CINXE.COM

Research < Yale School of Medicine

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SpeakableSpecification"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied' }); gtag('set', 'ads_data_redaction', true); </script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T29B2V8');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE"/> <title>Research &lt; Yale School of Medicine</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://p.typekit.net"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://p.typekit.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://use.typekit.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.gstatic.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.gstatic.com"> <meta name="title" property="og:title" content="Research" /> <meta itemprop="xpath" content="/html/head/meta[@property='og:title']/@content" /> <meta name="description" property="og:description" content="Yale researchers have introduced countless medical and health advances over the last century, including the first success with antibiotics in the United States" /> <meta itemprop="xpath" content="/html/head/meta[@name='description']/@content" /> <meta property="publish-date" content="9/17/2024" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://medicine.yale.edu/research/" /> <meta name="site-name" property="og:site_name" content="Yale School of Medicine" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Research" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Yale researchers have introduced countless medical and health advances over the last century, including the first success with antibiotics in the United States" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="604142276782606" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://medicine.yale.edu/research/"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysm/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysm/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysm/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/web-manifests/ysm/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysm/favicon.ico"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#1271e3"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/browser-configs/ysm/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/yalenew-italic-webfront.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/yalenew-roman-webfont.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://use.typekit.net/eqf4dwf.css" as="style" crossorigin> <link data-chunk="main" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.199e688ab4bb46f63b3c.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-HomePageBanner" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7893.52a4085c2c5eba54de8f.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/9046.95b11d738cd1a0183c7d.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/6602.898e7800490495437063.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.9201a6f82453dd0e771a.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HightlighNavigationBlockList" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/9934.fad07e69b5a512df20db.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4421.2d5d8e1f6e8ec69ea861.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.52a4085c2c5eba54de8f.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.8859d2009fbf093fa62f.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.8859d2009fbf093fa62f.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.52a4085c2c5eba54de8f.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4421.2d5d8e1f6e8ec69ea861.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HightlighNavigationBlockList" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/9934.fad07e69b5a512df20db.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.9201a6f82453dd0e771a.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/6602.898e7800490495437063.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/9046.95b11d738cd1a0183c7d.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-HomePageBanner" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7893.52a4085c2c5eba54de8f.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="main" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.199e688ab4bb46f63b3c.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="main" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.es2015.e71226adbc7ac9e6afaf.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-HomePageBanner" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7651.es2015.5a5b8af729efc0360a32.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-HomePageBanner" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7893.es2015.73040e9920f98448a728.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/6602.es2015.bd46f226efa281df2863.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.es2015.48ab8e279823fbbbad6d.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HightlighNavigationBlockList" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/9934.es2015.cc1e92961275f46417a8.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4589.es2015.4c47bf8350b6c4f009a0.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/26.es2015.b2de1005e8262d6faf9e.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4421.es2015.3fc9209123e173440a5c.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.es2015.8e4163ac605092764245.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.es2015.404cba0e717f410cb74c.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (c, a) { if (!a.__SV) { var b = window; try { var d, m, j, k = b.location, f = k.hash; d = function (a, b) { return (m = a.match(RegExp(b + "=([^&]*)"))) ? m[1] : null }; f && d(f, "fpState") && (j = JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(d(f, "fpState"))), "fpeditor" === j.action && (b.sessionStorage.setItem("_fpcehash", f), history.replaceState(j.desiredHash || "", c.title, k.pathname + k.search))) } catch (n) { } var l, h; window.freshpaint = a; a._i = []; a.init = function (b, d, g) { function c(b, i) { var a = i.split("."); 2 == a.length && (b = b[a[0]], i = a[1]); b[i] = function () { b.push([i].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0))) } } var e = a; "undefined" !== typeof g ? e = a[g] = [] : g = "freshpaint"; e.people = e.people || []; e.toString = function (b) { var a = "freshpaint"; "freshpaint" !== g && (a += "." + g); b || (a += " (stub)"); return a }; e.people.toString = function () { return e.toString(1) + ".people (stub)" }; l = "disable time_event track track_pageview track_links track_forms track_with_groups add_group set_group remove_group register register_once alias unregister identify name_tag set_config reset opt_in_tracking opt_out_tracking has_opted_in_tracking has_opted_out_tracking clear_opt_in_out_tracking people.set people.set_once people.unset people.increment people.append people.union people.track_charge people.clear_charges people.delete_user people.remove people group page alias ready addEventProperties addInitialEventProperties removeEventProperty addPageviewProperties".split(" "); for (h = 0; h < l.length; h++)c(e, l[h]); var f = "set set_once union unset remove delete".split(" "); e.get_group = function () { function a(c) { b[c] = function () { call2_args = arguments; call2 = [c].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(call2_args, 0)); e.push([d, call2]) } } for (var b = {}, d = ["get_group"].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)), c = 0; c < f.length; c++)a(f[c]); return b }; a._i.push([b, d, g]) }; a.__SV = 1.4; b = c.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript"; b.async = !0; b.src = "undefined" !== typeof FRESHPAINT_CUSTOM_LIB_URL ? FRESHPAINT_CUSTOM_LIB_URL : "//perfalytics.com/static/js/freshpaint.js"; (d = c.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]) ? d.parentNode.insertBefore(b, d) : c.head.appendChild(b) } })(document, window.freshpaint || []); freshpaint.init("b6b4bb12-e8a3-48f7-a8ed-aa0be94fb272"); freshpaint.page(); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookiecategory="analytics"> (function (c, l, a, r, i, t, y) { c[a] = c[a] || function () { (c[a].q = c[a].q || []).push(arguments) }; t = l.createElement(r); t.async = 1; t.src = "https://www.clarity.ms/tag/" + i; y = l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0]; y.parentNode.insertBefore(t, y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "h8jhq78c9x"); </script> <script id="cms-page-metadata" type="text/template"> ********************************************** CMS Page ID: 20975 Last Published: 9/17/2024 7:45:08 AM ********************************************** </script> </head> <body tabindex="-1"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript aria-hidden="true"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T29B2V8" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!--[if IE]> <div aria-hidden="true" class="outdated-browser-warning"> Your browser is antiquated and no longer supported on this website. Please update your browser or switch to Chrome, Firefox or Safari. <br/> You can update your IE here: <br/> <a class="outdated-browser-warning__link" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads</a> </div> <![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]>--> <div id="app"><div class="page"><span role="navigation" aria-label="Skip to Main Content button"><a href="#page-container" class="skip-button skip-to-main-content-button">Skip to Main Content</a></span><div class="base-page__header-container"><div class="base-header main-header"><div class="base-header__content"><div class="base-header__top-navigation-container"><div class="base-header__top-navigation"><nav class="base-header__top-navigation-links" aria-label="Information links"><div class="navigation-header-links"><a href="/about/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to About YSM page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>About YSM</div></a><a href="/faculty/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Faculty</div></a><a href="/myysm/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Staff page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Staff</div></a><a href="/edu/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Students page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Students</div></a><a href="/edu/residency-fellowships/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Residents &amp; Fellows page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Residents &amp; Fellows</div></a><a href="https://yalemedicine.org" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Patients page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Patients</div></a><a href="/research/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Researchers page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Researchers</div></a><a href="/alumni/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Alumni page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Alumni</div></a></div></nav><div></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation"><div class="base-header__navigation-content--desktop"><div class="base-header__navigation-left-content"><a href="/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Yale School of Medicine" viewBox="0 0 384.2 29.1" focusable="false" class="site-wordmark__icon site-wordmark__icon--mode-ysm main-header__navigation-logo-icon"><desc>Yale School of Medicine</desc><path d="m22.3 6.1-6.8 11.5v7.7c.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 4.7 2.2v1.1H6.8v-1.1c1.9-.1 4.2-.4 4.8-1.6v-8l-7-11.8C3.5 4.2 2.3 3.5 0 3.4V2.3h11.6v1.1c-2.2.1-2.9.5-3.5 1l6.5 11.2 6.3-11.1c-.7-.5-1.5-1-3.7-1.1V2.3h9.9v1.1c-2.2 0-3.6.8-4.8 2.7M35.9 29c-2.2 0-3.3-1.5-3.4-2.6-1.4 1.5-3.2 2.6-5 2.6-2.2 0-4.1-1.4-4.1-3.7 0-1.2.3-2.4.9-3.3l8.2-3v-3.1c0-1.9-.9-3.6-2.7-3.6-1.1 0-2.2 1.4-2.3 3.5l-3.7.6V16c1.2-3.7 5.3-5.2 7.3-5.2 3.8 0 5.1 2 5.1 5.1l-.1 8.7c0 1.7.9 2.1 1.7 2.1.7 0 1.3-.4 2.1-1.2v1.2c-.9 1-2.5 2.3-4 2.3m-8.3-6.8c-.2.7-.3 1.2-.3 2.2 0 1.2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.2 0 1.9-.4 3.1-1.3V20c-1.1.5-3.7 1.7-4.9 2.2m12.7 6.4v-1c1.9-.1 2.4-.5 2.7-1.2V5c0-1.4-.2-2-3.1-2.2v-.9L47.5 0l.2.7-1.2 1.5v24.2c.4.8 1.2 1.1 2.9 1.2v1zm19.1.4c-4.3 0-7.7-3.4-7.7-8.2 0-5.9 3.6-9.9 8.7-9.9 4.1 0 6.4 2.3 6.4 6v.7l-11.2-.1c-.1.5-.1 1.2-.1 2.1 0 4.2 2.7 7 6.2 7 2.1 0 3.2-.7 4.8-2.2l.6 1c-2.4 2.1-4.3 3.6-7.7 3.6m.4-16.9c-2.1 0-3.5 1.7-4 4.3l7.3-.1c-.1-2.2-1.4-4.2-3.3-4.2M83.4 29.1c-2.1 0-3.8-.6-4.9-1l-.5-4.4h.7c.2 1.1 1 2.5 2 3.2.6.5 1.9 1.2 3 1.2 2.2 0 3.3-1.4 3.3-2.8 0-1.9-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.2-3.8-1.6-5.2-2.6-5.2-5.2 0-2.9 2.9-4.8 6.7-4.8 1.8 0 3.2.5 4.1.9v4.3h-.7c-.1-1.1-.5-2.5-1.5-3.1-.4-.2-1.4-.9-2.6-.9-2.1 0-3.2 1.3-3.2 2.6 0 1.7.9 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.4 5 2.5 5 5 0 2.9-2.9 4.8-6.5 4.8m25.1-1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zm15.4.6V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zm18.9.4c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m21.4 16c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m11.9 15.6V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zm33 .4c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4.1 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m24.4 3.4c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9H226V20l3.5-.1c1.7-.1 2.4-.1 2.7-2h.7v5.5h-.7c-.2-2.1-.9-2.1-2.6-2.1h-3.5v5.5c.3.8 1.8 1.2 3 1.3v.7h-8.6V28c1.1-.1 2.4-.3 2.7-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.4-.9-2.6-.9v-.7h10.7c.6 0 1.1 0 1.5-.2h.6v4.3zm26.2 12.2V28c1.2-.1 2.5-.4 2.7-.9l-.5-9.5v-2.7l-.8 2.1-5.2 11.7h-1l-4.5-12.3-.7-2-.1 1.8-.7 10.6c.2.5 1.4 1 2.6 1.1v.7h-6.7V28c1.2-.1 2.3-.6 2.6-1.1l.7-9.2c.1-.9.2-2.8.2-2.9V14c-.3-.4-1.1-.8-2.3-.9v-.7h5.8l.8 2.5 3.7 10.2 4.2-9.9 1.1-2.7h5.2v.5c-1.2.1-2.1.4-2.3.8v.6c0 .3.1 2.3.2 3.1l.5 9.5c.3.5 1.4.8 2.5.9v.7h-8zm16.5 0-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7H281c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6zm20.8 0h-8.6V28c1.1 0 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.5-.8-2.7-.9v-.7c3-.1 5.9-.3 8.2-.3 5.9 0 9.4 3 9.4 8s-3.9 8.8-8.9 8.7M294.5 13H293v13.9c.3.4 1.7.8 2.7.8 4.1 0 6.1-2.8 6.1-6.8 0-5.3-2.8-7.9-7.3-7.9m13.1 15.7V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7h-8.2zm25.6-.6c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zm3.8.6V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7H337zm27.8-14.5V24c0 1.4.1 3.7.2 4.9h-1.6l-10-12.3-1.1-1.7.1 1.5v5.9c0 1.4.1 3.4.2 4.5.2.5 1.7 1 2.9 1.1v.7h-7.1V28c1.2-.1 2.3-.6 2.5-1.1v-9.2c0-1.3 0-2.6-.1-3.5-.3-.5-1.3-1-2.5-1.1v-.7h5.2l1.5 1.9 8.4 10.3v-5.9c0-1.4-.1-3.6-.1-4.4-.2-.5-1.7-1.1-2.9-1.1v-.7h7.1v.5c-1.3.1-2.4.6-2.7 1.2m10.7 14.5-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h10.7c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6z"></path></svg></a><div class="base-header__navigation-menu-button"><div class="navigation-menu-button__container"><button class="navigation-menu-button navigation-menu-button--open" type="button" aria-label="Menu"><div class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger"><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span></div><div class="navigation-menu-button__text">MENU</div></button></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-right-content"><div class="base-header__navigation-search-button"></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-content--mobile"><div class="base-header__navigation-left-content"><button type="button" class="base-header__navigation-dropdown-button" aria-label="Go to the main page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Yale School of Medicine" viewBox="0 0 384.2 29.1" focusable="false" class="site-wordmark__icon site-wordmark__icon--mode-ysm base-header__navigation-dropdown-logo"><desc>Yale School of Medicine</desc><path d="m22.3 6.1-6.8 11.5v7.7c.