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href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-12 ns-subject mw-editable page-Help_Sources rootpage-Help_Sources skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-shortcut" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><code><a href="/wiki/Q620197" title="Q620197">Shortcut</a>: WD:S</code></div></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sources</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikidata</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-pt-translate-header noprint nomobile" dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ASources&action=page&filter=&action_source=translate_page" title="Special:Translate">Translate this page</a></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-pt-languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages-label">Other languages:</div><ul class="mw-pt-languages-list"><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/id" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Rujukan (1% translated)" lang="id" dir="ltr">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ban" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Wantuan:Sumber (15% translated)" lang="ban" dir="ltr">Basa Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/en-gb" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Sources (87% translated)" lang="en-GB" dir="ltr">British English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/de" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Hilfe:Belege (95% translated)" lang="de" dir="ltr">Deutsch</a></li> <li><span class="mw-pt-languages-ui mw-pt-languages-selected mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" lang="en" dir="ltr">English</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/eo" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Fontoj (21% translated)" lang="eo" dir="ltr">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/fy" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Boarnen (10% translated)" lang="fy" dir="ltr">Frysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/lb" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Quellen (16% translated)" lang="lb" dir="ltr">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/nl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Bronnen (95% translated)" lang="nl" dir="ltr">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ksh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Quälle (1% translated)" lang="ksh" dir="ltr">Ripoarisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/sco" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Soorces (2% translated)" lang="sco" dir="ltr">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/diq" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Desteg:Çımey (3% translated)" lang="diq" dir="ltr">Zazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/bs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Izvori (5% translated)" lang="bs" dir="ltr">bosanski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ca" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Fonts (81% translated)" lang="ca" dir="ltr">català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/da" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Kilder (48% translated)" lang="da" dir="ltr">dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/es" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Ayuda:Fuentes (83% translated)" lang="es" dir="ltr">español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/eu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Iturriak (2% translated)" lang="eu" dir="ltr">euskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/fr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Sources (95% translated)" lang="fr" dir="ltr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/gl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Axuda:Fontes (19% translated)" lang="gl" dir="ltr">galego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/it" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Fonti (77% translated)" lang="it" dir="ltr">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/lv" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Sources/lv (15% translated)" lang="lv" dir="ltr">latviešu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/hu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Források (31% translated)" lang="hu" dir="ltr">magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/nb" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Kilder (5% translated)" lang="nb" dir="ltr">norsk bokmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/oc" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Sources (5% translated)" lang="oc" dir="ltr">occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/pl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Źródła (42% translated)" lang="pl" dir="ltr">polski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/pt-br" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Fontes (44% translated)" lang="pt-BR" dir="ltr">português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ro" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Surse (1% translated)" lang="ro" dir="ltr">română</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/fi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Lähteet (64% translated)" lang="fi" dir="ltr">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/sv" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Källor (95% translated)" lang="sv" dir="ltr">svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/cs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Zdroje (55% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/szl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Sources/szl (1% translated)" lang="szl" dir="ltr">ślůnski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/el" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Πηγές (13% translated)" lang="el" dir="ltr">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/be" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Крыніцы (1% translated)" lang="be" dir="ltr">беларуская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/bg" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Източници (10% translated)" lang="bg" dir="ltr">български</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/mk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Извори (2% translated)" lang="mk" dir="ltr">македонски</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ru" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Источники (86% translated)" lang="ru" dir="ltr">русский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/sr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Извори (5% translated)" lang="sr" dir="ltr">српски / srpski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/uk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Довідка:Джерела (100% translated)" lang="uk" dir="ltr">українська</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/hy" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Օգնություն.