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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pals_Costa_Brava_Catalonië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pals Costa Brava Catalonië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pals_Costa_Brava_Catalonië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moskou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moskou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Moskou</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moskou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderscheidingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderscheidingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Onderscheidingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderscheidingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 64 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="إذاعة أوروبا الحرة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إذاعة أوروبا الحرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اذاعه اوروبا الحره – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اذاعه اوروبا الحره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadl%C4%B1q_Radiosu" title="Azadlıq Radiosu – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azadlıq Radiosu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Азатлыҡ радиоһы – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Азатлыҡ радиоһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liousas_Euruopas_rad%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Liousas Euruopas radėjė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Liousas Euruopas radėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Радыё Свабодная Еўропа/Радыё Свабода – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Радыё Свабодная Еўропа/Радыё Свабода" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Радыё Свабодная Эўропа/Радыё Свабода – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Радыё Свабодная Эўропа/Радыё Свабода" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%E2%80%9E%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%E2%80%9C" title="Радио „Свободна Европа“ – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Радио „Свободна Европа“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" title="Radio Free Europe – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Radio Free Europe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Liberty – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Маьрша Европа/Радио Маршо – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Маьрша Европа/Радио Маршо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C3%A1_Evropa" title="Svobodná Evropa – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svobodná Evropa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" title="Radio Free Europe – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Radio Free Europe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe_/_Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Libera_E%C5%ADropo/Radio_Libero" title="Radio Libera Eŭropo/Radio Libero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radio Libera Eŭropo/Radio Libero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFE/RL" title="RFE/RL – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="RFE/RL" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רדיו אירופה החופשית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדיו אירופה החופשית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="रेडियो फ्री यूरोप/रेडियो लिबर्टी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेडियो फ्री यूरोप/रेडियो लिबर्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Slobodna_Europa" title="Radio Slobodna Europa – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Radio Slobodna Europa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szabad_Eur%C3%B3pa_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Szabad Európa Rádió – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szabad Európa Rádió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BF_%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն ռադիոկայան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն ռադիոկայան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" title="Radio Free Europe – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radio Free Europe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91" title="ラジオ・フリー・ヨーロッパ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラジオ・フリー・ヨーロッパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="რადიო თავისუფალი ევროპა/რადიო თავისუფლება – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რადიო თავისუფალი ევროპა/რადიო თავისუფლება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Азаттық радиосы – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Азаттық радиосы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1" title="자유유럽방송 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자유유럽방송" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo_Azad%C3%AE" title="Radyo Azadî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Radyo Azadî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%C2%BB_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="«Азаттык» үналгысы – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="«Азаттык» үналгысы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laisvosios_Europos_radijas" title="Laisvosios Europos radijas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laisvosios Europos radijas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Br%C4%ABv%C4%81_Eiropa" title="Radio Brīvā Eiropa – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Radio Brīvā Eiropa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Радио Слободна Европа – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Радио Слободна Европа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" title="Radio Free Europe – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Radio Free Europe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Wolna_Europa" title="Radio Wolna Europa – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radio Wolna Europa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8D_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88" title="د آزادۍ راډيو – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د آزادۍ راډيو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe_/_Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Europa_Liber%C4%83" title="Radio Europa Liberă – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Radio Europa Liberă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Радио «Свобода» – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Радио «Свобода»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D2%A5%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Көҥүл араадьыйа – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көҥүл араадьыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Slobodna_Evropa" title="Radio Slobodna Evropa – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Radio Slobodna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodn%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3pa_(rozhlasov%C3%A1_stanica)" title="Slobodná Európa (rozhlasová stanica) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slobodná Európa (rozhlasová stanica)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Evropa_e_Lir%C3%AB" title="Radio Evropa e Lirë – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Radio Evropa e Lirë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Slobodna_Evropa" title="Radio Slobodna Evropa – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Radio Slobodna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Радиои Аврупои Озод/Радиои Озодӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Радиои Аврупои Озод/Радиои Озодӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_Avrupa_Radyosu" title="Özgür Avrupa Radyosu – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özgür Avrupa Radyosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Азат Аурупа радиосы/Азатлык радиосы – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Азат Аурупа радиосы/Азатлык радиосы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Радіо Свобода – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Радіо Свобода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozodlik_radiosi" title="Ozodlik radiosi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ozodlik radiosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0i_Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u_T%E1%BB%B1_do/%C4%90%C3%A0i_T%E1%BB%B1_do" title="Đài Châu Âu Tự do/Đài Tự do – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đài Châu Âu Tự do/Đài Tự do" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0%EF%BC%8F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="自由欧洲电台/自由电台 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="自由欧洲电台/自由电台" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="რადიო დუდიშული ევროპა/რადიო დუდიშალა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რადიო დუდიშული ევროპა/რადიო დუდიშალა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0%EF%BC%8F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="自由欧洲电台/自由电台 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自由欧洲电台/自由电台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" title="自由歐洲電台 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="自由歐洲電台" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q485500#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:RFE_RL_building_construction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/RFE_RL_building_construction.jpg/250px-RFE_RL_building_construction.