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 4.7 2.2v1.1H6.8v-1.1c1.9-.1 4.2-.4 4.8-1.6v-8l-7-11.8C3.5 4.2 2.3 3.5 0 3.4V2.3h11.6v1.1c-2.2.1-2.9.5-3.5 1l6.5 11.2 6.3-11.1c-.7-.5-1.5-1-3.7-1.1V2.3h9.9v1.1c-2.2 0-3.6.8-4.8 2.7M35.9 29c-2.2 0-3.3-1.5-3.4-2.6-1.4 1.5-3.2 2.6-5 2.6-2.2 0-4.1-1.4-4.1-3.7 0-1.2.3-2.4.9-3.3l8.2-3v-3.1c0-1.9-.9-3.6-2.7-3.6-1.1 0-2.2 1.4-2.3 3.5l-3.7.6V16c1.2-3.7 5.3-5.2 7.3-5.2 3.8 0 5.1 2 5.1 5.1l-.1 8.7c0 1.7.9 2.1 1.7 2.1.7 0 1.3-.4 2.1-1.2v1.2c-.9 1-2.5 2.3-4 2.3m-8.3-6.8c-.2.7-.3 1.2-.3 2.2 0 1.2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.2 0 1.9-.4 3.1-1.3V20c-1.1.5-3.7 1.7-4.9 2.2m12.7 6.4v-1c1.9-.1 2.4-.5 2.7-1.2V5c0-1.4-.2-2-3.1-2.2v-.9L47.5 0l.2.7-1.2 1.5v24.2c.4.8 1.2 1.1 2.9 1.2v1zm19.1.4c-4.3 0-7.7-3.4-7.7-8.2 0-5.9 3.6-9.9 8.7-9.9 4.1 0 6.4 2.3 6.4 6v.7l-11.2-.1c-.1.5-.1 1.2-.1 2.1 0 4.2 2.7 7 6.2 7 2.1 0 3.2-.7 4.8-2.2l.6 1c-2.4 2.1-4.3 3.6-7.7 3.6m.4-16.9c-2.1 0-3.5 1.7-4 4.3l7.3-.1c-.1-2.2-1.4-4.2-3.3-4.2M83.4 29.1c-2.1 0-3.8-.6-4.9-1l-.5-4.4h.7c.2 1.1 1 2.5 2 3.2.6.5 1.9 1.2 3 1.2 2.2 0 3.3-1.4 3.3-2.8 0-1.9-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.2-3.8-1.6-5.2-2.6-5.2-5.2 0-2.9 2.9-4.8 6.7-4.8 1.8 0 3.2.5 4.1.9v4.3h-.7c-.1-1.1-.5-2.5-1.5-3.1-.4-.2-1.4-.9-2.6-.9-2.1 0-3.2 1.3-3.2 2.6 0 1.7.9 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.4 5 2.5 5 5 0 2.9-2.9 4.8-6.5 4.8m25.1-1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zm15.4.6V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zm18.9.4c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m21.4 16c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m11.9 15.6V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zm33 .4c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4.1 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m24.4 3.4c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9H226V20l3.5-.1c1.7-.1 2.4-.1 2.7-2h.7v5.5h-.7c-.2-2.1-.9-2.1-2.6-2.1h-3.5v5.5c.3.8 1.8 1.2 3 1.3v.7h-8.6V28c1.1-.1 2.4-.3 2.7-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.4-.9-2.6-.9v-.7h10.7c.6 0 1.1 0 1.5-.2h.6v4.3zm26.2 12.2V28c1.2-.1 2.5-.4 2.7-.9l-.5-9.5v-2.7l-.8 2.1-5.2 11.7h-1l-4.5-12.3-.7-2-.1 1.8-.7 10.6c.2.5 1.4 1 2.6 1.1v.7h-6.7V28c1.2-.1 2.3-.6 2.6-1.1l.7-9.2c.1-.9.2-2.8.2-2.9V14c-.3-.4-1.1-.8-2.3-.9v-.7h5.8l.8 2.5 3.7 10.2 4.2-9.9 1.1-2.7h5.2v.5c-1.2.1-2.1.4-2.3.8v.6c0 .3.1 2.3.2 3.1l.5 9.5c.3.5 1.4.8 2.5.9v.7h-8zm16.5 0-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7H281c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6zm20.8 0h-8.6V28c1.1 0 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.5-.8-2.7-.9v-.7c3-.1 5.9-.3 8.2-.3 5.9 0 9.4 3 9.4 8s-3.9 8.8-8.9 8.7M294.5 13H293v13.9c.3.4 1.7.8 2.7.8 4.1 0 6.1-2.8 6.1-6.8 0-5.3-2.8-7.9-7.3-7.9m13.1 15.7V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7h-8.2zm25.6-.6c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zm3.8.6V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7H337zm27.8-14.5V24c0 1.4.1 3.7.2 4.9h-1.6l-10-12.3-1.1-1.7.1 1.5v5.9c0 1.4.1 3.4.2 4.5.2.5 1.7 1 2.9 1.1v.7h-7.1V28c1.2-.1 2.3-.6 2.5-1.1v-9.2c0-1.3 0-2.6-.1-3.5-.3-.5-1.3-1-2.5-1.1v-.7h5.2l1.5 1.9 8.4 10.3v-5.9c0-1.4-.1-3.6-.1-4.4-.2-.5-1.7-1.1-2.9-1.1v-.7h7.1v.5c-1.3.1-2.4.6-2.7 1.2m10.7 14.5-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h10.7c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="base-header__navigation-dropdown-icon"><path d="M23.25 7.311 12.53 18.03a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L.75 7.311" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px;fill-rule:evenodd"></path></svg></button><div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-right-content"><div class="base-header__navigation-menu-button"><div class="navigation-menu-button__container"><button class="navigation-menu-button navigation-menu-button--open" type="button" aria-label="Menu"><div class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger"><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span></div><div class="navigation-menu-button__text">MENU</div></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-panel"><div class="navigation-panel__wrapper navigation-panel__wrapper--hidden"><nav class="navigation-panel__top-container" aria-label="Navigation Panel"></nav><div class="navigation-panel__grid-container"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/about" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to About YSM page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">About YSM</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open About YSM menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/history-facts-and-figures" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to History, Facts &amp; Figures page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">History, Facts &amp; Figures</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Leadership, Administration &amp; Governance page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Leadership, Administration &amp; Governance</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Leadership, Administration &amp; Governance menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/ysm-dean-deputy-deans" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM Dean &amp; Deputy Deans page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM Dean &amp; Deputy Deans</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/ysm-administration" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM Administration page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM Administration</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/department-chairs" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Department Chairs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Department Chairs</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-1-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-1-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Committees &amp; Workgroups page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Committees &amp; Workgroups</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Committees &amp; Workgroups menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-1-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/executive-group" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM Executive Group page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM Executive Group</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/board-of-permanent-officers" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM Board of Permanent Officers page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM Board of Permanent Officers</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-1-3-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-1-3-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/fac" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Advisory Council page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Advisory Council</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Faculty Advisory Council menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-1-3-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/fac/documents" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to FAC Documents page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">FAC Documents</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/fac/current-fac-members" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Current FAC Members page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Current FAC Members</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/appointments-promotions" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Appointments &amp; Promotions Committees page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Appointments &amp; Promotions Committees</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/adhoc-working-groups" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Ad Hoc Committees and Working Groups page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Ad Hoc Committees and Working Groups</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-1-3-5" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-1-3-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/searches" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Current Searches page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Current Searches</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Current Searches menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-1-3-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/searches/chair" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Chair Searches page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Chair Searches</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/committees/searches/leadership" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Leadership Searches page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Leadership Searches</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/leadership-administration/charts" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Organization Charts page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Organization Charts</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/state-of-the-school" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to State of the School page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">State of the School</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open State of the School menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/state-of-the-school/faculty-demographics" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Demographic Data page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Demographic Data</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/state-of-the-school/professionalism" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Professionalism Reporting Data page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Professionalism Reporting Data</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/state-of-the-school/diversity-engagement-survey" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to 2022 Diversity Engagement Survey page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">2022 Diversity Engagement Survey</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/state-of-the-school/archive" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to State of the School Archive page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">State of the School Archive</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://faculty.yale.edu/data/faculty-climate-survey/2023-faculty-climate-survey/school-results-2023/ysm-2023" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Climate Survey: YSM Results page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Climate Survey: YSM Results</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/strategic-planning" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Strategic Planning page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Strategic Planning</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-4" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/deanoffice" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Office of the Dean page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Office of the Dean</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Office of the Dean menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/deanoffice/mission-statement" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Mission Statement &amp; Process page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Mission Statement &amp; Process</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/beyond-sterling-hall/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Beyond Sterling Hall page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Beyond Sterling Hall</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-4-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-4-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/deanoffice/workshop" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Dean&#x27;s Workshop page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Dean&#x27;s Workshop</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Dean&#x27;s Workshop menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-4-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/deanoffice/workshop/covid-19-workshops" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to COVID-19 Series Workshops page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">COVID-19 Series Workshops</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/deanoffice/workshop/past" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Previous Workshops page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Previous Workshops</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/deanoffice/listening-meeting-sign-up" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Listening Meetings page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Listening Meetings</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/deanoffice/reports" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Reports page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Reports</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/departments" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Departments &amp; Centers page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Departments &amp; Centers</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/findpeople" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Find People page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Find People</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-7" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-7" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Giving to YSM page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Giving to YSM</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Giving to YSM menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-7" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/cancer" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Cancer page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Cancer</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/data-science" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Biomedical Data Science page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Biomedical Data Science</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/health-equity" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Health Equity page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Health Equity</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/inflammation" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Inflammation page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Inflammation</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/neuroscience" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Neuroscience page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Neuroscience</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/education" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Education page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Education</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/global-health" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Global Health page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Global Health</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/giving/diabetes-metabolism" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Diabetes and Metabolism page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Diabetes and Metabolism</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/policies/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Policies &amp; Procedures page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Policies &amp; Procedures</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/contact-us" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Contact Us page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Contact Us</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/contact-media-relations" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Media Relations page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Media Relations</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-11" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-11" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/a-to-z-index" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A-Z Websites &amp; Lists page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A-Z Websites &amp; Lists</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open A-Z Websites &amp; Lists menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-11" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-0-11-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-0-11-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/a-to-z-index/atoz" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A-to-Z Websites page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A-to-Z Websites</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open A-to-Z Websites menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-0-11-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/a-to-z-index/atoz/lab-websites" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A to Z YSM Lab Websites page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A to Z YSM Lab Websites</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/faculty/faculty-directory/facultylist/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A-Z Faculty List page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A-Z Faculty List</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/a-to-z-index/stafflist" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A-Z Staff List page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A-Z Staff List</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/about/a-to-z-index/abbreviations" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A to Z Abbreviations page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A to Z Abbreviations</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/privacy/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Terms, Privacy &amp; Notices page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Terms, Privacy &amp; Notices</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/diversity" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Diversity page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Diversity</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Diversity menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/whoweare" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Who We Are page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Who We Are</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Who We Are menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/whoweare/diversitychampions" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Dept. Diversity Vice Chairs &amp; Champions page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Dept. Diversity Vice Chairs &amp; Champions</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/dei-educational-offerings" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to DEI Educational Offerings page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">DEI Educational Offerings</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/facultystaff" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to For Faculty &amp; Staff page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">For Faculty &amp; Staff</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open For Faculty &amp; Staff menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/lgbtqi/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Dean鈥檚 Advisory Council on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex Affairs Website page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Dean鈥檚 Advisory Council on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex Affairs Website</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/more/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Minority Organization for Retention and Expansion Website page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Minority Organization for Retention and Expansion Website</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/owm/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Office for Women in Medicine and Science page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Office for Women in Medicine and Science</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/swim/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Committee