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Khatiri</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Wafaa El Khatiri"> <meta name="keywords" content="Wafaa El Khatiri"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Wafaa El Khatiri"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 22</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Wafaa El Khatiri</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Enhancing Transfer Path Analysis with In-Situ Component Transfer Path Analysis for Interface Forces Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raef%20Cherif">Raef Cherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houssine%20Bakkali"> Houssine Bakkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20El%20Khatiri"> Wafaa El Khatiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yacine%20Yaddaden"> Yacine Yaddaden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of how vibrations are transmitted between components is required in many engineering applications. Transfer path analysis (TPA) has been a valuable engineering tool for solving Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH problems using sub-structuring applications. The most challenging part of a TPA analysis is estimating the equivalent forces at the contact points between the active and the passive side. Component TPA in situ Method calculates these forces by inverting the frequency response functions (FRFs) measured at the passive subsystem, relating the motion at indicator points to forces at the interface. However, matrix inversion could pose problems due to the ill-conditioning of the matrices leading to inaccurate results. This paper establishes a TPA model for an academic system consisting of two plates linked by four springs. A numerical study has been performed to improve the interface forces identification. Several parameters are studied and discussed, such as the singular value rejection and the number and position of indicator points chosen and used in the inversion matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20path%20analysis" title="transfer path analysis">transfer path analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20inverse%20method" title=" matrix inverse method"> matrix inverse method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicator%20points" title=" indicator points"> indicator points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVD%20decomposition" title=" SVD decomposition"> SVD decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166401/enhancing-transfer-path-analysis-with-in-situ-component-transfer-path-analysis-for-interface-forces-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Serological Screening of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Sudanese Patients with Leukemia, Breast and Prostate Cancers at Radiation-Isotope Center in Khartoum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abuelquasim.%20M.%20Hassan">Abuelquasim. M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namarig%20.S.%20Mohammed"> Namarig .S. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samah%20F.%20Mohammed"> Samah F. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa.%20A.%20Mohammed"> Wafaa. A. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20M.%20Edriss"> Wafaa M. Edriss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20A.%20Ahmed"> Amel A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elfadil%20M.%20Abass"> Elfadil M. Abass</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus, usually causes asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent hosts; however, it may lead to serious complications especially in cancer patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) among leukemia, breast and prostate cancer patients attending at Radiation Isotope-Center-Khartoum (RICK) from April to August 2016. Material and Methods: A total of 91 subjects were included: 30 leukemic, 22 breast cancer and 29 prostate cancer patients.10 of them were healthy and used as control group, serum samples were collected and tested for CMV IgG & IgM using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Of the control group, 9/10 (9.9%) were seropositive for CMV IgG and 1/10 (1.09%) were sero positive for IgM. Also, all cancer groups demonstrated presence of IgG antibody classes as: The percentage of positive results in prostate, breast cancer and leukemia were 35.8 %, 37.2%, and 35.3% respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between leukemia, breast, prostate and HCMV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytomegalovirus" title="cytomegalovirus">cytomegalovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serodiagnostic" title=" serodiagnostic"> serodiagnostic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leukemia" title=" leukemia"> leukemia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57018/serological-screening-of-cytomegalovirus-infection-among-sudanese-patients-with-leukemia-breast-and-prostate-cancers-at-radiation-isotope-center-in-khartoum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Knowledge State of Medical Students in Morocco Regarding Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elidrissi%20Laila">Elidrissi Laila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Rhaoussi%20Fatima-Zahra"> El Rhaoussi Fatima-Zahra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haddad%20Fouad"> Haddad Fouad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahiri%20Mohamed"> Tahiri Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hliwa%20Wafaa"> Hliwa Wafaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bellabah%20Ahmed"> Bellabah Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badre%20Wafaa"> Badre Wafaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD), formerly known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. The cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MASLD represent common health issues and significant public health challenges. Medical students, being active participants in the healthcare system and a young demographic, are particularly relevant for understanding this entity to prevent its occurrence on a personal and collective level. The objective of our study is to assess the level of knowledge among medical students regarding MASLD, its risk factors, and its long-term consequences. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire distributed through social media over a period of 2 weeks. Medical students from various faculties in Morocco answered 22 questions about MASLD, its etiological factors, diagnosis, complications, and principles of treatment. All responses were analyzed using the Jamovi software. Results: A total of 124 students voluntarily provided complete responses. 59% of our participants were in their 3rd year, with a median age of 21 years. Among the respondents, 27% were overweight, obese, or diabetic. 83% correctly answered more than half of the questions, and 77% believed they knew about MASLD. However, 84% of students were unaware that MASLD is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, and 12% even considered it a rare condition. Regarding etiological factors, overweight and obesity were mentioned in 93% of responses, and type 2 diabetes in 84%. 62% of participants believed that type 1 diabetes could not be implicated in MASLD. For 83 students, MASLD was considered a diagnosis of exclusion, while 41 students believed that a biopsy was mandatory for diagnosis. 