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<span>Toggle Early years and missionary work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_years_and_missionary_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birthplace_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birthplace_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Birthplace dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birthplace_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_and_arrival_in_Guam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_and_arrival_in_Guam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Training and arrival in Guam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_and_arrival_in_Guam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beatification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feast_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Feast day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birthplace_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birthplace_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Birthplace issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birthplace_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iconography-sublist" 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href="#Places_and_things_named_after_Calungsod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Places and things named after Calungsod</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Places_and_things_named_after_Calungsod-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Places and things named after Calungsod subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Places_and_things_named_after_Calungsod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_and_theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Films and theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Educational institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Calungsod" title="Pierre Calungsod – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petar_Calungsod" title="Petar Calungsod – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Petar Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Calungsod" title="Pietro Calungsod – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pietro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Calungsod" title="Petro Calungsod – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Petro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Calungsod" title="Petrus Calungsod – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="പെദ്രോ കാലുങ്സോഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെദ്രോ കാലുങ്സോഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="بيدرو كالونجسود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيدرو كالونجسود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Calungsod" title="Piotr Calungsod – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piotr Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Калунгсод, Педро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калунгсод, Педро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="பேத்ரோ கலூங்சோத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேத்ரோ கலூங்சோத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pedro Calungsod" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q467246#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Second Filipino saint and Martyr</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Pedro Calungsod</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Calungsod_stained_glass_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pedro_Calungsod_stained_glass_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Pedro_Calungsod_stained_glass_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pedro_Calungsod_stained_glass_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Pedro_Calungsod_stained_glass_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pedro_Calungsod_stained_glass_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Pedro_Calungsod_stained_glass_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1397" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Calungsod on a stained-glass window in <a href="/wiki/Cubao_Cathedral" title="Cubao Cathedral">Cubao Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><b><a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">Martyr</a></b></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">July 21, 1654<sup id="cite_ref-sunstar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunstar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Ginatilan" title="Ginatilan">Ginatilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 2, 1672<span style="display:none">(1672-04-02)</span> (aged 17)<sup id="cite_ref-Carlomagno_Bacaltos_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlomagno_Bacaltos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Tumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumon">Tumon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">March 5, 2000, <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, Vatican City by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">October 21, 2012, <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, Vatican City by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pedrocalungsod.org/index.php/shrine-in-cebu">Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod</a>, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 D. Jakosalem St., Cebu City 6000 PH</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">October 21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martyr%27s_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyr's palm">Martyr's palm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolo_knife" title="Bolo knife">Bolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Christiana" title="Doctrina Christiana">Doctrina Christiana book</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christogram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" 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class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution" title="Diocletianic Persecution">Diocletianic Persecution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Neo-Persian Empire</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Jerusalem" title="Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem">Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Latins" title="Massacre of the Latins">Massacre of the Latins</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Muslim conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Islamic_places_of_worship_into_mosques" title="Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques">Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian genocide">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh massacres</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Christianity in Saudi Arabia">Christianity in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sudan" title="Christianity in Sudan">Christianity in Sudan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero demonstrations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_in_the_Rue_Haxo" title="Massacre in the Rue Haxo">Massacre in the Rue Haxo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristero War</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iniquis_afflictisque" title="Iniquis afflictisque">Iniquis afflictisque</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acerba_animi" title="Acerba animi">Acerba animi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%A1nchez_del_R%C3%ADo" title="José Sánchez del Río">José Sánchez del Río</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_in_Mexico" title="Anti-clericalism in Mexico">Anti-clericalism in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Pro" title="Miguel Pro">Miguel Pro</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Terror_(Spain)" title="Red Terror (Spain)">Red Terror</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dilectissima_Nobis" title="Dilectissima Nobis">Dilectissima Nobis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Turon" title="Martyrs of Turon">Martyrs of Turon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Daimiel" title="Martyrs of Daimiel">Martyrs of Daimiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Blanco" title="Bartolomé Blanco">Bartolomé Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocencio_of_Mary_Immaculate" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocencio of Mary Immaculate">Innocencio of Mary Immaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_of_Manila" title="José María of Manila">José María of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/233_Spanish_Martyrs" title="233 Spanish Martyrs">233 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/498_Spanish_Martyrs" title="498 Spanish Martyrs">498 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/522_Spanish_Martyrs" title="522 Spanish Martyrs">522 Spanish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_convents_in_Spain_(1931)" title="Burning of convents in Spain (1931)">Burning of convents in Spain (1931)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_persecution_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Germany" title="Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany">Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Grimm" title="Alois Grimm">Alois Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Mayer" title="Rupert Mayer">Rupert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Lichtenberg" title="Bernhard Lichtenberg">Bernhard Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Josef_Metzger" title="Max Josef Metzger">Max Josef Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Leisner" title="Karl Leisner">Karl Leisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Klausener" title="Erich Klausener">Erich Klausener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulturkampf" title="Kulturkampf">Kulturkampf</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyr Saints of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Chapdelaine" title="Auguste Chapdelaine">Auguste Chapdelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_China" title="Pope Pius XII and China">Persecution of Christians in China</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_Sinarum_gentem" title="Ad Sinarum gentem">Ad Sinarum gentem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupimus_Imprimis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupimus Imprimis">Cupimus Imprimis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_Apostolorum_principis" title="Ad Apostolorum principis">Ad Apostolorum principis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Kung_Pin-Mei" title="Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei">Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beda_Chang" title="Beda Chang">Beda Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tang" title="Dominic Tang">Dominic Tang</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_Ph%C3%BA_Y%C3%AAn" title="Andrew of Phú Yên">Andrew of Phú Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thu%E1%BA%ADn" title="Nguyễn Văn Thuận">Nguyễn Văn Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_B%E1%BB%ADu_Di%E1%BB%87p" title="Trương Bửu Diệp">Trương Bửu Diệp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_T%C3%A2n_V%C4%83n" title="Marcel Nguyễn Tân Văn">Marcel Nguyễn Tân Văn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_persecution_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Poland" title="Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland">Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksymilian_Kolbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Maksymilian Kolbe">Maksymilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_anti-religious_campaign" title="Polish anti-religious campaign">Polish anti-religious campaign 1945–1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Wyszy%C5%84ski" title="Stefan Wyszyński">Stefan Wyszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108_Martyrs_of_World_War_II" title="108 Martyrs of World War II">108 Blessed Polish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_Poland" title="Pope Pius XII and Poland">Policies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Poloniae_annalibus" title="In Poloniae annalibus">In Poloniae annalibus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gloriosam_Reginam" title="Gloriosam Reginam">Gloriosam Reginam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invicti_athletae" title="Invicti athletae">Invicti athletae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Popie%C5%82uszko" title="Jerzy Popiełuszko">Jerzy Popiełuszko</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty" title="József Mindszenty">József Mindszenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Bossilkov" title="Eugene Bossilkov">Eugene Bossilkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severian_Baranyk" title="Severian Baranyk">Severian Baranyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Beran" title="Josef Beran">Josef Beran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drina_Martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Drina Martyrs">Drina Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zynoviy_Kovalyk" title="Zynoviy Kovalyk">Zynoviy Kovalyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meminisse_iuvat" title="Meminisse iuvat">Meminisse iuvat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anni_sacri" title="Anni sacri">Anni sacri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ra_Salkah%C3%A1zi" title="Sára Salkaházi">Sára Salkaházi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Ciszek" title="Walter Ciszek">Walter Ciszek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Leoni" title="Pietro Leoni">Pietro Leoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Romzha" title="Theodore Romzha">Theodore Romzha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_Christians_in_India" title="Violence against Christians in India">Violence against Christians in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_attacks_on_Christians_in_southern_Karnataka" title="2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka">2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_murders_of_U.S._missionaries_in_El_Salvador" title="1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador">Four U.S. missionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ellacur%C3%ADa" title="Ignacio Ellacuría">Ignacio Ellacuría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutilio_Grande" title="Rutilio Grande">Rutilio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mart%C3%ADn-Bar%C3%B3" title="Ignacio Martín-Baró">Ignacio Martín-Baró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segundo_Montes" title="Segundo Montes">Segundo Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_murders_of_Jesuits_in_El_Salvador" title="1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador">1989 murders of Jesuits</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Rother" title="Stanley Rother">Stanley Rother</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom">Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_martyrs_of_the_English_Reformation" title="List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation">List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Catholic Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_law_(British)" title="Penal law (British)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Catholicism in the United States">United States</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Coyle" title="James Coyle">James Coyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Menace_(newspaper)" title="The Menace (newspaper)"><i>The Menace</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Compulsory_Education_Act" title="Oregon Compulsory Education Act">Oregon Compulsory Education Act</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierce_v._Society_of_Sisters" title="Pierce v. Society of Sisters">Pierce v. Society of Sisters</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_nativist_riots" title="Philadelphia nativist riots">Philadelphia nativist riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursuline_Convent_riots" title="Ursuline Convent riots">Ursuline Convent riots</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Santoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Santoro">Murder of Andrea Santoro</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_Korea" title="Catholic Church in North Korea">Catholic Church in North Korea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_Norway" title="Anti-Catholicism in Norway">Anti-Catholicism in Norway</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_church_burnings" title="2021 Canadian church burnings">2021 Canadian church burnings</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Pratulin" title="Martyrs of Pratulin">Martyrs of Pratulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Chelm_Eparchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Conversion of Chelm 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Persecutions of the Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Persecutions of the Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Persecutions of the Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pedro Calungsod</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Pedro Calúñgsod</i> or archaically <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Pedro Calonsor</i></span>; July 21, 1654<sup id="cite_ref-sunstar_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunstar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pca_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – April 2, 1672), also known as <b>Peter Calungsod</b> and <b>Pedro Calonsor</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a>-<a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayan</a> migrant, <a href="/wiki/Sacristan" title="Sacristan">sacristan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">catechist</a> who, along with the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuit</a> missionary <a href="/wiki/Diego_Luis_de_San_Vitores" title="Diego Luis de San Vitores">Diego Luis de San Vitores</a>, suffered <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious persecution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrdom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> for their missionary work in 1672.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ilongo.weebly.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilongo.weebly.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in Guam, Calungsod preached Christianity to the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorros</a> through <a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">catechesis</a>, while baptizing infants, children, and adults at the risk and expense of being persecuted and eventually murdered. Through Calungsod and San Vitores's missionary efforts, many native Chamorros <a href="/wiki/Baptism#Catholicism" title="Baptism">converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guam" title="Catholic Church in Guam">Catholicism</a>. </p><p>Calungsod was <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatified</a> on March 5, 2000, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, and canonized by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a> in Vatican City on October 21, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years_and_missionary_work">Early years and missionary work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years and missionary work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coello_-_Mariana_of_Austria_as_a_Widow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coello_-_Mariana_of_Austria_as_a_Widow.jpg/220px-Coello_-_Mariana_of_Austria_as_a_Widow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coello_-_Mariana_of_Austria_as_a_Widow.jpg/330px-Coello_-_Mariana_of_Austria_as_a_Widow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coello_-_Mariana_of_Austria_as_a_Widow.jpg/440px-Coello_-_Mariana_of_Austria_as_a_Widow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Mariana_of_Austria" title="Mariana of Austria">Mariana of Austria</a>, Regent of Spain, the <a href="/wiki/Benefactress" class="mw-redirect" title="Benefactress">benefactress</a> of the mission to the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Ladrones Islands</a> later named in her honor.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birthplace_dispute">Birthplace dispute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birthplace dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Few details of the early life of Calungsod (spelled <i>Calonsor</i> in Spanish records) are known. Historical records do not mention his exact birthplace or birth date and merely identified him as "<i>Pedro Calonsor, <a href="/wiki/Visayan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan people">el Visayo</a></i>". Historical research identifies <a href="/wiki/Ginatilan" title="Ginatilan">Ginatilan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinunangan" title="Hinunangan">Hinunangan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinundayan" title="Hinundayan">Hinundayan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baybay" title="Baybay">Baybay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leyte_(province)" title="Leyte (province)">Leyte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sunstar_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunstar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Molo,_Iloilo_City" title="Molo, Iloilo City">Molo</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a><sup id="cite_ref-ilongo.weebly.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilongo.weebly.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as possible places of origin; <a href="/wiki/Loboc" title="Loboc">Loboc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> also makes a claim.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these claims, the one from Ginatilan, Cebu, is considered the strongest. Nonetheless, all four locations were within the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cebu" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu">Diocese of Cebu</a> at the time of Calungsod's martyrdom. </p><p>Proponents of an <a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_people" title="Hiligaynon people">Ilonggo</a> origin argue that in the early Spanish period, the term "<i>Visayan</i>" exclusively referred to people from the island of <a href="/wiki/Panay_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Panay Island">Panay</a> and the nearby islands of <a href="/wiki/Negros" title="Negros">Negros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a>. In contrast, people from Cebu, Bohol, and <a href="/wiki/Leyte_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Leyte Island">Leyte</a> were called "<i>Pintados</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, had he been born in Cebu, he would have been referred to as "<i>Calonsor El Pintado</i>" instead of "<i>Calonsor El Visayo</i>"; the term "Visayan" receiving its present scope (i.e., including inhabitants of Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte) sometime the 1700s. However, American historian and scholar <a href="/wiki/John_N._Schumacher" title="John N. Schumacher">John N. Schumacher</a> disputes the <i>Bisaya</i>/<i>Pintados</i> dichotomy claim as at that time the Pintados were also referred to as Visayans regardless of location and said Calungsod "was a Visayan" and may have been but doubtfully "from the island of Cebu" or "could have come any other Visayas islands".