on the Status of Women in Medicine Website page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Committee on the Status of Women in Medicine Website</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/facultystaff/director-scientist-diversity-inclusion" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Director of Scientist Diversity and Inclusion page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Director of Scientist Diversity and Inclusion</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/facultystaff/diversity-supplements" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Diversity Supplements page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Diversity Supplements</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to For Students, Trainees, &amp; Postdocs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">For Students, Trainees, &amp; Postdocs</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open For Students, Trainees, &amp; Postdocs menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4-3-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4-3-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/science-fellows-program" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM Science Fellows Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM Science Fellows Program</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open YSM Science Fellows Program menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4-3-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/science-fellows-program/faq" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Frequently Asked Questions page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Frequently Asked Questions</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4-3-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4-3-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Yale Black Postdoc Association page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Yale Black Postdoc Association</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Yale Black Postdoc Association menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4-3-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/about" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to About Us page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">About Us</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/people" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to People page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">People</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/whatwedo" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to What We Do page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">What We Do</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/news" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to News page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">News</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4-4" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/initiatives" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Strategic Initiatives page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Strategic Initiatives</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Strategic Initiatives menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/initiatives/recruitment" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Recruitment page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Recruitment</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/initiatives/retention" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Retention page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Retention</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/initiatives/inclusion" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Inclusion page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Inclusion</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/initiatives/department" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to By Department &amp; Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">By Department &amp; Program</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/newsevents" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to News &amp; Events page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">News &amp; Events</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-4-6" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-4-6" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Program for Art in Public Spaces page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Program for Art in Public Spaces</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Program for Art in Public Spaces menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-4-6" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps/execcomm" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Executive Committee page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Executive Committee</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps/news" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to News page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">News</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps/aids" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to AIDS page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">AIDS</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps/aperture" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Aperture: Women in Medicine page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Aperture: Women in Medicine</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps/selfreflection" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Self-Reflection page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Self-Reflection</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps/portraits-of-strength" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Portraits of Strength page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Portraits of Strength</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/paps/mindful" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Mindful: Mental Health Through Art page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Mindful: Mental Health Through Art</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/galleries" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Event Photo Galleries page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Event Photo Galleries</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/diversity/support" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Individual Resources page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Individual Resources</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/edu" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Education page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Education</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Education menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/md-program/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to MD Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">MD Program</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/mdphd/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to MD-PhD Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">MD-PhD Program</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/pa/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to PA Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">PA Program</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://paonline.yale.edu/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to PA Online Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">PA Online Program</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/joint-md-programs" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Joint MD Programs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Joint MD Programs</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-1-5" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-1-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to MHS Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">MHS Program</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open MHS Program menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-1-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-1-5-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-1-5-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/how-to-apply" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to How to Apply page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">How to Apply</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open How to Apply menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-1-5-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/how-to-apply/internal" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Internal page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Internal</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/how-to-apply/external" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to External page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">External</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/advanced-health-science-research" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Advanced Health Sciences Research page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Advanced Health Sciences Research</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/clinical-informatics-data-science" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Clinical Informatics &amp; Data Science page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Clinical Informatics &amp; Data Science</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/clinical-investigation" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Clinical Investigation page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Clinical Investigation</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/medical-education" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Medical Education page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Medical Education</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/mhs-degree/mhs-team" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to MHS Team page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">MHS Team</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/md-program/visiting-students/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Visiting Student Programs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Visiting Student Programs</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/md-program/special-programs/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Special Programs &amp; Student Opportunities page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Special Programs &amp; Student Opportunities</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/residency-fellowships" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Residency &amp; Fellowship Programs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Residency &amp; Fellowship Programs</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/center-for-medical-education/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Center for Med Ed page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Center for Med Ed</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-1-10" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-1-10" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/deputy-dean" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Office of the Deputy Dean page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Office of the Deputy Dean</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Office of the Deputy Dean menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-1-10" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/deputy-dean/organizational-chart" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Organizational Chart page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Organizational Chart</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/edu/deputy-dean/house-naming-process" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to House Naming Process page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">House Naming Process</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/faculty" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Faculty</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Faculty menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Academic &amp; Professional Development page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Academic &amp; Professional Development</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Academic &amp; Professional Development menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/people" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to OAPD People &amp; Committees page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">OAPD People &amp; Committees</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open OAPD People &amp; Committees menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/people/leadership-staff" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Leadership &amp; Staff page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Leadership &amp; Staff</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/people/committees" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Committees page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Committees</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/people/committee-information" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Committee Procedural Info (Login Required) page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Committee Procedural Info (Login Required)</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Academic Affairs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Academic Affairs</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Academic Affairs menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/department-teams" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Affairs Department Teams page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Affairs Department Teams</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/recent-appointments-promotions" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Recent Appointments &amp; Promotions page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Recent Appointments &amp; Promotions</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-1-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Tracks, Ranks, &amp; Positions page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Tracks, Ranks, &amp; Positions</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Faculty Tracks, Ranks, &amp; Positions menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/clinical" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Academic Clinician Track page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Academic Clinician Track</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/educator" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Clinician Educator-Scholar Track page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Clinician Educator-Scholar Track</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/scientist" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Clinican-Scientist Track page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Clinican-Scientist Track</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/investigator" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Investigator Track page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Investigator Track</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/traditional" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Traditional Track page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Traditional Track</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/research" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Research Ranks page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Research Ranks</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/instructor-lecturer" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Instructor/Lecturer page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Instructor/Lecturer</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/social-work-ranks" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Social Work Ranks page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Social Work Ranks</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/voluntary" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Voluntary Ranks page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Voluntary Ranks</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/adjunct" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Adjunct Ranks page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Adjunct Ranks</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/secondary-dual-joint" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Other Appt Types page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Other Appt Types</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-1-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Appointments, Promotions, and Reappointments page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Appointments, Promotions, and Reappointments</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Appointments, Promotions, and Reappointments menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process/appts" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Appointments page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Appointments</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process/promotions" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Promotions page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Promotions</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process/reappt" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Reappointments page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Reappointments</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/transfer" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Transfer