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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_ell_to_yard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_ell_to_yard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>From ell to yard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_ell_to_yard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yard_and_inch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yard_and_inch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Yard and inch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yard_and_inch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Physical standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th-century_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th-century_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>19th-century Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th-century_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definition_of_the_yard_in_terms_of_the_meter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_of_the_yard_in_terms_of_the_meter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Definition of the yard in terms of the meter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition_of_the_yard_in_terms_of_the_meter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Current use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Textiles_and_fat_quarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textiles_and_fat_quarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Textiles and fat quarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textiles_and_fat_quarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equivalences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equivalences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Equivalences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equivalences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conversions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yard</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaart" title="Jaart – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jaart" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B5" title="ያርድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ያርድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="ياردة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياردة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yarda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C" title="গজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ярд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ярд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ярд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ярд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ярд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ярд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarda" title="Iarda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iarda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llathen" title="Llathen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llathen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Υάρδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υάρδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yarda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardo_(mezurunuo)" title="Jardo (mezurunuo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jardo (mezurunuo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Yarda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="یارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardur" title="Jardur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jardur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verge_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Verge (unité) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Verge (unité)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarda" title="Iarda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iarda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%93%9C" title="야드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Յարդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarda" title="Iarda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iarda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93" title="יארד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יארד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="იარდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იარდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ярд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ярд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virga_(mensura)" title="Virga (mensura) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Virga (mensura)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jards" title="Jards – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jards" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Јард – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јард" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95)" title="यार्ड (एकक) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यार्ड (एकक)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="იარდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იარდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ela" title="Ela – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ヤード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਗਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B2" title="گز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarda" title="Jarda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jarda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ярд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ярд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardi" title="Jardi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jardi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiarda" title="Jiarda – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jiarda" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="یارد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یارد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Јард – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јард" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaardi" title="Jaardi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaardi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yarda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B3_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81)" title="யார் (நீள அலகு) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யார் (நீள அலகு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ярд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ярд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81)" title="గజము (పొడవు) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గజము (పొడవు)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="หลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A3%E1%8E%B0%E1%8F%82" title="ᎣᎰᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎣᎰᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yarda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadi" title="Yadi – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Yadi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ярд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ярд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B2" title="گز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard" title="Yard – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yard" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedje_canadyinne" title="Vedje canadyinne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vedje canadyinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yarda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%81" title="码 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="码" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%BC" title="碼 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%81" title="码 – 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of length</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Yard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yard (disambiguation)">Yard (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Yard</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yardstick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yardstick.jpg/220px-Yardstick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yardstick.jpg/330px-Yardstick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yardstick.jpg/440px-Yardstick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1921" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Two yardsticks, used for measuring "yard goods"</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">imperial</a>/<a href="/wiki/US_customary_units" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary units">US</a> units</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">Length</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">yd</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 yd <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>Imperial/US units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>3 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">ft</a><br />    36 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">in</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric</a> (<a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a>) units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>0.9144 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">m</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Standards_of_Length,_Greenwich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Imperial_Standards_of_Length%2C_Greenwich.jpg/300px-Imperial_Standards_of_Length%2C_Greenwich.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Imperial_Standards_of_Length%2C_Greenwich.jpg/450px-Imperial_Standards_of_Length%2C_Greenwich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Imperial_Standards_of_Length%2C_Greenwich.jpg/600px-Imperial_Standards_of_Length%2C_Greenwich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3119" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption>The informal public <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">imperial</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_(metrology)" title="Standard (metrology)">measurement standards</a> erected at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich, England">Greenwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, in the 19th century: 1 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">British</a> yard, 2 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">feet</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a>, 6 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inches</a>, and 3 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inches</a>. The inexact monument was designed to permit rods of the correct measure to fit snugly into its pins at an ambient temperature of 62 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a> (16.66 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett20048_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett20048-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEwart1862112–113_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEwart1862112–113-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Yard_No._11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bronze_Yard_No._11.jpg/300px-Bronze_Yard_No._11.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bronze_Yard_No._11.jpg/450px-Bronze_Yard_No._11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bronze_Yard_No._11.jpg/600px-Bronze_Yard_No._11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption>Bronze Yard No.11, the official standard of length for the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> between 1855 and 1892, when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury Department</a> formally adopted a metric standard. Bronze Yard No.11 was forged to be an exact copy of the British Imperial Standard Yard held by <a href="/wiki/British_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="British Parliament">Parliament</a>. Both are line standards: the yard was defined by the distance at 62<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a> between two fine lines drawn on <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> plugs <i>(closeup, top)</i> installed in recesses near each end of the bar.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>yard</b> (symbol: <b>yd</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a> in both the British <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">imperial</a> and US <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">customary</a> <a href="/wiki/Systems_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems of measurement">systems of measurement</a> equalling 3 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">feet</a> or 36 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inches</a>. Since 1959 it has been by <a href="/wiki/International_yard_and_pound" title="International yard and pound">international agreement</a> standardized as exactly 0.9144 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">meter</a>. A distance of 1,760 yards is equal to 1 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mile</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Survey_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey foot">US survey yard</a> is very slightly longer. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Virgate" title="Virgate">yardland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ell" title="Ell">ell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">rod</a>.</div> <p>The term, <i>yard</i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">gerd</i></span>, <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">gyrd</i></span> etc., which was used for <a href="/wiki/Branch" title="Branch">branches</a>, staves and <a href="/wiki/Measuring_rod" title="Measuring rod">measuring rods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is first attested in the late 7th century <a href="/wiki/Ine_of_Wessex#Laws" title="Ine of Wessex">laws</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ine_of_Wessex" title="Ine of Wessex">Ine of Wessex</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe184063_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorpe184063-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the "yard of land" mentioned<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe184063_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorpe184063-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Virgate" title="Virgate">yardland</a>, an old English unit of <a href="/wiki/Tax_assessment" title="Tax assessment">tax assessment</a> equal to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hide_(unit)" title="Hide (unit)">hide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a> account of the <a href="/wiki/Messengers_from_John_the_Baptist" title="Messengers from John the Baptist">messengers from John the Baptist</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used it for a branch swayed by the wind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the yardland, Old and <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> both used their forms of "yard" to denote the <a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">surveying</a> lengths of 15 feet (4.6 m) or 16.5 feet (5.0 m), used in computing <a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">acres</a>, a distance now usually known as the "<a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">rod</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A unit of three English feet is attested in <a href="/wiki/Composition_of_Yards_and_Perches" title="Composition of Yards and Perches">a statute of <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span></a> (<a href="#Origin">see below</a>), but there it is called an <a href="/wiki/Ell_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ell (unit)">ell</a> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ulna</i></span>, <abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> "<a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">arm</a>"), a separate and usually longer unit of around 45 inches (1,100 mm). The use of the word ‘yard’ (<a href="/wiki/Middle_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle English language">Middle English</a>: <i lang="enm">ȝerd</i> or <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">ȝerde</i></span>) to describe this length is first attested in <a href="/wiki/William_Langland" title="William Langland">William Langland</a>'s poem on <a href="/wiki/Piers_Plowman" title="Piers Plowman">Piers Plowman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usage seems to derive from the <a href="/wiki/Prototype_(metrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prototype (metrology)">prototype</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_(metrology)" title="Standard (metrology)">standard</a> rods held by the king and his magistrates (<a href="#Origin">see below</a>). </p><p>The word ‘yard’ is a <a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">homonym</a> of ‘yard’ in the sense of <a href="/wiki/Yard_(land)" title="Yard (land)">an enclosed area of land</a>. This second meaning of ‘yard’ has an <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> related to the word ‘garden’ and is not related to the unit of measurement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231200_yard,_n.1]"_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231200_yard,_n.1]"-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry78456_gird,_v.1]"_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry78456_gird,_v.1]"-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> Yard is colloquially known as Gauge or <a href="/wiki/Guz" title="Guz">Guz</a>. 1 Gauge is 3 feet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the yard measure is uncertain. Both the <a href="/wiki/Roman_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman units">Romans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_units" title="Welsh units">Welsh</a> used multiples of a shorter <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a>, but <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roman_feet" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman feet">Roman feet</a> was a "<a href="/wiki/Step_(unit)" title="Step (unit)">step</a>" (Latin: <i lang="la">gradus</i>) and 3 <a href="/wiki/Welsh_feet" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh feet">Welsh feet</a> was a "<a href="/wiki/Pace_(unit)" title="Pace (unit)">pace</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">cam</i>). The <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubit</a> or arm's-length has been <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_reconstruction" title="Linguistic reconstruction">reconstructed</a> as *<i>alinô</i>, which developed into the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">eln</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">elne</i></span>, and modern <a href="/wiki/Ell" title="Ell">ell</a> of 1.25 yd (1.14 m). This has led some to derive the yard of three <a href="/wiki/English_feet" class="mw-redirect" title="English feet">English feet</a> from pacing; others from the ell or cubit; and still others from <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>'s arm standard (<a href="#Henry_I">see below</a>). Based on the <a href="#Name">etymology of the other "yard"</a>, some suggest it originally derived from the girth of a person's waist, while others believe it originated as a <a href="/wiki/Units_of_volume" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of volume">cubic measure</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> One official British report writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The standard of measure has always been taken either from some part of the human body, such as a foot, the length of the arm, the span of the hand, or from other natural objects, such as a barleycorn, or other kind of grain. But the yard was the original standard adopted by the early English sovereigns, and has been supposed to be founded upon the breadth of the chest of the Saxon race. The yard continued till the reign of Henry VII., when the ell was introduced, that being a yard and a quarter, or 45 inches. The ell was borrowed from the Paris drapers. Subsequently, however, Queen Elizabeth re-introduced the yard as the English standard of measure.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_ell_to_yard">From ell to yard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From ell to yard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest record of a prototype measure is the statute <a href="/wiki/II_Edgar_Cap._8" class="mw-redirect" title="II Edgar Cap. 8">II Edgar Cap. 8</a> (AD 959 <abbr title="sometime between">x</abbr> 963), which survives in several variant manuscripts. In it, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Peaceful" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Peaceful">Edgar the Peaceful</a> directed the <a href="/wiki/Witenagemot" class="mw-redirect" title="Witenagemot">Witenagemot</a> at <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire#Early_history" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover</a> that "the measure held at <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>" should be observed throughout his realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Some manuscripts read "at <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">London</a> and at Winchester".)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840113_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840113-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebermann1903204–206_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebermann1903204–206-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statutes of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Bastard" class="mw-redirect" title="William the Bastard">William I</a> similarly refer to and uphold the standard measures of his predecessors without naming them. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Henry_I"></span> <a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Deeds_of_the_Kings_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Deeds of the Kings of England">Deeds of the Kings of England</a></i> records that during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> (1100 - 1135), "the measure of his arm was applied to correct the false <a href="/wiki/Ell_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ell (unit)">ell</a> of the traders and enjoined on all throughout England."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiles1866445_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiles1866445-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folktale</a> that the length was bounded by the king's nose<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen1986106_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen1986106-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was added some centuries later. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore_Watson" title="Charles Moore Watson">Charles Moore Watson</a> dismisses William's account as "childish",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson191036–39_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson191036–39-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but William was among the most conscientious and trustworthy medieval historians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987xxiv_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987xxiv-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian units">French</a> "<a href="/wiki/King%27s_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="King's foot">king's foot</a>" was supposed to have derived from <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987xxiv_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987xxiv-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the English kings subsequently repeatedly intervened to impose shorter units with the aim of increasing tax revenue.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="historical record? closely argued conclusion of modern historian(s)? or sneer? (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The earliest surviving definition of this shorter unit appears in the <a href="/wiki/Act_on_the_Composition_of_Yards_and_Perches" class="mw-redirect" title="Act on the Composition of Yards and Perches">Act on the Composition of Yards and Perches</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_uncertain_date" title="Statutes of uncertain date">statutes of uncertain date</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tentatively dated to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a> or <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">II</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span>. Its wording varies in surviving accounts. One reads:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>It is ordained that 3 <a href="/wiki/Barleycorn_(unit)" title="Barleycorn (unit)">grains of barley</a> dry and round do make an <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inch</a>, 12 inches make 1 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a>, 3 feet make 1 yard, 5 yards and a half make a <a href="/wiki/Perch_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perch (unit)">perch</a>, and 40 perches in length and 4 in breadth make an <a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">acre</a>.</p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Liber_Horn" title="Liber Horn">Liber Horn</a> compilation (1311) includes that statute with slightly different wording and adds:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1884276_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1884276-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>And be it remembered that the <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> yard of our Lord the King containeth 3 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">feet</a> and no more, and a foot ought to contain 12 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inches</a> by the right measure of this yard measured, to wit, the 36th part of this yard rightly measured maketh 1 inch neither more nor less and 5 yards and a half make a <a href="/wiki/Perch_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perch (unit)">perch</a> that is 16 feet and a half measured by the aforesaid yard of our Lord the King.