12% believed that MASLD did not lead to long-term complications, and 44% were unaware that MASLD could progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Regarding treatment, 85% included weight loss, and 19% did not consider diabetes management as a therapeutic approach for MASLD. At the end of the questionnaire, 89% of the students expressed a desire to learn more about MASLD and were invited to access an informative sheet through a hyperlink. Conclusion: MASLD represents a significant public health concern due to the prevalence of its risk factors, notably the obesity pandemic, which is widespread among the young population. There is a need for awareness about the seriousness of this emerging and long-underestimated condition among young future physicians. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MASLD" title="MASLD">MASLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171803/knowledge-state-of-medical-students-in-morocco-regarding-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-with-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-masld" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Sustainable Transformative Approaches to Reuse the Built Heritage of Erbil Citadel Houses as Part of Restoration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Anwar%20Sulaiman%20Goriel">Wafaa Anwar Sulaiman Goriel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The historiography of the Revival heritage aims to breathe a wider spirit of historical building back into life. This paper reflects an approach to revitalizing architectural antiquities through unusual methodologies elsewhere unknown in the renovation heritage sphere using the Erbil Citadel houses as a example. The 6000-year-old, continuously occupied site of Erbil Citadel embodies the challenges and mutual opportunities in ensuring that historical context is preserved during modern redevelopment. It shows how these principles can engage traditional construction systems with modern materials and technologies. It is an approach that champions the age and integrity of restored heritage sites, containing within its vernacular style elements which add to a sense of relevance when contextually re-set in modern settings. Some Citadel’s houses will be discussed in the paper and the restoration method has been processed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erbil%20Citadel%20houses" title="Erbil Citadel houses">Erbil Citadel houses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservation" title=" preservation"> preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20sites" title=" historical sites"> historical sites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192657/sustainable-transformative-approaches-to-reuse-the-built-heritage-of-erbil-citadel-houses-as-part-of-restoration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Radiological Hazard Assessments and Control of Radionuclides Emitted from Building Materials in Kuwait Using Expert Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulla%20Almulla">Abdulla Almulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Mahdi"> Wafaa Mahdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building materials can make a significant contribution to the level of natural radioactivity in closed dwelling areas. Therefore, developing an expert system for monitoring the activity concentrations (ACs) of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) existing in building materials is useful for limiting the population’s exposure to gamma radiation emitted from those materials. The present work not only is aimed at examining the indoor radon concentration emitted by the building materials that are originated from various countries but are commercially available in Kuwait, but also is aimed at developing an expert system for monitoring the radiation emitted from these materials and classifying it as normal (acceptable) or dangerous (unacceptable). This system makes it possible to always monitor any radiological risks to human health. When detecting high doses of radiation, the system gives warning messages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20materials" title="building materials">building materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NORMs" title=" NORMs"> NORMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HNBRA" title=" HNBRA"> HNBRA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radionuclides" title=" radionuclides"> radionuclides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20concentrations" title=" activity concentrations"> activity concentrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20systems" title=" expert systems"> expert systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154286/radiological-hazard-assessments-and-control-of-radionuclides-emitted-from-building-materials-in-kuwait-using-expert-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Predictors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Egyptian Obese Adolescents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moushira%20Zaki">Moushira Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Ezzat"> Wafaa Ezzat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Elhosary"> Yasser Elhosary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20Saleh"> Omnia Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased in conjunction with obesity. The accuracy of risk factors for detecting NAFLD in obese adolescents has not undergone a formal evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors of NAFLD among Egyptian female obese adolescents. The study included 162 obese female adolescents. All were subjected to anthropometry, biochemical analysis and abdominal ultrasongraphic assessment. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to the IDF criteria. Significant association between presence of MS and NAFLD was observed. Obese adolescents with NAFLD had significantly higher levels of ALT, triglycerides, fasting glucose, insulin, blood pressure and HOMA-IR, whereas decreased HDL-C levels as compared with obese cases without NAFLD. Receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis shows that ALT is a sensitive predictor for NAFLD, confirming that ALT can be used as a marker of NAFLD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title="obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NAFLD" title=" NAFLD"> NAFLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors" title=" predictors"> predictors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptians" title=" Egyptians"> Egyptians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence "> prevalence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8335/predictors-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-egyptian-obese-adolescents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Prediction of the Regioselectivity of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides with 2(5H)-Furanones Using Recent Theoretical Reactivity Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imad%20Eddine%20Charif">Imad Eddine Charif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Benchouk"> Wafaa Benchouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidi%20Mohamed%20Mekelleche"> Sidi Mohamed Mekelleche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The regioselectivity of a series of 16 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides with 2(5H)-furanones has been analysed by means of global and local electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivity indices using density functional theory at the B3LYP level together with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The