of Track page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Transfer of Track</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-1-5" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Leaves, Term Extensions, Part-Time, &amp; Retirement page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Leaves, Term Extensions, Part-Time, &amp; Retirement</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Leaves, Term Extensions, Part-Time, &amp; Retirement menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/leaves-by-type" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Leaves page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Leaves</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/extensions" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Term Extensions page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Term Extensions</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/part-time" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Part-Time page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Part-Time</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/retirement" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Retirement page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Retirement</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-1-6" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-6" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Processes &amp; Documents page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Processes &amp; Documents</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Processes &amp; Documents menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-1-6" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/timeline" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Timeline for A&amp;P Processes page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Timeline for A&amp;P Processes</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/searches" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Interfolio Faculty Search page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Interfolio Faculty Search</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/appointment" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Interfolio A&amp;P Processes page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Interfolio A&amp;P Processes</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/cv-info" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Yale CV Part 1 (CV1) page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Yale CV Part 1 (CV1)</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/cv2" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Yale CV Part 2 (CV2) page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Yale CV Part 2 (CV2)</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/reprints" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Samples of Scholarship page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Samples of Scholarship</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/teaching-evaluations" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Teaching Evaluations page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Teaching Evaluations</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/letters" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Letters of Evaluation page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Letters of Evaluation</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/dept-reason" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Dept A&amp;P Narrative page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Dept A&amp;P Narrative</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/voting" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A&amp;P Voting page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A&amp;P Voting</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/templates" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Affairs Staff Pages page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Affairs Staff Pages</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Development page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Development</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Faculty Development menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/workshops" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to OAPD Faculty Workshops page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">OAPD Faculty Workshops</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/leadership-dev-seminars" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Leadership &amp; Development Seminars page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Leadership &amp; Development Seminars</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-2-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-2-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/mentorship" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Mentorship Programs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Mentorship Programs</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Mentorship Programs menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-2-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/mentorship/mentors" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to List of Faculty Mentors page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">List of Faculty Mentors</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/orientation" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Incoming Faculty Orientation page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Incoming Faculty Orientation</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/onboarding" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Onboarding page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Onboarding</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-2-5" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-2-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Awards page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Awards</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Awards menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-2-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/past-awards" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Past YSM Award Recipients page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Past YSM Award Recipients</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/pa-awards" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Past PA Award Recipients page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Past PA Award Recipients</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/ym-awards" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Past YM Award Recipients page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Past YM Award Recipients</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/international" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to International Award Recipients page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">International Award Recipients</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/nominations" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Nominations Calendar page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Nominations Calendar</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/newsletter" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to OAPD Newsletter page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">OAPD Newsletter</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-0-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-0-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Professionalism page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Professionalism</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Professionalism menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-0-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/shared-vision" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Fostering a Shared Vision of Professionalism page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Fostering a Shared Vision of Professionalism</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/integrity" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Academic Integrity page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Academic Integrity</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/addressing-concerns" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Addressing Professionalism Concerns page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Addressing Professionalism Concerns</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/consultation" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Consultation Support for Chairs &amp; Section Chiefs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Consultation Support for Chairs &amp; Section Chiefs</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/policies" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Policies &amp; Codes of Conduct page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Policies &amp; Codes of Conduct</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Physician/Scientist Development page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Physician/Scientist Development</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Physician/Scientist Development menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-1-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-1-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/janeway" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Janeway Society page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Janeway Society</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Janeway Society menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-1-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/janeway/membership" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Membership page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Membership</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/janeway/first-fridays" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to First Fridays page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">First Fridays</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-1-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-1-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/awards" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Physician-Scientist Development Awards page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Physician-Scientist Development Awards</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Physician-Scientist Development Awards menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-1-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/awards/awardees" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Awardees page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Awardees</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/faculty-facing-caregiving-need" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Facing Caregiving Need page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Facing Caregiving Need</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-1-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-1-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/physician-scientist-resident-fellow-research-award" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Physician-Scientist Resident &amp; Fellow Research Award page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Physician-Scientist Resident &amp; Fellow Research Award</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Physician-Scientist Resident &amp; Fellow Research Award menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-1-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/physician-scientist-resident-fellow-research-award/awardees" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Awardees page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Awardees</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/fund-for-physician-scientist-mentorship" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Fund for Physician-Scientist Mentorship page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Fund for Physician-Scientist Mentorship</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-1-5" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-1-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/resources" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Resources page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Resources</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Resources menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-1-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/resources/grantlibrary" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Grant Library page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Grant Library</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/resources/writingcourse" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Grant Writing Course page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Grant Writing Course</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/resources/mock-study-section" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Mock Study Section page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Mock Study Section</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/resources/researchwriting" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Research Paper Writing page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Research Paper Writing</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/resources/estabilishing-research-program" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Establishing a Thriving Research Program page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Establishing a Thriving Research Program</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/fundinops" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Funding Opportunities page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Funding Opportunities</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/opssd/news" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to News page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">News</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/faculty-engagement" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Engage with Students page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Engage with Students</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Engage with Students menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/faculty-engagement/voluntary-faculty-teaching-opportunities" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Join Our Voluntary Faculty page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Join Our Voluntary Faculty</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/faculty-engagement/faculty-attestation" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Attestation page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Attestation</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/well-being" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Health &amp; Wellness Resources page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Health &amp; Wellness Resources</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Health &amp; Wellness Resources menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/well-being/fostering-wellness-in-children" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Child Mental Health: Fostering Wellness in Children page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Child Mental Health: Fostering Wellness in Children</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-5-4" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-5-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/faculty-directory" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Directory page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Directory</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Faculty Directory menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-5-4" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/faculty-directory/facultylist" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to A-Z Faculty List page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">A-Z Faculty List</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/faculty/resources" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty Resources page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty Resources</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/research" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Research page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Research</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Research menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/research-by-keyword" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Research by Keyword page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Research by Keyword</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/researchbydept" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Research by Department page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Research by Department</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/facultymap" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Research by Global Location page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Research by Global Location</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Translational Research page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Translational Research</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/services" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Research Cores &amp; Services page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Research Cores &amp; Services</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-2-5" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-2-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Resources for Investigators page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Resources