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cebu camp reasoned that Ginatilan contains a high density of people surnamed Calungsod and that during the beatification process, they were the initial claimants to having been Calungsod's birthplace. The Calungsods of Iloilo also claim to be the oldest branch, based on baptismal records containing the surname "Calungsod" dating to circa 1748, compared to branches in Cebu and Leyte, which possess baptismal records dating only to 1828 and 1903, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_and_arrival_in_Guam">Training and arrival in Guam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Training and arrival in Guam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Cebu, Calungsod received primary education at a Jesuit boarding school, mastering the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Catechism</a> and learning to communicate in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">Spanish</a>. He also likely honed his drawing, painting, singing, acting, and carpentry skills, as these were necessary for missionary work. </p><p>In 1668, Calungsod, then around 14, was amongst the young catechists chosen to accompany Spanish Jesuit missionaries to the <i>Islas de Los Ladrones</i> ("Isles of Thieves"), which had been renamed the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a> the year before to honor both the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> and the mission's benefactress, María Ana of Austria, Queen Regent of Spain. Calungsod accompanied the priest Diego San Vitores to <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechize</a> the native <a href="/wiki/Chamorros" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamorros">Chamorros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Missionary life on the island was difficult as provisions did not arrive regularly, the jungles and terrain were difficult to traverse, and the Marianas were frequently devastated by typhoons. The mission nevertheless persevered, and a significant number of locals were baptized.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beatification">Beatification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beatification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A month after the martyrdom of San Vitores and Calungsod, a process for beatification was initiated but only for San Vitores. Political and religious turmoil, however, delayed and halted the process for centuries. In 1981, as <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagåtña">Hagåtña</a> was preparing for its 20th anniversary as a <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Agana" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Agana">diocese</a>, the 1673 beatification cause of San Vitores was rediscovered in old manuscripts and revived until he was finally beatified on October 6, 1985. This also gave recognition to Calungsod, paving the way for his beatification.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vidal" title="Ricardo Vidal">Ricardo Vidal</a>, then-<a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Cebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Cebu">Archbishop of Cebu</a>, asked permission from the Vatican to initiate Calungsod's beatification and canonization cause. In March 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a> approved the <i>acta</i> of the diocesan beatification process. That same year, Vidal appointed Ildebrando Leyson as vice-postulator for the cause, tasked with compiling a <i>Positio Super Martyrio</i> ("position regarding the martyrdom") to be scrutinized by the Congregation. The <i>positio</i>, which relied heavily on San Vitores's beatification documentation, was completed in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wanting to include young Asian laypersons in his first beatification for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Jubilee" title="Great Jubilee">Great Jubilee</a> in 2000, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> paid particular attention to the cause of Calungsod. In January 2000, he approved the decree <i>super martyrio</i> ("concerning the martyrdom") of Calungsod, scheduling his beatification for March 5 of that year at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Square">Saint Peter's Square</a> in Rome. </p><p>Regarding Calungsod's charitable works and virtuous deeds, John Paul II declared:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...From his childhood, Pedro Calungsod declared himself unwaveringly for Christ and responded generously to his call. Young people today can draw encouragement and strength from the example of Pedro, whose love of Jesus inspired him to devote his teenage years to teaching the faith as a lay catechist. Leaving family and friends behind, Pedro willingly accepted the challenge put to him by Fr. Diego de San Vitores to join him on the Mission to the Chamorros. <b>In a spirit of faith, marked by strong Eucharistic and Marian devotion</b>, Pedro undertook the demanding work asked of him and bravely faced the many obstacles and difficulties he met. In the face of imminent danger, Pedro would not forsake Fr. Diego, but as a "good soldier of Christ", preferred to die at the missionary's side.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sainthood">Sainthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sainthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 19, 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> officially approved the <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracle</a> qualifying Calungsod for <a href="/wiki/Sainthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainthood">sainthood</a> by the Roman Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recognized miracle dates from March 26, 2003, when a woman from <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a>, pronounced <a href="/wiki/Clinical_death" title="Clinical death">clinically dead</a> two hours after a heart attack, was revived when an attending physician invoked Calungsod's intercession.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Amato" title="Angelo Amato">Angelo Amato</a> presided over the declaration ceremony on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a>. He later revealed that Pope Benedict XVI had approved and signed the official promulgation decrees recognizing the miracles as authentic and worthy of belief. The College of Cardinals was then sent a dossier on the new saints, and they were asked to indicate their approval. On February 18, 2012, after the Consistory for the Creation of Cardinals, Amato formally petitioned the pope to announce the new saints' canonization.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 21, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI canonized Calungsod in Saint Peter's Square.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pope wore papal vestments used only on special occasions. Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Jamin_Vidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo Jamin Vidal">Ricardo Jamin Vidal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Emeritus#Other_uses" title="Emeritus">Archbishop Emeritus</a> of Cebu, concelebrated at the canonization Mass. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:86San_Pedro_Calungsod_Parish_Church_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/86San_Pedro_Calungsod_Parish_Church_17.jpg/175px-86San_Pedro_Calungsod_Parish_Church_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/86San_Pedro_Calungsod_Parish_Church_17.jpg/263px-86San_Pedro_Calungsod_Parish_Church_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/86San_Pedro_Calungsod_Parish_Church_17.jpg/350px-86San_Pedro_Calungsod_Parish_Church_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption> San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Sanctuary of St. Padre Pio, Antipolo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relics">Relics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At his canonization Mass, Calungsod was the only saint without a <a href="/wiki/First_class_Catholic_relic" class="mw-redirect" title="First class Catholic relic">first class relic</a> exposed for veneration, as his body had been thrown into the sea and lost. The <a href="/wiki/Cutlass" title="Cutlass">cutlass</a> used to hack Calungsod's head and neck was retrieved from Guam by Vidal and is now venerated as a <a href="/wiki/Relic#Second-Class_Relics" title="Relic">second-class relic</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a>, Benedict XVI said that Calungsod received the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrament of Penance (Catholic Church)">Sacrament of Absolution</a> from San Vitores before his death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feast_day">Feast day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Feast day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila</a>, Calungsod is the second Filipino to be declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a> celebrates Calungsod's feast along with Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores every April 2, their <i><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">dies natalis</a></i> (heavenly birthdate);<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when April 2 falls within <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave of Easter</a>, his feast is transferred to the Saturday of the <a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Fifth Week of Lent</a>, the day after the <a href="/wiki/Friday_of_Sorrows" title="Friday of Sorrows">Friday of Sorrows</a> and before <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>. </p><p>Saturday has been designated as the weekly day for devotions and <a href="/wiki/Novenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Novenas">novenas</a> in his honor, as he was killed on a first Saturday.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, during the National Meeting of the Diocesan Directors of Liturgy, it was announced that, in the Philippine General Roman Calendar, the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene" title="Feast of the Black Nazarene">Traslacion of the Black Nazarene</a> will be observed every January 9 with the rank of a feast, the memorial of <a href="/wiki/16_Martyrs_of_Japan" title="16 Martyrs of Japan">Lorenzo Ruíz and companions</a> will be now be observed on its usual date, September 28, with a rank of a feast, and the memorial of Pedro Calungsod will now be observed with the rank of a feast on October 21 instead of April 2.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birthplace_issue">Birthplace issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Birthplace issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various areas in the <a href="/wiki/Visayan_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan islands">Visayan islands</a> claim that Pedro Calungsod was born and raised there. Extensive research provided by the census research of <a href="/wiki/Ginatilan,_Cebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginatilan, Cebu">Ginatilan, Cebu</a> provided a longstanding record of <i>Calonsor</i> and <i>Calungsod</i> natives from their area, from which a strong claim had the most Calungsod natives originating since Filipino-Spanish era since the late 1700s<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. According to the Parish Pastoral Council William Pancho of Ginatilan, Cebu, there is a strong claim that in the mid-1600s, there were three Calungsod brothers:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Valerio Calungsod, who migrated to Iloilo<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated to Bohol<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, Cebu, and was the father of Pedro Calungsod.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>In a public televised interview with <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN</a> chief correspondent and newscaster <a href="/wiki/Korina_Sanchez" title="Korina Sanchez">Korina Sanchez</a>, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vidal" title="Ricardo Vidal">Ricardo Jamin Vidal</a> expressed his dismay that when the original beatification process of Pedro Calungsod began in the 1980s, no city except for Ginatilan, Cebu, was willing to come forward and claim credit for being Pedro's birthplace.