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLC470-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLC470_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clowes, p. 470</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/O%27Brian,_Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Brian, Patrick">O'Brian, Patrick</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Master_and_Commander" title="Master and Commander">Master and Commander</a></i>, 1969, Harper Collins, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0006499155" title="Special:BookSources/0006499155">0006499155</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C._Northcote_Parkinson" title="C. Northcote Parkinson">Parkinson, C. Northcote</a>, <i>Touch and Go</i>, 1978, Littlehampton Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0417024606" title="Special:BookSources/0417024606">0417024606</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdkins2006" class="citation book cs1">Adkins, Roy & Lesley (2006). <i>The War for All the Oceans</i>. Abacus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11916-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11916-8"><bdi>978-0-349-11916-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+for+All+the+Oceans&rft.pub=Abacus&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-349-11916-8&rft.aulast=Adkins&rft.aufirst=Roy+%26+Lesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClowes1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Laird_Clowes" title="William Laird Clowes">Clowes, William Laird</a> (1997) [1900]. <i>The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV</i>. London: Chatham Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86176-013-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86176-013-2"><bdi>1-86176-013-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Navy%2C+A+History+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+1900%2C+Volume+IV&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chatham+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-86176-013-2&rft.aulast=Clowes&rft.aufirst=William+Laird&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner,_Robert2001" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert, ed. (2001) [1996]. <i>Nelson Against Napoleon</i>. Caxton Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86176-026-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86176-026-4"><bdi>1-86176-026-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nelson+Against+Napoleon&rft.pub=Caxton+Editions&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-86176-026-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah,_P.2021" class="citation book cs1">Hannah, P. (2021). <i>A Treasure to the Service</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1922629739" title="Special:BookSources/978-1922629739"><bdi>978-1922629739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treasure+to+the+Service&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1922629739&rft.au=Hannah%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2000" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Robert (2000). <i>Cochrane: The Life and Exploits of a Fighting Captain</i>. Constable. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84119-162-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-84119-162-0"><bdi>1-84119-162-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cochrane%3A+The+Life+and+Exploits+of+a+Fighting+Captain&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-84119-162-0&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_James_(naval_historian)" title="William James (naval historian)">James, William</a> (2002) [1827]. <i>The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3, 1800–1805</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-907-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-907-7"><bdi>0-85177-907-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Naval+History+of+Great+Britain%2C+Volume+3%2C+1800%E2%80%931805&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-85177-907-7&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="Reference-Mostert">Mostert, Noel (2007). <i>The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail 1793–1815.</i> Vintage Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0927-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0927-2">978-0-7126-0927-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="Reference-Musteen">Musteen, Jason R. (2011). <i>Nelson's Refuge: Gibraltar in the Age of Napoleon.</i> Naval Investiture Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-545-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-545-5">978-1-59114-545-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodger2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Rodger" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Rodger">Rodger, N.A.M.</a> (2004). <i>The Command of the Ocean</i>. Allan Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-71399-411-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-71399-411-8"><bdi>0-71399-411-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Command+of+the+Ocean&rft.pub=Allan+Lane&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-71399-411-8&rft.aulast=Rodger&rft.aufirst=N.A.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodman2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodman" title="Richard Woodman">Woodman, Richard</a> (2001). <i>The Sea Warriors</i>. Constable Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84119-183-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84119-183-3"><bdi>1-84119-183-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sea+Warriors&rft.pub=Constable+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-84119-183-3&rft.aulast=Woodman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgeciras+campaign" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algeciras_campaign&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Algeciras_Bay" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Algeciras Bay">Battle of Algeciras Bay</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Second_Battle_of_Algeciras_(1801)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Second Battle of Algeciras (1801)">Second Battle of Algeciras (1801)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Florence" title="Treaty of Florence">Treaty of Florence</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns</b><br />Algeciras campaign </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Revolution" title="Template:French Revolution"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Revolution" title="Template talk:French Revolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Revolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Revolution"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Causes of the French Revolution">Causes</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Timeline of the French Revolution">Timeline</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92)">Constitutional monarchy</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Glossary of the French Revolution">Glossary</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_journals_appearing_under_the_French_Revolution" title="List of journals appearing under the French Revolution">Journals</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Museum</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Significant_civil_and_political_events_by_year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Significant civil and political events by year</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1788</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(7 Jun 1788)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Vizille" title="Assembly of Vizille">Assembly of Vizille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jul 1788)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_the_Third_Estate%3F" title="What Is the Third Estate?">What Is the Third Estate?