for Investigators</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Resources for Investigators menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-2-5" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-2-5-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-2-5-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/team-science" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Team Science page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Team Science</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Team Science menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-2-5-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/team-science/points-application" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Program for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Team Science (POINTS) page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Program for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Team Science (POINTS)</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/team-science/studios" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Studios page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Studios</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-2-5-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-2-5-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/oher" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Health Equity Research page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Health Equity Research</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Health Equity Research menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-2-5-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/oher/about" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to About Us page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">About Us</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="3"><div id="sub-panel__heading-2-5-1-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-2-5-1-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/oher/cenr" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Community-Engaged Research (CEnR)</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-2-5-1-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/oher/cenr/steering" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to CEnR Steering Committee page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">CEnR Steering Committee</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/oher/cenr/experential" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Experiential Learning Subcommittee page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Experiential Learning Subcommittee</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/oher/resources" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Resources page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Resources</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/oher/news" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to OHER News page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">OHER News</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="2"><div id="sub-panel__heading-2-5-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-2-5-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/biobank" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM Biobank page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM Biobank</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open YSM Biobank menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-2-5-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/biobank/biobank-goals" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Goals &amp; Objectives page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Goals &amp; Objectives</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/biobank/inventory" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Inventory page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Inventory</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/biobank/pricing" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Pricing page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Pricing</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/biobank/people" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty &amp; Staff page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty &amp; Staff</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources/biobank/contacts-ysm-biobank" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Contact Us page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Contact Us</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/research/strategic-planning" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Strategic Planning page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Strategic Planning</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-6" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-6" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/news" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to News page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">News</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open News menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-6" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/about-ysm-editorial" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to About YSM Editorial page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">About YSM Editorial</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/beyond-sterling-hall" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Beyond Sterling Hall page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Beyond Sterling Hall</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-6-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-6-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/yale-medicine-magazine" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Yale Medicine Magazine page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Yale Medicine Magazine</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Yale Medicine Magazine menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-6-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/yale-medicine-magazine/issues-list" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Issues List page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Issues List</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/yale-medicine-magazine/print-version" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Print Magazine PDFs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Print Magazine PDFs</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-6-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-6-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/medicineatyale" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Archive of Medicine@Yale page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Archive of Medicine@Yale</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Archive of Medicine@Yale menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-6-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/medicineatyale/issues-list" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Archive of Issues List page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Archive of Issues List</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/medicineatyale/print-version" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Archive of Print Newsletter PDFs page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Archive of Print Newsletter PDFs</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/ysm-events" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM Events Newsletter page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM Events Newsletter</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/social" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Social Media page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Social Media</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/news/ysm-and-the-community" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to YSM &amp; the Community page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">YSM &amp; the Community</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/patients" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Patient Care page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Patient Care</span></a></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="base-header__mobile-navigation-dropdown"><div class="mobile-navigation-dropdown"><div class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__home-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__home-icon"><path d="M3.753 13.944v8.25h6v-6a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5h1.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5v6h6v-8.25M.753 12.444 10.942 2.255a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2.122 0l10.189 10.189" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg><a href="/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">YSM Home</a></div><p class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__title">INFORMATION FOR</p><ul><li><a href="/about/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">About YSM</a></li><li><a href="/faculty/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Faculty</a></li><li><a href="/myysm/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Staff</a></li><li><a href="/edu/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Students</a></li><li><a href="/edu/residency-fellowships/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Residents &amp; Fellows</a></li><li><a href="https://yalemedicine.org" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Patients</a></li><li><a href="/research/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Researchers</a></li><li><a href="/alumni/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Alumni</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="base-page__context-navigation-container context-navigation-container"><nav class="context-navigation" aria-label="Context navigation"><div class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs"><ul class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs__links-list"><li class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="/" class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs__item-link">Home</a></li><li class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="/research" class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs__item-link">Research</a></li></ul><button type="button" class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs__button context-navigation-breadcrumbs__button--active" tabindex="0" aria-label="Hide context navigation links"><span class="context-navigation-breadcrumbs__button-icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false"><path d="M23.5 12H.5" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></span></button></div><div id="context-navigation-links-container" class="context-navigation__links-panel context-navigation__links-panel--expanded"><div class="context-navigation-links"><ul class="context-navigation-links__links-list"><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/research/research-by-keyword" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Research by Keyword</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/research/researchbydept" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Research by Department</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/research/facultymap" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Research by Global Location</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Translational Research</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/research/services" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Research Cores &amp; Services</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/research/investigator-resources" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Resources for Investigators</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/research/strategic-planning" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Strategic Planning</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></div></div><div style="margin-top:0px" class="base-page"><div class="base-page__page-top-banner-container"><div class="page-top-banner"><div class="page-top-banner__top-banner-container"><div class="page-top-banner__top-banner-content"><section class="homepage-banner" aria-label="Home Page Banner" aria-hidden="true"><section class="banner banner--size--sm banner--align--center" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Banner"><div class="banner__parallax-wrapper" style="transform:scale(1)" aria-hidden="true"><div class="banner__background-wrapper" style="background-image:url(https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:eco,w_1400/v1/yms/prod/36e09058-2174-4f01-9fa8-4780b6dd3363)"></div></div></section></section></div></div></div></div><main class="page-container" tabindex="-1" id="page-container"><div class="content page-with-overlay__content-container"><div class="content__top-component"><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section class="generic-content" aria-label="Research"><div class="generic-content__title-container"><h1 class="generic-content__title">Research</h1><ul class="share-panel share-panel--horizontal"><li class="share-panel__item"><button class="share-panel__link" aria-label="Share via X" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M17.294 22.475 1.454 1.453h5.252l15.84 21.022zm4.508-21.022-8.35 8.954M2.198 22.475l8.344-8.948" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button class="share-panel__link" aria-label="Share via Facebook" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M12.5 23.5h-11a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-21a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h21a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6v-9h2.559a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.438l.375-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.562H16.5V9.185A1.687 1.687 0 0 1 18.186 7.5H20a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V4a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-1.814A5.69 5.69 0 0 0 12.5 9.185V10.5H10a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v3a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h2.5z" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button class="share-panel__link" aria-label="Share via LinkedIn" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M6.5 22.5h-5v-13h5Zm9-9a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v7h-5v-13h5v1.485a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 3.99-1.495c2.962 0 5.01 2.2 5.01 6.355V22.5h-5v-7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M6.5 5A2.5 2.5 0 1 1 4 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 5" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button type="button" aria-label="Share page via email" class="share-panel__button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M23.888 5.832a.18.18 0 0 0-.2.039l-9.747 9.745a2.75 2.75 0 0 1-3.888 0L.31 5.871a.18.18 0 0 0-.2-.039A.18.18 0 0 0 0 6v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h20a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a.18.18 0 0 0-.112-.168" style="fill:currentColor"></path><path d="M11.115 14.556a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 1.768 0l9.686-9.686a.5.5 0 0 0 .121-.511C22.58 4.03 22.274 4 22 4H2c-.275 0-.583.03-.691.359a.5.5 0 0 0 .121.511Z" style="fill:currentColor"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button type="button" aria-label="Print page" class="share-panel__button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon share-panel__print-icon"><path d="M5.25 17.249h-3a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5-1.5v-7.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5h19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5v7.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-3" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;fill:currentColor;stroke-width:.5px"></path><path d="M3.75 9.749h1.5" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px;stroke-opacity:1"></path><path d="M5.25 12.749h13.5v10H5.25z" class="paper" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;fill:currentColor;stroke-width:2"></path><path d="M18.75 6.749H5.25v-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5h10.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5Z" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;fill:currentColor;stroke-width:.25px;stroke-opacity:1"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="generic-paragraph"><div class="generic-paragraph__text"><p>Yale researchers have introduced countless medical and health advances over the last century, including the first success with antibiotics in the United States and the first use of chemotherapy to treat cancer. University scientists have been responsible for the identification of Lyme disease and the discovery of genes responsible for high blood pressure, osteoporosis, dyslexia, and Tourette's syndrome, among other disorders. Early work on the artificial heart and the creation of the first insulin pump took place at Yale, as did seminal discoveries about how the cell and its components function at the molecular level. Today, a wide range of research activities take place across all departments of the School of Medicine. <br></p></div></div></div> </section></div></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section aria-label="Faculty by Research Keyword" class="highlight-small-block highlight-small-block--null--width-mode highlight-small-block--with-image"><div class="highlight-small-block__image-container"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div><div class="highlight-small-block__content-container"><h2 class="highlight-small-block__title">Faculty by Research Keyword</h2><div class="highlight-small-block__summary">Find collaborators and partners in your field of research at Yale School of Medicine. Faculty working in a specific research area can be found using the research by keyword listing. <br /></div></div><div class="highlight-small-block__button-container"><div class="highlight-small-block__button-wrapper"><a href="/research/research-by-keyword" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon"><span class="button__label">View Keywords</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="highlight-small-block__button-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section aria-label="Research by Department" class="highlight-small-block highlight-small-block--null--width-mode highlight-small-block--with-image"><div class="highlight-small-block__image-container"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div><div class="highlight-small-block__content-container"><h2 class="highlight-small-block__title">Research by Department</h2><div class="highlight-small-block__summary">The School of Medicine (YSM) has extraordinary strengths in basic science, translational and clinical research, and consistently rank in the top handful of medical schools receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health.