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not surprisingly, however, when Pedro's canonization became official, Catholic bishops from the nearby provinces of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, <a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Samar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> provinces suddenly came out of the woodwork, all laying claim to be the "official birthplace" of the newly minted saint. </p><p>As a result, Vidal ruled that he will not establish a definitive judgment on his birthplace since Spanish records only indicate the words "<i>Pedro Calonsor, El Visayo</i>" as his native description. Furthermore, he stated that all Visayan provinces were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Cebu during the Filipino-Spanish era.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doctrina-cristiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Doctrina-cristiana.jpg/220px-Doctrina-cristiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Doctrina-cristiana.jpg/330px-Doctrina-cristiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Doctrina-cristiana.jpg/440px-Doctrina-cristiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Calungsod is often portrayed holding a <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a> book, notably the "Doctrina Christiana". Only known surviving copy by Fray Juan de Plasencia. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, Washington, D.C. Circa 1590s.</figcaption></figure> <p>It is not known what Calungsod looked like, as no contemporary depictions survive. The writer Alcina, who was a contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, described the male Visayan <i><a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">indios</a></i> of his time as usually more corpulent, better built, and somewhat taller than the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalogs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>; that their skin was light brown; that their faces were usually round and of fine proportions; that their noses were flat; that their eyes and hair were black; that they – especially the youth – wore their hair a little bit longer; and that they already started to wear <i>camisas</i> (shirts) and <i>calzones</i> (knee-breeches). Pedro Chirino, S.J., who also worked in the Visayas in the 1590s, similarly described the Visayans as well-built, of pleasing countenance and light-skinned.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calungsod is often depicted as a teenaged young man wearing a <i>camisa de chino</i> that is sometimes bloodied and usually dark, loose trousers. His most famous attributes are the <a href="/wiki/Martyr%27s_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyr's palm">martyr's palm</a> pressed to his chest and the <i><a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Christiana" title="Doctrina Christiana">Doctrina Christiana</a></i>. He is depicted in mid-stride, occasionally also bearing a <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> or crucifix to indicate his missionary status. In some early statues, Calungsod is shown with a spear and <i>catana</i> (cutlass), the instruments of his death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_art">In art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:356px;max-width:356px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stampsheet_of_the_Philippines_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cropped image of Calungsod extracted from a postage stamp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stampsheet_of_the_Philippines_%28cropped%29.jpg/123px-Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stampsheet_of_the_Philippines_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stampsheet_of_the_Philippines_%28cropped%29.jpg/185px-Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stampsheet_of_the_Philippines_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stampsheet_of_the_Philippines_%28cropped%29.jpg/246px-Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stampsheet_of_the_Philippines_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="537" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stamp_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Calungsod on a 2012 ₱5-postage stamp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stamp_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stamp_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stamp_%28cropped%29.jpg/338px-Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stamp_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stamp_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Pedro_Calungsod_2012_stamp_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The saint as he appears on a 2012 Philippine postage stamp</div></div></div></div> <p>The first portrayals stated to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made by <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Castrillo" title="Eduardo Castrillo">Eduardo Castrillo</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1994 for the Heritage of Cebu Monument in Parian. A bronze statue representing Calungsod was made and forms part of the monument. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria and Vicente Gulane of Cebu and Justino Cagayat, Jr., of <a href="/wiki/Paete,_Laguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Paete, Laguna">Paete, Laguna</a>, created statues representing Calungsod in 1997 and 1999, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chapel_of_San_Pedro_Calungsod_-_SM_Aura_PremierJf_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Chapel_of_San_Pedro_Calungsod_-_SM_Aura_PremierJf_02.jpg/150px-The_Chapel_of_San_Pedro_Calungsod_-_SM_Aura_PremierJf_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Chapel_of_San_Pedro_Calungsod_-_SM_Aura_PremierJf_02.jpg/225px-The_Chapel_of_San_Pedro_Calungsod_-_SM_Aura_PremierJf_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Chapel_of_San_Pedro_Calungsod_-_SM_Aura_PremierJf_02.jpg/300px-The_Chapel_of_San_Pedro_Calungsod_-_SM_Aura_PremierJf_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Calungsod in <a href="/wiki/SM_Aura" title="SM Aura">SM Aura</a> chapel</figcaption></figure> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Manila">Archdiocese of Manila</a> in 1998 published the pamphlet <i>Pedro Calungsod: Young Visayan "Proto-Martyr"</i> by theologian Catalino Arevalo, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a>, the 17-year-old <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Tubid" title="Ronald Tubid">Ronald Tubid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oton,_Iloilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oton, Iloilo">Oton, Iloilo</a>, then a student-athlete at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_East" title="University of the East">University of the East</a>, was chosen to model for a portrait representing Calungsod.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became the basis for Rafael del Casal's painting in 1999, Is which was chosen as the official portrait for Calungsod. The Del Casal image is the first to feature a <a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christogram</a>, the seal of the Society of Jesus, with which Calungsod was affiliated. The original painting is now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City. </p><p>Several statues representing Calungsod were also commissioned for the beatification, with one brought to Rome and blessed by John Paul II. This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Nazarene" title="Black Nazarene">Black Nazarene</a> of the Society of the Angel of Peace in Cansojong, <a href="/wiki/Talisay,_Cebu" title="Talisay, Cebu">Talisay, Cebu</a>. Another image was enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City. Both images depict Calungsod wearing a white <i>camisa</i> (shirt) and trousers, with the martyr's palm, a rosary, and a crucifix pressed to his breast. During the <a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">novena</a> before his feast day, a replica of the <i>catana</i> used to kill him is set into the arm of the statue. </p><p>For the canonization celebrations, the chosen sculpture by Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod in mid-stride and carrying the <i>Doctrina Christiana</i> and the martyr's palm pressed to his chest. This image was brought to Rome for the canonization festivities. Upon its return to the Philippines, the image toured the country. When not on a pilgrimage tour, the image is enshrined at the Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in the archbishop's residence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film">In film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod:_Batang_Martir" title="Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir">Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir</a></i> is a Filipino film with <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Nacino" title="Rocco Nacino">Rocco Nacino</a> in the title role released on December 25, 2013, as an official entry to the <a href="/wiki/2013_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2013 Metro Manila Film Festival">2013 Metro Manila Film Festival</a>. It was written and directed by Francis O. Villacorta and produced by HPI Synergy Group and Wings Entertainment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_and_things_named_after_Calungsod">Places and things named after Calungsod</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Places and things named after Calungsod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 D. Jakosalem St., <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></li> <li>Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod – <a href="/wiki/SM_Aura_Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="SM Aura Premier">SM Aura Premier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></li> <li>Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis ng Lucena – Brgy. Pury, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Quezon" title="San Antonio, Quezon">San Antonio, Quezon</a></li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></li> <li>Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod, <a href="/wiki/SM_Seaside" class="mw-redirect" title="SM Seaside">SM Seaside</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Road_Properties" title="South Road Properties">South Road Properties</a>, Cebu City</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Sanctuary of St. Padre Pio, Antipolo</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, <a href="/wiki/Minalin" title="Minalin">Minalin</a>, Pampanga</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Diocese of Surigao, Sta. Cruz, <a href="/wiki/Placer,_Surigao_del_Norte" title="Placer, Surigao del Norte">Placer, Surigao del Norte</a></li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Cantabaco, Toledo City, <a href="/wiki/Toledo_City,_Cebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo City, Cebu">Toledo City, Cebu</a></li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Pulangbato, <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_and_theater">Films and theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Films and theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2013: <i>Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir</i></li> <li>2014: "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical Stage Play"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Canonization Of Blessed Pedro Calungsod TV Special Coverage (PTV 4, 2012)</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Documentary TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, 2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_institutions">Educational institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu</li> <li>St. Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Blessed Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Mission School – Maribojoc, Bohol</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Montessori & Science School – San Pedro, Laguna</li> <li>San Pedro Calungsod Technical Vocational School, Inc. – Zamboanga</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Saints,_Blesseds,_and_Servants_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Filipino Saints, Blesseds, and Servants of God">List of Filipino Saints, Blesseds, and Servants of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Guam">Roman Catholicism in Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-Chamorro_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-Chamorro Wars">Spanish-Chamorro Wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sunstar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sunstar_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunstar_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunstar_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite 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(December 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunstar.com.ph/tacloban/feature/historian-unravels-real-birthplace-of-san-pedro-calungsod">"Historian unravels real birthplace of San Pedro Calungsod"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SunStar" title="SunStar">SunStar</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pedrocalungsod.org/index.php/life/77">the original</a> on October 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Catechetical+Primer+on+the+Life%2C+Martyrdom+and+Glorification+of+Blessed+Pedro+Calungsod+%E2%80%93+Part+2&rft.au=Carlomagno+Bacaltos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpedrocalungsod.org%2Findex.php%2Flife%2F77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calungsod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilongo.weebly.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ilongo.weebly.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilongo.weebly.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009181315/http://ilongo.weebly.com/saint-pedro-calungsod.html">"Saint Pedro Calungsod"</a>. <i>Research Center for Iloilo</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilongo.weebly.com/saint-pedro-calungsod.html">the original</a> on October 9, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+Center+for+Iloilo&rft.atitle=Saint+Pedro+Calungsod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filongo.weebly.com%2Fsaint-pedro-calungsod.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calungsod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EWTN Televised Broadcast: Public Consistory for the Creation of New Cardinals. Rome, February 18, 2012. Saint Peter's Basilica. Closing remarks before recession preceded by Cardinal Agostino Vallini.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031103302/http://specials.sunstar.com.ph/pedrocalungsod/about-pedro-calungsod/">"About Pedro Calungsod – Pedro Calungsod"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://specials.sunstar.com.ph/pedrocalungsod/about-pedro-calungsod/">the original</a> on October 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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He could have come any other Visayas islands.</i>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://journals.ateneo.edu/ojs/landas/article/view/882/912">http://journals.ateneo.edu/ojs/landas/article/view/882/912</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031100203/http://www.thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/19090-scholarly-evidence-point-to-calungsods-ilonggo-roots">"Scholarly evidence point to Calungsod's Ilonggo roots"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailyguardian.net/index.php/local-news/19090-scholarly-evidence-point-to-calungsods-ilonggo-roots">the original</a> on October 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on 2016-06-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=779404">"PhilPost CV and EV regional offices merged"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="The Philippine STAR">The Philippine STAR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on June 25, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/cult-martyrum/martiri/009.html">2 Aprile, BB. Diego Luigi de San Vitores e Pietro Calungsod</a>. Vatican.va. Retrieved on June 25, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aganapcg.dfa.gov.ph/embassy-news/414-concelebrated-mass-in-celebration-of-the-canonization-of-blessed-pedro-calungsod">"CONCELEBRATED MASS IN CELEBRATION OF THE CANONIZATION OF BLESSED PEDRO CALUNGSOD"</a>. <i>aganapcg.dfa.gov.ph</i>. October 23, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aganapcg.dfa.gov.ph&rft.atitle=CONCELEBRATED+MASS+IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+CANONIZATION+OF+BLESSED+PEDRO+CALUNGSOD&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faganapcg.dfa.gov.ph%2Fembassy-news%2F414-concelebrated-mass-in-celebration-of-the-canonization-of-blessed-pedro-calungsod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calungsod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/100064327472286/posts/pfbid032NADCV2P5SRu3HfjMq3r41QFpAPk64cTjXafNAinBiUpgSNTrrVLiYa1jSDNB47Tl/?mibextid=UyTHkb">"Feast of Saint Pedro Calungsod move in the Philippine General Roman Calendar"</a>. <i>www.facebook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Bandila%3A+%27Pedro+Calungsod+was+a+martyr%27&rft.date=2012-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUXaDfOyn2s0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calungsod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXaDfOyn2s0">"Bandila: 'Pedro Calungsod was a martyr'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pedro+Calungsod&rft.atitle=A+Very+Common+Name&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pedrocalungsod.net%2Fa-very-common-name.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calungsod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eduardocastrillo.com/drawings">"Home – EC Art Management"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eine+Nasenoperation+in+Muenchen+kann+Ihnen+Linderung+verschaffen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cathnewsphil.com%2F2012%2F02%2F24%2Fbasketball-player-is-filipino-saints-face%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calungsod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arevalo, Catalino. <i>Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr</i>, Archdiocese of Manila Youth Ministry 1998, New edition from the Daughters of St. Paul, Manila 2000</li> <li>Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus. <i>Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenage Filipino</i>, Cebu City, Claretian Publications 1999.</li> <li>Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus A. <i>Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects of a Teenage Filipino</i>. Second Edition. Cebu: Basic Graphics, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-501-834-3" title="Special:BookSources/971-501-834-3">971-501-834-3</a></li> <li>Putzu, Fr. Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Young Catechist & Martyr", Second Edition, Manila, Word & Life Publications, Inc., 2012</li> <li>Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Canonization Album," University Of San Carlos Press, Cebu, 2012</li> <li>Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron for the Filipino Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Manila, 2012</li> <li>Orbeta, Ruben, "The Liturgical Cult of San Pedro Calungsod: a Filipino Response to the Universal Call to Holiness," STL University Of America, New York, 2019</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calungsod&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pedrocalungsod.org/">Pedro Calungsod Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922002256/http://www.pedrocalungsod.org/">Archived</a> September 22, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cebuarchdiocese.org/pedro-calungsod/">The Archdiocese of Cebu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/pe/calungsod/bio.html">Website by the Postulatio Causae Beatificationis seu Canonizationis Beati Petri Calungsod</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Filipino_saints,_Blesseds,_and_Servants_of_God" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filipino_sainthood" title="Template:Filipino sainthood"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Filipino_sainthood" title="Template talk:Filipino sainthood"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Filipino_sainthood" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Filipino sainthood"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filipino_saints,_Blesseds,_and_Servants_of_God" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" title="List of Filipino Catholic saints and beatified people">Filipino saints, Blesseds, and Servants of God</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pedro Calungsod</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blesseds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_of_Manila" title="José María of Manila">José María of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Luis_de_San_Vitores" title="Diego Luis de San Vitores">Diego Luis de San Vitores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_Justo_Takayama" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom Justo Takayama">Dom Justo Takayama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Venerable" title="The Venerable">Venerables</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Obviar" title="Alfredo Obviar">Alfredo Obviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Schwartz" title="Aloysius Schwartz">Aloysius Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisca_del_Esp%C3%ADritu_Santo_Fuentes" title="Francisca del Espíritu Santo Fuentes">Francisca del Espíritu Santo Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Larra%C3%B1aga_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Isabel Larrañaga Ramírez">Isabel Larrañaga Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacia_del_Esp%C3%ADritu_Santo" title="Ignacia del Espíritu Santo">Ignacia del Espíritu Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Barcelo_y_Pages" title="Consuelo Barcelo y Pages">Consuelo Barcelo y Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatriz_del_Rosario_Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo">María Beatríz del Rosario Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofilo_Camomot" title="Teofilo Camomot">Teofilo Bastida Camomot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servants<br />of God</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Jerónima de la Asunción">Jerónima de la Asunción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Palliola" title="Francesco Palliola">Francesco Palliola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Rosa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Talangpaz" title="Cecilia Rosa de Jesús Talangpaz">Cecilia Rosa de Jesús Talangpaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisia_Talangpaz" title="Dionisia Talangpaz">Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pelaez" title="Pedro Pelaez">Pedro Pelaez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Barcelo_y_Pages" title="Rita Barcelo y Pages">Ines Barcelo Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_%C3%81ngeles_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Rivera_Chicote" title="María Ángeles Rodríguez de Rivera Chicote">María Ángeles Rodríguez de Rivera Chicote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Verbis_Lafleur" title="Joseph Verbis Lafleur">Joseph Verbis Lafleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Finnemann" title="William Finnemann">William Finnemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Versoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo Versoza">Alfredo Versoza</a></li> <li>Florencia Cuesta Valluerca</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Braga" title="Carlo Braga">Carlo Braga</a></li> <li>Dalisay Lazaga</li> <li>Amador