Աղբյուրներ (11% translated)" lang="hy" dir="ltr">հայերեն</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/he" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="עזרה:מקורות (13% translated)" lang="he" dir="rtl">עברית</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ar" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="مساعدة:المصادر (95% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/fa" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:منبع‌ها (27% translated)" lang="fa" dir="rtl">فارسی</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/hi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Sources/hi (1% translated)" lang="hi" dir="ltr">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/bn" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:উৎসসমূহ (2% translated)" lang="bn" dir="ltr">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ta" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:மூலங்கள் (12% translated)" lang="ta" dir="ltr">தமிழ்</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ml" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Sources/ml (1% translated)" lang="ml" dir="ltr">മലയാളം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ka" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:წყაროები (1% translated)" lang="ka" dir="ltr">ქართული</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/zh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:来源 (32% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ja" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Help:情報源 (100% translated)" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/yue" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Sources/yue (8% translated)" lang="yue" dir="ltr">粵語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sources/ko" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:출처 (11% translated)" lang="ko" dir="ltr">한국어</a></li></ul></div> <p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements">statements</a> on Wikidata should be verifiable: they should be supported by a source of information such as a book, scientific publication, or newspaper article. In Wikidata, <b>references</b> are used to point to specific <b>sources</b> that back up the data provided in a statement. </p><p>References, like statements, also consist of at least one property-value pair (for a reference, the value <i>is</i> the source). Typically the property used for sources is one of two options: <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> (referring to publications and media) and <a href="/wiki/Property:P854" title="Property:P854">reference URL <small dir="ltr">(P854)</small></a> (used for websites and online databases). </p><p>This guideline explains when it is necessary to add a source to a statement in Wikidata. It also explains the steps to be followed in order to add a source. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Language-independent_general_principles"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Language-independent general principles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#When_to_source_a_statement"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">When to source a statement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Adding a source to a statement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Different_types_of_sources"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Different types of sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Scientific,_newspaper_or_magazine_article"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific, newspaper or magazine article</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Reports,_policy,_legislation_and_technical_documentation"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Reports, policy, legislation and technical documentation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Web_page"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Web page</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Databases"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Databases</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Media_&_Entertainment_(TV/radio/music/video)"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Media & Entertainment (TV/radio/music/video)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Headstones_at_Commons"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Headstones at Commons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Wikisource_source_text"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Wikisource source text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Archive_collections,_especially_vital_records"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Archive collections, especially vital records</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Language-independent_general_principles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Language-independent_general_principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Language-independent_general_principles"></span>Language-independent general principles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Language-independent_general_principles"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Language-independent general principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="When_to_source_a_statement" data-mw-thread-id="h-When_to_source_a_statement-Language-independent_general_principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-When_to_source_a_statement-Language-independent_general_principles"></span>When to source a statement<span data-mw-comment-end="h-When_to_source_a_statement-Language-independent_general_principles"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: When to source a statement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wikidata is a collection of sourced data, which means that most statements should indicate where the data comes from. </p><p>Wikidata includes three main types of statements: facts about the subject of the item, mappings of external identifiers and media links to Wikimedia Commons. The following applies primarily to the first type. </p><p>In some cases sources are not required: </p> <ol><li>When a value is common knowledge, and it has not been disputed. For example, it is common knowledge that <a href="/wiki/Q2" title="Q2">Earth <small>(Q2)</small></a> is an <a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> a <a href="/wiki/Q128207" title="Q128207">terrestrial planet <small>(Q128207)</small></a></li> <li>When the item has a statement that refers to an external source of information (such as a database or authority control file) which allows easy verification of the statement. For example, a statement about <a href="/wiki/Q43361" title="Q43361">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone <small>(Q43361)</small></a>'s <a href="/wiki/Property:P227" title="Property:P227">GND ID <small dir="ltr">(P227)</small></a> (an authority file maintained by the German National Library) does not need a source (the value, 4615979-4, is a direct link to the appropriate page on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4615979-4">German National Library's website</a>)</li> <li>When the item itself is a source for a statement. For example, for <a href="/wiki/Q11679" title="Q11679">The Hunger Games <small>(Q11679)</small></a> book series, it's possible to say that the <a href="/wiki/Property:P50" title="Property:P50">author <small dir="ltr">(P50)</small></a> is <a href="/wiki/Q228624" title="Q228624">Suzanne Collins <small>(Q228624)</small></a> without needing to then include <a href="/wiki/Q11679" title="Q11679">The Hunger Games <small>(Q11679)</small></a> as a reference for this statement.