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jan 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon_riots" title="Réveillon riots">Réveillon riots</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Apr 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Convocation of the Estates General</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 May 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France#Illness" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Death of the Dauphin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 June 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jun 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jul 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fear" title="Great Fear">Great Fear</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_feudalism_in_France" title="Abolition of feudalism in France">Abolition of Feudalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–11 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Oct 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biens_nationaux" title="Biens nationaux">Nationalization of the Church properties</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Nov 1789)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1790</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlement#Abolition" title="Parlement">Abolition of the Parlements</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Feb–Jul 1790)</span></li> <li>Abolition of the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility#The_abolition_of_privileges_during_the_French_Revolution" title="French nobility">Nobility</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Jun 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i> <small>(14 Jul 1790)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1791</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Varennes" title="Flight to Varennes">Flight to Varennes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Jun 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_massacre" title="Champ de Mars massacre">Champ de Mars massacre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jul 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">Declaration of Pillnitz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Aug 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">The Constitution of 1791</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">National Legislative Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1792</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">France declares war</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Apr 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto" title="Brunswick Manifesto">Brunswick Manifesto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jul 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(1789%E2%80%931795)" title="Paris Commune (1789–1795)">Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jun 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">10th of August</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Aug 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">September Massacres</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sep 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First republic declared</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1793</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI" title="Execution of Louis XVI">Execution of Louis XVI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jan 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_General_Security" title="Committee of General Security">Committee of General Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793" title="Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793">Fall of the Girondists</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Jun 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat#Death" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Assassination of Marat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jul 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">Levée en masse</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Aug 1793)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Marat" title="The Death of Marat">The Death of Marat</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(painting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Suspects" title="Law of Suspects">Law of Suspects</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Sep 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette#Trial_and_execution_(14–16_October_1793)" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette is guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(16 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution#The_Revolution_and_the_Church" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Anti-clerical laws</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(throughout the year)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton#Life" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins#Trial_and_execution" title="Camille Desmoulins">Desmoulins guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">Law of 22 Prairial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a> guillotined <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">White Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Fall 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins#Fall_from_power" title="Jacobins">Closing of the Jacobin Club</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Nov 1794)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1795–6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_12_Germinal_Year_III" title="Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III">Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Apr 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_III" title="Constitution of the Year III">Constitution of the Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Aug 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directoire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1795–99)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ancients" title="Council of Ancients">Council of Ancients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">13 Vendémiaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">5 Oct 1795</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_the_Equals" title="Conspiracy of the Equals">Conspiracy of the Equals</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(May 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1797</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Fructidor" title="Coup of 18 Fructidor">Coup of 18 Fructidor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Rastatt" title="Second Congress of Rastatt">Second Congress of Rastatt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1798</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Flor%C3%A9al_Year_VI" title="Law of 22 Floréal Year VI">Law of 22 Floréal Year VI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 May 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1799</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_30_Prairial_VII" title="Coup of 30 Prairial VII">Coup of 30 Prairial VII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">Coup of 18 Brumaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Nov 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">Constitution of the Year VIII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Dec 