</p></blockquote> <p>In some early books, this act was appended to another statute of uncertain date titled the <a href="/wiki/Statute_for_the_Measuring_of_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute for the Measuring of Land">Statute for the Measuring of Land</a>. The act was not repealed until the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1824">Weights and Measures Act 1824</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yard_and_inch">Yard and inch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yard and inch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a law of 1439 (<a href="/wiki/18_Hen._6" class="mw-redirect" title="18 Hen. 6">18 Hen. 6</a>. c. 16) the sale of cloth by the "yard and handful" was abolished, and the "yard and inch" instituted<sup id="cite_ref-statutes_at_large-1439_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statutes_at_large-1439-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/Ell" title="Ell">ell</a>). </p> <blockquote><p>There shall be but one Measure of Cloth through the Realm by the <b>Yard and the Inch</b>, and not by the <b>Yard and Handful</b>, according to the London Measure.</p></blockquote> <p>According to Connor,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cloth merchants had previously sold cloth by the yard and handful to evade high taxes on cloth (the extra handful being essentially a black-market transaction). Enforcement efforts resulted in cloth merchants switching over to the yard and inch, at which point the government gave up and made the yard and inch official. In 1552, the yard and inch for cloth measurement was again sanctioned in law (<a href="/wiki/5_%26_6_Edw._6" class="mw-redirect" title="5 & 6 Edw. 6">5 & 6 Edw. 6</a>. c. 6. <i>An Act for the true making of Woolen Cloth.</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>XIV. And that all and every <a href="/wiki/Broadcloth#Etymology" title="Broadcloth">Broad Cloth</a> and Clothes called <a href="/wiki/Taunton#History" title="Taunton">Taunton Clothes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgwater" title="Bridgwater">Bridgwaters</a>, and other Clothes which shall be made after the said Feast in Taunton, Bridgwater or in other Places of like Sort, shall contain at the Water in Length betwixt twelve and thirteen Yards, <b>Yard and Inch</b> of the Rule, and in Breadth seven Quarters of a Yard: (2) And every <a href="/wiki/Narrow_Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow Cloth">narrow Cloth</a> made after the said Feast in the said Towns or elsewhere of like Sorts, shall contain in the Water in Length betwixt three and twenty and five and twenty Yards, <b>Yard and Inch</b> as is aforesaid, and in Breadth one Yard of like Measure; (3) and every such Cloth, both Broad and Narrow being well <a href="/wiki/Scouring_(textiles)" title="Scouring (textiles)">scowred</a>, thicked, <a href="/wiki/Fulling" title="Fulling">milled</a> and fully dried, shall weigh xxxiv. li. the Piece at the least.</p><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><p>XV. And that all Clothes named Check-<a href="/wiki/Kersey_(cloth)" title="Kersey (cloth)">Kersie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narrow_cloth" title="Narrow cloth">Straits</a>, which shall be made after the said Feast shall contain being wet between seventeen and eighteen <b>Yards, with the Inches</b> as is aforesaid, and in Breadth one Yard at the least at the Water; and being well scowred, thicked, milled and fully dried, shall weigh xxiv. li. the Piece at the least.</p></blockquote> <p>The yard and inch for cloth measurement was also sanctioned again in legislation of 1557–1558 (<a href="/wiki/4_%26_5_Ph._%26_M." class="mw-redirect" title="4 & 5 Ph. & M.">4 & 5 Ph. & M.</a> c. 5. <i>An act touching the making of woolen clothes.</i> par. IX.)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>IX. Item, That every ordinary <a href="/wiki/Kersey_(cloth)" title="Kersey (cloth)">kersie</a> mentioned in the said act shall contain in length in the water betwixt xvi. and xvii. yards, <b>yard and inch</b>; and being well scoured thicked, milled, dressed and fully dried, shall weigh nineteen pounds the piece at the least:...</p></blockquote> <p>As recently as 1593, the same principle is found mentioned once again (<a href="/wiki/35_Eliz._1" class="mw-redirect" title="35 Eliz. 1">35 Eliz. 1</a>. c. 10 <i>An act for the reformation of sundry abuses in clothes, called Devonshire kerjies  [</i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a><i>] or dozens, according to a proclamation of the thirty-fourth year of the reign of our sovereign lady the Queen that now is.</i> par. III.)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>(2) and each and every of the same Devonshire kersies or dozens, so being raw, and as it cometh forth off the weaver's loom (without racking, stretching, straining or other device to encrease the length thereof) shall contain in length between fifteen and sixteen yards by the measure of <b>yard and inch</b> by the rule,...</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_standards">Physical standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Physical standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the oldest yard-rods in existence is the clothyard of the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Merchant_Taylors" title="Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors">Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors</a>. It consists of a hexagonal iron rod <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in (16 mm) in diameter and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span> in (0.25 mm) short of a yard, encased within a silver rod bearing the hallmark 1445.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-(sir.)museum1863_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(sir.)museum1863-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 15th century, the Merchant Taylors Company was authorized to "make search" at the opening of the annual <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Fair" title="Bartholomew Fair">St. Bartholomew's Day Cloth Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hazlitt1892_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hazlitt1892-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clode1888_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clode1888-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-18th century, Graham<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> compared the standard yard of the Royal Society to other existing standards. These were a "long-disused" standard made in 1490 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Commons1873-34_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commons1873-34-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a brass yard and a brass <a href="/wiki/Ell" title="Ell">ell</a> from 1588 in the time of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth</a> and still in use at the time, held at the <a href="/wiki/Exchequer" title="Exchequer">Exchequer</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Commons1873-25_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commons1873-25-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a brass yard and a brass ell at the <a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a>; and a brass yard presented to the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Clockmakers" title="Worshipful Company of Clockmakers">Clock-Makers' Company</a> by the Exchequer in 1671.<sup id="cite_ref-knight_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Exchequer yard was taken as "true"; the variation was found to be +<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">20</span></span> to −<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">15</span></span> of an inch, and an additional graduation for the Exchequer yard was made on the Royal Society's standard.<sup id="cite_ref-knight_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1758 the legislature required the construction of a standard yard, which was made from the Royal Society's standard and was deposited with the clerk of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons</a>; it was divided into feet, one of the feet into inches, and one of the inches into tenths.<sup id="cite_ref-knight_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A copy of it, but with upright cheeks between which other measuring rods could be placed, was made for the Exchequer for commercial use.<sup id="cite_ref-knight_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wade1905_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1905-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th-century_Britain">19th-century Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 19th-century Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> investigations by <a href="/wiki/John_Playfair" title="John Playfair">John Playfair</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">Hyde Wollaston</a> and John Warner in 1814 a committee of parliament proposed defining the standard yard based upon the length of a <a href="/wiki/Seconds_pendulum" title="Seconds pendulum">seconds pendulum</a>. This idea was examined but not approved.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling1872_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling1872-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1824">Weights and Measures Act 1824</a> (<a href="/wiki/5_Geo._4" class="mw-redirect" title="5 Geo. 4">5 Geo. 4</a>. c. 74) <i>An Act for ascertaining and establishing Uniformity of Weights and Measures</i> stipulates that:<sup id="cite_ref-Britain1824_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britain1824-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa ); color: var( --color-base, black ); border: 1px solid #aaa; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">From and after the First Day of <i>May</i> One thousand eight hundred and twenty five the Straight Line or Distance between the Centres of the Two Points in the Gold Studs of the Straight Brass Rod now in the Custody of the Clerk of the House of Commons whereon the Words and Figures "Standard Yard 1760" are engraved shall be and the same is hereby declared to be the original and genuine Standard of that Measure of Length or lineal Extension called a Yard; and that the same Straight Line or Distance between the Centres of the said Two Points in the said Gold Studs in the said Brass Rod the Brass being at the Temperature of Sixty two Degrees by <i>Fahrenheit'</i>s Thermometer shall be and is hereby denominated the Imperial Standard Yard and shall be and is hereby declared to be the Unit or only Standard Measure of Extension, wherefrom or whereby all other Measures of Extension whatsoever, whether the same be lineal, superficial or solid, shall be derived, computed and ascertained; and that all Measures of Length shall be taken in Parts or Multiples, or certain Proportions of the said Standard Yard; and that One third Part of the said Standard Yard shall be a Foot, and the Twelfth Part of such Foot shall be an Inch; and that the Pole or Perch in Length shall contain Five such Yards and a Half, the Furlong Two hundred and twenty such Yards, and the Mile One thousand seven hundred and sixty such Yards.</div></blockquote> <p>In 1834, the primary Imperial yard standard was partially destroyed in a fire known as the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Parliament" title="Burning of Parliament">Burning of Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In 1838, a commission<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was formed to reconstruct the lost standards, including the troy pound, which had also been destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987261_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987261-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1845, a new yard standard was constructed based on two previously existing standards known as A1 and A2, both of which had been made for the Ordnance Survey, and R.S. 46, the yard of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Royal Astronomical Society">Royal Astronomical Society</a>. All three had been compared to the Imperial standard before the fire. </p><p>The new standard was made of Baily's metal No. 4 consisting of 16 parts copper, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> parts tin, and 1 part zinc. It was 38 inches long and 1 inch square. The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1855" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1855">Weights and Measures Act 1855</a> granted official recognition to the new standards. Between 1845 and 1855 forty yard standards were constructed, one of which was selected as the new Imperial standard. Four others, known as 'parliamentary copies', were distributed to the Royal Mint, the Royal Society of London, the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, and the New Palace at Westminster, commonly called the Houses of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Zupko1990_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zupko1990-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other 35 yard standards were distributed to the cities of London, Edinburgh, and Dublin, as well as the United States and other countries (although only the first five had official status).