</li></ol> <p>For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sources/Items_not_needing_sources" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sources/Items not needing sources">Help:Sources/Items not needing sources</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adding_a_source_to_a_statement" data-mw-thread-id="h-Adding_a_source_to_a_statement-Language-independent_general_principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Adding_a_source_to_a_statement-Language-independent_general_principles"></span>Adding a source to a statement<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Adding_a_source_to_a_statement-Language-independent_general_principles"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adding a source to a statement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Source_example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Source_example.png/330px-Source_example.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Source_example.png/495px-Source_example.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Source_example.png/660px-Source_example.png 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="307"/></a><figcaption>example of a sourced statement</figcaption></figure> <p>There are four basic steps to follow when adding a source regardless of the type of source being added. </p> <ol><li>Check if an item for the source already exists in Wikidata using the <a href="/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle" title="Special:ItemByTitle">Item by title search</a></li> <li>Add the source as an item if: i) it's not in Wikidata already and ii) it is <b>not</b> a webpage</li> <li>Add a reference to your statement and point to the source item. For source items in Wikidata, use the property <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a>; for sources that exist online outside of Wikidata, use <a href="/wiki/Property:P854" title="Property:P854">reference URL <small dir="ltr">(P854)</small></a></li> <li>Add the source and all the other necessary properties</li></ol> <p>More information on searching for and creating items can be found at <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Items" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Items">Help:Items</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Different_types_of_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Different_types_of_sources-Language-independent_general_principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Different_types_of_sources-Language-independent_general_principles"></span>Different types of sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Different_types_of_sources-Language-independent_general_principles"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Different types of sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>References should point to reliable sources of information such as university-level textbooks or reference books, academic journals, and newspapers. For more information on identifying reliable sources, please see <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Verifiability" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Verifiability">Wikidata:Verifiability</a>. </p><p>One could differentiate between online or offline references. Both can be added to Wikidata. An internet accessible database can be an online reference. Offline references are books and other works found in libraries and archives. </p><p>References can be categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary references. All categories can be added to Wikidata. A secondary reference being one that analyzes primary references, a compilation of secondary references is a tertiary reference. Encyclopædiæ and library catalogues are generally tertiary references. Wikidata could be seen as a tertiary (or quaternary) reference, but one can't add it to Wikidata itself. </p><p>References can be contemporary ones or historic ones. Wikidata includes both. Consider appropriate <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Ranking" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Ranking">ranks</a> for information that is no longer current. </p><p>Please note that while pages on Wikipedia (and other Wikimedia sites) can and should be added as <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sitelinks" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sitelinks">sitelinks</a>, they are not appropriate as sources for Wikidata statements. As per the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia policy on verifiability</a>, the content of articles in Wikipedia must be verifiable; it should be supported by sources also (in the form of citations). However, just because something is stated on a Wikipedia page, does not mean that it is acceptable to consider the Wikipedia page itself as a source; it's much better to locate the actual citation and use that instead. </p><p>Tools that import data from Wikimedia projects generally add <a href="/wiki/Property:P143" title="Property:P143">imported from Wikimedia project <small dir="ltr">(P143)</small></a> (and sometimes also <a href="/wiki/Property:P4656" title="Property:P4656">Wikimedia import URL <small dir="ltr">(P4656)</small></a>) in the reference part of statements. Statements that are only supported by "<a href="/wiki/Property:P143" title="Property:P143">imported from Wikimedia project <small dir="ltr">(P143)</small></a>" are not considered sourced statements. If you encounter one of these statements, please replace "imported from Wikimedia project" with an actual reference. </p><p>This list is not complete, and types of sources in addition to the ones found on this page may be reliable; if you would like to add a new section with instructions on how to add such sources, please do so. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books" data-mw-thread-id="h-Books-Different_types_of_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Books-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Books<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Books-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Wikidata, books are treated according to the <a href="/wiki/Q16388" title="Q16388">Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records <small>(Q16388)</small></a> (FRBR) model, a commonly used conceptual framework in library science. </p><p>Without going into too much detail, the FRBR model allows us to make a distinction between creative works, and their different editions or translations; in Wikidata, these are known as <b>work items</b> and <b>edition items</b> respectively. For example, we can say that <a href="/wiki/Q41567" title="Q41567">Hamlet <small>(Q41567)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Q1845" title="Q1845">Bible <small>(Q1845)</small></a> are work items, while <a href="/wiki/Q14422206" title="Q14422206">Hamlet, Prince of Denmark <small>(Q14422206)</small></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Q623398" title="Q623398">King James Version <small>(Q623398)</small></a> are edition items. </p><p>When sourcing statements, you should only ever use the edition item of a book. In some cases, it will be necessary to first add the work item to Wikidata in order to create an edition item. You can do so by following the steps below: </p> <ol><li><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement">Check</a> if the work item already exists in Wikidata. If an item is found, proceed to step 4. If the item is not found, create a new one for it and go to step 2.