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Lingua krio - Wikipedia

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aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Le_origini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_origini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Le origini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_origini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L&#039;uso_del_krio_in_Sierra_Leone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L&#039;uso_del_krio_in_Sierra_Leone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>L'uso del krio in Sierra Leone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L&#039;uso_del_krio_in_Sierra_Leone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L&#039;uso_del_krio_all&#039;estero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L&#039;uso_del_krio_all&#039;estero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>L'uso del krio all'estero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L&#039;uso_del_krio_all&#039;estero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_periodo_post-coloniale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_periodo_post-coloniale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Il periodo post-coloniale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_periodo_post-coloniale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammatica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabolario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabolario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vocabolario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabolario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_di_scrittura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_di_scrittura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sistema di scrittura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_di_scrittura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esempi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esempi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Esempi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esempi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lingua krio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 27 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio" title="Krio - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Krio" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_(jazyk)" title="Krio (jazyk) - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krio (jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_(Sprache)" title="Krio (Sprache) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krio (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_language" title="Krio language - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Krio language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_(lingvo)" title="Krio (lingvo) - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Krio (lingvo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_criollo_sierraleon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma criollo sierraleonés - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma criollo sierraleonés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_keel" title="Krio keel - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Krio keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="زبان کریو - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان کریو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio" title="Krio - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Krio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_(langue)" title="Krio (langue) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Krio (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_krio" title="Lingua krio - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua krio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Krio" title="Yaren Krio - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Krio" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Krio" title="Bahasa Krio - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Krio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="クリオ語 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリオ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Krio" title="Bahasa Krio - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Krio" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4" title="크리오 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Крио (кыв) - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Крио (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_kalba" title="Krio kalba - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krio kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_(taal)" title="Krio (taal) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krio (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_krio" title="Język krio - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język krio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_krio" title="Lenga krio - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga krio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_krio" title="Língua krio - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua krio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Крио - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio" title="Krio - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Krio" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikrio" title="Kikrio - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikrio" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE" title="Кріо - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кріо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کریو زبان - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریو زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35744#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book_magnify.