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Revolutionary_campaigns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Revolutionary campaigns</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1792_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1792</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thionville_(1792)" title="Siege of Thionville (1792)">Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Valmy</a></li> <li>Royalist Revolts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>Dauphiné</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Goddess" title="Column of the Goddess">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1792)" title="Siege of Mainz (1792)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jemappes" title="Battle of Jemappes">Jemappes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1792)" title="Siege of Namur (1792)">Namur</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Namur_(1792)" class="extiw" title="fr:Siège de Namur (1792)">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1793_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1793</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neerwinden_(1793)" title="Battle of Neerwinden (1793)">Battle of Neerwinden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Famars" title="Battle of Famars">Battle of Famars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Sardinia" title="French expedition to Sardinia">Expedition to Sardinia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaiserslautern" title="Battle of Kaiserslautern">Battle of Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1793)" title="Siege of Mainz (1793)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wattignies" title="Battle of Wattignies">Battle of Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hondschoote" title="Battle of Hondschoote">Battle of Hondschoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bellegarde_(1793)" title="Siege of Bellegarde (1793)">Siege of Bellegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peyrestortes" title="Battle of Peyrestortes">Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Toulon">Siege of Toulon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">First Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Truillas" title="Battle of Truillas">Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">Second Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26–27 Dec 1793)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1794_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1794 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1794</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villers-en-Cauchies" title="Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies">Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Boulou" title="Second Battle of Boulou">Second Battle of Boulou</a> (Pyrenees) <span style="font-size:85%;">(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tourcoing" title="Battle of Tourcoing">Battle of Tourcoing</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tournay_(1794)" title="Battle of Tournay (1794)">Battle of Tournay</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_First_of_June" title="Glorious First of June">Glorious First of June</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1794)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1794)">Battle of Fleurus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aldenhoven_(1794)" title="Battle of Aldenhoven (1794)">Battle of Aldenhoven</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Oct 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1795_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1795</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Basel" title="Peace of Basel">Peace of Basel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1796_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1796 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1796</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796%E2%80%931797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796–1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lonato" title="Battle of Lonato">Battle of Lonato</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3–4 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Theiningen" title="Battle of Theiningen">Battle of Theiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neresheim" title="Battle of Neresheim">Battle of Neresheim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amberg" title="Battle of Amberg">Battle of Amberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Battle of Würzburg">Battle of Würzburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovereto" title="Battle of Rovereto">Battle of Rovereto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">First Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmendingen" title="Battle of Emmendingen">Battle of Emmendingen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(19 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schliengen" title="Battle of Schliengen">Battle of Schliengen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bassano" title="Second Battle of Bassano">Second Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calliano" title="Battle of Calliano">Battle of Calliano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6–7 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15–17 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Ireland_(1796)" title="French expedition to Ireland (1796)">Ireland expedition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1797_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1797</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796-1797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796-1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_January_1797" title="Action of 13 January 1797">Naval Engagement off Brittany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14–15 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_January_1797" title="Action of 25 January 1797">Battle of the Bay of Cádiz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leoben" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Leoben">Treaty of Leoben</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuwied_(1797)" title="Battle of Neuwied (1797)">Battle of Neuwied</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Oct 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1798_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1798</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion of Switzerland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 January – 17 May 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">French Invasion of Egypt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798#French_landing" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_War_(1798)" title="Peasants' War (1798)">Peasants' War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1799</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799)" title="Siege of Acre (1799)">Siege of Acre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnano" title="Battle of Magnano">Battle of Magnano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of Cassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27–28 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zurich" title="First Battle of Zurich">First Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–7 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Battle of Trebbia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17–20 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Battle of Novi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Aug 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Second Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25–26 