local electrophilicity and nucleophilicity indices, based on Fukui and Parr functions, have been calculated for the terminal sites, namely the C1 and O3 atoms of the 1,3-dipole and the C4 and C5 atoms of the dipolarophile. These local indices were calculated using both Mulliken and natural charges and spin densities. The results obtained show that the C5 atom of the 2(5H)-furanones is the most electrophilic site whereas the O3 atom of the nitrile oxides is the most nucleophilic centre. It turns out that the experimental regioselectivity is correctly reproduced, indicating that both Fukui- and Parr-based indices are efficient tools for the prediction of the regiochemistry of the studied reactions and could be used for the prediction of newly designed reactions of the same kind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1" title="1">1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-dipolar%20cycloaddition" title="3-dipolar cycloaddition">3-dipolar cycloaddition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title=" density functional theory"> density functional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrile%20oxides" title=" nitrile oxides"> nitrile oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regioselectivity" title=" regioselectivity"> regioselectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivity%20indices" title=" reactivity indices"> reactivity indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92661/prediction-of-the-regioselectivity-of-13-dipolar-cycloaddition-reactions-of-nitrile-oxides-with-25h-furanones-using-recent-theoretical-reactivity-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Accounting Legislation, Corporate Governance Codes and Disclosure in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Haddad">Ayman Haddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Sbeiti"> Wafaa Sbeiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20Qasem"> Amr Qasem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the most influential economic changes and accounting legislation affecting financial reporting and disclosure practices in Jordan. It also provides an overview of disclosure studies conducted in Jordan covering the year(s) between 1986 and 2014. The economic changes in Jordan required conducting economic reform and revising/issuing new regulations and financial market reforms that led to an improvement in disclosure practices. The issuance of Temporary Securities Law and its Directives of Disclosure in 1997, which came into effect in 1998, is considered as the turning point in the improvement of disclosure practice in Jordan. Based on a review of prior disclosure studies, we conclude that disclosure practices have improved overtime. We also observe that that firm size as a factor has always affected the level of disclosure in Jordan and followed by external auditing while liquidity was found to have the least effect. The paper also addresses the disclosure items required in Corporate Governance Codes that exist for listed shareholding companies, banks, and insurance companies. Finally, the paper discusses the quality of accounting education in Jordan since prior studies noted its impact on accounting practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20legislation" title="accounting legislation">accounting legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disclosure%20practice" title=" disclosure practice"> disclosure practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47934/accounting-legislation-corporate-governance-codes-and-disclosure-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Effect of Implementing a Teaching Module about Diet and Exercises on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Gout</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20M.%20El-%20Kotb">Wafaa M. El- Kotb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheir%20Mohamed%20Weheida"> Soheir Mohamed Weheida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20E.%20Fareed"> Manal E. Fareed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to determine the effect of implementing a teaching module about diet and exercises on clinical outcomes of patients with gout. Subjects: A purposive sample of 60 adult gouty patients was selected and randomly and alternatively divided into two equal groups 30 patients in each. Setting: The study was conducted in orthopedic out patient's clinic of Menoufia University. Tools of the study: Three tools were utilized for data collection: Knowledge assessment structured interview questionnaire, Clinical manifestation assessment tools and Nutritional assessment sheet. Results: All patients of both groups (100 %) had poor total knowledge score pre teaching, while 90 % of the study group had good total knowledge score post teaching by three months compared to 3.3 % of the control group. Moreover the recovery outcomes were significantly improved among study group compared to control group post teaching. Conclusion: Teaching study group about diet and exercises significantly improved their clinical outcomes. Recommendation: Patient's education about diet and exercises should be ongoing process for patients with gout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20outcomes" title="clinical outcomes">clinical outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title=" diet"> diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercises" title=" exercises"> exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20module" title=" teaching module"> teaching module</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25277/effect-of-implementing-a-teaching-module-about-diet-and-exercises-on-clinical-outcomes-of-patients-with-gout" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> A Quantitative Analysis for the Correlation between Corporate Financial and Social Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Salah">Wafaa Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20A.%20Salama"> Mostafa A. Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20Doe"> Jane Doe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the corporate social performance (CSP) is not less important than the corporate financial performance (CFP). Debate still exists about the nature of the relationship between the CSP and CFP, whether it is a positive, negative or a neutral correlation. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports and CFP. The study uses the accounting-based and market-based quantitative measures to quantify the financial performance of seven organizations listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange in 2007-2014. Then uses the information retrieval technologies to quantify the contribution of each of the three dimensions of the corporate social responsibility report (environmental, social and economic). Finally, the correlation between these two sets of variables is viewed together in a model to detect the correlations between them. This model is applied on seven firms that generate social responsibility reports. The results show a positive correlation between the Earnings per share (market based measure) and the economical dimension in the CSR report. On the other hand, total assets and property, plant and equipment (accounting-based measure) are positively correlated to the environmental and social dimensions of the CSR reports. While there is not any significant relationship between ROA, ROE, Operating income and corporate social responsibility. This study contributes to the literature by providing more clarification of