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Social media coverage of the Olympics - Wikipedia
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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_Rio_Summer_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>2016 Rio Summer Olympics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_Rio_Summer_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_Tokyo_Summer_Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_Tokyo_Summer_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_Tokyo_Summer_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/220px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/330px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/440px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a><figcaption>Olympic Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the years, television broadcast rights have distinguished what Olympic-related content can be accessed by fans online. By doing so, mobile-friendly social platforms began to integrate into the Olympics. Athletes and fans use these platforms to share live updates, special moments, and behind-the-scenes specials.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rise of social video and social broadcasting technology has provided a huge opportunity for Olympic athletes, teams, and sponsors to bring coverage to fans like never before. Olympic-related content has infiltrated all forms of social media, including Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. It is expected to expand in the coming years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Olympics is able to advertise to its viewers and its host country with the use of data it collects through <a href="/wiki/Social_media_marketing" title="Social media marketing">Social media marketing</a>. Prominent <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of social networking websites">social media platforms</a> include: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr, YouTube, Google, MSN, Yahoo and many more. Campaign Initiatives and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a> technologies have been used to analyze the social media content of users. Information from consumers such as their preferences, demographics, age and locality are all analyzed to gain <a href="/wiki/Customer_insight" title="Customer insight">consumer insight</a>. Campaign initiatives and AI technologies were used for such purposes in the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics and are in use currently.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social media marketing of the Olympics is a new phenomena, beginning prior to the 2008 Beijing Olympics<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two classifications of social media marketing recognized by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a>: </p> <ul><li>Officially sanctioned content from rights holders and sponsors that maximizes the use of Olympic content (imagery, <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a>)</li> <li>Unofficial content that is generated by brands that leverage the excitement of the Olympics<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2008_Beijing_Summer_Olympics">2008 Beijing Summer Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social media marketing emerged as a phenomenon during the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which progressed as a marketing and an advertising tactic ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-developt&f_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-developt&f-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beijing Olympics became the test subject for social media marketing initiatives started by advertising agencies. In 2008, social media marketing began the transition from one-sided communication to <a href="/wiki/Mass_communication" title="Mass communication">mass communication</a> of the Olympic Games. Although social media marketing of the Olympic Games began in 2008, the audience to the Olympics was still primarily reached through television–reaching an audience of 4.3 billion viewers. At the time, the viewers of the Olympic Games through Internet website platforms made up an audience of approximately 390 million individuals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>What was the beginning of Olympic social media marketing, was also the beginning of a more globalized experience of the Olympic Games via social media. Twitter, now a prominent social media platform, began in 2006 and grew to three million active users by the beginning of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Members of Facebook, another prominent social media platform, tracking the Olympic Games grew from approximately one million during the Olympic Games of Athens 2004 to 90 million during the 2008 Beijing Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-developt&f_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-developt&f-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social media use, in general, increased by 24 percent between 2007 and 2008–from 63 percent of U.S. adults to 87 percent of U.S. adults.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010_Vancouver_Winter_Olympics">2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The International Olympic Committee (IOC) deemed The <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">Vancouver Winter Olympics</a> as "the first social media games” based on its fan base through social media platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouver2010first_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouver2010first-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IOC launched their <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page a month before the games began, attracting 1.5 million fans. Shifting to online viewing attracted a younger audience than past Olympic games with over 60 percent of Facebook fans being under 24 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouver2010first_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouver2010first-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaun_White_27913015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Shaun_White_27913015.jpg/220px-Shaun_White_27913015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Shaun_White_27913015.jpg/330px-Shaun_White_27913015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Shaun_White_27913015.jpg/440px-Shaun_White_27913015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Shaun White</figcaption></figure> <p>Athletes like <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Vonn" title="Lindsey Vonn">Lindsey Vonn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaun_White" title="Shaun White">Shaun White</a> reached fans on social media as the platform posted behind-the-scenes coverage on their experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouver2010first_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouver2010first-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IOC used social media to create competitions between athletes and fans streamed online. Its <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel hosted a “Best of Us” challenge in which the public could compete in games with their favorite athletes, acquiring three million viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouver2010first_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouver2010first-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Photos spread across social media platforms, such as <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a>, which had 11,000 photos posted by 600 photographers, bringing a new perspective to the games.