</li> <li>Add at least the following statements to the work item: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q47461344" title="Q47461344">written work <small>(Q47461344)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P50" title="Property:P50">author <small dir="ltr">(P50)</small></a> (or <a href="/wiki/Property:P2093" title="Property:P2093">author name string <small dir="ltr">(P2093)</small></a> if you know nothing nontrivial other than their name)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1476" title="Property:P1476">title <small dir="ltr">(P1476)</small></a> (and <a href="/wiki/Property:P1680" title="Property:P1680">subtitle <small dir="ltr">(P1680)</small></a> if applicable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P407" title="Property:P407">language of work or name <small dir="ltr">(P407)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li>Add any additional properties to the work item that may seem necessary, for example: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P144" title="Property:P144">based on <small dir="ltr">(P144)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P136" title="Property:P136">genre <small dir="ltr">(P136)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P921" title="Property:P921">main subject <small dir="ltr">(P921)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P155" title="Property:P155">follows <small dir="ltr">(P155)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Property:P156" title="Property:P156">followed by <small dir="ltr">(P156)</small></a> (in case of a series), and others listed at <a href="/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Books#Work_item_properties" title="Wikidata:WikiProject Books">Wikidata:WikiProject Books#Work_item_properties</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement">Check</a> if the edition item of your work item exists in Wikidata. If an item is found, proceed to step 8. If the item is not found, create a new item for the edition and go to step 5. Make sure to label the edition item in a way that can be differentiated from the work item</li> <li>Label the new edition item in a way that can be differentiated from the work item by adding the edition number with the title <ul><li>for example, <a href="/wiki/Q15152326" title="Q15152326">The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1st edition) <small>(Q15152326)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li>Add at least the following statements to the edition item: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q3331189" title="Q3331189">version, edition or translation <small>(Q3331189)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P629" title="Property:P629">edition or translation of <small dir="ltr">(P629)</small></a> → the Q#### of the work item</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1476" title="Property:P1476">title <small dir="ltr">(P1476)</small></a> (and <a href="/wiki/Property:P1680" title="Property:P1680">subtitle <small dir="ltr">(P1680)</small></a> if applicable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P407" title="Property:P407">language of work or name <small dir="ltr">(P407)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P393" title="Property:P393">edition number <small dir="ltr">(P393)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li>Add any additional properties to the edition item that may seem necessary, for example: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P291" title="Property:P291">place of publication <small dir="ltr">(P291)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P123" title="Property:P123">publisher <small dir="ltr">(P123)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P577" title="Property:P577">publication date <small dir="ltr">(P577)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P110" title="Property:P110">illustrator <small dir="ltr">(P110)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P98" title="Property:P98">editor <small dir="ltr">(P98)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P1104" title="Property:P1104">number of pages <small dir="ltr">(P1104)</small></a>, and others listed at <a href="/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Books#Edition_item_properties" title="Wikidata:WikiProject Books">Wikidata:WikiProject Books#Edition_item_properties</a></li></ul></li> <li>Return to the work item and, if <a href="/wiki/User:DeltaBot" title="User:DeltaBot">DeltaBot</a> didn't do it already, add <a href="/wiki/Property:P747" title="Property:P747">has edition or translation <small dir="ltr">(P747)</small></a>.</li> <li>Return to the item page you were adding a reference to source your statement with <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> and link it to the edition item</li> <li>Add any additional properties to the reference section which can help when verifying the value of the statement: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P304" title="Property:P304">page(s) <small dir="ltr">(P304)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P3903" title="Property:P3903">column <small dir="ltr">(P3903)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P792" title="Property:P792">chapter <small dir="ltr">(P792)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P958" title="Property:P958">section, verse, paragraph, or clause <small dir="ltr">(P958)</small></a></li></ul></li></ol> <p><b>Example:</b> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Work item: <a href="/wiki/Q904273" title="Q904273">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics <small>(Q904273)</small></a>, edition item: <a href="/wiki/Q11927173" title="Q11927173">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd edition) <small>(Q11927173)</small></a></dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <a href="/wiki/Q153#P231" title="Q153">CAS Registry Number <small>(P231)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> ethanol <small>(Q153)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Q11927173" title="Q11927173">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd edition) <small>(Q11927173)</small></a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scientific,_newspaper_or_magazine_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Scientific,_newspaper_or_magazine_article-Different_types_of_sources"><span id="Scientific.2C_newspaper_or_magazine_article"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Scientific,_newspaper_or_magazine_article-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Scientific, newspaper or magazine article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Scientific,_newspaper_or_magazine_article-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scientific, newspaper or magazine article"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Publication articles require that both the publication and the article be added as items to Wikidata (if they haven't already been). One can use <a href="/wiki/Wikidata:SourceMD" title="Wikidata:SourceMD">SourceMD</a>. </p> <ol><li><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement">Check</a> if the publication item already exists in Wikidata. If an item is found, proceed to step 3. If the item is not found, create a new one for it and go to step 2.