the relationship between CFP and the isolated CSR activities in a developing country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial" title="financial">financial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social" title=" social"> social</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20performance" title=" corporate social performance"> corporate social performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title=" corporate social responsibility"> corporate social responsibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48559/a-quantitative-analysis-for-the-correlation-between-corporate-financial-and-social-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Prime Graphs of Polynomials and Power Series Over Non-Commutative Rings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walaa%20Obaidallah%20Alqarafi">Walaa Obaidallah Alqarafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Mohammed%20Fakieh"> Wafaa Mohammed Fakieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Abdallah%20Altassan"> Alaa Abdallah Altassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Algebraic graph theory is defined as a bridge between algebraic structures and graphs. It has several uses in many fields, including chemistry, physics, and computer science. The prime graph is a type of graph associated with a ring R, where the vertex set is the whole ring R, and two vertices x and y are adjacent if either xRy=0 or yRx=0. However, the investigation of the prime graph over rings remains relatively limited. The behavior of this graph in extended rings, like R[x] and R[[x]], where R is a non-commutative ring, deserves more attention because of the wider applicability in algebra and other mathematical fields. To study the prime graphs over polynomials and power series rings, we used a combination of ring-theoretic and graph-theoretic techniques. This paper focuses on two invariants: the diameter and the girth of these graphs. Furthermore, the work discusses how the graph structures change when passing from R to R[x] and R[[x]]. In our study, we found that the set of strong zero-divisors of ring R represents the set of vertices in prime graphs. Based on this discovery, we redefined the vertices of prime graphs using the definition of strong zero divisors. Additionally, our results show that although the prime graphs of R[x] and R[[x]] are comparable to the graph of R, they have different combinatorial characteristics since these extensions contain new strong zero-divisors. In particular, we find conditions in which the diameter and girth of the graphs, as they expand from R to R[x] and R[[x]], do not change or do change. In conclusion, this study shows how extending a non-commutative ring R to R[x] and R[[x]] affects the structure of their prime graphs, particularly in terms of diameter and girth. These findings enhance the understanding of the relationship between ring extensions and graph properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prime%20graph" title="prime graph">prime graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diameter" title=" diameter"> diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=girth" title=" girth"> girth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial%20ring" title=" polynomial ring"> polynomial ring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20series%20ring" title=" power series ring"> power series ring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192430/prime-graphs-of-polynomials-and-power-series-over-non-commutative-rings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Osteitis in the Diabetic Foot in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Adaour">Mohamed Amine Adaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadek%20Bachene"> Mohamed Sadek Bachene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaab%20Fortassi"> Mosaab Fortassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Siouda"> Wafaa Siouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> — Foot infections are responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. The objective of our study is to analyze and evaluate the management of diabetic foot in a surgical setting. A retrospective study was conducted based on a selected case of suspected diabetic foot infections of osteitis treated at the Mohamed Boudiaf hospital in Medea.The case was reiterated as a therapeutic charge, consisting of treating first the infection of the soft tissues, then the osteitis: biopsy after at least 15 days of cessation of antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment of osteitis was defined at the end of a follow-up period of complete wound healing, lack of bone resection/amputation surgery at the initial bone site during follow-up , Instead, biopsies are prescribed in the treatment of soft tissue infection. The mean duration of treatment for soft tissue infection was 2-3 weeks, the duration of the antibiotic-free window of therapy prior to bone biopsy was 2-4 weeks. This patient received medical management without surgical resection. The success rate for treating osteitis at one year was 73%, and healing at one year was 88%.It is often limited to a sausage of the foot at the cost of repeated amputations. The best management remains prevention, which necessarily involves setting up a specialized and adapted centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title="diabetic foot">diabetic foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20biopsy" title=" bone biopsy"> bone biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteitis" title=" osteitis"> osteitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algeria" title=" algeria"> algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167195/osteitis-in-the-diabetic-foot-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Enhancement of Rice Straw Composting Using UV Induced Mutants of Penicillium Strain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20N.%20M.%20El%20Sebai">T. N. M. El Sebai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Khattab"> A. A. Khattab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20M.%20Abd-El%20Rahim"> Wafaa M. Abd-El Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Moawad"> H. Moawad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fungal mutant strains have produced cellulase and xylanase enzymes, and have induced high hydrolysis with enhanced of rice straw. The mutants were obtained by exposing Penicillium strain to UV-light treatments. Screening and selection after treatment with UV-light were carried out using cellulolytic and xylanolytic clear zones method to select the hypercellulolytic and hyperxylanolytic mutants. These mutants were evaluated for their cellulase and xylanase enzyme production as well as their abilities for biodegradation of rice straw. The mutant 12 UV/1 produced 306.21% and 209.91% cellulase and xylanase, respectively, as compared with the original wild type strain. This mutant showed high capacity of rice straw degradation. The effectiveness of tested mutant strain and that of wild strain was compared in relation to enhancing the composting process of rice straw and animal manures mixture. The results obtained showed that the compost product of inoculated mixture with mutant strain (12 UV/1) was the best compared to the wild strain and un-inoculated mixture. Analysis of the composted materials showed that the characteristics of the produced compost were close to those of the high quality standard compost. The results obtained in the present work suggest that the