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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Herman Boerhaave</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Herman_Boerhaave" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Herman Boerhaave</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈɦɛrmɑm<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbuːrˌɦaːvə]</a></span>, 31 December 1668 – 23 September 1738<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a Dutch <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> of European fame. He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital and is sometimes referred to as "the father of physiology," along with Venetian physician <a href="/wiki/Santorio_Santorio" title="Santorio Santorio">Santorio Santorio</a> (1561–1636).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2023)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> Boerhaave introduced the quantitative approach into medicine, along with his pupil <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller">Albrecht von Haller</a> (1708–1777) and is best known for demonstrating the relation of symptoms to lesions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was the first to isolate the chemical <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a> from urine. He was the first physician to put thermometer measurements to clinical practice. His motto was <i>Simplex sigillum veri</i>: 'Simplicity is the sign of the truth'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He is often hailed as the "Dutch <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Herman Boerhaave</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Boerhaave_by_J_Champan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herman_Boerhaave_by_J_Champan.jpg/220px-Herman_Boerhaave_by_J_Champan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herman_Boerhaave_by_J_Champan.jpg/330px-Herman_Boerhaave_by_J_Champan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herman_Boerhaave_by_J_Champan.jpg/440px-Herman_Boerhaave_by_J_Champan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="1275"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1668-12-31</span>)</span>31 December 1668<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Voorhout" title="Voorhout">Voorhout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 September 1738<span style="display:none">(1738-09-23)</span> (aged 69)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, Dutch Republic</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Dutch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a> (M.A., 1690)<br><a href="/wiki/University_of_Harderwijk" title="University of Harderwijk">University of Harderwijk</a> (M.D., 1693)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder of clinical teaching</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Theses</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwlpAAAAcAAJ&dq=">De distinctione mentis a corpore (On the Difference of the Mind from the Body)</a> </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1690)</span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wDZlAAAAcAAJ&dq=">De utilitate explorandorum in aegris excrementorum ut signorum (The Utility of Examining Signs of Disease in the Excrement of the Sick)</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1693)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burchard_de_Volder" title="Burchard de Volder">Burchard de Volder</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Swieten" title="Gerard van Swieten">Gerard van Swieten</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author abbrev. (botany)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Boerh.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Medical_contributions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Medical contributions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Works"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Boerhaave&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg/260px-Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1047"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg/260px-Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg/390px-Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg/520px-Oud_Poelgeest_Oegstgeest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oud_Poelgeest" title="Oud Poelgeest">Oud Poelgeest</a> Castle, Herman Boerhaave's home in <a href="/wiki/Oegstgeest" title="Oegstgeest">Oegstgeest</a>, near Leiden. This was the site of his outdoor botanical garden that was renowned during his lifetime and rivalled <a href="/wiki/Hortus_Cliffortianus" title="Hortus Cliffortianus">Hortus Cliffortianus</a>, the garden of his friend and sponsor to <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>. He travelled back and forth to his friend's garden and to the Leiden University by <a href="/wiki/Trekschuit" title="Trekschuit">trekschuit</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Boerhaave was born at <a href="/wiki/Voorhout" title="Voorhout">Voorhout</a> near <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>. The son of a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his youth Boerhaave studied for a <a href="/wiki/Divinity_(academic_discipline)" title="Divinity (academic discipline)">divinity</a> degree and wanted to become a preacher.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendelsohn,_p.287_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendelsohn,_p.287-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of his father, however, he was offered a scholarship and he entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a>, where he took his <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> in 1690, with a dissertation titled <i>De distinctione mentis a corpore</i> (<i>On the Difference of the Mind from the Body</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he attacked the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>. He then turned to the study of medicine. He earned his <a href="/wiki/Medical_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical doctorate">medical doctorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Harderwijk" title="University of Harderwijk">University of Harderwijk</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a>) in 1693, with a dissertation titled <i>De utilitate explorandorum in aegris excrementorum ut signorum</i> (<i>The Utility of Examining Signs of Disease in the Excrement of the Sick</i>). </p><p>In 1701 he was appointed lecturer on the institutes of medicine at Leiden; in his inaugural discourse, <i>De commendando <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocratis</a> studio</i>, he recommended to his pupils that great physician as their model. In 1709 he became professor of <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a> and medicine, and in that capacity he did good service, not only to his own university, but also to botanical science, by his improvements and additions to the <a href="/wiki/Hortus_Botanicus_Leiden" title="Hortus Botanicus Leiden">botanic garden of Leiden</a>, and by the publication of numerous works descriptive of new species of plants.