</li> <li>Ensure that at least the following statements are added to the publication item: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q737498" title="Q737498">academic journal <small>(Q737498)</small></a> for academic journal</li> <li>or <a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q11032" title="Q11032">newspaper <small>(Q11032)</small></a> for newspaper</li> <li>or <a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q41298" title="Q41298">magazine <small>(Q41298)</small></a> for magazine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1476" title="Property:P1476">title <small dir="ltr">(P1476)</small></a> (and <a href="/wiki/Property:P1680" title="Property:P1680">subtitle <small dir="ltr">(P1680)</small></a> if applicable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P407" title="Property:P407">language of work or name <small dir="ltr">(P407)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement">Check</a> if the article item exists in Wikidata. If an item is found, proceed to step 5. If the item is not found, create a new item for the article and go to step 4.</li> <li>Ensure that at least the following statements are added to the article item: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q191067" title="Q191067">article <small>(Q191067)</small></a> (more specifically: <a href="/wiki/Q13442814" title="Q13442814">scholarly article <small>(Q13442814)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q5707594" title="Q5707594">news article <small>(Q5707594)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q30070590" title="Q30070590">magazine article <small>(Q30070590)</small></a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1433" title="Property:P1433">published in <small dir="ltr">(P1433)</small></a> → (whatever the publication item is)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1476" title="Property:P1476">title <small dir="ltr">(P1476)</small></a> (and <a href="/wiki/Property:P1680" title="Property:P1680">subtitle <small dir="ltr">(P1680)</small></a> if applicable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P407" title="Property:P407">language of work or name <small dir="ltr">(P407)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P50" title="Property:P50">author <small dir="ltr">(P50)</small></a> (or <a href="/wiki/Property:P2093" title="Property:P2093">author name string <small dir="ltr">(P2093)</small></a> if you know nothing nontrivial other than their name)</li></ul> <dl><dd>You may use the <a href="/wiki/Wikidata:SourceMD" title="Wikidata:SourceMD">Source MetaData tool</a> to assist creation if you know the DOI of the article.</dd></dl></li> <li>Return to the item page you were adding a reference to source your statement with <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> and link it to the article item.</li> <li>If needed, return to the publication item and add additional properties: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P291" title="Property:P291">place of publication <small dir="ltr">(P291)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P123" title="Property:P123">publisher <small dir="ltr">(P123)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P236" title="Property:P236">ISSN <small dir="ltr">(P236)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P98" title="Property:P98">editor <small dir="ltr">(P98)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li>If needed, return to the article item and add additional properties: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P433" title="Property:P433">issue <small dir="ltr">(P433)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P577" title="Property:P577">publication date <small dir="ltr">(P577)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P304" title="Property:P304">page(s) <small dir="ltr">(P304)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P1683" title="Property:P1683">quotation <small dir="ltr">(P1683)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P792" title="Property:P792">chapter <small dir="ltr">(P792)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P478" title="Property:P478">volume <small dir="ltr">(P478)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P356" title="Property:P356">DOI <small dir="ltr">(P356)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P953" title="Property:P953">full work available at URL <small dir="ltr">(P953)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Property:P921" title="Property:P921">main subject <small dir="ltr">(P921)</small></a>.</li></ul></li></ol> <p><b>Example:</b> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Journal item: <a href="/wiki/Q15817216" title="Q15817216">Geological Society, London, Special Publications <small>(Q15817216)</small></a>, article item: <a href="/wiki/Q15545344" title="Q15545344">The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved <small>(Q15545344)</small></a></dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <a href="/wiki/Q2#P571" title="Q2">inception <small>(P571)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> Earth <small>(Q2)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Q15545344" title="Q15545344">The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved <small>(Q15545344)</small></a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reports,_policy,_legislation_and_technical_documentation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reports,_policy,_legislation_and_technical_documentation-Different_types_of_sources"><span id="Reports.2C_policy.2C_legislation_and_technical_documentation"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reports,_policy,_legislation_and_technical_documentation-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Reports, policy, legislation and technical documentation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reports,_policy,_legislation_and_technical_documentation-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reports, policy, legislation and technical documentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement">Check</a> if the document item exists in Wikidata. If an item is found, proceed to the step 3. If the item is not found, create a new item for the edition and go to step 2.</li> <li>Ensure that at least the following statements are added to the document item: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q10870555" title="Q10870555">report <small>(Q10870555)</small></a> for a report</li> <li>or <a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q1413406" title="Q1413406">technical documentation <small>(Q1413406)</small></a> for technical documentation</li> <li>or <a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q1156854" title="Q1156854">policy <small>(Q1156854)</small></a> for policy</li> <li>or <a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q49371" title="Q49371">legislation <small>(Q49371)</small></a> for legislation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1476" title="Property:P1476">title <small dir="ltr">(P1476)</small></a> (and <a href="/wiki/Property:P1680" title="Property:P1680">subtitle <small dir="ltr">(P1680)</small></a> if applicable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P407" title="Property:P407">language of work or name <small dir="ltr">(P407)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P50" title="Property:P50">author <small dir="ltr">(P50)</small></a> (or <a href="/wiki/Property:P2093" title="Property:P2093">author name string <small dir="ltr">(P2093)</small></a> if you know nothing nontrivial other than their name)</li></ul></li> <li>Return to the item page you were adding a reference to source your statement with <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> and link it to the document item.