Sep 1799)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1800_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1800 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1800</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Alessandria" title="Convention of Alessandria">Convention of Alessandria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hohenlinden" title="Battle of Hohenlinden">Battle of Hohenlinden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Dec 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Armed_Neutrality" title="Second League of Armed Neutrality">League of Armed Neutrality</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1800–02)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1801_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1801 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1801</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Treaty of Lunéville</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Feb 1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Florence" title="Treaty of Florence">Treaty of Florence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Mar 1801)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Algeciras campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Jul 1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1802</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1802)" title="Treaty of Paris (1802)">Treaty of Paris</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jun 1802)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Military_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military leaders</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Charles_d%27Aoust" title="Eustache Charles d'Aoust">Eustache Charles d'Aoust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Augereau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Augereau">Pierre Augereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Brune" title="Guillaume Brune">Guillaume Brune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Carteaux" title="Jean François Carteaux">Jean François Carteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Championnet" title="Jean-Étienne Championnet">Jean-Étienne Championnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bertin_Gaston_Chapuis_de_Tourville" title="Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville">Chapuis de Tourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Philippe,_Comte_de_Custine" title="Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine">Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Desaix" title="Louis Desaix">Louis Desaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dugommier" title="Jacques François Dugommier">Jacques François Dugommier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Alexandre_Dumas" title="Thomas-Alexandre Dumas">Thomas-Alexandre Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Charles François Dumouriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Ferino" title="Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino">Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Charles_de_Flers" title="Louis-Charles de Flers">Louis-Charles de Flers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grenier" title="Paul Grenier">Paul Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_de_Grouchy,_marquis_de_Grouchy" title="Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy">Emmanuel de Grouchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maurice_Hatry" title="Jacques Maurice Hatry">Jacques Maurice Hatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jean-Baptiste Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">François Christophe de Kellermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">Jean-Baptiste Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Choderlos_de_Laclos" title="Pierre Choderlos de Laclos">Pierre Choderlos de Laclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc_(general,_born_1772)" title="Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)">Charles Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lecourbe" title="Claude Lecourbe">Claude Lecourbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Lefebvre" title="François Joseph Lefebvre">François Joseph Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald" title="Étienne Macdonald">Étienne Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Marbot" title="Jean-Antoine Marbot">Jean-Antoine Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Marbot" title="Marcellin Marbot">Marcellin Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau" title="François Séverin Marceau">François Séverin Marceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon-Adrien_Jeannot_de_Moncey" title="Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey">Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Jean Victor Marie Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jacques_Osten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Jacques Osten (page does not exist)">Pierre-Jacques Osten</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Jacques_Osten" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre-Jacques Osten">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oudinot" title="Nicolas Oudinot">Nicolas Oudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine-Dominique_de_P%C3%A9rignon" title="Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon">Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Mathieu-Philibert_S%C3%A9rurier" title="Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier">Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Souham" title="Joseph Souham">Joseph Souham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Gabriel_Suchet" title="Louis-Gabriel Suchet">Louis-Gabriel Suchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Henri_Belgrand_de_Vaubois" title="Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois">Belgrand de Vaubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Victor_Perrin" title="Claude-Victor Perrin">Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Navy#18th_century" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_Durand_Linois" title="Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois">Charles-Alexandre Linois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Alvinczi" title="József Alvinczi">József Alvinczi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9bastien_Charles_Joseph_de_Croix,_Count_of_Clerfayt" title="François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt">Count of Clerfayt <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_von_Hotze" title="Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze">Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze <span style="font-size:85%;">(Swiss)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf,_Count_von_Kalckreuth" title="Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth">Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kray" title="Paul Kray">Pál Kray <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene,_Prince_of_Lambesc" title="Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc">Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc <span style="font-size:85%;">(French)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Anton_Karl,_Count_Baillet_de_Latour" title="Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour">Maximilian Baillet de Latour <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mack_von_Leiberich" title="Karl Mack von Leiberich">Karl Mack von Leiberich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ritter_von_Otto" title="Rudolf Ritter von Otto">Rudolf Ritter von Otto <span