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nessuna nota a piè di pagina"><img alt="Nessuna nota a piè di pagina" 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Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">citando le fonti</a> più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Lingue" class="mw-redirect" title="Progetto:Lingue">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i dati principali della lingua" style="width:300px"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:tan">Krio<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo">Krio</span></th></tr><tr><th>Parlato in</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sierra Leone (bandiera)"><img alt="Sierra Leone (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Regioni</th><td><a href="/wiki/Africa_occidentale" title="Africa occidentale">Africa occidentale</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:tan">Locutori</th></tr><tr><th>Totale</th><td>Madrelingua: 500.000 (1993)<br />Seconda lingua: 4 milioni (1987) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:tan">Altre informazioni</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Scrittura" title="Scrittura">Scrittura</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">Alfabeto latino</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:tan">Tassonomia</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Famiglia_linguistica" title="Famiglia linguistica">Filogenesi</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingue_creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingue creole">Lingue creole</a><br />&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingue_creole_inglesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingue creole inglesi (la pagina non esiste)">Lingue creole inglesi</a><br />&#160;&#160;<b>Krio</b> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:tan">Codici di classificazione</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td><code class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kri">kri</a></code> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td><code class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/krio1253">krio1253</a></code> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td><code>52-ABB-bb</code> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:tan">Estratto in lingua</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding-left:.5em; padding-right:.5em; font-size:90%;text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dichiarazione_universale_dei_diritti_umani" title="Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani">Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani</a>, art. 1</b><br />Ɔl mɔtalman bɔn fri ɛn ikwal pan rɛspɛkt ɛn rayt. Dɛn gɛt rizin ɛn kɔnshɛns ɛn dɛn fɔ du sɔntin to dɛnsɛf wit di spirit fɔ bi brɔda ɛn sista dɛn. </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lingua/man" title="Template:Lingua/man"><span title="Manuale del template Lingua">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>lingua krio</b> è una <a href="/wiki/Lingue_creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingue creole">lingua creola</a> basata sull'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a> parlata in <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribuzione_geografica">Distribuzione geografica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Distribuzione geografica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Distribuzione geografica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La lingua krio è diffusa presso l'omonimo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krio_(popolo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Krio (popolo) (la pagina non esiste)">popolo dei krio</a>, una comunità di circa 250.000 individui che discendono da schiavi liberati e insediatisi a <a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a>, la capitale della <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>. Il krio è inoltre utilizzato come <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> da altri 4 milioni di abitanti della Sierra Leone (appartenenti a diversi gruppi etnici) e da migliaia di krio che vivono in altri paesi dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa_occidentale" title="Africa occidentale">Africa occidentale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_origini">Le origini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Le origini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Le origini"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le premesse per lo sviluppo del krio si posero tra il <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII</a> e il <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII secolo</a>, quando un <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgin</a> inglese (noto come <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pidgin_inglese_dell%27Africa_occidentale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pidgin inglese dell&#39;Africa occidentale (la pagina non esiste)">pidgin inglese dell'Africa occidentale</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inglese_creolo_della_costa_guineana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inglese creolo della costa guineana (la pagina non esiste)">inglese creolo della costa guineana</a>) si sviluppò per facilitare gli scambi (fra cui, soprattutto, il commercio di schiavi) tra europei e africani. Questo primo pidgin divenne a sua volta la lingua franca della regione, utilizzata dagli stessi abitanti dell'Africa occidentale per comunicare tra loro (la diffusione si ebbe soprattutto lungo le vie di commercio fluviali). Tale pidgin venne successivamente influenzato dalle parlate dei diversi gruppi di schiavi affrancati che si stanziarono in Sierra Leone tra il <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a> e il <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a> circa. Si arrivò così allo sviluppo del krio, lingua nativa dei discendenti degli schiavi liberati: proprio per questa sua peculiare storia, il krio è stato definito "un misto di lingue miste". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'uso_del_krio_in_Sierra_Leone"><span id="L.27uso_del_krio_in_Sierra_Leone"></span>L'uso del krio in Sierra Leone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione L&#039;uso del krio in Sierra Leone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: L&#039;uso del krio in Sierra Leone"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gran parte della comunità krio vive nella capitale <a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a>. Essa rappresenta solo il 2% della popolazione della Sierra Leone. Tuttavia, grazie alla profonda influenza culturale esercitata sul paese da tale comunità (specie durante il periodo coloniale), il krio è diventato la lingua franca, utilizzata da tutte le tribù sierraleonesi per la comunicazione tra le diverse etnie: per tale motivo, molti membri delle tribù che abitano le regioni interne, tra cui i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Membe_(popolo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Membe (popolo) (la pagina non esiste)">membe</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temne_(popolo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Temne (popolo) (la pagina non esiste)">temne</a> e i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_(popolo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba (popolo) (la pagina non esiste)">limba</a>, sono cresciuti usando sia la loro lingua nativa che il krio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'uso_del_krio_all'estero"><span id="L.27uso_del_krio_all.27estero"></span>L'uso del krio all'estero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione L&#039;uso del krio all&#039;estero" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: L&#039;uso del krio