</li> <li>If needed, return to the document item and add additional properties: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1001" title="Property:P1001">applies to jurisdiction <small dir="ltr">(P1001)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P577" title="Property:P577">publication date <small dir="ltr">(P577)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P123" title="Property:P123">publisher <small dir="ltr">(P123)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P356" title="Property:P356">DOI <small dir="ltr">(P356)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P407" title="Property:P407">language of work or name <small dir="ltr">(P407)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P304" title="Property:P304">page(s) <small dir="ltr">(P304)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P1683" title="Property:P1683">quotation <small dir="ltr">(P1683)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P478" title="Property:P478">volume <small dir="ltr">(P478)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Property:P792" title="Property:P792">chapter <small dir="ltr">(P792)</small></a></li></ul></li></ol> <p><b>Example:</b> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Legislation item: <a href="/wiki/Q3258612" title="Q3258612">Civil Marriage Act <small>(Q3258612)</small></a></dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <a href="/wiki/Q17447#P580" title="Q17447">start time <small>(P580)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> Same-sex marriage in Canada <small>(Q17447)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Q3258612" title="Q3258612">Civil Marriage Act <small>(Q3258612)</small></a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><span id="web-page"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Web_page" data-mw-thread-id="h-Web_page-Different_types_of_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Web_page-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Web page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Web_page-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Web page"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If there is a Wikidata property for a website, follow <a href="#Databases">#Databases</a> below. </p> <ol><li><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement">Check</a> if an item exists in Wikidata for the website containing the web page. If an item is found, source your statement with <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> and link it to the website item. If an item is not found but the website is <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/WD:N" title="Special:MyLanguage/WD:N">notable</a>, create one for it. If the website is not notable, use <a href="/wiki/Property:P6333" title="Property:P6333">title of broader work <small dir="ltr">(P6333)</small></a> instead.</li> <li>Source your statement with <a href="/wiki/Property:P854" title="Property:P854">reference URL <small dir="ltr">(P854)</small></a> and link it to the URL of the webpage</li> <li>Add the following properties to your reference, so that the source can be tracked down if the URL changes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P577" title="Property:P577">publication date <small dir="ltr">(P577)</small></a> → the publication date of the webpage. If no publication date is provided use <a href="/wiki/Property:P813" title="Property:P813">retrieved <small dir="ltr">(P813)</small></a>, the date when the data was taken from the web page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1476" title="Property:P1476">title <small dir="ltr">(P1476)</small></a> → title of the webpage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1065" title="Property:P1065">archive URL <small dir="ltr">(P1065)</small></a> → archived webpage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P2960" title="Property:P2960">archive date <small dir="ltr">(P2960)</small></a> → date of archived webpage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P407" title="Property:P407">language of work or name <small dir="ltr">(P407)</small></a> → language of the webpage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P6954" title="Property:P6954">online access status <small dir="ltr">(P6954)</small></a> → could be <a href="/wiki/Q232932" title="Q232932">open access <small>(Q232932)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q107459441" title="Q107459441">registration required <small>(Q107459441)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q910845" title="Q910845">paywall <small>(Q910845)</small></a>, etc.</li></ul></li> <li>If needed, add additional properties: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P50" title="Property:P50">author <small dir="ltr">(P50)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Property:P123" title="Property:P123">publisher <small dir="ltr">(P123)</small></a>. Please note if the web page belongs to a major web site that already has an item in Wikidata, you should use publisher.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1683" title="Property:P1683">quotation <small dir="ltr">(P1683)</small></a> → exact quotation of text from the webpage</li></ul></li></ol> <p><b>Examples:</b> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Web page item: <a href="/wiki/Q3398022" title="Q3398022">United States Population Clock <small>(Q3398022)</small></a></dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <a href="/wiki/Q30#P1082" title="Q30">population <small>(P1082)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> United States of America <small>(Q30)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Q3398022" title="Q3398022">United States Population Clock <small>(Q3398022)</small></a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Non-web page item</dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <a href="/wiki/Q220768#P569" title="Q220768">date of birth <small>(P569)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> Giambattista Bodoni <small>(Q220768)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P854" title="Property:P854">reference URL <small dir="ltr">(P854)</small></a> — <tt>http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giambattista-bodoni_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/</tt></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Databases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Databases-Different_types_of_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Databases-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Databases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Databases-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Databases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Please