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 September 1710, Boerhaave married Maria Drolenvaux, the daughter of the rich merchant, <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">Alderman</a> Abraham Drolenvaux. They had four children, of whom one daughter, Maria Joanna, lived to adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1722, he began to suffer from an extreme case of <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>, recovering the next year. </p><p>In 1714, when he was appointed rector of the university, he succeeded <a href="/wiki/Govert_Bidloo" title="Govert Bidloo">Govert Bidloo</a> in the chair of practical medicine, and in this capacity he introduced the modern system of clinical instruction. Four years later he was appointed to the chair of chemistry as well. In 1728 he was elected into the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a>, and two years later into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of London. In 1729 declining health obliged him to resign the chairs of chemistry and botany; and he died, after a lingering and painful illness, at Leiden. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Boerhaave&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>His reputation so increased the fame of the University of Leiden, especially as a school of medicine, that it became popular with visitors from every part of Europe. All the princes of Europe sent him pupils, who found in this skilful professor not only an indefatigable teacher, but an affectionate guardian.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter the Great</a> went to Holland in 1716 (he had been in Holland before in 1697 to instruct himself in maritime affairs), he also took lessons from Boerhaave.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> travelled to see him, as did <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, who became a close friend and named the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Boerhavia" title="Boerhavia">Boerhavia</a></i> for him. His reputation was not confined to Europe; a Chinese mandarin sent him a letter addressed to "the illustrious Boerhaave, physician in Europe," and it reached him in due course.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave,_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_(1817-1891).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg/220px-ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4290" data-file-height="2859"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg/220px-ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg/330px-ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg/440px-ErfgoedLeiden_LEI001019039_Herman_Boerhaave%2C_bronzen_standbeeld_van_J.Stracke_%281817-1891%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Bronze statue made by J.Stracke (1817–1891)</figcaption></figure> <p>The operating theatre of the University of Leiden in which he once worked as an anatomist is now at the centre of a museum named after him; the <a href="/wiki/Boerhaave_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Boerhaave Museum">Boerhaave Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/8175_Boerhaave" class="mw-redirect" title="8175 Boerhaave">8175 Boerhaave</a> is named after Boerhaave. From 1955 to 1961 Boerhaave's image was printed on Dutch 20-<a href="/wiki/Guilder" title="Guilder">guilder</a> banknotes. The <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Medical_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiden University Medical Centre">Leiden University Medical Centre</a> organises medical trainings called <i>Boerhaave-courses</i>. </p><p>He had a prodigious influence on the development of medicine and chemistry in Scotland. British medical schools credit Boerhaave for developing the system of medical education upon which their current institutions are based.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Medical School">Edinburgh Medical School</a> had studied at Leyden and attended Boerhaave's lectures on chemistry including <a href="/wiki/John_Rutherford_(physician)" title="John Rutherford (physician)">John Rutherford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Home" title="Francis Home">Francis Home</a>. Boerhaave's <i>Elementa Chemiae (1732)</i> is recognised as the first text on chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boerhaave first described <a href="/wiki/Boerhaave_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Boerhaave syndrome">Boerhaave syndrome</a>, which involves tearing of the oesophagus, usually a consequence of vigorous vomiting. Notoriously, in 1724 he described the case of Baron Jan van Wassenaer, a Dutch admiral who died of this condition following a gluttonous feast and subsequent regurgitation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The condition was uniformly fatal prior to modern surgical techniques allowing repair of the oesophagus. </p><p>Boerhaave was critical of his <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_(terminology)#Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands (terminology)">Dutch</a> contemporary <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>, attacking him in his 1688 dissertation. At the same time, he admired <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> and was a devout Christian who often wrote about God in his works.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendelsohn,_p.287_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendelsohn,_p.287-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A collection of his religious thoughts on medicine, translated from Latin to English, has been compiled by the <i>Sir Thomas Browne Instituut Leiden</i> under the name <i>Boerhaave's Orations</i> (meaning "Boerhaave's Prayers").<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other things, he considered nature as God's Creation,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he used to say that the poor were his best patients because God was their paymaster.