Tajanlangit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Willmann" title="George J. Willmann">George J. Willmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B1a_Ruiz_Abad" title="Niña Ruiz Abad">Niña Ruiz Abad</a></li> <li>Richard Michael Fernando</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoel_Gallardo" title="Rhoel Gallardo">Rhoel Gallardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Aveni" title="Giuseppe Aveni">Giuseppe Aveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laureana_Franco" title="Laureana Franco">Laureana Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Ramos" title="Darwin Ramos">Darwin Ramos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Candidates_for_sainthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidates for sainthood">Candidates<br />for sainthood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Diego de Herrera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Agurto" title="Pedro de Agurto">Pedro de Agurto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Songsong" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe Songsong">Felipe Songsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_de_San_Bernardo" title="Martha de San Bernardo">Martha de San Bernardo</a></li> <li>Sebastiana de Jesus Salcedo</li> <li>Margarita Roxas de Ayala</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermana_Fausta" title="Hermana Fausta">Fausta Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Douglas_(priest)" title="Francis Douglas (priest)">Francis Vernon Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egbert_Xavier_Kelly" title="Egbert Xavier Kelly">Egbert Xavier Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_Guimbaolibot" title="Donato Guimbaolibot">Donato Guimbaolibot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Quezon" title="Aurora Quezon">Aurora Quezon</a></li> <li>Juan and Teresa Nepomuceno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cecilia_of_Jesus" title="Mary Cecilia of Jesus">Mary Cecilia of Jesus</a></li> <li>Roderick Flores</li> <li>Rudy Romano</li> <li>Godofredo Alingal</li> <li>Exequiel Barangan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Therese_Vicente" title="Mary Therese Vicente">Mary Therese Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Abano" title="Luisa Abano">Luisa Abano</a></li> <li>Justin Daniel Bataclan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reuter" title="James Reuter">James Reuter</a></li> <li>Ivan Rolfe Banaag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vidal" title="Ricardo Vidal">Ricardo Vidal</a></li> <li>Leticia Tordesillas Albert</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:Catholic Church in the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Catholic Church in the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church in the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholic Church in the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops%27_Conference_of_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines">Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mass_in_the_Philippines" title="First Mass in the Philippines">First Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Spanish occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus#Philippines" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Expulsion of Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization_movement_in_the_Philippines" title="Secularization movement in the Philippines">Secularization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">First Papal visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%9386)#Martial_Law_(1972–1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1965–86)">Martial Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995 World Youth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Philippines" title="Capital punishment in the Philippines">Death penalty debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_history" title="Contemporary history">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_II" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSA II">EDSA Dos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Family" title="Pontifical Council for the Family">World Meeting of Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Pope_John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of Pope John Paul II">Death of John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Death of Cardinal Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_Parenthood_and_Reproductive_Health_Act_of_2012" title="Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012">Reproductive Health Bill debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Year of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal#Official_English_translations" title="Roman Missal">Revision of the Roman Missal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sainthood">Canonization of Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_People_March" title="Million People March">Million People March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_the_Philippines" title="Visit by Pope Francis to the Philippines">Pope Francis's visit to the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_International_Eucharistic_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 International Eucharistic Congress">2016 International Eucharistic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Years_of_Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="500 Years of Christianity in the Philippines">500 YOC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">Archdioceses</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cathedrals in the Philippines">cathedrals</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_churches_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Catholic churches in the Philippines">churches</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Caceres" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Caceres">Caceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Capiz" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Capiz">Capiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cebu" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cotabato" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cotabato">Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Davao" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Davao">Davao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Jaro" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jaro">Jaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Lingayen%E2%80%93Dagupan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lingayen–Dagupan">Lingayen–Dagupan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Lipa" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lipa">Lipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Manila" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Nueva_Segovia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia">Nueva Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Ozamiz" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ozamiz">Ozamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Palo" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Palo">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_San_Fernando" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Tuguegarao" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuguegarao">Tuguegarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zamboanga" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga">Zamboanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the Philippines">Dioceses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">Suffragans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Alaminos" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Alaminos">Alaminos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Antipolo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Antipolo">Antipolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bacolod" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bacolod">Bacolod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Baguio" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Baguio">Baguio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Balanga" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Balanga">Balanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bangued" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bangued">Bangued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bayombong" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayombong">Bayombong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Boac" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Boac">Boac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Borongan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Borongan">Borongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Butuan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Butuan">Butuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cabanatuan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cabanatuan">Cabanatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Calbayog" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Calbayog">Calbayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Catarman" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Catarman">Catarman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cubao" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao">Cubao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Daet" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Daet">Daet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Digos" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Digos">Digos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dipolog" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dipolog">Dipolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dumaguete" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumaguete">Dumaguete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gumaca" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Gumaca">Gumaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Iba" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Iba">Iba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ilagan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ilagan">Ilagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Iligan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Iligan">Iligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ipil" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ipil">Ipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Imus" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Imus">Imus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kabankalan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kabankalan">Kabankalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kalookan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalookan">Kalookan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kalibo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalibo">Kalibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kidapawan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kidapawan">Kidapawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Laoag" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Legazpi" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Legazpi">Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Libmanan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Libmanan">Libmanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Lucena" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucena">Lucena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Maasin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Maasin">Maasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Mati" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Mati">Mati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Malaybalay" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Malaybalay">Malaybalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Malolos" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Marbel" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Marbel">Marbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Masbate" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Masbate">Masbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Naval" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Naval">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Novaliches" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Novaliches">Novaliches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pagadian" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pagadian">Pagadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Parañaque">Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pasig" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig">Pasig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Prosperidad" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Prosperidad">Prosperidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Romblon" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Romblon">Romblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Carlos_(Philippines)" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Carlos (Philippines)">San Carlos Borromeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Fernando_de_La_Union" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Fernando de La Union">San Fernando de La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Jose_de_Antique" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose de Antique">San Jose de Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Jose_(Nueva_Ecija)" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose (Nueva Ecija)">San Jose de Nueva Ecija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Pablo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo">San Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sorsogon" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Surigao" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Surigao">Surigao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tagbilaran" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tagbilaran">Tagbilaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tagum" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tagum">Tagum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Talibon" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Talibon">Talibon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tandag" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tandag">Tandag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tarlac" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarlac">Tarlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Urdaneta" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Urdaneta">Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Virac" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Virac">Virac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Ordinariate_of_the_Philippines" title="Military Ordinariate of the Philippines">Military Ordinariate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_prelate" title="Territorial prelate">Territorial prelatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Batanes" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Batanes">Batanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Infanta" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Infanta">Infanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Isabela" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Isabela">Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Marawi" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Marawi">Marawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Bontoc-Lagawe" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Bontoc-Lagawe">Bontoc-Lagawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Calapan" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Calapan">Calapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Jolo" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Jolo">Jolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Puerto_Princesa" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Princesa">Puerto Princesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_San_Jose_in_Mindoro" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of San Jose in Mindoro">San Jose in Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Tabuk" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Tabuk">Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Taytay" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Taytay">Taytay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Prelates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Antonio_Tagle" title="Luis Antonio Tagle">Luis Antonio Tagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Advincula" title="Jose Advincula">Jose Advincula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudencio_Rosales" title="Gaudencio Rosales">Gaudencio Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Quevedo" title="Orlando Quevedo">Orlando Quevedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Andrew_Alarcon" title="Rex Andrew Alarcon">Rex Andrew Alarcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Baccay" title="Ricardo Baccay">Ricardo Baccay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Barnuevo_Bendico" title="Victor Barnuevo Bendico">Victor Bendico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Cabantan" title="Jose Cabantan">José Cabantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Du" title="John F. Du">John Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Garcera" title="Gilbert Garcera">Gilbert Garcera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Jumoad" title="Martin Jumoad">Martin Jumoad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelito_Lampon" title="Angelito Lampon">Angelito Lampon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentino_Lavarias" title="Florentino Lavarias">Florentino Lavarias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Romeo_Lazo" title="Jose Romeo Lazo">Jose Romeo Lazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma" title="José S. Palma">José S. Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlo_Peralta" title="Marlo Peralta">Marlo Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Valles" title="Romulo Valles">Rómulo Valles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_B._Villegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrates B. Villegas">Socrates Villegas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism_for_Filipino_Catholics" title="Catechism for Filipino Catholics">Catechism for Filipino Catholics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Christiana" title="Doctrina Christiana">Doctrina Christiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasyon" title="Pasyon">Pasyón</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" title="List of Filipino Catholic saints and beatified people">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pedro Calungsod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious institute (Catholic)">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Priest#Catholicism_and_Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Priest">Priests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brother_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Catholic)">brothers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_Province_of_the_Most_Holy_Name_of_Jesus_of_the_Philippines" title="Augustinian Province of the Most Holy Name of Jesus of the Philippines">Augustinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_Province_of_Sto._Ni%C3%B1o_de_Cebu,_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinian Province of Sto. Niño de Cebu, Philippines">Augustinian in Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_Recollect_Province_of_Saint_Ezequi%C3%A9l_Moreno" title="Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno">Augustinian Recollects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Word_Missionaries#The_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Word Missionaries">Divine Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers_Philippine_District" title="De La Salle Brothers Philippine District">La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesians_of_Don_Bosco" title="Salesians of Don Bosco">Salesian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Sisters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Dominican_Sisters_of_St._Catherine_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation of the Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena">Dominican Sisters of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Apostolic_Sisters" title="Franciscan Apostolic Sisters">Franciscan Apostolic Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Notre_Dame" title="Oblates of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Religious of the Virgin Mary">Religious of the Virgin Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_devotions" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic devotions">Devotions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_devotions_to_Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic devotions to Jesus Christ">Jesus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nazarene" title="Black Nazarene">Black Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_in_the_Philippines" title="Crucifixion in the Philippines">Crucifixion in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_the_Divine_Mercy_(Philippines)" title="National Shrine of the Divine Mercy (Philippines)">Divine Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ceb%C3%BA" title="Santo Niño de Cebú">Santo Niño de Cebú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Santo Niño de Arévalo">Santo Niño de Arévalo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calasiao,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Calasiao, Pangasinan">Señor Tesoro</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Marian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Buen_Suceso_de_Para%C3%B1aque" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso de Parañaque">Buen Suceso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Candelaria" title="Virgin of Candelaria">Candelaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_Virgen_del_Santissimo_Rosario,_Reina_de_Caracol" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuestra Señora Virgen del Santissimo Rosario, Reina de Caracol">Caracol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Caysasay" title="Our Lady of Caysasay">Caysasay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guidance" title="Our Lady of Guidance">Guia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronages_of_the_Immaculate_Conception#Philippines" title="Patronages of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Manaoag" title="Our Lady of Manaoag">Manaoag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Our Lady of La Naval de Manila">La Naval de Manila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Peace_and_Good_Voyage" title="Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage">Paz y Buen Viaje</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Pe%C3%B1afrancia" title="Our Lady of Peñafrancia">Peñafrancia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help#The_Philippines" title="Our Lady of Perpetual Help">Perpetual Help</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Piat" title="Our Lady of Piat">Piat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Soledad_de_Porta_Vaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga">Porta Vaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Los_Remedios" title="Virgin of Los Remedios">Remedios</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Salvation" title="Our Lady of Salvation">Salvación</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Turumba" title="Our Lady of Turumba">Turumba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Jose_de_Baras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Jose