combination between rice straw and animal manure could be used for enhancing the composting process of rice straw and particularly when applied with fungal decomposer accelerating the composting process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20straw" title="rice straw">rice straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composting" title=" composting"> composting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20mutants" title=" UV mutants"> UV mutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penicillium" title=" Penicillium"> Penicillium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7467/enhancement-of-rice-straw-composting-using-uv-induced-mutants-of-penicillium-strain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Physiopathology of Osteitis in the Diabetic Foot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Adaour">Mohamed Amine Adaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadek%20Bachene"> Mohamed Sadek Bachene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaab%20Fortassi"> Mosaab Fortassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Siouda"> Wafaa Siouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot infections are responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. The objective of our study is to analyze and evaluate the management of diabetic foot in a surgical setting. A retrospective study was conducted based on a selected case of suspected diabetic foot infections of osteitis treated at the Mohamed Boudiaf hospital in Medea. The case was reiterated as a therapeutic charge, consisting of treating first the infection of the soft tissues, then the osteitis: biopsy after at least 15 days of cessation of antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment of osteitis was defined at the end of a follow-up period of complete wound healing, lack of bone resection/amputation surgery at the initial bone site during follow-up , Instead, biopsies are prescribed in the treatment of soft tissue infection. The mean duration of treatment for soft tissue infection was 2-3 weeks, the duration of the antibiotic-free window of therapy prior to bone biopsy was 2-4 weeks. This patient received medical management without surgical resection. The success rate for treating osteitis at one year was 73%, and healing at one year was 88%.It is often limited to a sausage of the foot at the cost of repeated amputations. The best management remains prevention, which necessarily involves setting up a specialized and adapted centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteitis" title="osteitis">osteitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20therapy" title=" antibiotic therapy"> antibiotic therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20biopsy" title=" bone biopsy"> bone biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title=" diabetic foot"> diabetic foot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164851/physiopathology-of-osteitis-in-the-diabetic-foot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Osteitis in the Diabetic Foot and the Risk Factor on the Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Adaour">Mohamed Amine Adaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadek%20Bachene"> Mohamed Sadek Bachene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaab%20Fortassi"> Mosaab Fortassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Siouda"> Wafaa Siouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot infections are responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. The objective of our study is to analyze and evaluate the management of diabetic foot in a surgical setting. A retrospective study was conducted based on a selected case of suspected diabetic foot infections of osteitis treated at the Mohamed Boudiaf hospital in Medea.The case was reiterated as a therapeutic charge, consisting of treating first the infection of the soft tissues, then the osteitis: biopsy after at least 15 days of cessation of antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment of osteitis was defined at the end of a follow-up period of complete wound healing, lack of bone resection/amputation surgery at the initial bone site during follow-up , Instead, biopsies are prescribed in the treatment of soft tissue infection. The mean duration of treatment for soft tissue infection was 2-3 weeks, the duration of the antibiotic-free window of therapy prior to bone biopsy was 2-4 weeks. This patient received medical management without surgical resection. The success rate for treating osteitis at one year was 73%, and healing at one year was 88%.It is often limited to a sausage of the foot at the cost of repeated amputations. The best management remains prevention, which necessarily involves setting up a specialized and adapted centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteitis" title="osteitis">osteitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title=" antibiotic"> antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopsy" title=" biopsy"> biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title=" diabetic foot"> diabetic foot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166247/osteitis-in-the-diabetic-foot-and-the-risk-factor-on-the-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Diagnostic Physiopathology of Osteitis in the Diabetic Foot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adaour%20Mohamed%20Amine">Adaour Mohamed Amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachene%20Mohamed%20Sadek"> Bachene Mohamed Sadek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fortassi%20Mosaab"> Fortassi Mosaab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siouda%20Wafaa"> Siouda Wafaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot infections are responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. The objective of our study is to analyze and evaluate the management of diabetic foot in a surgical setting. A retrospective study was conducted based on a selected case of suspected diabetic foot infections of osteitis treated at the Mohamed Boudiaf hospital in Medea. The case was reiterated as a therapeutic charge, consisting of treating first the infection of the soft tissues, then the osteitis: biopsy after at least 15 days of cessation of antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment of osteitis was defined at the end of a follow-up period of complete wound healing, lack of bone resection/amputation surgery at the initial bone site during follow-up , Instead, biopsies are prescribed in the treatment of soft tissue infection. The mean duration of treatment for soft tissue infection was 2-3 weeks, the duration of the antibiotic-free window of therapy prior to bone biopsy was 2-4 weeks. This patient received medical management without surgical resection. The success rate for treating osteitis at one year was 73% and healing at one year was 88%.It is often limited to a sausage of the foot at the cost of repeated amputations. The best management remains prevention, which necessarily involves setting up a specialized and adapted centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteitis" title="osteitis">osteitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20therapy" title=" antibiotic therapy"> antibiotic therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20biopsy" title=" bone biopsy"> bone biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title=" diabetic foot"> diabetic foot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158595/diagnostic-physiopathology-of-osteitis-in-the-diabetic-foot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Importance of Clinicopathological Features for Differentiation Between Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20E.