</div></div><div class="highlight-small-block__button-container"><div class="highlight-small-block__button-wrapper"><a href="/research/researchbydept" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon"><span class="button__label">View Departments</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="highlight-small-block__button-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section aria-label="Resources for Investigators" class="highlight-small-block highlight-small-block--null--width-mode highlight-small-block--with-image"><div class="highlight-small-block__image-container"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div><div class="highlight-small-block__content-container"><h2 class="highlight-small-block__title">Resources for Investigators</h2><div class="highlight-small-block__summary">Medical research is guided by many regulations, policies, and guidelines, and they are supported by various resources and offices at YSM.</div></div><div class="highlight-small-block__button-container"><div class="highlight-small-block__button-wrapper"><a href="/research/investigator-resources" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon"><span class="button__label">View Resources</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="highlight-small-block__button-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section aria-label="Research Cores &amp; Services" class="highlight-small-block highlight-small-block--null--width-mode highlight-small-block--with-image"><div class="highlight-small-block__image-container"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div><div class="highlight-small-block__content-container"><h2 class="highlight-small-block__title">Research Cores &amp; Services</h2><div class="highlight-small-block__summary">Yale鈥檚 Core Research Facilities provide Yale researchers access to state of the art scientific instrumentation, highly trained staff, and extraordinary consultants and specialists with the intent to keep Yale鈥檚 scientific research at the cutting edge.</div></div><div class="highlight-small-block__button-container"><div class="highlight-small-block__button-wrapper"><a href="/research/services" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon"><span class="button__label">View Cores</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="highlight-small-block__button-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section aria-label="Research Strategic Planning" class="highlight-small-block highlight-small-block--null--width-mode highlight-small-block--with-image"><div class="highlight-small-block__image-container"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div><div class="highlight-small-block__content-container"><h2 class="highlight-small-block__title">Research Strategic Planning</h2><div class="highlight-small-block__summary">Yale School of Medicine鈥檚 strategic plan for scientific research aligns with Yale鈥檚 broader plan of investment across scientific disciplines, and builds on key strengths in the school, such as data science, team science, and our health equity research.</div></div><div class="highlight-small-block__button-container"><div class="highlight-small-block__button-wrapper"><a href="/research/strategic-planning" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Read more about Research Strategic Planning"><span class="button__label">Read More</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="highlight-small-block__button-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section aria-label="Research Leadership &amp; Teams" class="highlight-small-block highlight-small-block--null--width-mode highlight-small-block--with-image"><div class="highlight-small-block__image-container"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div><div class="highlight-small-block__content-container"><h2 class="highlight-small-block__title">Research Leadership &amp; Teams</h2><div class="highlight-small-block__summary">Deputy Deans for Basic Science, Clinical &amp; Translational research, OPSSD Development Team, YCCI Senior Leadership, and more.</div></div><div class="highlight-small-block__button-container"><div class="highlight-small-block__button-wrapper"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/people/research/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon"><span class="button__label">View Leadership</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="highlight-small-block__button-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><ul><li class="highlight-navigation-block-list__item"><section aria-label="Clinical Trials" class="highlight-block highlight-block--background-mode--light highlight-block--outline-mode--dark highlight-block--size-mode--null highlight-block--clickable"><div class="highlight-block-representation highlight-block-representation--size-mode--null"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/clinicaltrials/" class="highlight-block-representation__link" aria-label="Read more about Clinical Trials" tabindex="-1"><figure class="highlight-block-figure highlight-block-figure--color-mode--transparent highlight-block-figure--size-mode--null"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></figure></a></div><div class="highlight-block-content highlight-block-content--size-mode--null"><div class="highlight-block-content__item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/clinicaltrials/" class="highlight-block-title__link" aria-label="Read more about Clinical Trials" tabindex="-1"><h2 class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow highlight-block-title highlight-block-title--type--main highlight-block-title--size-mode--null highlight-block-title--color-mode--blue">Clinical Trials<wbr/></h2></a></div><div class="highlight-block-content__item"><div class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow highlight-block-text"><div>Clinical trials help researchers develop new and better treatments. The information they provide is the only way for medical breakthroughs to reach the public.</div></div></div><div class="highlight-block-content__item"></div></div></section></li></ul></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><article class="article-widget" aria-label="Research at YSM"><div class="article-widget__title-container"><div class="heading__container"><h2 class="article-widget__title" id="research-at-ysm">Research at YSM</h2><div class="heading__anchor-copy-button-container"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy Link" class="anchor-copy-button anchor-copy-button--color-mode--dark"><span class="anchor-copy-button__content"><span class="anchor-copy-button__text">Copy Link</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="anchor-copy-button__icon"><path d="M5.253 21.497a5.21 5.21 0 0 1-3.712-1.535A5.21 5.21 0 0 1 .006 16.25c0-1.404.545-2.722 1.535-3.712l4.773-4.774a5.22 5.22 0 0 1 3.716-1.539c1.402 0 2.719.544 3.708 1.531a5.225 5.225 0 0 1 .538 6.804.75.75 0 0 1-1.048.165.74.74 0 0 1-.299-.489.75.75 0 0 1 .134-.558 3.73 3.73 0 0 0-.384-4.86 3.73 3.73 0 0 0-2.649-1.094 3.73 3.73 0 0 0-2.655 1.099l-4.774 4.774a3.754 3.754 0 0 0 0 5.303c.707.707 1.649 1.096 2.652 1.096s1.945-.389 2.652-1.096l.932-.932a.744.744 0 0 1 1.06 0 .744.744 0 0 1 0 1.06l-.932.932a5.2 5.2 0 0 1-3.712 1.537"></path><path d="M13.978 18.024a5.21 5.21 0 0 1-3.709-1.535 5.22 5.22 0 0 1-.536-6.803.75.75 0 0 1 1.047-.166.75.75 0 0 1 .3.49.75.75 0 0 1-.134.558 3.73 3.73 0 0 0 .383 4.859 3.73 3.73 0 0 0 2.65 1.096 3.73 3.73 0 0 0 2.654-1.1l4.773-4.773c.708-.708 1.098-1.65 1.098-2.652s-.39-1.943-1.098-2.652c-.707-.707-1.649-1.096-2.652-1.096s-1.945.389-2.652 1.096l-.75.75a.744.744 0 0 1-1.06 0c-.142-.141-.22-.33-.22-.53s.078-.389.22-.53l.75-.75c.99-.99 2.309-1.536 3.712-1.536s2.722.545 3.712 1.536a5.21 5.21 0 0 1 1.538 3.712 5.21 5.21 0 0 1-1.538 3.712l-4.773 4.773a5.21 5.21 0 0 1-3.711 1.54z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="article-list"><ul class="article-list__post-container"><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Liver Cancer Screening: A New Tool for Improved Detection" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">November 08, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/liver-cancer-screening-new-tool-improved-detection/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Liver Cancer Screening: A New Tool for Improved Detection" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Liver Cancer Screening: A New Tool for Improved Detection</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/liver-cancer-screening-new-tool-improved-detection/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Liver Cancer Screening: A New Tool for Improved Detection"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Liver Cancer Screening: A New Tool for Improved Detection</span></span></a></div></div></article></li><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Dr. Jaime Hyman has been highlighted as the November / December &quot;Featured Member&quot; on the MPOG Website" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">November 04, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/dr-jaime-hyman-appointed-as-featured-member-on-mpog-multicenter-perioperative-outcomes-group-website/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Dr. Jaime Hyman has been highlighted as the November / December &quot;Featured Member&quot; on the MPOG Website" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Dr. Jaime Hyman has been highlighted as the November / December &quot;Featured Member&quot; on the MPOG Website</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/dr-jaime-hyman-appointed-as-featured-member-on-mpog-multicenter-perioperative-outcomes-group-website/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Dr. Jaime Hyman has been highlighted as the November / December &quot;Featured Member&quot; on the MPOG Website"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Dr. Jaime Hyman has been highlighted as the November / December &quot;Featured Member&quot; on the MPOG Website</span></span></a></div></div></article></li><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Yale Study: Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Found More Effective Than Clinician-Delivered Therapy at Reducing Alcohol Use in a Clinical Trial" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">September 26, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/a-digital-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-program-for-adults-with-alcohol-use-disorder/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Yale Study: Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Found More Effective Than Clinician-Delivered Therapy at Reducing Alcohol Use in a Clinical Trial" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Yale Study: Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Found More Effective Than Clinician-Delivered Therapy at Reducing Alcohol Use in a Clinical Trial</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/a-digital-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-program-for-adults-with-alcohol-use-disorder/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Yale Study: Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Found More Effective Than Clinician-Delivered Therapy at Reducing Alcohol Use in a Clinical Trial"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Yale Study: Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Found More Effective Than Clinician-Delivered Therapy at Reducing Alcohol Use in a Clinical Trial</span></span></a></div></div></article></li><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Yale Scientists Uncover Genetic Predisposition to Anxiety" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">September 19, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/yale-scientists-uncover-genetic-predisposition-to-anxiety/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Yale Scientists Uncover Genetic Predisposition to Anxiety" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Yale Scientists Uncover Genetic Predisposition to Anxiety</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/yale-scientists-uncover-genetic-predisposition-to-anxiety/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Yale Scientists Uncover Genetic Predisposition to Anxiety"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Yale Scientists Uncover Genetic Predisposition to Anxiety</span></span></a></div></div></article></li><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Microglia-Mediated Neuroimmune Suppression in PTSD Is Associated With Anhedonia" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">August 23, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/microglia-mediated-neuroimmune-suppression-in-ptsd-is-associated-with-anhedonia/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Microglia-Mediated Neuroimmune Suppression in PTSD Is Associated With Anhedonia" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Microglia-Mediated Neuroimmune Suppression in PTSD Is Associated With Anhedonia</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/microglia-mediated-neuroimmune-suppression-in-ptsd-is-associated-with-anhedonia/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Microglia-Mediated Neuroimmune Suppression in PTSD Is Associated With Anhedonia"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Microglia-Mediated Neuroimmune Suppression in PTSD Is Associated With Anhedonia</span></span></a></div></div></article></li><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Novel E-Cigarette Products Marketed to Contain Nicotine Analogs Instead of Nicotine Show Discrepancies Between Label Information and Contents" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">August 07, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/novel-e-cigarette-products-marketed-to-contain-nicotine-analogs-instead-of-nicotine-show-discrepancies-between-label-information-and-contents/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Novel E-Cigarette Products Marketed to Contain Nicotine Analogs Instead of Nicotine Show Discrepancies Between Label Information and Contents" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Novel E-Cigarette Products Marketed to Contain Nicotine Analogs Instead of Nicotine Show Discrepancies Between Label Information and Contents</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/novel-e-cigarette-products-marketed-to-contain-nicotine-analogs-instead-of-nicotine-show-discrepancies-between-label-information-and-contents/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Novel E-Cigarette Products Marketed to Contain Nicotine Analogs Instead of Nicotine Show Discrepancies Between Label Information and Contents"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Novel E-Cigarette Products Marketed to Contain Nicotine Analogs Instead of Nicotine Show Discrepancies Between Label Information and Contents</span></span></a></div></div></article></li><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Yale Scientists Aim to Achieve Better Understanding of Molecular Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder on Brain" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">July 19, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/yale-scientists-aims-to-achieve-better-understanding-of-molecular-effects-of-alcohol-use-disorder-on-brain/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Yale Scientists Aim to Achieve Better Understanding of Molecular Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder on Brain" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Yale Scientists Aim to Achieve Better Understanding of Molecular Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder on Brain</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/yale-scientists-aims-to-achieve-better-understanding-of-molecular-effects-of-alcohol-use-disorder-on-brain/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Yale Scientists Aim to Achieve Better Understanding of Molecular Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder on Brain"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Yale Scientists Aim to Achieve Better Understanding of Molecular Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder on Brain</span></span></a></div></div></article></li><li class="article-list__post article-list__post--small"><article aria-label="Elucidating Host-Microbe Interactions to Address Vector-Borne Diseases" class="article-post article-post--small"><div class="article-post__date-container"><span class="article-post-date">July 08, 2024</span></div><a href="/news-article/elucidating-host-microbe-interactions-to-address-vector-borne-diseases/" class="article-post-content-link" aria-label="Elucidating Host-Microbe Interactions to Address Vector-Borne Diseases" tabindex="-1"><div class="article-post__thumbnail"><div class="article-post-thumbnail" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div></div><div class="article-post__title-wrapper"><h3 class="article-post-title article-post-title--size-mode--small">Elucidating Host-Microbe Interactions to Address Vector-Borne Diseases</h3></div></a><div class="article-post__link-details-wrapper"><div class="article-post-link-details"><a href="/news-article/elucidating-host-microbe-interactions-to-address-vector-borne-diseases/" tabindex="0" class="link link--size--small link--width--inline link--align--right link--color--black link--font--normal link--decorate-color--light-blue" aria-label="Read more about Elucidating Host-Microbe Interactions to Address Vector-Borne Diseases"><span class="link__label">Read more<span class="visually-hidden-content" role="presentation">about Elucidating Host-Microbe Interactions to Address Vector-Borne Diseases</span></span></a></div></div></article></li></ul></div><div class="article-widget__buttons-wrapper"><div class="article-widget__more-news-button"><div class="article-widget__button-container"><a href="/search/?entityType=Article&amp;orgId=113592&amp;articleSource=Ysm&amp;articleSource=External&amp;articleKeyword=basic%20science%20research&amp;articleKeyword=clinical%20research&amp;articleKeyword=translational%20research" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link" aria-label="More Research at YSM"><span class="button__label">More News</span></a></div></div><div class="article-widget__rss-feed-link-wrapper"><a href="/news-rss/?title=Research%20at%20YSM&amp;orgId=113592&amp;keywordId=111&amp;keywordId=119&amp;keywordId=1361" target="_blank" class="rss-feed-link" rel="noreferrer"><span class="rss-feed-link__text">Get RSS Feed</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="rss-feed-link__icon"><g stroke="#1271E3" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="0.83" clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M5.291 10.562a8.15 8.15 0 0 1 8.147 8.147M5.291 5.77a12.94 12.94 0 0 1 12.94 12.94M5.77 16.79a1.438 1.438 0 1 0 2.875 0 1.438 1.438 0 0 0-2.875 0"></path><path d="M23.022 20.147a2.884 2.884 0 0 1-2.875 2.876H3.852a2.884 2.884 0 0 1-2.875-2.876V3.853A2.884 2.884 0 0 1 3.852.977h16.295a2.884 2.884 0 0 1 2.875 2.876z"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path></clipPath></defs></svg></a></div></div></article></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section class="banner banner--size--xs banner--align--center" aria-label="Yale Research"><div class="banner__parallax-wrapper" style="transform:scale(1)" aria-hidden="true"><div class="banner__background-wrapper" style="background:#444C57"></div></div><div class="banner__content-wrapper"><div class="cta-banner cta-banner--component-size--null cta-banner--size--xs" style="color:#FFFFFF"><div class="cta-banner__content"><div class="banner-content banner-content--size--xs"><div class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow banner-content__title">Yale Research<wbr/></div><div class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow banner-content__descriptor">Through bold thinking, rigorous scholarship, and cross-cutting collaborations, Yale research pushes the boundaries of knowledge to benefit people and our planet.