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987264–266_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987264–266-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The imperial standard received by the United States is known as "Bronze Yard No. 11"<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1878" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1878">Weights and Measures Act 1878</a> (<a href="/wiki/41_%26_42_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="41 & 42 Vict.">41 & 42 Vict.</a> c. 49) confirmed the status of the existing yard standard, mandated regular intercomparisons between the several yard standards, and authorized the construction of one additional Parliamentary Copy (made in 1879 and known as Parliamentary Copy VI).<sup id="cite_ref-Britain1878_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britain1878-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition_of_the_yard_in_terms_of_the_meter">Definition of the yard in terms of the meter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Definition of the yard in terms of the meter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subsequent measurements revealed that the yard standard and its copies were shrinking at the rate of one part per million every twenty years due to the gradual release of strain incurred during the fabrication process.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_prototype_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="International prototype meter">international prototype meter</a>, on the other hand, was comparatively stable. A measurement made in 1895 determined the length of the meter at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001393701130000000♠"></span>39.370<span style="margin-left:.25em;">113</span></span> inches relative to the imperial standard yard. The <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_(Metric_System)_Act_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures (Metric System) Act 1897">Weights and Measures (Metric System) Act 1897</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Law_journal_reports_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Law_journal_reports-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/60_%26_61_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="60 & 61 Vict.">60 & 61 Vict.</a> c. 46) in conjunction with Order in Council 411 (1898) made this relationship official. After 1898, the de facto legal definition of the yard came to be accepted as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">36</span>⁄<span class="den"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001393701130000000♠"></span>39.370<span style="margin-left:.25em;">113</span></span></span></span> of a meter. </p><p>The yard (known as the "international yard" in the United States) was legally defined to be exactly 0.9144 <a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">meter</a> in 1959 under an agreement in 1959 between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Astin_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astin-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the UK, the provisions of the treaty were ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1963" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1963">Weights and Measures Act 1963</a>. The Imperial Standard Yard of 1855 was renamed the United Kingdom Primary Standard Yard and retained its official status as the national prototype yard.<sup id="cite_ref-Zupko1990-1963_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zupko1990-1963-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use">Current use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_traffic_sign_2305.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/UK_traffic_sign_2305.svg/170px-UK_traffic_sign_2305.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/UK_traffic_sign_2305.svg/255px-UK_traffic_sign_2305.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/UK_traffic_sign_2305.svg/340px-UK_traffic_sign_2305.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Road signs in the United Kingdom">UK road signs</a>, shorter distances (such as picnic area 150 yards ahead) are given in yards, with longer distances given in <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">miles</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The yard is used as the standard unit of field-length measurement in <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">cricket pitch</a> dimensions,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in some countries, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> fairway measurements. </p><p>There are corresponding units of <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">square yard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">cubic yard</a> respectively. These are sometimes referred to simply as "yards" when no ambiguity is possible, for example an American or Canadian <a href="/wiki/Concrete_mixer" title="Concrete mixer">concrete mixer</a> may be marked with a capacity of "<a href="/wiki/The_whole_nine_yards" title="The whole nine yards">9 yards</a>" or "1.5 yards", where cubic yards are obviously referred to. </p><p>Yards are also used and are the legal requirement on <a href="/wiki/Road_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Road sign">road signs</a> for shorter distances in the United Kingdom, and are also frequently found in conversation between Britons much like in the United States for distance.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textiles_and_fat_quarters">Textiles and fat quarters <span class="anchor" id="Fat_quarter"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Textiles and fat quarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The yard, subdivided into eighths, is used for the purchase of fabrics in the United States and United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and was previously used elsewhere. In the United States the term "fat quarter" is used for a piece of fabric which is half a yard in length cut from a roll and then cut again along the width so that it is only half the width of the roll, thus the same area as a piece of one quarter yard cut from the full width of the roll; these pieces are popular for <a href="/wiki/Patchwork_quilt" title="Patchwork quilt">patchwork and quilting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "fat eighth" is also used, for a piece of one quarter yard from half the roll width, the same area as one eighth cut from the roll.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equivalences">Equivalences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Equivalences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For purposes of measuring cloth, the early yard was divided by the binary method into two, four, eight and sixteen parts.<sup id="cite_ref-The_statutes_at_large-1726_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_statutes_at_large-1726-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two most common divisions were the fourth and sixteenth parts. The quarter of a yard (9 inches) was known as the "quarter" without further qualification, while the sixteenth of a yard (2.25 inches) was called a <a href="/wiki/Nail_(unit)" title="Nail (unit)">nail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold1850_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold1850-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eighth of a yard (4.5 inches) was sometimes called a <a href="/wiki/Finger_(unit)" title="Finger (unit)">finger</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_Americana-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was more commonly referred to simply as an eighth of a yard, while the half-yard (18 inches) was called "half a yard".<sup id="cite_ref-Instructions_for_cutting_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Instructions_for_cutting-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other units related to the yard, but not specific to cloth measurement: two yards are a <a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">fathom</a>, a quarter of a yard (when not referring to cloth) is a <a href="/wiki/Span_(unit)" title="Span (unit)">span</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steen1846_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steen1846-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversions">Conversions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Conversions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>international yard</i> (defined 1959):<sup id="cite_ref-Fenna2002_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenna2002-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Magazines1959_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazines1959-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>1250 (international) yards = 1143 meters</dd> <dd>1 (international) yard = 0.9144 meters (exact)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>1 (international) <a href="/wiki/Statute_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute mile">statute mile</a> = 8 international <a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">furlongs</a> = 80 international <a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">chains</a> = 1760 (international) yards</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>pre-1959 US yard</i> – defined 1869, implemented 1893,<sup id="cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-physics.nist.gov-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deprecated 2023<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>For survey purposes, certain pre-1959 units were retained, usually prefaced by the word "survey," among them the survey inch, <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)#Survey_foot" title="Foot (unit)">survey foot</a>, and survey mile, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Mile#Statute_mile" title="Mile">statute mile</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">rod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">furlong</a> existed only in their pre-1959 form and are thus not prefaced by the word "survey", and were deprecated at the same time as the survey foot. New conversion factors for the rod and furlong as 16.5 international feet and 660 international feet respectively have been published by NIST.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is not clear if a "survey yard" actually exists.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If it did, its hypothetical values would be as follows:</dd> <dd>3937 survey yards = 3600 meters<sup id="cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-physics.nist.gov-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>1 survey yard ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap">0.914<span style="margin-left:0.25em">401</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">83</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">meters</a><sup id="cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-physics.nist.gov-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>1 <a href="/wiki/Mile#U.S._survey" title="Mile">survey mile</a> = 8 <a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">furlongs</a> = 80 <a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">chains</a> = 1760 survey yards</dd></dl> <ul><li>Comparing international yards and survey yards</li></ul> <dl><dd><span data-sort-value="7005500000000000000♠">500,000</span> (international) yards = <span data-sort-value="7005499999000000000♠">499,999</span> survey yards = <span data-sort-value="7005457200000000000♠">457,200</span> meters</dd> <dd>1 (international) yard = <span style="white-space:nowrap">0.999<span style="margin-left:0.25em">998</span></span> survey yards (exact)<sup id="cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-physics.nist.gov-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>1 (international) mile = <span style="white-space:nowrap">0.999<span style="margin-left:0.25em">998</span></span> survey miles(exact)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guz" title="Guz">Guz</a>, the yard of Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_ft_gauge_railways" title="3 ft gauge railways">3 ft gauge railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_customary_units#Vara_(unit_of_length)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish customary units">Vara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardstick" class="mw-redirect" title="Yardstick">Yardstick</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The later Latin gloss <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">virgata terre</i></span> describes it as "branched".