style="font-size:85%;">(Saxon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Josias_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vitus_von_Quosdanovich" title="Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich">Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_XV_of_Reuss-Plauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen">Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_M%C3%A9sz%C3%A1ros_von_Szoboszl%C3%B3" title="Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló">Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp_Sebottendorf" title="Karl Philipp Sebottendorf">Karl Philipp Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Dagobert von Wurmser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abercromby" title="Ralph Abercromby">Ralph Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Saumarez,_1st_Baron_de_Saumarez" title="James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez">James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pellew,_1st_Viscount_Exmouth" title="Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth">Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William V, Prince of Orange">William V, Prince of Orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korsakov" title="Alexander Korsakov">Alexander Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rosenberg" title="Andrei Rosenberg">Andrei Rosenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931810)#Charles_IV,_decline_and_fall_(1788–1808)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700–1810)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Firm%C3%ADn_de_Carvajal,_Conde_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión">Luis Firmin de Carvajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ricardos" title="Antonio Ricardos">Antonio Ricardos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Other_significant_figures_and_factions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other significant figures and factions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Patriotic Society of 1789</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Alexandre_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric,_duc_de_la_Rochefoucauld-Liancourt" class="mw-redirect" title="François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt">François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy le Chapelier">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Nicolas de Condorcet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Club_de_Clichy" title="Club de Clichy">monarchiens</a></i></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Elliott" title="Grace Elliott">Grace Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_II_de_La_Porte" title="Arnaud II de La Porte">Arnaud de La Porte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Sifrein_Maury" title="Jean-Sifrein Maury">Jean-Sifrein Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Mathieu_Dumas" title="Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas">Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Barnave" title="Antoine Barnave">Antoine Barnave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Th%C3%A9odore-Victor,_comte_de_Lameth" title="Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth">Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Malo_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lameth" title="Charles Malo François Lameth">Charles Malo François Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="André Chénier">André Chénier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rewbell" title="Jean-François Rewbell">Jean-François Rewbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Jordan_(politician)" title="Camille Jordan (politician)">Camille Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_de_Boissy_d%27Anglas" title="François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas">Boissy d'Anglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Royer-Collard" title="Pierre Paul Royer-Collard">Pierre Paul Royer-Collard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Brissot" title="Jacques Pierre Brissot">Jacques Pierre Brissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière">Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Roland" title="Madame Roland">Madame Roland</a></li> <li>Father <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Henri Grégoire">Henri Grégoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Étienne Clavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles">Marie Jean Hérault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Debry" title="Jean Debry">Jean Debry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Olympe de Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plain" title="The Plain">The Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Charles-François Lebrun">Charles-François Lebrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Cambon" title="Pierre-Joseph Cambon">Pierre-Joseph Cambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Merlin" title="Antoine Christophe Merlin">Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Mounier" title="Jean Joseph Mounier">Jean Joseph Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Samuel_du_Pont_de_Nemours" title="Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours">Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">Montagnards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Louis Antoine de Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Michel_le_Peletier,_marquis_de_Saint-Fargeau" title="Louis-Michel le Peletier, marquis de Saint-Fargeau">Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Couthon" title="Georges Couthon">Georges Couthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos">Roger Ducos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Collot_d%27Herbois" title="Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois">Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_Voulland" title="Jean-Henri Voulland">Jean-Henri Voulland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Quentin_Fouquier-Tinville" title="Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville">Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Le_Bas" title="Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas">Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Guillaume_Alexis_Vadier" title="Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier">Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Amar" title="Jean-Pierre-André Amar">Jean-Pierre-André Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine,_comte_Prieur-Duvernois" title="Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois">Prieur de la Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Prieur de la Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Romme" title="Gilbert Romme">Gilbert Romme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bon_Saint-Andr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Bon Saint-André">Jean Bon Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Lambert_Tallien" title="Jean-Lambert Tallien">Jean-Lambert Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Pierre Louis Prieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Saliceti" title="Antoine Christophe Saliceti">Antoine Christophe Saliceti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Enragés</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Jacques Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne" title="Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne">Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Pierre Gaspard Chaumette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Momoro" title="Antoine-François Momoro">Antoine-François Momoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Vincent" title="François-Nicolas