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Medical_contributions">Medical contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Boerhaave&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medical contributions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Boerhaave devoted himself intensively to the study of the human body. He was strongly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Iatrophysics" title="Iatrophysics">mechanistic</a> theories of <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, and those of the 17th-century astronomer and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Borelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Borelli">Giovanni Borelli</a>, who described animal movements in terms of mechanical motion. On such premises Boerhaave proposed a hydraulic model of human physiology.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His writings refer to simple machines such as levers and pulleys and similar mechanisms, and he saw the bodily organs and members as being assembled from pipe-like structures.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physiology of veins, for example, he compared to the operation of pipes. He asserted the importance of a proper balance of fluid pressure, noting that fluids should be able to move around the body freely, without obstacles. For its well-being the body needed to be self-regulating, so as to maintain a healthy state of equilibrium. Boerhaave's concept of the body as apparatus centred his medical attention on material problems rather than upon <a href="/wiki/Ontological" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontological">ontological</a> or <a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">esoteric</a> explanations of illness.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Boerhaave's teaching of his knowledge and philosophy drew many students to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a>. He emphasised the importance of anatomical research based on practical observation and scientific experiment. His concept of the bodily system took hold throughout Europe, and helped to transform medical education in the European schools. His insights aroused great interest among other critical medical thinkers, not least in <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hoffmann" title="Friedrich Hoffmann">Friedrich Hoffmann</a>, who strongly advocated the importance of physico-mechanical principles for the preservation or indeed the restoration of health.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a professor at Leiden, Boerhaave influenced many students. Some in their experiments upheld and furthered his philosophy, while others rejected it and proposed alternative theories of human physiology. He produced a great many textbooks and writings through which the digested brilliance of his lectures at Leiden was circulated widely in Europe. In 1708 his publication of the <i>Institutiones Medicae</i> was issued in over five languages, and went into approximately ten editions. His <i>Elementa Chemia</i>, a world-renowned chemistry textbook, was published in 1732. </p><p>The mechanistic concept of the human body departed from the age-old precepts laid down by <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>. In place of a servile dependence upon teachings handed down from antiquity, Boerhaave understood the importance of establishing definitive findings through his own investigation, and by the direct application of his own methods of testing. This new reasoning expanded the field of Renaissance anatomy: it opened the way to reforms of medical practice and understanding in the field of <a href="/wiki/Iatrochemistry" title="Iatrochemistry">iatrochemistry</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Boerhaave&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis,_1728_-_3032194.tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="2541"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 310px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="310" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif/lossy-page1-255px-Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif/lossy-page1-340px-Boerhaave_-_Aphorismi_de_cognoscendis_et_curandis_morbis%2C_1728_-_3032194.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i>Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis</i>, 1728</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Oratio academica qua probatur, bene intellectam a Cicerone et confutatam esse sententiam Epicuri de summo bono</i> (Leiden, 1688)</li> <li><i>Het Nut der Mechanistische Methode in de Geneeskunde</i> (Leiden, 1703)</li> <li><i>Institutiones medicae</i> (Leiden, 1708)</li> <li><i>Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis</i> (Leiden, 1709), on which his pupil and assistant, <a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Swieten" title="Gerard van Swieten">Gerard van Swieten</a> (1700–1772) published a commentary in 5 vols. <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=3032194&custom_att_2=simple_viewer"><i>Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis</i></a> (in Latin). Parisiis. 1728 – via apud Guillelmum Cavelier, via Jacobea, sub signo Lilii aurei.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aphorismi+de+cognoscendis+et+curandis+morbis&rft.place=Parisiis&rft.date=1728&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D3032194%26custom_att_2%3Dsimple_viewer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=8766537"><i>Index plantarum quae in Horto academico Lugduno Batavo reperiuntur</i></a> (in Latin). Leiden: Cornelis Boutesteyn. 1710.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+plantarum+quae+in+Horto+academico+Lugduno+Batavo+reperiuntur&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Cornelis+Boutesteyn&rft.date=1710&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D8766537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=8807973"><i>Index alter plantarum quae in horto academico Lugduno-Batavo aluntur</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: Pieter van der Aa (1.). 1720.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+alter+plantarum+quae+in+horto+academico+Lugduno-Batavo+aluntur&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Pieter+van+der+Aa+%281.%29&rft.date=1720&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D8807973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=8809164"><i>Index alter plantarum quae in horto academico Lugduno-Batavo aluntur</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 2. Leiden: Pieter van der Aa (1.). 1720.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+alter+plantarum+quae+in+horto+academico+Lugduno-Batavo+aluntur&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Pieter+van+der+Aa+%281.