<wbr/></div></div></div><div class="cta-banner__cta-container"><a href="https://research.yale.edu/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Find out more about Yale Research"><span class="button__label">Research at Yale</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="cta-banner__link-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section class="banner banner--size--xs banner--align--center" aria-label="University-wide Science Strategic Plan"><div class="banner__parallax-wrapper" style="transform:scale(1)" aria-hidden="true"><div class="banner__background-wrapper" style="background:#444C57"></div></div><div class="banner__content-wrapper"><div class="cta-banner cta-banner--component-size--null cta-banner--size--xs" style="color:#FFFFFF"><div class="cta-banner__content"><div class="banner-content banner-content--size--xs"><div class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow banner-content__title">University-wide Science Strategic Plan<wbr/></div><div class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow banner-content__descriptor">Yale鈥檚 strategy to accelerate science and engineering is targeted and specific, focusing on five multidisciplinary areas and several cross-cutting initiatives: Data Science and Computer Science, Inflammation Science, Neuroscience, Planetary Solutions, and Quantum Science and Engineering.<wbr/></div></div></div><div class="cta-banner__cta-container"><a href="https://president.yale.edu/university-initiatives/science-and-engineering" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Find out more about University-wide Science Strategic Plan"><span class="button__label">University Science Plan</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="cta-banner__link-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></div></section></div></div></main><footer class="footer"><div class="footer__primary-panel-wrapper footer__primary-panel-wrapper--full-height"><div class="footer__content-container"><section class="footer__primary-panel" aria-label="Primary Links"><div class="desktop-footer-primary-panel"><div class="desktop-footer-primary-panel__organization-info-wrapper"><div class="footer-organization-info" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Yale School of Medicine" viewBox="0 0 384.2 29.1" focusable="false" class="site-wordmark__icon site-wordmark__icon--mode-ysm footer-organization-info__icon"><desc>Yale School of Medicine</desc><path d="m22.3 6.1-6.8 11.5v7.7c.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 4.7 2.2v1.1H6.8v-1.1c1.9-.1 4.2-.4 4.8-1.6v-8l-7-11.8C3.5 4.2 2.3 3.5 0 3.4V2.3h11.6v1.1c-2.2.1-2.9.5-3.5 1l6.5 11.2 6.3-11.1c-.7-.5-1.5-1-3.7-1.1V2.3h9.9v1.1c-2.2 0-3.6.8-4.8 2.7M35.9 29c-2.2 0-3.3-1.5-3.4-2.6-1.4 1.5-3.2 2.6-5 2.6-2.2 0-4.1-1.4-4.1-3.7 0-1.2.3-2.4.9-3.3l8.2-3v-3.1c0-1.9-.9-3.6-2.7-3.6-1.1 0-2.2 1.4-2.3 3.5l-3.7.6V16c1.2-3.7 5.3-5.2 7.3-5.2 3.8 0 5.1 2 5.1 5.1l-.1 8.7c0 1.7.9 2.1 1.7 2.1.7 0 1.3-.4 2.1-1.2v1.2c-.9 1-2.5 2.3-4 2.3m-8.3-6.8c-.2.7-.3 1.2-.3 2.2 0 1.2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.2 0 1.9-.4 3.1-1.3V20c-1.1.5-3.7 1.7-4.9 2.2m12.7 6.4v-1c1.9-.1 2.4-.5 2.7-1.2V5c0-1.4-.2-2-3.1-2.2v-.9L47.5 0l.2.7-1.2 1.5v24.2c.4.8 1.2 1.1 2.9 1.2v1zm19.1.4c-4.3 0-7.7-3.4-7.7-8.2 0-5.9 3.6-9.9 8.7-9.9 4.1 0 6.4 2.3 6.4 6v.7l-11.2-.1c-.1.5-.1 1.2-.1 2.1 0 4.2 2.7 7 6.2 7 2.1 0 3.2-.7 4.8-2.2l.6 1c-2.4 2.1-4.3 3.6-7.7 3.6m.4-16.9c-2.1 0-3.5 1.7-4 4.3l7.3-.1c-.1-2.2-1.4-4.2-3.3-4.2M83.4 29.1c-2.1 0-3.8-.6-4.9-1l-.5-4.4h.7c.2 1.1 1 2.5 2 3.2.6.5 1.9 1.2 3 1.2 2.2 0 3.3-1.4 3.3-2.8 0-1.9-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.2-3.8-1.6-5.2-2.6-5.2-5.2 0-2.9 2.9-4.8 6.7-4.8 1.8 0 3.2.5 4.1.9v4.3h-.7c-.1-1.1-.5-2.5-1.5-3.1-.4-.2-1.4-.9-2.6-.9-2.1 0-3.2 1.3-3.2 2.6 0 1.7.9 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.4 5 2.5 5 5 0 2.9-2.9 4.8-6.5 4.8m25.1-1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zm15.4.6V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zm18.9.4c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m21.4 16c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m11.9 15.6V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zm33 .4c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4.1 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1m24.4 3.4c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9H226V20l3.5-.1c1.7-.1 2.4-.1 2.7-2h.7v5.5h-.7c-.2-2.1-.9-2.1-2.6-2.1h-3.5v5.5c.3.8 1.8 1.2 3 1.3v.7h-8.6V28c1.1-.1 2.4-.3 2.7-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.4-.9-2.6-.9v-.7h10.7c.6 0 1.1 0 1.5-.2h.6v4.3zm26.2 12.2V28c1.2-.1 2.5-.4 2.7-.9l-.5-9.5v-2.7l-.8 2.1-5.2 11.7h-1l-4.5-12.3-.7-2-.1 1.8-.7 10.6c.2.5 1.4 1 2.6 1.1v.7h-6.7V28c1.2-.1 2.3-.6 2.6-1.1l.7-9.2c.1-.9.2-2.8.2-2.9V14c-.3-.4-1.1-.8-2.3-.9v-.7h5.8l.8 2.5 3.7 10.2 4.2-9.9 1.1-2.7h5.2v.5c-1.2.1-2.1.4-2.3.8v.6c0 .3.1 2.3.2 3.1l.5 9.5c.3.5 1.4.8 2.5.9v.7h-8zm16.5 0-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7H281c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6zm20.8 0h-8.6V28c1.1 0 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.5-.8-2.7-.9v-.7c3-.1 5.9-.3 8.2-.3 5.9 0 9.4 3 9.4 8s-3.9 8.8-8.9 8.7M294.5 13H293v13.9c.3.4 1.7.8 2.7.8 4.1 0 6.1-2.8 6.1-6.8 0-5.3-2.8-7.9-7.3-7.9m13.1 15.7V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7h-8.2zm25.6-.6c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zm3.8.6V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7H337zm27.8-14.5V24c0 1.4.1 3.7.2 4.9h-1.6l-10-12.3-1.1-1.7.1 1.5v5.9c0 1.4.1 3.4.2 4.5.2.5 1.7 1 2.9 1.1v.7h-7.1V28c1.2-.1 2.3-.6 2.5-1.1v-9.2c0-1.3 0-2.6-.1-3.5-.3-.5-1.3-1-2.5-1.1v-.7h5.2l1.5 1.9 8.4 10.3v-5.9c0-1.4-.1-3.6-.1-4.4-.2-.5-1.7-1.1-2.9-1.1v-.7h7.1v.5c-1.3.1-2.4.6-2.7 1.2m10.7 14.5-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h10.7c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="desktop-footer-primary-panel__primary-links-wrapper"><nav aria-label="Footer Primary Links"><ul class="footer-primary-sections-list"><li class="footer-primary-sections-list__item"><div class="footer-section addresses-footer-section"><div class="footer-primary-link__content"><section class="addresses-footer-section__addresses-container addresses-footer-section__addresses-container--single-address" aria-label="Organization Address"><address class="addresses-footer-section__address-item"><div class="addresses-footer-section__address-line">333 Cedar Street</div><div class="addresses-footer-section__address-line">New Haven, CT 06510</div></address></section></div><div class="footer-primary-link__button-link"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/maps/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Maps &amp; Directions"><span class="button__label">Maps &amp; Directions</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="footer-primary-link__button-link-icon"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="11.5" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></circle><path d="M11.352 18.758a.35.35 0 0 1-.66-.162v-4.938a.35.35 0 0 0-.35-.35H5.4a.35.35 0 0 1-.162-.66l11.751-6.109a.35.35 0 0 1 .472.472Z" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li><li class="footer-primary-sections-list__item"><div class="footer-section support-footer-section"><div class="footer-primary-link__content"><div class="support-footer-section__title">Pioneering</div><div class="support-footer-section__motto-wrapper"><span class="support-footer-section__motto">Education, Patient Care</span><span class="support-footer-section__motto">&amp; Research</span></div></div><div class="footer-primary-link__button-link"><a href="/about/giving/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Support Us"><span class="button__label">Support Us</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="footer-primary-link__button-link-icon"><path d="M11.998 22.597a.75.75 0 0 1-.541-.231l-9.588-10A6.4 6.4 0 0 1 .677 4.96a6.4 6.4 0 0 1 5.754-3.549c1.001 0 1.964.228 2.863.677.619.309 1.18.714 1.669 1.203l1.036 1.035 1.036-1.035a6.38 6.38 0 0 1 4.542-1.878c1.718 0 3.33.667 4.542 1.878a6.415 6.415 0 0 1 0 9.082l-9.578 9.992a.76.76 0 0 1-.543.232M6.426 2.908c-.528 0-1.053.086-1.561.255a4.9 4.9 0 0 0-2.847 2.468 4.915 4.915 0 0 0 .922 5.685l9.058 9.447 9.047-9.438a4.925 4.925 0 0 0 .011-6.972c-.928-.928-2.165-1.439-3.481-1.439s-2.553.511-3.481 1.439l-1.566 1.565a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L9.902 4.352a5 5 0 0 0-1.279-.921 4.9 4.9 0 0 0-2.197-.523"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li><li class="footer-primary-sections-list__item"><div class="footer-section calendar-footer-section"><div class="footer-primary-link__content"><div class="calendar-footer-section__title">337 Events</div><div class="calendar-footer-section__content">you could attend <!-- -->in November 2024</div></div><div class="footer-primary-link__button-link"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/calendar/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Calendar"><span class="button__label">Calendar</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="footer-primary-link__button-link-icon"><rect width="22.5" height="19.5" x="0.75" y="3.75" rx="1.5" ry="1.5" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></rect><path d="M.75 9.75h22.5M6.75 6V.75M17.25 6V.75M5.625 13.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M5.625 18.75a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M12 13.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375A.375.375 0 0 0 12 13.5M12 18.75a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M18.375 13.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M18.375 18.75a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li><li class="footer-primary-sections-list__item"><div class="footer-section social-media-footer-section"><div class="footer-primary-link__content"><ul class="social-media-footer-section__links-list"><li class="social-media-footer-section__link-list-item"><a href="https://facebook.com/YaleSchoolOfMedicine" class="social-media-footer-section__link" aria-label="facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="social-media-footer-section__link-icon"><path d="M17.768 7.5H13.5V5.6a.972.972 0 0 1 1.012-1.1c.418 0 2.988.01 2.988.01V.5h-4.329C9.244.5 8.5 3.474 8.5 5.355V7.5h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.851Z" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></a></li><li class="social-media-footer-section__link-list-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/yalemed" class="social-media-footer-section__link" aria-label="x"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="social-media-footer-section__link-icon"><path d="M17.294 22.475 1.454 1.453h5.252l15.84 21.022zm4.508-21.022-8.35 8.954M2.198 22.475l8.344-8.948" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></a></li><li class="social-media-footer-section__link-list-item"><a href="https://instagram.com/yaleschoolofmed" class="social-media-footer-section__link" aria-label="instagram"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="social-media-footer-section__link-icon"><rect width="23" height="23" x="0.5" y="0.5" rx="6" ry="6" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></rect><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="6"></circle><circle cx="19" cy="5" r="1.5"></circle></svg></a></li><li class="social-media-footer-section__link-list-item"><a href="https://linkedin.com/school/yale-university-school-of-medicine" class="social-media-footer-section__link" aria-label="linkedin"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="social-media-footer-section__link-icon"><path d="M6.5 22.5h-5v-13h5Zm9-9a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v7h-5v-13h5v1.485a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 3.99-1.495c2.962 0 5.01 2.2 5.01 6.355V22.5h-5v-7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M6.5 5A2.5 2.5 0 1 1 4 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 5" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></a></li><li class="social-media-footer-section__link-list-item"><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@yaleschoolofmed" class="social-media-footer-section__link" aria-label="tiktok"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50" focusable="false" class="social-media-footer-section__link-icon"><path d="M41 4H9C6.243 4 4 6.243 4 9v32c0 2.757 2.243 5 5 5h32c2.757 0 5-2.243 5-5V9c0-2.757-2.243-5-5-5m-3.994 18.323a8 8 0 0 1-.69.035 7.49 7.49 0 0 1-6.269-3.388v11.537a8.527 8.527 0 1 1-8.527-8.527c.178 0 .352.016.527.027v4.202c-.175-.021-.347-.053-.527-.053a4.351 4.351 0 1 0 0 8.704c2.404 0 4.527-1.894 4.527-4.298l.042-19.594h4.02a7.49 7.49 0 0 0 6.901 6.685v4.67" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-primary-link__button-link"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/about/contact-us/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Contact Us"><span class="button__label">Contact Us</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="footer-primary-link__button-link-icon"><rect width="22.5" height="15" x="0.75" y="4.5" rx="1.5" ry="1.5" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></rect><path d="M15.687 9.975 19.5 13.5M8.313 9.975 4.5 13.5M22.88 5.014l-9.513 6.56a2.41 2.41 0 0 1-2.734 0L1.12 5.014" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></section></div></div><div class="footer__secondary-panel-wrapper"><div class="footer__content-container"><section class="footer__secondary-panel" aria-label="Secondary Links"><div class="footer__secondary-links"><nav class="footer-secondary-links-list" aria-label="Footer Secondary Links"><ul class="footer-secondary-links-list__list"><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="/myysm/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Intranet">Intranet</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="mailto:ysm.editor@yale.edu" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Site Editor">Site Editor</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/accessibility/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Accessibility at YSM">Accessibility at YSM</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/diversity-equity-inclusion/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Nondiscrimination &amp; Title IX">Nondiscrimination &amp; Title IX</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/safety-security-resources/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Safety &amp; Security">Safety &amp; Security</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="/privacy" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Terms &amp; Privacy Statement">Terms &amp; Privacy Statement</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://yale.edu" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Yale University">Yale University</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="http://library.medicine.yale.edu/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Library &amp; Reference">Library &amp; Reference</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><button type="button" class="footer-secondary-links-list__button" tabindex="0"><span>Manage Cookie Preferences</span></button></li></ul></nav></div><div class="footer__copyright-wrapper"><small class="footer-copyright">漏 <!-- -->2024<!-- --> <!-- -->Yale School of Medicine<!-- -->. Updated <!