%20Esheba">Ghada E. Esheba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadeer%20F.%20Alharthi"> Ghadeer F. Alharthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duaa%20A.%20Alhejaili"> Duaa A. Alhejaili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawan%20E.%20%20Hudairy"> Rawan E. Hudairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20A.%20Altaezi"> Wafaa A. Altaezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghad%20M.%20Alhejaili"> Raghad M. Alhejaili </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of two specific gastrointestinal disorders: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Despite their distinct natures, these two diseases share many similar etiologic, clinical and pathological features, as a result, their accurate differential diagnosis may sometimes be difficult. Correct diagnosis is important because surgical treatment and long-term prognosis differ from UC and CD. Aim: This study aims to study the characteristic clinicopathological features which help in the differential diagnosis between UC and CD, and assess the disease activity in ulcerative colitis. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 50 selected cases. The cases included 27 cases of UC and 23 cases of CD. All the cases were examined using H& E and immunohistochemically for bcl-2 expression. Results: Characteristic features of UC include: decrease in mucous content, irregular or villous surface, crypt distortion, and cryptitis, whereas the main cardinal histopathological features seen in CD were: epitheloid granuloma, transmural chronic inflammation, absence of mucin depletion, irregular surface, or crypt distortion. 3 cases of UC were found to be associated with dysplasia. UC mucosa contains fewer Bcl-2+ cells compared with CD mucosa. Conclusion: This study using multiple parameters such clinicopathological features and Bcl-2 expression as studied by immunohistochemical stain, helped to gain an accurate differentiation between UC and CD. Furthermore, this work spotted the light on the activity and different grades of UC which could be important for the prediction of relapse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crohn%27s%20disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dysplasia" title=" dysplasia"> dysplasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59178/the-importance-of-clinicopathological-features-for-differentiation-between-crohns-disease-and-ulcerative-colitis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Optimization of the Culture Medium, Incubation Period, pH and Temperatures for Maximal Dye Bioremoval Using A. Fumigates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20M.%20Abd%20El-Rahim">Wafaa M. Abd El-Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20A.%20El-Meleigy"> Magda A. El-Meleigy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Refaat"> Eman Refaat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study dealing with optimization the conditions affecting the formation of extracellular lignin- degrading enzymes to achieve maximal decolorization activity of Direct Violet dye by one fungal strain. In this study Aspergillus fumigates fungal strain used for production extracellular ligninolytic enzymes for removing Direct Violet dye under different conditions: culture medium, incubation period, pH and temperatures. The results indicted that the removal efficiency of A. fumigatus was enhanced by addition glucose and peptone to the culture medium. The addition of peptone and glucose was found to increase the decolorization activity of the fungal isolate from 51.38% to 93.74% after 4 days of incubation. The highest production of extracellular lignin degrading enzymes also recorded in Direct Violet dye medium supplemented with peptone and glucose. It was also found the decolorization activity of A. fumigatus was decreased gradually by increasing the incubation period up to 4 days. Also it was found that the fungal strain can grow and produce extracellular ligninolytic enzymes which accompanied by efficient removal of Direct Violet dye in a wide pH range of 4-8. The results also found that the maximal biosynthesis of ligninolytic enzymes which accompanied with maximal removal of Direct Violet dye was obtained at a temperature of 28C. This indicates that the different conditions of culture medium, incubation period, pH and temperatures are effective on dye decolorization on the fungal biomass and played a role in Direct Violet dye removal along with enzymatic activity of A. fumigatus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20fumigates" title="A. fumigates">A. fumigates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracellular%20lignin-%20degrading%20enzymes" title=" extracellular lignin- degrading enzymes"> extracellular lignin- degrading enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20dye" title=" textile dye"> textile dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20removing" title=" dye removing"> dye removing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17335/optimization-of-the-culture-medium-incubation-period-ph-and-temperatures-for-maximal-dye-bioremoval-using-a-fumigates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Stereotypical Images of Marginalized Women in the Poetry of Rita Dove</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Kamal%20Isaac">Wafaa Kamal Isaac</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to shed light upon the stereotypical images of marginalized black women as shown through the poetry of Rita Dove. Meanwhile, it explores how stereotypical images held by the society and public perceptions perpetuate the marginalization of black women. Dove is considered one of the most fundamental African-American poets who devoted her writings to explore the problem of identity that confronted marginalized women in America. Besides tackling the issue of black women’s stereotypical images, this paper focuses upon the psychological damage which the black women had suffered from due to their stripped identity. In ‘Thomas and Beulah’, Dove reflects the black woman’s longing for her homeland in order to make up for her lost identity. This poem represents atavistic feelings deal with certain recurrent images, both aural and visual, like the image of Beulah who represents the African-American woman who searches for an identity, as she is being denied and humiliated one in the newly founded society. In an attempt to protest against the stereotypical mule image that had been imposed upon black women in America, Dove in ‘On the Bus with Rosa Parks’ tries to ignite the beaten spirits to struggle for their own rights by revitalizing the rebellious nature and strong determination of the historical figure ‘Rosa Parks’ that sparked the Civil Rights Movement. In ‘Daystar’, Dove proves that black women are subjected to double-edged oppression; firstly, in terms of race as a black woman in an unjust white society that violates her rights due to her black origins and secondly, in terms of gender as a member of the female sex that is meant to exist only to serve man’s needs. Similarly, in the ‘Adolescence’ series, Dove focuses on the double marginalization which the black women had experienced. It concludes that the marginalization of black women has resulted from the domination of the masculine world and the oppression of the white