%29&rft.date=1720&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D8809164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><i>Institutiones et Experimenta chemiae</i> (Paris, 1724) (unauthorised). (Digital edition by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6963111"><i>Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt</i></a> (in Latin). Roma: Francesco Gonzaga. 1727.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+plantarum+quae+in+Horto+Academico+Lugduni-Batavorum+crescunt&rft.place=Roma&rft.pub=Francesco+Gonzaga&rft.date=1727&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D6963111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=8547459"><i>Elementa chemiae</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: Severinus, Isaak. 1732.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementa+chemiae&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Severinus%2C+Isaak&rft.date=1732&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D8547459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jums6t8q"><i>Elements of Chemistry</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: Pemberton, J and J. 1735.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Chemistry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pemberton%2C+J+and+J&rft.date=1735&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwellcomecollection.org%2Fworks%2Fjums6t8q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span> Translated from the original Latin by Timothy Dallowe, MD.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=8550429"><i>Elementa chemiae</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 2. Leiden: Severinus, Isaak. 1732.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementa+chemiae&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Severinus%2C+Isaak&rft.date=1732&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D8550429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6863351"><i>Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 1. Amsterdam. 1738.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+plantarum+quae+in+Horto+Academico+Lugduni-Batavorum+crescunt&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.date=1738&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D6863351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6864614"><i>Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 2. Amsterdam. 1738.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+plantarum+quae+in+Horto+Academico+Lugduni-Batavorum+crescunt&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.date=1738&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D6864614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boerhaave,_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt,_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt, 1727"><noscript><img alt="Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt, 1727" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg/70px-Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1472"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg/70px-Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg" data-alt="Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt, 1727" data-width="70" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg/104px-Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg/139px-Boerhaave%2C_Herman_%E2%80%93_Historia_plantarum_quae_in_Horto_Academico_Lugduni-Batavorum_crescunt%2C_1727_%E2%80%93_BEIC_6963111.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt</i>, 1727</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elementa Chemiae, 1732"><noscript><img alt="Elementa Chemiae, 1732" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg/84px-Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="814"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 84px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg/84px-Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg" data-alt="Elementa Chemiae, 1732" data-width="84" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg/126px-Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg/168px-Elementa_Chemiae-Boerhaave.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Elementa Chemiae</i>, 1732</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213917922">.mw-parser-output .botanist-bordered{border:0 solid #ddd;border-width:2px 0;padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .botanist .nickname{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="metadata botanist-bordered"><span class="botanist">The standard <a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(A)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (A)">author abbreviation</a> <span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">Boerh.</span></span></span> is used to indicate this person as the author when <a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">citing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">botanical name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Boerhaave&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerrit Arie Lindeboom (ed.), <i>Boerhaave and His Time</i>, Brill, 1970, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Underwood, E. Ashworth. "Boerhaave After Three Hundred Years." <i>The British Medical Journal</i> 4, no. 5634 (1968): 820–25. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20395297">20395297</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Siegfried (2002). <i>From Elements to Atoms: A History of Chemical Composition, Volume 92, Issues 4–6</i>. American Philosophical Society. p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mendelsohn,_p.287-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mendelsohn,_p.287_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mendelsohn,_p.287_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mendelsohn, p. 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman_Boerhaave1690" class="citation web cs1">Herman Boerhaave (1690). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilorentz.org/history/proefschriften/sources/Boerhaave_1690.pdf">"De distinctione mentis a corpore"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://ilorentz.org/history/proefschriften/sources/Boerhaave_1690.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+distinctione+mentis+a+corpore&rft.date=1690&rft.au=Herman+Boerhaave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filorentz.org%2Fhistory%2Fproefschriften%2Fsources%2FBoerhaave_1690.