note</b>: this approach only applies to databases that already have a corresponding property defined in Wikidata. The property is often an identifier unique to the database such as the <a href="/wiki/Property:P698" title="Property:P698">PubMed publication ID <small dir="ltr">(P698)</small></a> for PubMed or the <a href="/wiki/Property:P345" title="Property:P345">IMDb ID <small dir="ltr">(P345)</small></a> for the Internet Movie Database. Consult the <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:List_of_properties/all#Authority_control" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:List of properties/all">list of properties for authority control IDs</a> to determine whether the database property has been added to Wikidata. You can also use the advanced options of <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search">Special:Search</a> to search for the database and/or its identifiers in the Property namespace. If no such property exists for the database, treat the database as a webpage (<a href="#web-page">see above</a>). </p> <ol><li>Search for the database item in Wikidata. If an item is found, proceed to the next step. If the item is not found, create a new one for it.</li> <li>Ensure that at least the following statement is added to the database item: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/Q8513" title="Q8513">database <small>(Q8513)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li>Return to the item page you were adding a reference to source your statement with <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> and link it to the database item. The applicable value can be found through <a href="/wiki/Property:P9073" title="Property:P9073">applicable 'stated in' value <small dir="ltr">(P9073)</small></a>.</li> <li>Add the following properties to your reference in order to indicate the specific register of the database. <ul><li>database property → database property ID (the unique identifier for the data as per the database)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P1476" title="Property:P1476">title <small dir="ltr">(P1476)</small></a> → the title of the dataset in the database. This may not be needed if the database property is in the external link section of the item the statement is used on.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P577" title="Property:P577">publication date <small dir="ltr">(P577)</small></a> → the publication date for the data. If no publication date is provided use <a href="/wiki/Property:P813" title="Property:P813">retrieved <small dir="ltr">(P813)</small></a>, the date when the data was taken from the database. This may not be needed if the date is already otherwise included in the statement being referenced.</li></ul></li></ol> <p><b>Example:</b> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Database item: <a href="/wiki/Q278487" title="Q278487">PubChem <small>(Q278487)</small></a>, database property: <a href="/wiki/Property:P662" title="Property:P662">PubChem CID <small dir="ltr">(P662)</small></a></dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <a href="/wiki/Q153#P234" title="Q153">InChI <small>(P234)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> ethanol <small>(Q153)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Q278487" title="Q278487">PubChem <small>(Q278487)</small></a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Media_&_Entertainment_(TV/radio/music/video)" data-mw-thread-id="h-Media_&_Entertainment_(TV/radio/music/video)-Different_types_of_sources"><span id="Media_.26_Entertainment_.28TV.2Fradio.2Fmusic.2Fvideo.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Media_&_Entertainment_(TV/radio/music/video)-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Media & Entertainment (TV/radio/music/video)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Media_&_Entertainment_(TV/radio/music/video)-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Media & Entertainment (TV/radio/music/video)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="#Adding_a_source_to_a_statement">Check</a> if the media item exists in Wikidata. If an item is found, proceed to the next step. If the item is not found, create a new one for it.</li> <li>Source your statement with <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> and link it to the media item</li> <li>If needed, return to the media item and add additional properties: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P577" title="Property:P577">publication date <small dir="ltr">(P577)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P50" title="Property:P50">author <small dir="ltr">(P50)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P179" title="Property:P179">part of the series <small dir="ltr">(P179)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P1683" title="Property:P1683">quotation <small dir="ltr">(P1683)</small></a>.</li></ul></li></ol> <p><b>Example:</b> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Documentary item: <a href="/wiki/Q1417721" title="Q1417721">Man on Wire <small>(Q1417721)</small></a></dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <a href="/wiki/Q705289#P106" title="Q705289">occupation <small>(P106)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> Philippe Petit <small>(Q705289)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Q1417721" title="Q1417721">Man on Wire <small>(Q1417721)</small></a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Headstones_at_Commons" data-mw-thread-id="h-Headstones_at_Commons-Different_types_of_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Headstones_at_Commons-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Headstones at Commons<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Headstones_at_Commons-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Headstones at Commons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Add the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P3865" title="Property:P3865">type of reference <small dir="ltr">(P3865)</small></a>=<a href="/wiki/Q203443" title="Q203443">tombstone <small>(Q203443)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Property:P10253" title="Property:P10253">reference image <small dir="ltr">(P10253)</small></a> with the image at Commons</li></ul> <p><b>Example:</b> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Headstone image: <a href="/wiki/File:Beatrice_Dowsky.jpg" title="File:Beatrice Dowsky.jpg">File:Beatrice_Dowsky.jpg</a></dd> <dd>Used to source statement: <span id="Property:P569"></span><a href="/wiki/Q88821#P569" title="Q88821">date of birth <small>(P569)</small> <span id="of"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">of</span> Beatrice von Dovsky <small>(Q88821)</small></a></dd> <dd>Reference: <a href="/wiki/Property:P3865" title="Property:P3865">type of reference <small dir="ltr">(P3865)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/Q203443" title="Q203443">tombstone <small>(Q203443)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Property:P10253" title="Property:P10253">reference image <small dir="ltr">(P10253)</small></a> — <a href="/wiki/File:Beatrice_Dowsky.jpg" title="File:Beatrice Dowsky.jpg">File:Beatrice_Dowsky.jpg</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wikisource_source_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikisource_source_text-Different_types_of_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikisource_source_text-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Wikisource