world. Moreover, Dove’s ‘Beauty and the Beast’ investigates the African-American women’s problem of estrangement and identity crisis in America. It also sheds light upon the psychological consequences that resulted from the violation of marginalized women’s identity. Furthermore, this poem shows the black women’s self-debasement, helplessness, and double consciousness that emanate from the sense of uprootedness. Finally, this paper finds out that the negative, debased and inferior stereotypical image held by the society did not only contribute to the marginalization of black women but also silenced and muted their voices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotypical%20images" title="stereotypical images">stereotypical images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginalized%20women" title=" marginalized women"> marginalized women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Dove" title=" Rita Dove"> Rita Dove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108302/the-stereotypical-images-of-marginalized-women-in-the-poetry-of-rita-dove" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Implementation of Cord- Blood Derived Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Two Experimental Models: Carbon Tetrachloride and S. Mansoni Induced Liver Fibrosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20M.%20Kame">Manal M. Kame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20A.%20Demerdash"> Zeinab A. Demerdash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20G.%20El-Baz"> Hanan G. El-Baz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20M.%20Hassan"> Salwa M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faten%20M.%20Salah"> Faten M. Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Mansour"> Wafaa Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olfat%20Hammam"> Olfat Hammam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cord blood (CB) derived Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells (USSCs) with their multipotentiality hold great promise in liver regeneration. This work aims at evaluation of the therapeutic potentiality of USSCs in two experimental models of chronic liver injury induced either by S. mansoni infection in balb/c mice or CCL4 injection in hamsters. Isolation, propagation, and characterization of USSCs from CB samples were performed. USSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and hepatocyte-like cells. Cells of the third passage were transplanted in two models of liver fibrosis: (1) Twenty hamsters were induced to liver fibrosis by repeated i. p. injection of 100 μl CCl4 /hamster for 8 weeks. This model was designed as; 10 hamsters with liver fibrosis and treated with i.h. injection of 3x106 USSCs (USSCs transplanted group), 10 hamsters with liver fibrosis (pathological control group), and 10 hamsters with healthy livers (normal control group). (2) Murine chronics S.mansoni model: twenty mice were induced to liver fibrosis with S. mansoni ceracariae (60 cercariae/ mouse) using the tail immersion method and left for 12 weeks. This model was designed as; 10 mice with liver fibrosis were transplanted with i. v. injection of 1×106 USCCs (USSCs transplanted group). Other 2 groups were designed as in hamsters model. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after USSCs transplantation, and their liver sections were examined for detection of human hepatocyte-like cells by immunohistochemistry staining. Moreover, liver sections were examined for fibrosis level, and fibrotic indices were calculated. Sera of sacrificed animals were tested for liver functions. CB USSCs, with fibroblast-like morphology, expressed high levels of CD44, CD90, CD73 and CD105 and were negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. USSCs showed high expression of transcripts for Oct4 and Sox2 and were in vitro differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes. In both animal models, in vitro induced hepatocyte-like cells were confirmed by cytoplasmic expression of glycogen, alpha-fetoprotein, and cytokeratin18. Livers of USSCs transplanted group showed engraftment with human hepatocyte-like cells as proved by cytoplasmic expression of human alpha-fetoprotein, cytokeratin18, and OV6. In addition, livers of this group showed less fibrosis than the pathological control group. Liver functions in the form of serum AST & ALT level and serum total bilirubin level were significantly lowered in USSCs transplanted group than pathological control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the fibrotic index was significantly lower (p< 0.001) in USSCs transplanted group than pathological control group. In addition liver sections, of i. v. injection of 1×106 USCCs of mice, stained with either H&E or sirius red showed diminished granuloma size and a relative decrease in hepatic fibrosis. Our experimental liver fibrosis models transplanted with CB-USSCs showed liver engraftment with human hepatocyte-like cells as well as signs of liver regeneration in the form of improvement in liver function assays and fibrosis level. These data provide hope that human CB- derived USSCs are introduced as multipotent stem cells with great potentiality in regenerative medicine & strengthens the concept of cellular therapy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cord%20blood" title="cord blood">cord blood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20fibrosis" title=" liver fibrosis"> liver fibrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cells" title=" stem cells"> stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transplantation" title=" transplantation"> transplantation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30937/implementation-of-cord-blood-derived-stem-cells-in-the-regeneration-of-two-experimental-models-carbon-tetrachloride-and-s-mansoni-induced-liver-fibrosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Gene Cloning and Expression of Azoreductases from Azo-Degraders Lysinibacillus macrolides and Bacillus coagulans Isolated from Egyptian Industrial Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omaima%20A.%20Sharaf">Omaima A. Sharaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20M.%20Abd%20El-Rahim"> Wafaa M. Abd El-Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Moawad"> Hassan Moawad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20J.%20Sadowsky"> Michael J. Sadowsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Textile industry is one of the important industries in the worldwide. It is known that the eco-friendly industrial and agricultural activities are significant for socio-economic stability of all countries. The absence of appropriate industrial waste water treatments is essential barrier for sustainable development in food and agricultural sectors especially in developing country like Egypt. Thus, the development of enzymatic bioremediation technology for textile dye removal will enhance the collaboration between scientists who develop the technology and industry where this technology will be implemented towards the safe disposal of the textile dye wastes. Highly efficient microorganisms are of most importance in developing and using highly effective biological treatment processes. Bacterial degradation of azo dyes is generally initiated by an enzymatic step that involves cleavage of azo linkages, usually with the aid of an azoreductase as electron donor. Thus, expanding the spectrum of microorganisms with high enzymatic activities as azoreductases and discovering novel azo-dye degrading enzymes, with enhanced