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouver2010first_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouver2010first-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> contributed constant live updates of the competitions. The IOC's Twitter following doubled to 12,000 followers during the Vancouver Olympics, creating a larger viewer population for the games.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouver2010first_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouver2010first-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IOC created social media guidelines as more athletes and fans got online to interact with the Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-wired.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social media was still relatively new as a marketing platform, so these guidelines confused many individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-wired.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2012_London_Summer_Olympics">2012 London Summer Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2012 London Summer Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The London 2012 Olympic Games succeeded in <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a>, participation and marketing. For the first time, the IOC broadcast the Olympic Games live and on-demand through YouTube,<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_Marketing_Report_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC_Marketing_Report-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing fans to access the Games anytime, anywhere through <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">live streaming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worldarchery_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worldarchery-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combination of conventional broadcasting and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile platforms</a> reached a global audience of 4.8 billion people.<sup id="cite_ref-Worldarchery_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worldarchery-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a> soared with Facebook, Twitter and <a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a>, attracting 4.7 million followers. Athletes shared photographs, interacted online with fans and updated daily, either in person or via an agent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instagram was established by 2012, making itself a premier photo-sharing platform perfect for athletes to capture their emotions.<sup id="cite_ref-howriochanged_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howriochanged-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewis Wiltshire, head of sport for Twitter UK said, "Never before have fans had such direct access to their sporting heroes."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usain_BoltLondon2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Usain_BoltLondon2012.jpg/220px-Usain_BoltLondon2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Usain_BoltLondon2012.jpg/330px-Usain_BoltLondon2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Usain_BoltLondon2012.jpg/440px-Usain_BoltLondon2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="2565" /></a><figcaption>Usain BoltLondon2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Social media created conversation on fan opinions regarding athletes, including 962,756 total mentions of <a href="/wiki/Usain_Bolt" title="Usain Bolt">Usain Bolt</a>, “Fastest Man in History,” who defended the 100 meter and 200 meter gold medals. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Phelps" title="Michael Phelps">Michael Phelps</a> followed with 828,081 total mentions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Olympic sponsors were active on social media; created several campaigns to promote their brands; and inspired viewers with mass participation and personalized events.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> “Take the Stage” Campaign recognized talent around the world, installing a <a href="/wiki/Photo_booth" title="Photo booth">photo booth</a> and inviting the 550 Olympics athletes to take the stage. (IOC Marketing Report 2012). <a href="/wiki/David_Beckham" title="David Beckham">David Beckham</a> surprised fans at the photo booth in Westfield shopping centre, gaining popularity in UK media. <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa Inc.</a> and several others used similar tactics of participation to attract viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_Marketing_Report_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC_Marketing_Report-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2014_Sochi_Winter_Olympics">2014 Sochi Winter Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channels">Channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Winter Olympic Games">2014 Winter Olympic Games</a> were held in <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a>, a city in <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar Krai</a>, Russia, establishing the first “social media Olympics” for Russia. The most popular Russian social media and networking service, <a href="/wiki/VKontakte" class="mw-redirect" title="VKontakte">VK</a>, created an Olympic page, similar to Facebook's. The Olympic VK page has 2.8 million fans and—the most popular official community on the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-sochicool_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochicool-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the games, VK had 54 million Olympic mentions, an average of 1.5 million per day.<sup id="cite_ref-sochicool_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochicool-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numbers grew on other social media pages: more than 2 million fans joined the Olympic Facebook page, 168,101 followed the Olympic Twitter, 150,000 followed the Olympic Instagram and three million visited the Olympic website in February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-sochicool_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochicool-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 90,000 total updates on social media by Sochi 2014 Olympians and teams. The United States was the most active country during the games logging 22,598 posts across Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.<sup id="cite_ref-sochicool_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochicool-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engagement">Engagement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Engagement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With social media there is also hashtags. The most popular hashtag was #sochi2014 with almost 11,000 uses. The next top five hashtags were #wearewinter, #teamusa, #olympics, #goaus and #wirfuerD.<sup id="cite_ref-sochiportrayed_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochiportrayed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another popular hashtag was #Sochiproblems, depicting local struggles. Photos of the poor state of Sochi on all platforms made the games the number one trending topic one week before the opening ceremony. #SochiFail and #SochiProblems gave multiple reports of the poor living arrangements, incomplete construction, broken elevators, and polluted waters. This was one way that social media provided awareness to its users.