source text<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikisource_source_text-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wikisource source text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Add the following two: </p> <ol><li>As for books above, add <a href="/wiki/Property:P248" title="Property:P248">stated in <small dir="ltr">(P248)</small></a> pointing to the Wikidata item of the edition with sitelinks to Wikisource + <a href="/wiki/Property:P304" title="Property:P304">page(s) <small dir="ltr">(P304)</small></a> to indicate the page of the book (for bibliographic templates)</li> <li>As for websites above, add <a href="/wiki/Property:P854" title="Property:P854">reference URL <small dir="ltr">(P854)</small></a> pointing to the subpage supporting the statement</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archive_collections,_especially_vital_records" data-mw-thread-id="h-Archive_collections,_especially_vital_records-Different_types_of_sources"><span id="Archive_collections.2C_especially_vital_records"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Archive_collections,_especially_vital_records-Different_types_of_sources"></span>Archive collections, especially vital records<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Archive_collections,_especially_vital_records-Different_types_of_sources"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Archive collections, especially vital records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Always try to fill: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P3865" title="Property:P3865">type of reference <small dir="ltr">(P3865)</small></a> - e.g., <a href="/wiki/Q83900" title="Q83900">birth certificate <small>(Q83900)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q1299632" title="Q1299632">marriage certificate <small>(Q1299632)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q708653" title="Q708653">death certificate <small>(Q708653)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q11971341" title="Q11971341">birth registry <small>(Q11971341)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q28369847" title="Q28369847">baptism registry <small>(Q28369847)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q14324227" title="Q14324227">marriage registry <small>(Q14324227)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q12029619" title="Q12029619">death registry <small>(Q12029619)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q1595673" title="Q1595673">home certificate <small>(Q1595673)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q105921971" title="Q105921971">conscription sheet <small>(Q105921971)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Q185363" title="Q185363">chronicle <small>(Q185363)</small></a>, etc.</li></ul></li> <li>Depending on circumstances (especially based on the structure of the collection provided by its creator or custodian), also try to enter additional identifiers, such as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property:P5564" title="Property:P5564">registration district <small dir="ltr">(P5564)</small></a> - regional subdivision of the collection, if created in Wikidata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P478" title="Property:P478">volume <small dir="ltr">(P478)</small></a> - compact resource, such as book or documentation box that does not have a Wikidata item. May return error if not alphanumeric.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P217" title="Property:P217">inventory number <small dir="ltr">(P217)</small></a> - alternative free-form identifier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P304" title="Property:P304">page(s) <small dir="ltr">(P304)</small></a> - page in a book; sometimes it is better to enter <a href="/wiki/Property:P7416" title="Property:P7416">folio(s) <small dir="ltr">(P7416)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P7421" title="Property:P7421">line(s) <small dir="ltr">(P7421)</small></a> - row within a page or document, if numbered</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P958" title="Property:P958">section, verse, paragraph, or clause <small dir="ltr">(P958)</small></a> - another identifiable part of document</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property:P8091" title="Property:P8091">Archival Resource Key <small dir="ltr">(P8091)</small></a> - if assigned</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Examples</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q96901921" title="Q96901921">Josef J. Zapf <small>(Q96901921)</small></a> - dates of birth and death based on Austrian church books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q96694727" title="Q96694727">Hermann Mattkey <small>(Q96694727)</small></a> - dates of birth and death based on Czech church books (German-language source with Czech metadata)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Sources&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q18608359" title="Q18608359">Wikidata property to indicate a source <small>(Q18608359)</small></a></li></ul> <p>For related Help pages, see: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sources/Items_not_needing_sources" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sources/Items not needing sources">Help:Sources/Items not needing sources</a>, more information on when items don't need sources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements">Help:Statements</a>, which explains what statements are and what rules they follow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Qualifiers" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Qualifiers">Help:Qualifiers</a>, which explains what qualifiers are and what rules they follow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:BookSources</a> - search for book sources by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="extiw" title="w:International Standard Book Number">ISBN (International Standard Book Number)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Zotero" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Zotero">Wikidata:Zotero</a>, which explains how to use a tool which makes it easy to create items about articles, web pages, etc. with QuickStatements</li></ul> <ul><li>Wikidata SPARQL queries <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/#SELECT%20%3Fprop%20%3FpropLabel%20%3Fcount%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fprop%20%28COUNT%28%3Fref%29%20AS%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fprop%20wikibase%3Areference%20%3Fpr_pred%20.%20%20%20%20%20%23%20the%20reference-specific%20form%20of%20a%20property%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fref%20%3Fpr_pred%20%3Fpr_obj%20.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20to%20be%20found%20in%20any%20triple%20%28any%20such%20triples%20will%20apply%20to%20references%29%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fpr_pred%20%3Fprop%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22,%22en%22%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20DESC%20%28%3Fcount%29">Properties most often applied to references</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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