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Middle_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle English language">Middle English</a>: <i lang="enm">Thanne drowe I me amonges draperes · my donet to lerne / To drawe þe lyser alonge [·] þe lenger it semed / Amonge þe riche rayes · I rendred a lessoun / To broche hem with a bat-nedle · and plaited hem togyderes / And put hem in a presse · and pyned hem þerinne / Tyl ten ȝerdes or twelue · tolled out threttene</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangland1377Ch.&nbsp;5:ll,_lines&nbsp;211–216_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangland1377Ch.&nbsp;5:ll,_lines&nbsp;211–216-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> Translation: "Then tarried I amongst drapers · my grammar to learn; /To draw the <a href="/wiki/Selvedge" class="mw-redirect" title="Selvedge">selvedge</a> along · the longer it seemed; /Among the rich ranged cloths · rendered a lesson, / To pierce them with a pack-needle · and plait them together, / Put them in a press · and pin them therein / Till ten yards or twelve · had tolled out to thirteen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttwater195738_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttwater195738-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although not originally statutes, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statutes_of_an_uncertain_date&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statutes of an uncertain date (page does not exist)">statutes of an uncertain date</a> were eventually accepted as such with the passage of time.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The following references are useful for identifying the authors of the preceding reference: Ref.,<sup id="cite_ref-Memoir_of_Francis_Baily_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoir_of_Francis_Baily-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ref.,<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Commission_Munutes_1874_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_Munutes_1874-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ref.<sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_Review_Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_Review_Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whose report was referenced in Ref.<sup id="cite_ref-Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the United Kingdom fabric may be sold by the yard if the equivalent metric measure is also given. Major shops sell by the meter.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett20048-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett20048_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett2004">Bennett (2004)</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEwart1862112–113-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEwart1862112–113_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEwart1862">Ewart (1862)</a>, pp. 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/ias/pub-dept/abbreviation.pdf">"Recommended Unit Symbols, SI Prefixes, and Abbreviations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recommended+Unit+Symbols%2C+SI+Prefixes%2C+and+Abbreviations&rft.pub=Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers+%28IEEE%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewh.ieee.org%2Fsoc%2Fias%2Fpub-dept%2Fabbreviation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>BS350:Part 1:1974 Conversion factors and tables Part 1. Basis of tables. Conversion factors</i>. British Standards Institution. 1974. pp. 5, 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BS350%3APart+1%3A1974+Conversion+factors+and+tables+Part+1.+Basis+of+tables.+Conversion+factors&rft.pages=5%2C+100&rft.pub=British+Standards+Institution&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231201_yard,_n.2]"_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED1921">OED (1921)</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/231201">yard, n.2</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorpe184063-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe184063_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe184063_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorpe1840">Thorpe (1840)</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2011:7&version=nrsv">Matthew 11:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangland1377Ch.&nbsp;5:ll,_lines&nbsp;211–216-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangland1377Ch.&nbsp;5:ll,_lines&nbsp;211–216_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangland1377">Langland (1377)</a>, Ch. 5:ll, lines 211–216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttwater195738-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttwater195738_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAttwater1957">Attwater (1957)</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231200_yard,_n.1]"-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry231200_yard,_n.1]"_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED1921">OED (1921)</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/231200">yard, n.1</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry78456_gird,_v.1]"-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED1921"[httpwwwoedcomviewEntry78456_gird,_v.1]"_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED1921">OED (1921)</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78456">gird, v.1</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wI7nAAAAMAAJ"><i>Report from the Select Committee on Weights and Measures; together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and Index</i></a>. London. August 4, 1862.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+from+the+Select+Committee+on+Weights+and+Measures%3B+together+with+the+Proceedings+of+the+Committee%2C+Minutes+of+Evidence%2C+Appendix+and+Index.&rft.place=London&rft.date=1862-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwI7nAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorpe1840">Thorpe (1840)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840113-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorpe1840113_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorpe1840">Thorpe (1840)</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebermann1903204–206-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebermann1903204–206_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiebermann1903">Liebermann (1903)</a>, p. 204–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiles1866445-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiles1866445_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiles1866">Giles 1866</a>, p. 445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen1986106-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen1986106_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen1986">Green (1986)</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson191036–39-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson191036–39_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatson1910">Watson (1910)</a>, pp. 36–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987xxiv-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987xxiv_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987xxiv_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConnor1987">Connor (1987)</a>, p. xxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuffhead1765421-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuffhead1765421_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuffhead1765">Ruffhead (1765)</a>, p. 421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><abbr title="British Library">BL</abbr> Cotton <abbr title="manuscript">MS</abbr> Claudius D2, cited and translated in <a href="/wiki/Statutes_at_Large#England_and_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutes at Large">Ruffhead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuffhead1765421_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuffhead1765421-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1884276-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1884276_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler1884">Fowler (1884)</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatutes1824349-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatutes1824349_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStatutes1824">Statutes (1824)</a>, p. 349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">5 Geo. 4. c. 74, §24.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatutes1824349_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatutes1824349-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statutes_at_large-1439-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statutes_at_large-1439_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tKZFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA594"><i>Statutes at Large</i></a>. 1763. p. 594.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statutes+at+Large&rft.pages=594&rft.date=1763&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtKZFAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConnor1987">Connor (1987)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen_Ruffhead1763" class="citation book cs1">Owen Ruffhead, ed. (1763). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2KZFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA442"><i>The statutes at large</i></a>. Vol. 2. p. 442.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+statutes+at+large&rft.pages=442&rft.date=1763&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2KZFAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_BritainPickering1763" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain; <a href="/wiki/Danby_Pickering" title="Danby Pickering">Pickering, Danby</a> (1763). Danby Pickering (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dvouAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA96"><i>The statutes at large</i></a>. Vol. 6. Printed by J. Bentham. p. 96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+statutes+at+large&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Printed+by+J.+Bentham&rft.date=1763&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft.au=Pickering%2C+Danby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdvouAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_BritainPickering1763" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain; <a href="/wiki/Danby_Pickering" title="Danby Pickering">Pickering, Danby</a> (1763). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dvouAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA444"><i>The statutes at large</i></a>. Vol. 6. Printed by J. Bentham. p. 444.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+statutes+at+large&rft.pages=444&rft.pub=Printed+by+J.+Bentham&rft.date=1763&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft.au=Pickering%2C+Danby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdvouAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(sir.)museum1863-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-(sir.)museum1863_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonVictoria_and_Albert_museum1863" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Sir John Charles; <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert museum</a> (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c_cGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA452"><i>Catalogue of the special exhibition of works of art of the mediæval, Renaissance, and more recent periods, on loan at the South Kensington museum, June 1862</i></a>. Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, printers to the Queen's most excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 452.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+special+exhibition+of+works+of+art+of+the+medi%C3%A6val%2C+Renaissance%2C+and+more+recent+periods%2C+on+loan+at+the+South+Kensington+museum%2C+June+1862&rft.pages=452&rft.pub=Printed+by+George+E.+Eyre+and+William+Spottiswoode%2C+printers+to+the+Queen%27s+most+excellent+Majesty.+For+Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Sir+John+Charles&rft.au=Victoria+and+Albert+museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc_cGAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hazlitt1892-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hazlitt1892_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Carew_Hazlitt1892" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Carew_Hazlitt" title="William Carew Hazlitt">William Carew Hazlitt</a> (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liverycompanieso00hazl"><i>The livery companies of the city of London: their origin, character, development, and social and political importance</i></a>. S. Sonnenschein & co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liverycompanieso00hazl/page/280">280</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+livery+companies+of+the+city+of+London%3A+their+origin%2C+character%2C+development%2C+and+social+and+political+importance&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=S.