Vincent">François-Nicolas Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chabot" title="François Chabot">François Chabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_No%C3%ABl_Bouchotte" title="Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte">Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Gobel" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel">Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot">François Hanriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas-Marie_Maillard" title="Stanislas-Marie Maillard">Stanislas-Marie Maillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Varlet" title="Jean-François Varlet">Jean-François Varlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9ophile_Victor_Leclerc" title="Jean Théophile Victor Leclerc">Theophile Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Lacombe" title="Claire Lacombe">Claire Lacombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_L%C3%A9on" title="Pauline Léon">Pauline Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Henri, Prince of Condé">Louis Henri, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé">Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fesch" title="Joseph Fesch">Joseph Fesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Donatien_Le_Ray_de_Chaumont" title="Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont">Jacques-Donatien Le Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9sa_Tallien" title="Thérésa Tallien">Thérésa Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui-Jean-Baptiste_Target" title="Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target">Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Th%C3%A9ot" title="Catherine Théot">Catherine Théot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Louise_of_Savoy,_Princesse_de_Lamballe" title="Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe">Madame de Lamballe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">Louis de Breteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chouan" title="Jean Chouan">Jean Chouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Loménie de Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">Charles Alexandre de Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Duval_d%27Epr%C3%A9mesnil" title="Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil">Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_the_French_Revolution" title="List of people associated with the French Revolution">List of people associated with the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_Club" title="Panthéon Club">Panthéon Club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Friends_of_Truth" title="Society of the Friends of Truth">Social Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Influential_thinkers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Influential thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Les Lumières</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacharsis_Cloots" title="Anacharsis Cloots">Anacharsis Cloots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_Daunou" title="Pierre Claude François Daunou">Pierre Claude François Daunou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Cultural_impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cultural impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag of France</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscadin" title="Muscadin">Muscadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being" title="Cult of the Supreme Being">Cult of the Supreme Being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Reason" title="Cult of Reason">Cult of Reason</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Reason" title="Temple of Reason">Temple of Reason</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Sans-culottes" title="Sans-culottes">Sans-culottes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Women in the French Revolution">Women in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incroyables_and_merveilleuses" title="Incroyables and merveilleuses">Incroyables and merveilleuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Symbolism in the French Revolution">Symbolism in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Historiography of the French Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Influence of the French Revolution">Influence of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_during_the_French_Revolution_and_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="List of films set during the French Revolution and French Revolutionary Wars">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Algeciras" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Algeciras" title="Template:Algeciras"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Algeciras" title="Template talk:Algeciras"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Algeciras" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Algeciras"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Algeciras" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Algeciras" title="History of Algeciras">History of Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeciras Campaign">Algeciras Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Conference" title="Algeciras Conference">Algeciras Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_R%C3%ADo_Palmones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Río Palmones (page does not exist)">Battle of Río Palmones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caetaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caetaria (page does not exist)">Caetaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_fish_salting_factory" title="Roman fish salting factory">Roman fish salting factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_San_Diego" title="Fuerte de San Diego">Fuerte de San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_San_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Fuerte de San García">Fuerte de San García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_kilns_of_El_Rinconcillo" title="Roman kilns of El Rinconcillo">Roman kilns of El Rinconcillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Algeciras_(1278%E2%80%931279)" title="Siege of Algeciras (1278–1279)">Siege of Algeciras (1278–1279)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Algeciras_(1278)" title="Battle of Algeciras (1278)">Battle of Algeciras (1278)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Algeciras_(1309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Algeciras (1309)">Siege of Algeciras (1309)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Algeciras_(1342%E2%80%931344)" title="Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344)">Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Algeciras_(1369)" title="Siege of Algeciras (1369)">Siege of Algeciras (1369)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeciras Campaign">Battle of Algeciras (1801)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Algeciras" title="Taifa of Algeciras">Taifa of Algeciras</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras"><img alt="Algeciras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_maritime_algeciras.svg/89px-Flag_maritime_algeciras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_maritime_algeciras.svg/134px-Flag_maritime_algeciras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_maritime_algeciras.svg/178px-Flag_maritime_algeciras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cala_Arenas" title="Cala Arenas">Cala Arenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_del_Centenario" title="Parque del Centenario">Parque del Centenario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_de_las_Acacias_de_Algeciras" title="Parque