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/RFE_RL_building_construction.jpg/375px-RFE_RL_building_construction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/RFE_RL_building_construction.jpg/500px-RFE_RL_building_construction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Gebouw van Radio Free Europe in <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</b> (<b>RFE/RL</b>) is een <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Communicatie" title="Communicatie">communicatie</a>-station dat in 1976 ontstond uit een fusie van Radio Free Europe (uit 1949) en Radio Liberty (uit 1953). </p><p>Radio Free Europe werd in 1949 in Berlijn gesticht door de <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Committee_for_a_Free_Europe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="National Committee for a Free Europe (de pagina bestaat niet)">National Committee for a Free Europe</a>, onderdeel van de <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. Deze Free Europe Committee, destijds onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>, was een van vele middelen in de Amerikaanse ideologische strijd tegen het communisme. Veel radiostations waren in de beginjaren dan ook gevestigd in Oost-Europa. De organisatie is tegenwoordig verspreid over <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Midden-Oosten" title="Midden-Oosten">Midden-Oosten</a>. </p><p>Er wordt meer dan 1000 uren per week uitgezonden, in 28 talen, via <a href="/wiki/Korte_golf" title="Korte golf">korte golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amplitudemodulatie" title="Amplitudemodulatie">AM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frequentiemodulatie" title="Frequentiemodulatie">FM</a> en <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>. De organisatie is gebaseerd op het aanprijzen van de waarden van de <a href="/wiki/Democratie" title="Democratie">democratie</a> en instellingen, door het verspreiden van feitelijke informatie en ideeën. De bronnen blijven in rapportages vaak anoniem gezien de consequenties van samenwerking met RFE. In sommige landen zoals Iran en Oezbekistan is de organisatie verboden, maar ook in andere landen lopen verslaggevers van de organisatie gevaar voor arrestatie. Redenen voor de blokkering zijn onder andere dat RFE veel aandacht besteedt aan de rechten van minderheden en zeer kritisch is over de betreffende regeringen. </p><p>Op <a href="/wiki/21_februari" title="21 februari">21 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> blies <a href="/wiki/Ilich_Ram%C3%ADrez_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Ilich Ramírez Sánchez">Carlos <i>de Jakhals</i></a> het hoofdkantoor van Radio Free Europe in München op. Het station zond informatie uit over de vlucht van de Roemeense generaal <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihai_Pacepa" title="Ion Mihai Pacepa">Pacepa</a>. </p><p>Radio Free Europe is gevestigd in <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pals_Costa_Brava_Catalonië"><span id="Pals_Costa_Brava_Cataloni.C3.AB"></span>Pals Costa Brava Catalonië</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Pals Costa Brava Catalonië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Pals Costa Brava Catalonië"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vijftig jaar lang bestookten de Amerikanen van hieruit het Oostblok met westerse standpunten. Bij het strand van <a href="/wiki/Pals_(Spanje)" title="Pals (Spanje)">Pals (Spanje)</a> werd een deel van de Koude Oorlog uitgevochten. Meteen achter de duinen bij het dorpje Playa de Pals aan de Costa Brava, langs het brede zandstrand, piekten de hoge zendmasten van Radio Liberty hoog boven de pijnbomen uit. In slagorde opgesteld langs de wijde baai, zonden ze tot voor kort in tal van talen hun 'boodschap van hoop' uit tot diep achter het IJzeren Gordijn, met de blauwe Middellandse Zee als klankbord. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moskou">Moskou</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Moskou" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Moskou"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na de mislukte staatsgreep in augustus 1991 gaf de nieuwe Russische president <a href="/wiki/Boris_Jeltsin" title="Boris Jeltsin">Boris Jeltsin</a> Radio Liberty toestemming zich in Moskou te vestigen. Hij was onder de indruk van de feitelijke en waarheidsgetrouwe verslaglegging door de zender tijdens de recente gebeurtenissen. </p><p>Aan de uitzendingen vanuit Moskou kwam een einde tijdens de Russische inval in Oekraïne. Op 4 maart 2022 vroeg de Russische regering het faillissement van de zender aan vanwege de vele openstaande boetes. Radio Liberty had namelijk sinds 2017 geweigerd om bij elk item te melden dat ze een "<a href="/wiki/Buitenlandse_agent" title="Buitenlandse agent">buitenlandse agent</a>" waren, zoals de wet sindsdien voorschreef. Daar kwam in 2022 nog bij, dat de afzonderlijke redacteuren ook bij elke post op de sociale media moesten vermelden, dat ze buitenlandse agenten waren.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderscheidingen">Onderscheidingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Onderscheidingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Onderscheidingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_Award" title="Four Freedoms Award">Four Freedoms Award</a> voor vrijheid van meningsuiting</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/">Officiële website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioliberty.org/">Radiostation Pals</a> ('virtueel museum')</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT_(televisiezender)" title="RT (televisiezender)">RT (televisiezender)</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGroot_Koerkamp2022"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Groot Koerkamp, Geert</span>,&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/opgericht-na-de-dood-van-stalin-onder-poetin-gaat-het-licht-uit-dit-was-radio-liberty-vanuit-moskou~b1905160/">Opgericht na de dood van Stalin, onder Poetin gaat het licht uit: dit was Radio Liberty vanuit Moskou</a>.&#32;<i><a href="/wiki/De_Volkskrant" title="De Volkskrant">De Volkskrant</a></i>&#32;(<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-03-09">9 maart 2022</span>).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310104304/https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/opgericht-na-de-dood-van-stalin-onder-poetin-gaat-het-licht-uit-dit-was-radio-liberty-vanuit-moskou~b1905160/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-03-10">10 maart 2022</span>.&#32;Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-10-09">9 oktober 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐67ffd876‐q8fxk Cached time: 20241125131306 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.046 seconds Real time usage: 0.080 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 481/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3550/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1958/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1950/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.003/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 625258/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 54.706 1 -total 54.37% 29.745 1 Sjabloon:Appendix 50.12% 27.418 1 Sjabloon:References 45.20% 24.726 2 Sjabloon:En 22.56% 12.344 1 Sjabloon:Citeer_web 11.76% 6.436 1 Sjabloon:Taalaanduiding 4.55% 2.490 1 Sjabloon:Sfnref 3.25% 1.777 1 Sjabloon:Aut --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:325164-0!dateformat=default and timestamp 20241125131306 and revision id 67553796. 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