+Sonnenschein+%26+co.&rft.date=1892&rft.au=William+Carew+Hazlitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliverycompanieso00hazl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clode1888-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clode1888_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClode1888" class="citation book cs1">Clode, Charles Mathew (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyhistorygui02clodgoog"><i>The early history of the Guild of merchant taylors of the fraternity of St. John the Baptist, London: with notices of the lives of some of its eminent members</i></a>. Harrison. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyhistorygui02clodgoog/page/n147">128</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+early+history+of+the+Guild+of+merchant+taylors+of+the+fraternity+of+St.+John+the+Baptist%2C+London%3A+with+notices+of+the+lives+of+some+of+its+eminent+members&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Harrison&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Clode&rft.aufirst=Charles+Mathew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlyhistorygui02clodgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commons1873-34-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Commons1873-34_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarden_of_the_Standards1873" class="citation book cs1">Warden of the Standards (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eCtcAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA34"><i>Seventh annual report of the Warden of the Standards, on the proceedings and business of the standard weights and measures department of the Board of Trade, for 1872–73, Appendix III</i></a>. Vol. 38. House of Commons. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seventh+annual+report+of+the+Warden+of+the+Standards%2C+on+the+proceedings+and+business+of+the+standard+weights+and+measures+department+of+the+Board+of+Trade%2C+for+1872%E2%80%9373%2C+Appendix+III&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1873&rft.au=Warden+of+the+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeCtcAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span> (pp 374 of book)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commons1873-25-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Commons1873-25_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarden_of_the_Standards1873" class="citation book cs1">Warden of the Standards (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eCtcAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA34"><i>Seventh annual report of the Warden of the Standards, on the proceedings and business of the standard weights and measures department of the Board of Trade, for 1872–73, Appendix III</i></a>. Vol. 38. House of Commons. p. 25,26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seventh+annual+report+of+the+Warden+of+the+Standards%2C+on+the+proceedings+and+business+of+the+standard+weights+and+measures+department+of+the+Board+of+Trade%2C+for+1872%E2%80%9373%2C+Appendix+III&rft.pages=25%2C26&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1873&rft.au=Warden+of+the+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeCtcAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span> (pp 364,365 of book)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knight-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-knight_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knight_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knight_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knight_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1840" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Charles (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-BHnAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Penny magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 9</i></a>. London: Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. pp. 221–2. <q>In 1758 the legislature turned attention to this subject; and after some investigations on the comparative lengths of the various standards, ordered a rod to be made of brass, about 38 or 39 inches long, and graduated from the Royal Society's yard: this was marked "Standard Yard, 1758," and was laid by in the care of the clerk of the House of Commons. For commercial purposes another bar was made, with the yard marked off from the same standard; but it had two upright fixed cheeks, placed exactly a yard asunder, between which any commercial yard measures might be placed, in order to have their accuracy tested: it was graduated into feet, one of the feet into inches, and one of the inches into ten parts. This standard was to be kept at the Exchequer. In 1760, a copy of Bird's standard, made two years before, was constructed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penny+magazine+of+the+Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge%2C+Volume+9&rft.place=London&rft.pages=221-2&rft.pub=Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-BHnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wade1905-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wade1905_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert_Treadwell_Wade1905" class="citation book cs1">Herbert Treadwell Wade (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O4RRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA405"><i>The New international encyclopaedia</i></a>. Dodd, Mead and company. p. 405.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+international+encyclopaedia&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+company&rft.date=1905&rft.au=Herbert+Treadwell+Wade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO4RRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowling1872-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dowling1872_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Hutton_Dowling1872" class="citation book cs1">Charles Hutton Dowling (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aseriesmetricta00dowlgoog"><i>A series of metric tables: in which the British standard measures and weights are compared with those of the metric system at present in use on the continent</i></a>. Lockwood. pp. xii–iii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+series+of+metric+tables%3A+in+which+the+British+standard+measures+and+weights+are+compared+with+those+of+the+metric+system+at+present+in+use+on+the+continent&rft.pages=xii-iii&rft.pub=Lockwood&rft.date=1872&rft.au=Charles+Hutton+Dowling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faseriesmetricta00dowlgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britain1824-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britain1824_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain1824" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain (1824). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk02britgoog"><i>The statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1807–1865)</i></a>. His Majesty's statute and law printers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk02britgoog/page/n373">339</a>–354.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+statutes+of+the+United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland+%281807%E2%80%931865%29&rft.pages=339-354&rft.pub=His+Majesty%27s+statute+and+law+printers&rft.date=1824&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatutesunitedk02britgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiryBailyBethuneHerschel1841" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">Airy, G. B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_Baily" title="Francis Baily">Baily, F.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Elliot_Drinkwater_Bethune" title="John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune">Bethune, J. E. D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">Herschel, J. F. W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Shaw_Lefevre" title="John Shaw Lefevre">Lefevre, J. G. S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Lubbock,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Lubbock, 3rd Baronet">Lubbock, J. W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/George_Peacock" title="George Peacock">G. Peacock</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sheepshanks" title="Richard Sheepshanks">Sheepshanks, R.</a> (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4xVSAAAAcAAJ">Report of the Commissioners appointed to consider the steps to be taken for restoration of the standards of weight & measure</a> (Report). London: W. Clowes and Sons for Her Majesty's Stationery Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2020</span>. <q>We shall in the first place describe the state of the Standards recovered from the ruins of the House of Commons, as ascertained in our inspection of them made on 1st June, 1838, at the Journal Office… No. 1. A brass bar marked "Standard [G. II. crown emblem] Yard, 1758," which on examination was found to have its right hand stud perfect, with the point and line visible, but with its left hand stud completely melted out, a hole only remaining. The bar was somewhat bent, and discoloured in every part. No. 2. A brass bar with a projecting cock at each end, forming a bed for the trial of yard-measures; discoloured. No. 3. A brass bar marked "Standard [G. II. crown emblem] Yard, 1760," from which the left hand stud was completely melted out, and which in other respects was in the same condition as No. 1. No. 4. A yard-bed similar to No. 2; discoloured. … It appears from this list that the bar adopted in the Act 5th Geo. IV., cap. 74, sect. 1, for the legal standard of one yard, (No. 3 of the preceding list), is so far injured, that it is impossible to ascertain from it, with the most moderate accuracy, the statutable length of one yard. … We have therefore to report that it is absolutely necessary that steps be taken for the formation and legalizing of new Standards of Length and Weight.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Commissioners+appointed+to+consider+the+steps+to+be+taken+for+restoration+of+the+standards+of+weight+%26+measure&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+Clowes+and+Sons+for+Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Airy&rft.aufirst=G.+B.&rft.au=Baily%2C+F.&rft.au=Bethune%2C+J.+E.+D.&rft.au=Herschel%2C+J.+F.+W.&rft.au=Lefevre%2C+J.+G.+S.&rft.au=Lubbock%2C+J.+W.&rft.au=G.+Peacock&rft.au=Sheepshanks%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4xVSAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memoir_of_Francis_Baily-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Memoir_of_Francis_Baily_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._F._W._Herschel1845" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">J. F. W. Herschel</a> (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VBxkAAAAcAAJ&q=%22members+%28Mr.+Baily+being+one%29+to+report%22&pg=PA23">Memoir of Francis Baily, Esq</a> (Report). London: Moyes and Barclay. pp. 23–24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Memoir+of+Francis+Baily%2C+Esq&rft.place=London&rft.pages=23-24&rft.pub=Moyes+and+Barclay&rft.date=1845&rft.au=J.+F.+W.+Herschel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVBxkAAAAcAAJ%26q%3D%2522members%2B%2528Mr.%2BBaily%2Bbeing%2Bone%2529%2Bto%2Breport%2522%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal_Commission_Munutes_1874-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Commission_Munutes_1874_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VBxkAAAAcAAJ&q=%22members+%28Mr.+Baily+being+one%29+to+report%22&pg=PA23">Royal commission on scientific instruction and the advancement of science: Minutes of evidence, appendices, and analyses of evidence, Vol. II</a> (Report). London: George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode Printers of the queen's most excellent majesty for Her Majesty's Stationery officer. 1874. p. 184<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Royal+commission+on+scientific+instruction+and+the+advancement+of+science%3A+Minutes+of+evidence%2C+appendices%2C+and+analyses+of+evidence%2C+Vol.+II&rft.place=London&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=George+Edward+Eyre+and+William+Spottiswoode+Printers+of+the+queen%27s+most+excellent+majesty+for+Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+officer&rft.date=1874&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVBxkAAAAcAAJ%26q%3D%2522members%2B%2528Mr.%2BBaily%2Bbeing%2Bone%2529%2Bto%2Breport%2522%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh_Review_Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_Review_Report_on_Restoration_of_Standards_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2S84AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA228">"Art. VIII.