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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panécio de Rodes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 40 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitios" title="Panaitios — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Panaitios" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بانتيوس — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بانتيوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بانتيوس — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بانتيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodoslu_Paneti" title="Rodoslu Paneti — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rodoslu Paneti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Панетий Родоски — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панетий Родоски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneci_de_Rodes" title="Paneci de Rodes — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paneci de Rodes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitios" title="Panaitios — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panaitios" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Панети — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Панети" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitios" title="Panaitios — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panaitios" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitios_von_Rhodos" title="Panaitios von Rhodos — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panaitios von Rhodos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Παναίτιος — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παναίτιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaetius" title="Panaetius — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Panaetius" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitio" title="Panaitio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Panaitio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panecio_de_Rodas" title="Panecio de Rodas — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Panecio de Rodas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panezio" title="Panezio — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panezio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پانائتیوس — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پانائتیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitios" title="Panaitios — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panaitios" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%A9tios_de_Rhodes" title="Panétios de Rhodes — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Panétios de Rhodes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panecio_de_Rodas" title="Panecio de Rodas — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Panecio de Rodas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panetije" title="Panetije — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Panetije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitiosz_(filoz%C3%B3fus)" title="Panaitiosz (filozófus) — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panaitiosz (filozófus)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaetius" title="Panaetius — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Panaetius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%A6t%C3%ADos" title="Panætíos — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Panætíos" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panezio_di_Rodi" title="Panezio di Rodi — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Panezio di Rodi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="パナイティオス — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パナイティオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="파나이티오스 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파나이티오스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Панетий — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панетий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaetius_Rhodius" title="Panaetius Rhodius — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Panaetius Rhodius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98" title="Панетиј — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Панетиј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaetius_van_Rodos" title="Panaetius van Rodos — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panaetius van Rodos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panajtios" title="Panajtios — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panajtios" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Панетий Родосский — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панетий Родосский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panetije" title="Panetije — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panetije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitios_(filozof)" title="Panaitios (filozof) — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panaitios (filozof)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panetij" title="Panetij — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Panetij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Панетије Стоик — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панетије Стоик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaitios" title="Panaitios — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panaitios" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaetius" title="Panaetius — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panaetius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Панетій — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панетій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%A5%88%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="帕奈提乌斯 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕奈提乌斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q297420#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Pan%C3%A9cio+de+Rodes">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Pan%C3%A9cio+de+Rodes&oq=Pan%C3%A9cio+de+Rodes">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Pan%C3%A9cio+de+Rodes">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Pan%C3%A9cio+de+Rodes">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Setembro de 2023</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:transparent; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Panécio de Rodes</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Panaetius_Nuremberg_Chronicle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panécio de Rodes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Panaetius_Nuremberg_Chronicle.jpg/200px-Panaetius_Nuremberg_Chronicle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Panaetius_Nuremberg_Chronicle.jpg/300px-Panaetius_Nuremberg_Chronicle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Panaetius_Nuremberg_Chronicle.jpg/400px-Panaetius_Nuremberg_Chronicle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Panécio de Rodes</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:99%;">Escola/Tradição </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Estoicismo" title="Estoicismo">Estoicismo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:99%;">Data de nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/185_a.C." title="185 a.C.">185 a.C.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:99%;">Local </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rodes" title="Rodes">Rodes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:99%;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/110_a.C." title="110 a.C.">110 a.C.</a> (75 anos) </span> ou <span style="white-space:nowrap;">109 a.C.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:99%;">Local </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:99%;">Era </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofia_antiga" title="Filosofia antiga">Filosofia antiga</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Panécio de Rodes</b> (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega" title="Língua grega">grego</a>: <span lang="el" class="politonico">Παναίτιος</span>; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/185_a.C." title="185 a.C.">185 a.C.</a></span> — <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 110/09 a.C.