de las Acacias de Algeciras">Parque de las Acacias de Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_de_la_Conferencia" title="Parque de la Conferencia">Parque de la Conferencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina" title="Parque María Cristina">Parque María Cristina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paseo_Cornisa" title="Paseo Cornisa">Paseo Cornisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pelayo" title="El Pelayo">El Pelayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_del_Barranco" title="Playa del Barranco">Playa del Barranco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_de_El_Chinarral" title="Playa de El Chinarral">Playa de El Chinarral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_de_Getares" title="Playa de Getares">Playa de Getares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_de_Los_Ladrillos" title="Playa de Los Ladrillos">Playa de Los Ladrillos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_de_El_Rinconcillo" title="Playa de El Rinconcillo">Playa de El Rinconcillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Miel" title="Río de la Miel">Río de la Miel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_P%C3%ADcaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Río Pícaro">Río Pícaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Palmones" class="mw-redirect" title="Río Palmones">Río Palmones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Heliport" title="Algeciras Heliport">Algeciras Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Municipal_Library" title="Algeciras Municipal Library">Algeciras Municipal Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Town_Hall" title="Algeciras Town Hall">Algeciras Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Algeciras" title="Aqueduct of Algeciras">Aqueduct of Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahia_Park" title="Bahia Park">Bahia Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capilla_de_la_Caridad_(Algeciras)" title="Capilla de la Caridad (Algeciras)">Capilla de la Caridad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capilla_del_Cristo_de_la_Alameda_(Algeciras)" title="Capilla del Cristo de la Alameda (Algeciras)">Capilla del Cristo de la Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Chapel of Our Lady of Europe">Chapel of Our Lady of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermita_Sagrado_Coraz%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Ermita Sagrado Corazón de Jesús">Ermita Sagrado Corazón de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_Isla_Verde" title="Fuerte de Isla Verde">Fuerte de Isla Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_la_Caridad_(Algeciras)" title="Hospital de la Caridad (Algeciras)">Hospital de la Caridad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_Punta_de_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hospital Punta de Europa (page does not exist)">Hospital Punta de Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Palma" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Palma">Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursaal_of_Algeciras" title="Kursaal of Algeciras">Kursaal of Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Villa_Vieja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Villa Vieja (page does not exist)">La Villa Vieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_Isla_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouse of Isla Verde">Lighthouse of Isla Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_Punta_Carnero" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouse of Punta Carnero">Lighthouse of Punta Carnero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinid_Walls_of_Algeciras" title="Marinid Walls of Algeciras">Marinid Walls of Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Museum_of_Algeciras" title="Municipal Museum of Algeciras">Municipal Museum of Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Florida" title="Teatro Florida">Teatro Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_los_Adalides" title="Torre de los Adalides">Torre de los Adalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Almirante" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower of Almirante">Tower of Almirante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Arroyo_del_Lobo" title="Torre del Arroyo del Lobo">Torre del Arroyo del Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Fraile" title="Torre del Fraile">Torre del Fraile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of Algeciras (page does not exist)">Economy of Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotel_AC_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotel AC Algeciras (page does not exist)">Hotel AC Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Anglo-Hispano" title="Hotel Anglo-Hispano">Hotel Anglo-Hispano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Reina_Cristina" title="Hotel Reina Cristina">Hotel Reina Cristina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Sevilla_(Algeciras)" title="Hotel Sevilla (Algeciras)">Hotel Sevilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercado_de_abastos_de_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercado de abastos de Algeciras (page does not exist)">Mercado de abastos de Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezquita_Aljama_de_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezquita Aljama de Algeciras (page does not exist)">Mezquita Aljama de Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patio_del_Coral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patio del Coral (page does not exist)">Patio del Coral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Alta_(Algeciras)" title="Plaza Alta (Algeciras)">Plaza Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa" title="Plaza de Andalucía">Plaza de Andalucía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_toros_de_Las_Palomas" title="Plaza de toros de Las Palomas">Plaza de toros de Las Palomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADgono_Industrial_Cortijo_Real" title="Polígono Industrial Cortijo Real">Polígono Industrial Cortijo Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Algeciras" title="Port of Algeciras">Port of Algeciras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escuela_de_Artes_y_Oficios_de_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Algeciras (page does not exist)">Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiestas_of_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiestas of Algeciras (page does not exist)">Fiestas of Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orquesta_Sinf%C3%B3nica_de_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orquesta Sinfónica de Algeciras (page does not exist)">Orquesta Sinfónica de Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fair_of_Algeciras" title="Royal Fair of Algeciras">Royal Fair of Algeciras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_CF" title="Algeciras CF">Algeciras CF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_BM" title="Algeciras BM">Algeciras Balonmano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balonmano_Ciudad_de_Algeciras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balonmano Ciudad de Algeciras (page does not exist)">Balonmano Ciudad de Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Baloncesto_Ciudad_de_Algeciras" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Baloncesto Ciudad de Algeciras">Club Baloncesto Ciudad de Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nuevo_Mirador" title="Estadio Nuevo Mirador">Estadio Nuevo Mirador</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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