—<i>Report of the Commissioners appointed to consider the steps to be taken for restoration of the standards of weight and measure.</i> Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of her Majesty, 1841."</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Review#Edinburgh_Review,_1802–1929" title="Edinburgh Review">The Edinburgh Review</a></i>, vol. 77, no. February 1843 … April 1843, Edinburgh: Ballantyne and Hughes, p. 228, 1843</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edinburgh+Review&rft.atitle=Art.+VIII.%E2%80%94Report+of+the+Commissioners+appointed+to+consider+the+steps+to+be+taken+for+restoration+of+the+standards+of+weight+and+measure.+Presented+to+both+Houses+of+Parliament+by+Command+of+her+Majesty%2C+1841.&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=February+1843+%E2%80%A6+April+1843&rft.pages=228&rft.date=1843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2S84AQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987261-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987261_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConnor1987">Connor 1987</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zupko1990-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zupko1990_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZupko1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Edward_Zupko" title="Ronald Edward Zupko">Zupko, Ronald Edward</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC"><i>Revolution in measurement: Western European weights and measures since the age of science</i></a>. American Philosophical Society. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC/page/n195">183</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-186-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-186-6"><bdi>978-0-87169-186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+measurement%3A+Western+European+weights+and+measures+since+the+age+of+science&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-186-6&rft.aulast=Zupko&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor1987264–266-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor1987264–266_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConnor1987">Connor 1987</a>, p. 264–266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234926/http://museum.nist.gov/object.asp?ObjID=17">"NIST museum collection"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.nist.gov/object.asp?ObjID=17">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NIST+museum+collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.nist.gov%2Fobject.asp%3FObjID%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britain1878-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britain1878_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain1878" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge15unkngoog"><i>Statutes at large</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge15unkngoog/page/n320">308</a>–341.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statutes+at+large&rft.pages=308-341&rft.date=1878&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatutesatlarge15unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nisltd.co.uk/asp/default.aspx?page=history_of_calibration">"History of Calibration"</a>. Norwich Instrument Services. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Calibration&rft.pub=Norwich+Instrument+Services&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisltd.co.uk%2Fasp%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpage%3Dhistory_of_calibration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emtoolbox.nist.gov/Publications/NISTMonograph180.pdf">"The Gauge Block Handbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gauge+Block+Handbook&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology+%28NIST%29&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femtoolbox.nist.gov%2FPublications%2FNISTMonograph180.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Law_journal_reports-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Law_journal_reports_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMews1897" class="citation book cs1">Mews, John, ed. (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4icyAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA109">"Statutes of the Realm – 60–61 Victoria"</a>. <i>The Law journal reports</i>. Vol. 66. London: The Law Journal Reports. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Statutes+of+the+Realm+%E2%80%93+60%E2%80%9361+Victoria&rft.btitle=The+Law+journal+reports&rft.place=London&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=The+Law+Journal+Reports&rft.date=1897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4icyAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astin-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Astin_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. V. Astin & H. Arnold Karo, (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/FedRegister/FRdoc59-5442.pdf"><i>Refinement of values for the yard and the pound</i></a>, Washington DC: <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Standards">National Bureau of Standards</a>, republished on <a href="/wiki/National_Geodetic_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a> web site and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a> (Doc. 59-5442, Filed, June 30, 1959, 8:45 a.m.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zupko1990-1963-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zupko1990-1963_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Edward_Zupko1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Edward_Zupko" title="Ronald Edward Zupko">Ronald Edward Zupko</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC"><i>Revolution in measurement: Western European weights and measures since the age of science</i></a>. American Philosophical Society. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC/page/n444">432</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-186-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-186-6"><bdi>978-0-87169-186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+measurement%3A+Western+European+weights+and+measures+since+the+age+of+science&rft.pages=432&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-186-6&rft.au=Ronald+Edward+Zupko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72/schedule/2">Weights and Measures Act 1985 Baily's Metal. Parliamentary Copy (VI) of the Imperial Standard Yard. 41 & 42 Victoria, Chapter 49. Standard Yard at 62° Faht. Cast in 1878</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getintoamericanfootball.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=26">American Football pitch dimensions</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportsknowhow.com/football/field-dimensions/canadian-cfl-football-field-dimensions.html">Canadian Football Pitch dimensions</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4200666.stm">Association Football pitch dimensions</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/cricket/rules/the_basics/newsid_3795000/3795261.stm">Cricket pitch dimensions</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Driving Standards Agency (1999), <i>The Highway Code</i>, London: The Stationery Office, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-551977-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-551977-7">0-11-551977-7</a>, pp. 74–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenn2006" class="citation book cs1">Penn, Sue (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3spnT1nbesYC&pg=PA6">"What are Fat Quarters?"</a>. <i>Fat Quarter Quilting</i>. Krause Publications Craft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780896891715" title="Special:BookSources/9780896891715"><bdi>9780896891715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+are+Fat+Quarters%3F&rft.btitle=Fat+Quarter+Quilting&rft.pub=Krause+Publications+Craft&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780896891715&rft.aulast=Penn&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3spnT1nbesYC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoder2014" class="citation book cs1">Yoder, Corey (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-zgEAwAAQBAJ&q=fat+eighth&pg=PA23">"Fat Eighth Bundles"</a>. <i>Playful Petals: Learn Simple, Fusible Appliqué</i>. C&T Publishing. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781607057987" title="Special:BookSources/9781607057987"><bdi>9781607057987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fat+Eighth+Bundles&rft.btitle=Playful+Petals%3A+Learn+Simple%2C+Fusible+Appliqu%C3%A9&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=C%26T+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781607057987&rft.aulast=Yoder&rft.aufirst=Corey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zgEAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfat%2Beighth%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_statutes_at_large-1726-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_statutes_at_large-1726_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaRFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA631"><i>The statutes at large</i></a>. 1763. p. 631.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+statutes+at+large&rft.pages=631&rft.date=1763&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZaRFAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arnold1850-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arnold1850_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Arnold1850" class="citation book cs1">Charles Arnold (1850). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boysarithmetic00arnogoog"><i>The boy's arithmetic</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boysarithmetic00arnogoog/page/n62">54</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+boy%27s+arithmetic&rft.pages=54&rft.date=1850&rft.au=Charles+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fboysarithmetic00arnogoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_Americana-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BagrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA165"><i>The Encyclopedia Americana</i></a>. Encyclopedia Americana Corp. 1920. p. 165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Americana+Corp.&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBagrAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Instructions_for_cutting-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Instructions_for_cutting_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b2875606x"><i>Instructions for cutting out apparel for the poor</i></a>. Sold by J. 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Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofweig0000fenn/page/130">130</a>–1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860522-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860522-5"><bdi>978-0-19-860522-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+weights%2C+measures%2C+and+units&rft.pages=130-1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002-10-26&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860522-5&rft.au=Donald+Fenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofweig0000fenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magazines1959-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Magazines1959_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vtsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA248">"Popular Mechanics"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. 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Has the imperial inch been adjusted to give this exact fit and if so when?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)">National Physical Laboratory</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+what+basis+is+one+inch+exactly+equal+to+25.4+mm%3F+Has+the+imperial+inch+been+adjusted+to+give+this+exact+fit+and+if+so+when%3F&rft.pub=National+Physical+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npl.co.uk%2Freference%2Ffaqs%2Fon-what-basis-is-one-inch-exactly-equal-to-25.4-mm-has-the-imperial-inch-been-adjusted-to-give-this-exact-fit-and-if-so-when-%28faq-length%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-physics.nist.gov-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-physics.nist.gov_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB.html">NIST Guide to the SI – section B.6 U.S. survey foot and mile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/us-surveyfoot">"U.S. Survey Foot"</a>. <i>National Institute of Standards and Technology</i>. 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January 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=U.S.+Survey+Foot%3A+Revised+Unit+Conversion+Factors&rft.date=2023-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fus-surveyfoot%2Frevised-unit-conversion-factors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/h44-12.cfm">NIST Handbook 44 – 2012 Appendix C "General Tables of Units of Measurement" page C-5</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttwater1957" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Langland" title="William Langland">Langland, William</a> (1957), <i>The Book Concerning Piers the Plowman</i>, Translated by Rachel Attwater & al., London: J.M. 