de Baras (page does not exist)">San José de Baras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as_Church" title="Las Piñas Church">Tata Hosep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Christmas in the Philippines">Christmas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Belén</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Christmas_carols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Filipino Christmas carols">Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift#Gift_Giving_Occasions" title="Gift">Gift giving</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nochebuena" class="mw-redirect" title="Nochebuena">Nochebuena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">Parol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi#Spanish_customs" title="Biblical Magi">Three Kings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simbang_Gabi" title="Simbang Gabi">Simbang Gabi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ati-Atihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ati-Atihan">Ati-Atihan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene" title="Feast of the Black Nazarene">Feast of the Black Nazarene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinagyang" title="Dinagyang">Dinagyang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flores_de_Mayo" title="Flores de Mayo">Flores de Mayo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros_Grand_Marian_Procession" title="Intramuros Grand Marian Procession">Intramuros Grand Marian Procession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obando_Fertility_Rites" title="Obando Fertility Rites">Obando Fertility Rites</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinulog" title="Sinulog">Sinulog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_the_Philippines" title="Holy Week in the Philippines">Holy Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Roman Catholic Church">Fasting and abstinence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pabasa_(ritual)" title="Pabasa (ritual)">Pabasa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passion_play#Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion play">Senákulo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Via Crucis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Churches_Visitation" title="Seven Churches Visitation">Visita Iglesia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_Organ" title="Bamboo Organ">Bamboo Organ</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Communal_work#Bayanihan" title="Communal work">Bayanihan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name#Spanish_names_and_saints_used_as_surnames" title="Filipino name">Filipino names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Registry_of_Cultural_Property" title="Philippine Registry of Cultural Property">Historical churches</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mano_(gesture)" title="Mano (gesture)">Mano</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Philippines">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Media_Network" title="Catholic Media Network">Catholic Media Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Notre Dame Broadcasting Corporation">Notre Dame Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maria_Philippines" title="Radio Maria Philippines">Radio Maria Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRV-AM" title="DZRV-AM">Radio Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Maria" title="TV Maria">TV Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Catholic_Television_Network" title="Cebu Catholic Television Network">Cebu Catholic Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Communications_Foundation" title="Jesuit Communications Foundation">Jesuit Communications Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_universities_and_colleges_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines">Schools, colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Agustin" title="University of San Agustin">Augustinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SVD_schools#List_of_schools_run_by_the_Society_of_the_Divine_Word_(SVD)_in_the_Philippines" title="List of SVD schools">Divine Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesuit_educational_institutions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Jesuit educational institutions in the Philippines">Jesuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Philippines" title="De La Salle Philippines">La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Educational_Association" title="Notre Dame Educational Association">Notre Dame</a></li> <li>Dominican <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas_System" title="University of Santo Tomas System">University of Santo Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamson_University" title="Adamson University">Vincentian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Laity" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Laity">Laity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Women%27s_League" title="Catholic Women's League">Catholic Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_for_Christ" title="Couples for Christ">Couples for Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai_(movement)" title="El Shaddai (movement)">El Shaddai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Rosary_Crusade" title="Family Rosary Crusade">Family Rosary Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus" title="Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_Pastoral_Council_for_Responsible_Voting" title="Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting">Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Sanchez" title="Bo Sanchez">The Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Worldwide_Prayer_Network" title="Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network">Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Filipino">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontificio_Collegio_Filippino" title="Pontificio Collegio Filippino">Pontificio Collegio Filippino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Ruiz_Chapel_(New_York_City)" title="San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel (New York City)">San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Catholic_Church_(Philippines)" title="Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines)">Apostolic Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Philippine_Orthodox_Church" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_Philippines" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the Philippines">Philippine Orthodox Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Christian_Mission_in_the_Philippines" title="Antiochian Orthodox Christian Mission in the Philippines">Patriarchate of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_the_Philippines" title="Exarchate of the Philippines">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Moscow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_the_Philippines_and_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparchy of the Philippines and Vietnam">PESEA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Mission_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_outside_Russia" title="Philippine Mission of the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia">ROCOR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_Philippines" title="Protestantism in the Philippines">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_Philippines" title="Evangelicalism in the Philippines">Evangelical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Bible_Fellowship_International" title="Baptist Bible Fellowship International">Baptist Bible Fellowship International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastion_of_Truth_Reformed_Churches_in_the_Philippines" title="Bastion of Truth Reformed Churches in the Philippines">Bastion of Truth Reformed Churches in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Ministries_International" title="Bread of Life Ministries International">Bread of Life Ministries International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Commission_Fellowship" title="Christ's Commission Fellowship">Christ's Commission Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance_Churches_of_the_Philippines" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance Churches of the Philippines">Christian and Missionary Alliance Churches of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Christian Reformed Church in the Philippines">Christian Reformed Church in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_by_Day_Christian_Ministries" title="Day by Day Christian Ministries">Day by Day Christian Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_Church_(Philippines)" title="Destiny Church (Philippines)">Destiny Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Chinese_Baptist_Convention" title="Philippine Chinese Baptist Convention">Philippine Chinese Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_the_Philippines" title="Presbyterian Church of the Philippines">Presbyterian Church of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_(church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory (church)">Victory Christian Fellowship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Praise" title="Cathedral of Praise">Cathedral of Praise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Foursquare_Gospel_in_the_Philippines" title="Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines">Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_is_Lord_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus is Lord Church">Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Miracle_Crusade" title="Jesus Miracle Crusade">Jesus Miracle Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Missionary_Church_of_Christ_(4th_Watch)" title="Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch)">Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_General_Council_of_the_Assemblies_of_God" title="Philippines General Council of the Assemblies of God">Philippines General Council of the Assemblies of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Episcopal_Church" title="Charismatic Episcopal Church">Charismatic Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Philippine_Baptist_Churches" title="Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches">Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Episcopal Church in the Philippines">Episcopal Church in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Methodist_Church_in_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands">Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Lutheran Church in the Philippines">Lutheran Church in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unida_Church" title="Unida Church">Unida Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ_in_the_Philippines" title="United Church of Christ in the Philippines">United Church of Christ in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_Central_Conference_(United_Methodist_Church)" title="Philippines Central Conference (United Methodist Church)">United Methodist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jesus_Christ_(church)" title="Kingdom of Jesus Christ (church)">Kingdom of Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a 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hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Benevolent_Missionaries_Association" title="Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association">Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Espiritista_Cristiana_de_Filipinas,_Inc." title="Unión Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Inc.">Unión Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Irreligion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Philippines" title="Irreligion in the Philippines">Atheism, Agnosticism and other forms of Irreligion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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