all&#039;estero"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante il <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a>, molti krio operarono in qualità di mercanti o missionari in altre zone dell'Africa occidentale: come risultato, si hanno comunità parlanti krio anche in <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camerun" title="Camerun">Camerun</a> e <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Equatoriale" title="Guinea Equatoriale">Guinea Equatoriale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_periodo_post-coloniale">Il periodo post-coloniale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Il periodo post-coloniale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Il periodo post-coloniale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante il periodo coloniale, le autorità cercarono di dissuadere i sierraleonesi dal parlare il krio. Tuttavia, dopo l'indipendenza dal <a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">Regno Unito</a> (<a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>), scrittori ed educatori cominciarono a promuoverne l'utilizzo. Negli anni sessanta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Decker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Decker (la pagina non esiste)">Thomas Decker</a> compose diverse poesie e tradusse alcune opere di <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> in krio. Agli anni ottanta risale invece la traduzione del <a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Testamento" title="Nuovo Testamento">Nuovo Testamento</a>. </p><p>Pur essendo l'inglese la sola lingua ufficiale del paese, il Ministero dell'educazione, a partire dagli anni novanta, ha cominciato a favorire l'uso del krio quale mezzo di insegnamento in alcune scuole elementari di Freetown. Attualmente, molti programmi radio sono trasmessi in krio, mentre i politici usano sempre più spesso tale lingua nelle loro dichiarazioni pubbliche. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologia">Fonologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Fonologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Fonologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il sistema fonetico è fortemente influenzato dalle lingue africane, in particolare dalla <a href="/wiki/Lingua_yoruba" title="Lingua yoruba">lingua yoruba</a> della <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatica">Grammatica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Grammatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Grammatica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La grammatica e la struttura della frase sono fortemente influenzati dalle lingue africane, in particolare dalla <a href="/wiki/Lingua_yoruba" title="Lingua yoruba">lingua yoruba</a> della <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabolario">Vocabolario</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Vocabolario" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vocabolario"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il lessico del krio deriva principalmente dall'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a>. </p><p>Pur essendo molto simile al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pidgin_inglese_della_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pidgin inglese della Nigeria (la pagina non esiste)">pidgin inglese della Nigeria</a> e al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pidgin_inglese_del_Camerun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pidgin inglese del Camerun (la pagina non esiste)">pidgin inglese del Camerun</a>, il krio possiede alcune caratteristiche distintive. Vi sono, tra l'altro, alcune somiglianze con le lingue creole, basate sull'inglese, utilizzate nelle Americhe (fra cui, soprattutto, il <a href="/wiki/Creolo_giamaicano" class="mw-redirect" title="Creolo giamaicano">creolo giamaicano</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_gullah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua gullah (la pagina non esiste)">lingua gullah</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistema_di_scrittura">Sistema di scrittura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Sistema di scrittura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Sistema di scrittura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per la scrittura viene utilizzato l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esempi">Esempi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Esempi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Esempi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Kushe.</i> - "Ciao." (derivato dal saluto yoruba <i>È kú işé</i>, che significherebbe "auguri per il tuo lavoro").</dd> <dd><i>Kushe-o.</i> - "Ciao."</dd> <dd><i>Weytin na yu neym?</i> - "Come ti chiami?"</dd> <dd><i>A neym Jeymz.</i> - "Il mio nome è James."</dd> <dd><i>Usai yu kohmoht?</i> - "Da dove vieni?"</dd> <dd><i>A kohmoht Eystinz.</i> - "Vengo da Hastings."</dd> <dd><i>Us wok yu dey du?</i> - "Che lavoro fai?"</dd> <dd><i>Mi na ticha.</i> - "Faccio l'insegnante."</dd> <dd><i>Na us skul yu dey tich?</i> - "Presso quale scuola insegni?"</dd> <dd><i>A dey tich na Prins ohv Weylz.</i> - "Insegno alla Prince of Wales."</dd> <dd><i>A gladi foh mit yu.</i> - "Sono lieto di incontrarti."</dd> <dd><i>Misef gladi foh mit yu.</i> - "Anch'io sono felice di incontrarti."</dd> <dd><i>OK, wi go si bak.</i> - "Va bene, ci vediamo."</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Krio language"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Krio_language?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="lingua krio"><a class="external text" href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/kri?uselang=it">Incubator</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Krio_language?uselang=it">lingua krio</a></span></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Main_Page/it?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Incubator"><img alt="Collabora a Incubator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/18px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/27px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/36px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Main_Page/it?uselang=it">Incubator</a></span> contiene un test su <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> in <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/kri?uselang=it">lingua krio</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_krio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krio.db.umu.se/">Krio Research Centre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060224003508/http://www.krio.db.umu.se/">Archiviato</a> il 24 febbraio 2006 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. presso l'Università di <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svezia" title="Svezia">Svezia</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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