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Baskett</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statutes+at+Large&rft.place=London&rft.pub=M.+Baskett&rft.date=1765&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUn1RAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatutes1824" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WLouAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA349"><i>The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1807–1865)</i></a>, His Majesty's statute and law printers, 1824</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statutes+of+the+United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland+%281807%E2%80%931865%29&rft.pub=His+Majesty%27s+statute+and+law+printers&rft.date=1824&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWLouAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe1840" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thorpe" title="Benjamin Thorpe">Thorpe, Benjamin</a> (1840), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QIdCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA113">"The Laws of King Edgar"</a>, <i>Ancient Laws and Institutes of England; Comprising Laws enacted under the Anglo-Saxon Kings from Æthelbirht to Cnut, With an English Translation of the Saxon; The Laws called Edward the Confessor's; The Laws of William the Conqueror, and those ascribed to Henry the First: Also, Monumenta Ecclesiastica Anglicana, From the Seventh to the Tenth Century; And the Ancient Latin Version of the Anglo-Saxon Laws. With a Compendious Glossary, &c.</i>, London: Commissioners of the Public Records of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Kingdom</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Laws+of+King+Edgar&rft.btitle=Ancient+Laws+and+Institutes+of+England%3B+Comprising+Laws+enacted+under+the+Anglo-Saxon+Kings+from+%C3%86thelbirht+to+Cnut%2C+With+an+English+Translation+of+the+Saxon%3B+The+Laws+called+Edward+the+Confessor%27s%3B+The+Laws+of+William+the+Conqueror%2C+and+those+ascribed+to+Henry+the+First%3A+Also%2C+Monumenta+Ecclesiastica+Anglicana%2C+From+the+Seventh+to+the+Tenth+Century%3B+And+the+Ancient+Latin+Version+of+the+Anglo-Saxon+Laws.+With+a+Compendious+Glossary%2C+%26c.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Commissioners+of+the+Public+Records+of+the+Kingdom&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIdCAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span>. <span class="languageicon">(in Old English)</span> & <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span> & <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1910" class="citation cs2">Watson, Charles Moore (1910), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishweightsme00watsuoft"><i>British Weights and Measures as Described in the Laws of England from Anglo-Saxon Times</i></a>, London: John Murray</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Weights+and+Measures+as+Described+in+the+Laws+of+England+from+Anglo-Saxon+Times&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Charles+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishweightsme00watsuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/yard" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/yard"><i>yard</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial_units" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_units" title="Template:Imperial units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial_units" title="Template talk:Imperial units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_units" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial units</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison with US customary system</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">Thousandth of an inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barleycorn_(unit)" title="Barleycorn (unit)">Barleycorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">Fathom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain" title="Gunter's chain">Gunter's chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_length" title="Cable length">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">Nautical mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">Square yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch_(area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perch (area)">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood_(unit)" title="Rood (unit)">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">Square mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">Cubic foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoppus" title="Hoppus">Hoppus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">Cubic yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">Cubic mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmcft" title="Tmcft">Tmcft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaspoon" title="Teaspoon">Teaspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">Tablespoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_(unit)" title="Cup (unit)">Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">Pint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">Quart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_gallon" title="Trade gallon">Trade gallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldron" title="Chaldron">Chaldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">Minim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(unit)" title="Gill (unit)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scruple_(unit)" title="Scruple (unit)">Fluid Scruple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Fluid Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck" title="Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">Bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuck_(unit)" title="Stuck (unit)">Stuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogshead" title="Hogshead">Hogshead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">Miles per hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">Ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Pound (mass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_(unit)" title="Stone (unit)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(unit)" title="Quarter (unit)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit)" title="Slug (unit)">Slug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hundred" title="Long hundred">Long hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">Hundredweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_load" title="Ship load">Ship load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Ton">Ton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (unit)">Ksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pounds per square inch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units and measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">Rankine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">Foot-candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-pound_(energy)" title="Foot-pound (energy)">Foot-pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-poundal" title="Foot-poundal">Foot-poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower-hour" title="Horsepower-hour">Horsepower-hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenning (unit)">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">Pound (force)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound-foot_(torque)" title="Pound-foot (torque)">Pound-foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poundal" title="Poundal">Poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Span_(unit)" title="Span (unit)">Span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_count" title="Spinning count">Spinning count</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Standards" title="Exchequer Standards">Exchequer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_units" class="mw-redirect" title="English Engineering units">English Engineering units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot–pound–second system">Foot–pound–second system (FPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">Twenty-foot equivalent unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_customary_units" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Template:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Template talk:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_customary_units" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">United States customary units</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison with imperial unit system</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">Thousandth of an inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">Mile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute mile">statute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">Square yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">Square mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">Cubic foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">Cubic yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">Cubic mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaspoon" title="Teaspoon">Teaspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">Tablespoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_(unit)" title="Cup (unit)">Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">Pint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">Quart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wood</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_foot" title="Board foot">Board foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(unit)" title="Cord (unit)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_cord" title="Face cord">Face cord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">Minim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(unit)" title="Gill (unit)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck" title="Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">Bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">Acre-foot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feet_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Feet per second">Feet per second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">Miles per hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Dram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">Ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">Hundredweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">Ton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">Short</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poundal" title="Poundal">Poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">Pound-force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kip_(unit)" title="Kip (unit)">Kip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">Inch of mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pounds per square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (unit)">Kilopounds per square inch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units and measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)" title="Bolt (cloth)">Bolt (cloth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree (angle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">Foot-candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-lambert" title="Foot-lambert">Foot-lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-pound_(energy)" title="Foot-pound (energy)">Foot-pound (energy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_(unit)" title="Perm (unit)">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound-foot_(torque)" title="Pound-foot (torque)">Pound-foot (torque)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_count" title="Spinning count">Spinning count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton_of_refrigeration" title="Ton of refrigeration">Ton of refrigeration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_wire_gauge" title="American wire gauge">American wire gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_jewelry_sizes" title="Body jewelry sizes">Body jewelry sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_Units" title="English Engineering Units">English Engineering Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Foot–pound–second system of units">Foot–pound–second system of units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yard&oldid=1258024121">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yard&oldid=1258024121</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_length" title="Category:Units of length">Units of length</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Imperial_units" title="Category:Imperial units">Imperial units</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Customary_units_of_measurement_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Customary units of measurement 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