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunn1981" class="citation book cs1">Gunn, Mary (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8591273"><i>Botanical exploration of southern Africa : an illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora : biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times</i></a>. L. E. W. Codd. Cape Town: Published for the Botanical Research Institute by A.A. Balkema. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86961-129-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86961-129-1"><bdi>0-86961-129-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8591273">8591273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Botanical+exploration+of+southern+Africa+%3A+an+illustrated+history+of+early+botanical+literature+on+the+Cape+flora+%3A+biographical+accounts+of+the+leading+plant+collectors+and+their+activities+in+southern+Africa+from+the+days+of+the+East+India+Company+until+modern+times&rft.place=Cape+Town&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Published+for+the+Botanical+Research+Institute+by+A.A.+Balkema&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8591273&rft.isbn=0-86961-129-1&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F8591273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060207020803/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2404.html">"Herman Boerhaave (www.whonamedit.com)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2404.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herman+Boerhaave+%28www.whonamedit.com%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whonamedit.com%2Fdoctor.cfm%2F2404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderwood1968" class="citation journal cs1">Underwood, E. Ashworth (1 January 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1912963">"Boerhaave After Three Hundred Years"</a>. <i>The British Medical Journal</i>. <b>4</b> (5634): 820–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.4.5634.820">10.1136/bmj.4.5634.820</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20395297">20395297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1912963">1912963</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4883155">4883155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Boerhaave+After+Three+Hundred+Years&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5634&rft.pages=820-25&rft.date=1968-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1912963%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4883155&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20395297%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.4.5634.820&rft.aulast=Underwood&rft.aufirst=E.+Ashworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1912963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clow, Archibald & Nan L. Clow <i>The Chemical Revolution</i>, Batchworth Press, London, 1952.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boerhaave, H., <i>Atrocis, nec descripti prius, morbii historia: secundum medicae artis leges conscripta</i> (Leiden, the Netherlands: Lugduni Batavorum Boutesteniana, 1724).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boerhaave, Herman (1983). edited by Elze Kegel-Brinkgreve & Antonie Maria Luyendijk-Elshout. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y-UUAAAAIAAJ">Boerhaaveìs Orations</a></i>. Volume 4 of Publications of the Sir Thomas Browne Institute Leiden. Brill Archive. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004070435" title="Special:BookSources/9004070435">9004070435</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004070431" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004070431">978-9004070431</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Principe, Lawrence (2007). <i>New Narratives in Eighteenth-Century Chemistry: Contributions from the First Francis Bacon Workshop, 21–23 April 2005, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California</i>. Springer, pp. 66–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Biglow, Orville Luther Holley (1817). <i>The American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, Volume 1</i>. H. Biglow, p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hosack, David (1824). <i>Essays on various subjects of medical science</i>. New York Symour. p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2007" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Harold (2007). <i>Matters of Exchange</i>. New Haven: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age. p. 393.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matters+of+Exchange&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=Commerce%2C+Medicine%2C+and+Science+in+the+Dutch+Golden+Age&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindemann2013" class="citation book cs1">Lindemann, Mary (2013). <i>Medicine and Society in Early Modern Europe</i> (second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 101–05. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521425926" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521425926"><bdi>978-0521425926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=101-05&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0521425926&rft.aulast=Lindemann&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroman2003" class="citation book cs1">Broman, Thomas (2003). <i>The Medical Sciences</i>. Cambridge: The Cambridge History of Sciences. p. 469.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medical+Sciences&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=The+Cambridge+History+of+Sciences&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Broman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Plant_Names_Index" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Boerh."><i> Boerh</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=+Boerh.&rft.au=International+Plant+Names+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FadvAuthorSearch.do%3Ffind_abbreviation%3DBoerh.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Guggenheim, K. Y. "Herman Boerhaave on nutrition." <i>The Journal of Nutrition</i> 118, no. 2 (1988): 141–143. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjn%2F118.2.141">10.1093/jn/118.2.141</a></li> <li>Mendelsohn, Everett (2003). <i>Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences</i>. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521524858" title="Special:BookSources/9780521524858">9780521524858</a></li> <li>Rina Knoeff (2002), "Herman Boerhaave (1668–1783): Calvinist chemist and physician." History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands, Volume 3. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Ashworth_Underwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Ashworth Underwood">Underwood, E. Ashworth</a>. "Boerhaave After Three Hundred Years." <i>The British Medical Journal</i> 4, no. 5634 (1968): 820–25. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20395297">20395297</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Boerhaave&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li>Ducheyne, Steffen (2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00033790.2017.1304574">"Different Shades of Newton: Herman Boerhaave on Isaac Newton <i>mathematicus</i>, <i>philosophus</i>, and <i>opto-chemicus</i>"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Science" title="Annals of Science">Annals of Science</a></i> 74(2): 108–125.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowers2012" class="citation book cs1">Powers, John C. (2012). <i>Inventing Chemistry: Herman Boerhaave and the Reform of the Chemical Arts</i>. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-67760-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-67760-6"><bdi>978-0-226-67760-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventing+Chemistry%3A+Herman+Boerhaave+and+the+Reform+of+the+Chemical+Arts&rft.place=Chicago%2C+London&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-226-67760-6&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Boerhaave&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Herman_Boerhaave" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Herman Boerhaave">Herman Boerhaave</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 38px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="38" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Herman_Boerhaave" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Herman Boerhaave">Herman Boerhaave</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boerhaave, Hermann"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boerhaave,_Hermann">"Boerhaave, Hermann" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boerhaave%2C+Hermann&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Boerhaave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>'s 1739 biography of him online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samueljohnson.com/boerhaave.html">Life of Herman Boerhaave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumboerhaave.nl/">Museum Boerhaave</a> in Leiden, National Museum of the History of Science and Medicine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/344/2/138">A recent discussion of Boerhaave's Syndrome</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413182227/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/344/2/138">Archived</a> 13 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in the New England Journal of Medicine (subscription required)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6193">Works by Herman Boerhaave</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Boerhaave%2C%20Herman%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Herman%20Boerhaave%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Boerhaave%2C%20Herman%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Herman%20Boerhaave%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Boerhaave%2C%20H%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Herman%20Boerhaave%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Boerhaave%2C%20Herman%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Herman%20Boerhaave%22%29%20OR%20%28%221668-1738%22%20AND%20Boerhaave%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Herman Boerhaave</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL863081A">Works</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=101856">Herman Boerhaave</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hermanniboerhaa00boergoog">"Aphorismi de Cognoscendis et Curandis Morbis" (1709; “Aphorisms on the Recognition and Treatment of Diseases”)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916115830/http://personal.telefonica.terra.es/web/rotochem/Boer.html">"Elementa Chemiae" (1733) (<i>Elements of Chemistry</i>)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612173212/http://usuarios.lycos.es/rotedu/Shaw.html">"A New Method of Chemistry" (1741 & 1753) (<i>English Translation of </i>"Elementa Chemiae"<i> by Peter Shaw</i>)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.javed-chaudhry.com/zindagi-ka-khoya-howa-sira-by-javed-chaudhry/">Javed Chaudhry Article about Herman Boerhaave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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<h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="هيرمان بورهافا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيرمان بورهافا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87" title="هرمان بورهاوه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هرمان بورهاوه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8D" title="Герман Бургавэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герман Бургавэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87" title="هرمان بورهاوه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرمان بورهاوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C_%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%95%98%EB%B2%84" title="헤르만 부르하버 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤르만 부르하버" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="हेरमान बूरहावे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेरमान बूरहावे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermannus_Boerhaave" title="Hermannus Boerhaave – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hermannus Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="هيرمان بورهافا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيرمان بورهافا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7" title="ヘルマン・ブールハーフェ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘルマン・ブールハーフェ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бургаве, Герман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бургаве, Герман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Херман Боерхев – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Херман Боерхев" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Boerhaave" title="Hermann Boerhaave – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hermann Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Herman Boerhaave" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Герман Бургаве – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герман Бургаве" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%93%88%E5%A4%AB" title="赫尔曼·布尔哈夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫尔曼·布尔哈夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 10:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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