stability and superior catalytic properties, are necessary for many environmental and industrial applications. Consequently, the use of molecular tools has become increasingly integrated into the understanding of enzyme properties and characterization. Researchers have utilized a gene cloning and expression methods as a tool to produce recombinant protein for decolorizing dyes more efficiently. Thus, presumptive evidence for the presence of genes encoding azoreductases in the genomes of selected local, and most potent azo-degrading strains were obtained by using specific oligonucleotides primers. These potent strains have been isolated from textile industrial wastewater in Egypt and identified using 16S rRNA sequence analysis as 'Lysinibacillus macrolidesB8, Brevibacillus parabrevisB11, Bacillus coagulansB7, and B. cereusB5'. PCR products of two full length genes designated as (AZO1;621bp and AZO2;534bp) were detected. BLASTx results indicated that AZO1 gene was corresponding to predicted azoreductase from of Bacillus sp. ABP14, complete genome, multispecies azoreductase [Bacillus], It was submitted to the gene bank by an accession no., BankIt2085371 AZO1 MG923210 (621bp; 207 amino acids). AZO1 was generated from the DNA of our identified strains Lysinibacillus macrolidesB8. On the other hand, AZO2 gene was corresponding to a predicted azoreductase from Bacillus cereus strain S2-8. Gene bank accession no. was BankIt2085839 AZO2 MG932081 (534bp;178 amino acids) and it was amplified from our Bacillus coagulansB7. Both genes were successfully cloned into pCR2.1TOPO (Invitrogen) and in pET28b+ vectors, then they transformed into E. coli DH5α and BL21(DE3) cells for heterologous expression studies. Our recombinant azoreductases (AZO1&AZO2) exhibited potential enzyme activity and efficiently decolorized an azo dye (Direct violet). They exhibited pH stability between 6 and 8 with optimum temperature up to 60°C and 37 °C after induction by 1mM and 1.5mM IPTG, for both AZO1 &AZO2, respectively. These results suggested that further optimization and purification of these recombinant proteins by using different heterologous expression systems will give great potential for the sustainable utilization of these recombinant enzymes in several industrial applications especially in wastewater treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azoreductases" title="azoreductases">azoreductases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decolorization" title=" decolorization"> decolorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20activity" title=" enzyme activity"> enzyme activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20cloning%20and%20expression" title=" gene cloning and expression"> gene cloning and expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96859/gene-cloning-and-expression-of-azoreductases-from-azo-degraders-lysinibacillus-macrolides-and-bacillus-coagulans-isolated-from-egyptian-industrial-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Critiquing Israel as Child Abuse: How Colonial White Feminism Disrupts Critical Pedagogies of Culturally Responsive and Relevant Practices and Inclusion through Ongoing and Historical Maternalism and Neoliberal Settler Colonialism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Hasan">Wafaa Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In May of 2022, Palestinian parents in Toronto, Canada, became aware that educators and staff in the Toronto District School Board were attempting to include the International Holocaust and Remembrance Definition of Antisemitism (IHRA) in The Child Abuse and Neglect Policy of the largest school board in Canada, The Toronto District School Board (TDSB). The idea was that if students were to express any form of antisemitism, as defined by the IHRA, then an investigation could follow with Child Protective Services (CPS). That is, the student’s parents could be reported to the state and investigated for custodial rights to their children. The TDSB has set apparent goals for “Decolonizing Pedagogy” (“TDSB Equity Leadership Competencies”), Culturally Responsive and Relevant Practices (CRRP) and inclusive education. These goals promote the centering of colonized, racialized and marginalized voices. CRRP cannot be effective without the application of anti-racist and settler colonial analyses. In order for CRRP to be effective, school boards need a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which the vilification of Palestinians operates through anti-indigenous and white supremacist systems and logic. Otherwise, their inclusion will always be in tension with the inclusion of settler colonial agendas and worldviews. Feminist maternalism frames racial mothering as degenerate (viewing the contributions of racialized students and their parents as products of primitive and violent cultures) and also indirectly inhibits the actualization of the tenets of CRRP and inclusive education through its extensions into the welfare state and public education. The contradiction between the tenets of CRRP and settler colonial systems of erasure and repression is resolved by the continuation of tactics to 1) force assimilation, 2) punish those who push back on that assimilation and 3) literally fragment familial and community structures of racialized students, educators and parents. This paper draws on interdisciplinary (history, philosophy, anthropology) critiques of white feminist “maternalism” from the 19th century onwards in North America and Europe (Jacobs, Weber), as well as “anti-racist education” theory (Dei), and more specifically,” culturally responsive learning,” (Muhammad) and “bandwidth” pedagogy theory (Verschelden) to make its claims. This research contributes to vibrant debates about anti-racist and decolonial pedagogies in public education systems globally. This paper also documents first-hand interviews and experiences of diasporic Palestinian mothers and motherhoods and situates their experiences within longstanding histories of white feminist maternalist (and eugenicist) politics. This informal qualitative data from "participatory conversations" (Swain) is situated within a set of formal interview data collected with Palestinian women in the West Bank (approved by the McMaster University Humanities Research Ethics Board) relating to white feminist maternalism in the peace and dialogue industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decolonial%20feminism" title="decolonial feminism">decolonial feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20feminism" title=" maternal feminism"> maternal feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-racist%20pedagogies" title=" anti-racist pedagogies"> anti-racist pedagogies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settler%20colonial%20studies" title=" settler colonial studies"> settler colonial studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motherhood%20studies" title=" motherhood studies"> motherhood studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy%20theory" title=" pedagogy theory"> pedagogy theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20theory" title=" cultural theory"> cultural theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172292/critiquing-israel-as-child-abuse-how-colonial-white-feminism-disrupts-critical-pedagogies-of-culturally-responsive-and-relevant-practices-and-inclusion-through-ongoing-and-historical-maternalism-and-neoliberal-settler-colonialism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div 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