</span> )<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> foi um <a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%B3sofo" title="Filósofo">filósofo</a> <a href="/wiki/Estoicismo" title="Estoicismo">estoico</a>. Foi discípulo de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3genes_da_Babil%C3%B4nia" title="Diógenes da Babilônia">Diógenes da Babilónia</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%ADpatro_de_Tarso" title="Antípatro de Tarso">Antípatro de Tarso</a>, antes de viajar para <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> onde foi influente na introdução das doutrinas estoicas. Depois da morte de <a href="/wiki/Cipi%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Cipião">Cipião</a> em 129, regressou à escola estoica em Atenas, tendo sido o seu último <a href="/wiki/Escolarca" title="Escolarca">escolarca</a>. Com Panécio, o estoicismo tornou-se mais ecléctico. A sua obra mais famosa foi "Sobre os Deveres", a fonte principal de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADcero" title="Cícero">Cícero</a> na sua própria obra com o mesmo nome. </p><p>Panécio de Rodes é amplamente reconhecido como um dos expoentes mais destacados do estoicismo médio. Ele trouxe inovações significativas, adaptando elementos da psicologia, resgatando alguns aspectos da física e enfatizando tanto os valores como os deveres humanos. Em termos de ética, ele suavizou a rigidez inerente ao estoicismo antigo, substituindo-a por um humanismo que, juntamente com a racionalidade teórica, considera a razão prática, que leva em conta a mutabilidade dos eventos. Isso representou uma mudança substancial em relação ao estoicismo anterior, abandonando a apatia e a mortificação em favor da celebração da alegria de viver. </p><p>Além disso, Panécio adotou as doutrinas políticas de <a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%A3o" title="Platão">Platão</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a>, destacando a importância das formas mistas de governo. Ele também se opôs a mitos e práticas de adivinhação. Suas obras abordaram uma variedade de temas, como o ócio, a serenidade da alma e a providência, temas que ressoaram particularmente com o espírito romano. Sua obra mais notável foi "Sobre os Deveres", que foi mencionada por Cícero como uma contribuição fundamental. Ele também escreveu sobre "A Providência" e produziu um comentário sobre o "Timeu" de Platão. Lamentavelmente, muitos de seus escritos foram perdidos ao longo do tempo, e o que resta são apenas fragmentos e referências em fontes <a href="/wiki/Doxografia" title="Doxografia">doxográficas</a>. </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tiziano Dorandi, <i>Chapter 2: Chronology</i>, in Algra et al. (1999) <i>The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy</i>, pages 41-2. Cambridge</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D2E7F0">Estoicismo<br />antigo</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Zen%C3%A3o_de_C%C3%ADtio" title="Zenão de Cítio">Zenão de Cítio</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseu_de_C%C3%ADtio" title="Perseu de Cítio">Perseu de Cítio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%ADston_de_Quio" title="Aríston de Quio">Aríston de Quio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esfero" title="Esfero">Esfero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rilos_de_Cartago" title="Hérilos de Cartago">Hérilos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cleantes_de_Assos" title="Cleantes de Assos">Cleantes de Assos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Crisipo_de_Solos" title="Crisipo de Solos">Crisipo de Solos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen%C3%A3o_de_Tarso" title="Zenão de Tarso">Zenão de Tarso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3genes_da_Babil%C3%B4nia" title="Diógenes da Babilônia">Diógenes da Babilônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolodoro_de_Sel%C3%AAucia" title="Apolodoro de Selêucia">Apolodoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%ADpatro_de_Tarso" title="Antípatro de Tarso">Antípatro de Tarso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D2E7F0">Estoicismo<br />médio</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panécio de Rodes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1rdano_de_Atenas" title="Dárdano de Atenas">Dárdano de Atenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnesarco_de_Atenas" title="Mnesarco de Atenas">Mnesarco de Atenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecato_de_Rodes" title="Hecato de Rodes">Hecato de Rodes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Posid%C3%B3nio" title="Posidónio">Posidónio</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3doto" title="Diódoto">Diódoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAmino" title="Gêmino">Gêmino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A3o,_o_Jovem" title="Catão, o Jovem">Catão, o Jovem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%ADpatro_de_Tiro" title="Antípatro de Tiro">Antípatro de Tiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atenodoro_de_Tarso" title="Atenodoro de Tarso">Atenodoro de Tarso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D2E7F0">Novo<br />estoicismo</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9neca" title="Séneca">Séneca</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAcio_Aneu_Cornuto" title="Lúcio Aneu Cornuto">Cornuto</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Caio_Mus%C3%B4nio_Rufo" title="Caio Musônio Rufo">Musónio Rufo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eufrates_(fil%C3%B3sofo)" title="Eufrates (filósofo)">Eufrates</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Epiteto" title="Epiteto">Epiteto</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%A9rocles_(estoico)" title="Hiérocles (estoico)">Hiérocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexto_de_Queroneia" title="Sexto de Queroneia">Sexto de Queroneia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinto_Junio_R%C3%BAstico" title="Quinto Junio Rústico">Júnio Rústico</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marco_Aur%C3%A9lio" title="Marco Aurélio">Marco Aurélio</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filosofia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estoicismo" title="Estoicismo">Estoicismo</a></li> <li><a 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href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/95003823">95003823</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12393780z">12393780z</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2702302">2702302</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_de_autoridades_de_nomes_e_t%C3%ADtulos_da_Catalunha" title="Catálogo de autoridades de nomes e títulos da Catalunha">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Panaetius">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/220329">220329</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118591509">118591509</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_centrale_per_il_catalogo_unico_delle_biblioteche_italiane_e_per_le_informazioni_bibliografiche" title="Istituto centrale per il catalogo unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazioni bibliografiche">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/UBOV118252?core=autoriall">UBOV118252</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116787723">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86046623">n86046623</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07317954X">07317954X</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUKAT" class="extiw" title="pl:NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1207&url_prefix=http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/&id=n2012264098">n2012264098</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Universitário de Documentação">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033029318">033029318</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Treccani" title="Enciclopédia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/panezio-di-rodi">panezio-di-rodi</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL271915A?mode=all">OL271915A</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pontif%C3%ADcia_Universidade_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino" title="Pontifícia Universidade São Tomás de Aquino">Angelicum</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pust.urbe.it/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=36929">36929</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pontif%C3%ADcia_Universidade_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino" title="Pontifícia Universidade São Tomás de Aquino">Angelicum</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.pusc.it/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=117609">117609</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56557486" class="extiw" title="d:Q56557486">Catálogo SHARE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.share-cat.unina.it/sharecat/searchNames?n_cluster_id=557022">557022</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104866947" class="extiw" title="d:Q104866947">SEARCH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.search-libnet.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=14305">14305</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_svedese_di_studi_classici_a_Roma" class="extiw" title="it:Istituto svedese di studi classici a Roma">SIR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblio.isvroma.it/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=30577">30577</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100594815" class="extiw" title="d:Q100594815">URBS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koha-urbs.reteurbs.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=8090">8090</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Pontif%C3%ADcia_de_Salamanca" title="Universidade Pontifícia de Salamanca">UPSA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koha.upsa.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=128439">128439</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Phi_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/20px-Phi_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/30px-Phi_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/40px-Phi_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="867" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia/um(a) filósofo(a)</a> é um <a 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