<sup id="cite_ref-sochiportrayed_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochiportrayed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_Perceptions">Media Perceptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Media Perceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Media perceptions varied during the games; the Olympics was viewed as a confrontation between Eastern and Western Civilizations. The <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community took a stand against the games. Sponsors for the games including Coca-Cola, Mcdonald's, and <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">P&G</a> protested against Russian authorities and Russian anti-LGBT laws.<sup id="cite_ref-sochiportrayed_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochiportrayed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many protests took a stand against Russian laws, which created a discussion between human rights advocates. Advocates believed organizations should not promote certain values in western markets while supporting an anti-human rights government in another market.<sup id="cite_ref-sochiportrayed_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sochiportrayed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2016_Rio_Summer_Olympics">2016 Rio Summer Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2016 Rio Summer Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Bach_(13951010204).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Thomas_Bach_%2813951010204%29.jpg/220px-Thomas_Bach_%2813951010204%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Thomas_Bach_%2813951010204%29.jpg/330px-Thomas_Bach_%2813951010204%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Thomas_Bach_%2813951010204%29.jpg/440px-Thomas_Bach_%2813951010204%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="2613" /></a><figcaption>Thomas Bach</figcaption></figure> <p>Social media marketing was an influential tool in the promotion and analysis of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio Olympics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bach" title="Thomas Bach">Thomas Bach</a>, President of the International Olympic Committee said that the power of sport demonstrates that diversity and <a href="/wiki/Interconnectivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Interconnectivity">interconnectedness</a> can enlighten us all.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc-rio_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-rio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With over 25,000+ sources of accredited media covering the games, the 2016 games were the most consumed Olympic games to date.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc-rio_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-rio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marketing for the Rio Olympics began in 2013 and ultimately lasted 3 years. There were 26 million visits to Olympic.org, the official website of the Olympic games, and over 7 billion views of official Olympic content on social media.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc-rio_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-rio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were over 270 digital media platforms covering the games and active engagement throughout various social media platforms including Facebook and Twitter.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc-rio_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-rio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twitter saw over 187 million tweets inspired by the Rio Olympics, a 24.6 percent increase from the 2012 Summer Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-how2016change_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how2016change-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 187 million tweets generated nearly 75 billion Twitter impressions.<sup id="cite_ref-how2016change_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how2016change-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is important to note that throughout this same period, Twitter nearly doubled in size in terms of users, suggesting that there could have been an even larger growth in Twitter engagement. The hashtag, #Rio2016 was official content created by the IOC to generate buzz and encourage engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Facebook saw 277 million people interact 1.5 billion times regarding the 2016 games.<sup id="cite_ref-how2016change_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how2016change-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparatively to the London games, which saw 116 million posts, there was a significant increase in interaction. Facebook also used the Rio Olympics to debut their Sponsored Photo Frame aspect as an alternative method of advertising revenue and marketing outreach. The idea behind this innovation was to present a new advertising opportunity for the platform and to encourage alternative interaction in a similar way to which <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a> uses paid and sponsored <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Snapchat" title="Timeline of Snapchat">geographic filters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rio Olympics was the first Olympics to utilize snapchat as a marketing tool.<sup id="cite_ref-howriochanged_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howriochanged-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NBC directly partnered with Snapchat and <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">Buzzfeed</a> to promote the 2016 games.<sup id="cite_ref-howriochanged_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howriochanged-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020_Tokyo_Summer_Olympics">2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Olympic fans took to social media to discuss and manage their emotions regarding the postponement. Some platforms explained the sequence of events that led to the postponement, while other shared historical moments. On Twitter, users used the postponement as a way to explain how dangerous the pandemic really is, as well as to bolster political arguments. The hashtag #tokyo2021 offered optimism among the negativity and fear.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://later.com/blog/how-social-media-changed-the-olympics-and-rio-2016/">"How Social Media Changed the Olympics, and What It Means for #Rio2016"</a>. <i>Later Blog</i>. 2016-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Olympism" title="Olympism">Olympism</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Congress" title="Olympic Congress">Olympic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings" title="List of IOC meetings">IOC meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International sports federations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Medals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal_table" title="Olympic medal table">Medal table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Olympic Games medal table">All-time medal table</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Youth_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_teams_by_medals_won" title="List of Olympic teams by medals won">Medal table leaders by Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Olympic medalists">Medalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Youth_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Youth Olympic medalists">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ties_for_medals_at_the_Olympics" title="List of ties for medals at the Olympics">Medal ties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incentives_for_Olympic_medalists_by_country" title="Incentives for Olympic medalists by country">Incentives by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals" title="List of stripped Olympic medals">Stripped medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_diploma" title="Olympic diploma">Olympic diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_wreath" title="Olive wreath">Olive wreath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics">tropical nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">country codes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">Host cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for Olympic Games">Bids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Bids for the Youth Olympic Games">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues" title="List of Olympic venues">Venues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Youth_Olympic_venues" title="List of Youth Olympic venues">youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony" title="Olympic Games ceremony">Ceremonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Mass" title="Olympic Mass">Olympic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games">People who opened the Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays" title="List of Olympic torch relays">Torch relays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron" title="List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron">lighters of the Olympic cauldron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_kept_the_Olympic_flag" title="List of people who have kept the Olympic flag">Keepers of the Olympic flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_television" title="Olympics on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services" title="Olympic Broadcasting Services">Olympic Broadcasting Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel" title="Olympic Channel">Olympic Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">American</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Social media</a></li> <li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Summer Olympic documentary films">summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Winter_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Winter Olympic documentary films">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_video_games" title="List of Olympic video games">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_symbols" title="Olympic symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Oath" title="Olympic Oath">Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems" title="List of Olympic songs and anthems">Songs and anthems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Hymn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_emblem" title="Olympic emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_poster" title="Olympic poster">Poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_mascots" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li>Coins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_coins" title="Summer Olympic coins">summer (pre-2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Coins_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present)">summer (2000-present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_coins" title="Winter Olympic coins">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Cup" title="Olympic Cup">Olympic Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit" title="Olympic Diploma of Merit">Olympic Diploma of Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Laurel" title="Olympic Laurel">Olympic Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">Art competitions at the Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_art_competitions" title="List of Olympic medalists in art competitions">medalists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents" title="List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents">Scandals and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism_and_the_Olympic_Games" title="Colonialism and the Olympic Games">colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Doping at the Olympic Games">doping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_and_Paralympic_deaths" title="Olympic and Paralympic deaths">Deaths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">WWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_II" title="List of Olympians killed in World War II">WWII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics" title="Participation of women in the Olympics">Participation of women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a></li> <li>Continental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series" title="Olympic Esports Series">Olympic Esports Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaflympics" title="Deaflympics">Deaflympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Intercalated Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Olympic Games</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1916 Berlin</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Tokyo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 London</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Tokyo</a><sup id="cite_ref-COVID2021_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID2021-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Paris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Los Angeles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Brisbane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2036 Summer Olympics">2036 TBD</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic rings"><img alt="Olympic rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/110px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/165px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/220px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Chamonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Sapporo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 PyeongChang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Beijing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Milano Cortina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics">2030 French Alps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics">2034 Salt Lake City–Utah</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Youth_Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Summer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2010 Summer Youth Olympics">2010 Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014 Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018 Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">2026 Dakar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Summer Youth Olympics">2030</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Youth Olympic Games logo"><img alt="Youth Olympic Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/110px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/165px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/220px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="296" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Winter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2016 Winter Youth Olympics">2016 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2020 Winter Youth Olympics">2020 Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2024 Winter Youth Olympics">2024 Gangwon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2028 Winter Youth Olympics">2028</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WW1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WW1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COVID2021-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID2021_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Postponed to 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Category:Summer Olympic Games"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Summer Olympics"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit 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