-- -->09/17/2024</small></div></section></div></div></footer></div><div class="back-to-top-button back-to-top-button--hidden back-to-top-button--without-touch" aria-hidden="true"><button type="button" aria-label="Back to top" class="back-to-top-button__button" tabindex="-1"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="back-to-top-button__arrow"><path d="M.75 17.189 11.47 6.47a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l10.72 10.719" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px;fill-rule:evenodd"></path></svg></button></div></div><div class="outdated-browser-warning" aria-hidden="true">Your browser is antiquated and no longer supported on this website. Please update your browser or switch to Chrome, Firefox or Safari. <br/>You can update your IE here: <br/><a class="outdated-browser-warning__link" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads</a></div></div> <script id='page-data' type='application/json'>{&quot;header&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;MainHeader&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:-1,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;rootOrganizationType&quot;:&quot;ysm&quot;,&quot;rootOrganizationLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Yale School of Medicine&quot;},&quot;navigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;About YSM&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/history-facts-and-figures&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;History, Facts &amp; Figures&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leadership, Administration &amp; Governance&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/ysm-dean-deputy-deans&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM Dean &amp; Deputy Deans&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/ysm-administration&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM Administration&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/department-chairs&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Department Chairs&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Committees &amp; Workgroups&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/executive-group&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM Executive Group&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/board-of-permanent-officers&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM Board of Permanent Officers&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/fac&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Advisory Council&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/fac/documents&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;FAC Documents&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/fac/current-fac-members&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Current FAC Members&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/appointments-promotions&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Appointments &amp; Promotions Committees&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/adhoc-working-groups&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Ad Hoc Committees and Working Groups&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/searches&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Current Searches&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/searches/chair&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Chair Searches&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/committees/searches/leadership&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leadership Searches&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/leadership-administration/charts&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Organization Charts&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/state-of-the-school&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;State of the School&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/state-of-the-school/faculty-demographics&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Demographic Data&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/state-of-the-school/professionalism&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Professionalism Reporting Data&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/state-of-the-school/diversity-engagement-survey&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;2022 Diversity Engagement Survey&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/state-of-the-school/archive&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;State of the School Archive&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://faculty.yale.edu/data/faculty-climate-survey/2023-faculty-climate-survey/school-results-2023/ysm-2023&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Climate Survey: YSM Results&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/strategic-planning&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Strategic Planning&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/deanoffice&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Office of the Dean&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/deanoffice/mission-statement&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mission Statement &amp; Process&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/news/beyond-sterling-hall/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beyond Sterling Hall&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/deanoffice/workshop&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Dean&#x27;s Workshop&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/deanoffice/workshop/covid-19-workshops&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;COVID-19 Series Workshops&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/deanoffice/workshop/past&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Previous Workshops&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/deanoffice/listening-meeting-sign-up&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Listening Meetings&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/deanoffice/reports&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/departments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Departments &amp; Centers&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/findpeople&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Find People&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Giving to YSM&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/cancer&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Cancer&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/data-science&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Biomedical Data Science&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/health-equity&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Health Equity&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/inflammation&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Inflammation&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/neuroscience&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Neuroscience&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/education&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Education&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/global-health&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Global Health&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/diabetes-metabolism&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Diabetes and Metabolism&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/policies/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Policies &amp; Procedures&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/contact-us&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Contact Us&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/contact-media-relations&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Media Relations&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/a-to-z-index&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A-Z Websites &amp; Lists&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/a-to-z-index/atoz&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A-to-Z Websites&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/a-to-z-index/atoz/lab-websites&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A to Z YSM Lab Websites&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/faculty/faculty-directory/facultylist/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A-Z Faculty List&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/a-to-z-index/stafflist&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A-Z Staff List&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/a-to-z-index/abbreviations&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A to Z Abbreviations&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/privacy/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Terms, Privacy &amp; Notices&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Education&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/md-program/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MD Program&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/mdphd/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MD-PhD Program&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/pa/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;PA Program&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://paonline.yale.edu/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;PA Online Program&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/joint-md-programs&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Joint MD Programs&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MHS Program&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/how-to-apply&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;How to Apply&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/how-to-apply/internal&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Internal&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/how-to-apply/external&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;External&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/advanced-health-science-research&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Advanced Health Sciences Research&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/clinical-informatics-data-science&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Clinical Informatics &amp; Data Science&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/clinical-investigation&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Clinical Investigation&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/medical-education&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Medical Education&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/mhs-degree/mhs-team&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MHS Team&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/md-program/visiting-students/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Visiting Student Programs&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/md-program/special-programs/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Special Programs &amp; Student Opportunities&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/residency-fellowships&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Residency &amp; Fellowship Programs&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/center-for-medical-education/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Center for Med Ed&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/deputy-dean&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Office of the Deputy Dean&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/deputy-dean/organizational-chart&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Organizational Chart&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/deputy-dean/house-naming-process&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;House Naming Process&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/research-by-keyword&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research by Keyword&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/researchbydept&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research by Department&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/facultymap&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research by Global Location&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Translational Research&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/services&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research Cores &amp; Services&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Resources for Investigators&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/team-science&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Team Science&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/team-science/points-application&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Program for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Team Science (POINTS)&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/team-science/studios&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Studios&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/oher&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Health Equity Research&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/oher/about&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;About Us&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/oher/cenr&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Community-Engaged Research (CEnR)&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/oher/cenr/steering&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;CEnR Steering Committee&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/oher/cenr/experential&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Experiential Learning Subcommittee&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/oher/resources&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Resources&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/oher/news&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;OHER News&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/biobank&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM Biobank&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/biobank/biobank-goals&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Goals &amp; Objectives&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/biobank/inventory&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Inventory&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/biobank/pricing&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Pricing&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/biobank/people&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty &amp; Staff&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources/biobank/contacts-ysm-biobank&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Contact Us&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/strategic-planning&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Strategic Planning&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/patients&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Patient Care&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Diversity&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/whoweare&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Who We Are&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/whoweare/diversitychampions&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Dept. Diversity Vice Chairs &amp; Champions&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/dei-educational-offerings&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;DEI Educational Offerings&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/facultystaff&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;For Faculty &amp; Staff&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/lgbtqi/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Dean&#x2019;s Advisory Council on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex Affairs Website&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/more/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Minority Organization for Retention and Expansion Website&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/owm/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Office for Women in Medicine and Science&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/swim/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Committee on the Status of Women in Medicine Website&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/facultystaff/director-scientist-diversity-inclusion&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Director of Scientist Diversity and Inclusion&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/facultystaff/diversity-supplements&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Diversity Supplements&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;For Students, Trainees, &amp; Postdocs&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/science-fellows-program&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM Science Fellows Program&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/science-fellows-program/faq&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Frequently Asked Questions&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Yale Black Postdoc Association&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/about&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;About Us&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/people&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;People&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/whatwedo&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;What We Do&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/studentstraineespostdocs/ybpa/news&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;News&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/initiatives&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Strategic Initiatives&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/initiatives/recruitment&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Recruitment&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/initiatives/retention&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Retention&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/initiatives/inclusion&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Inclusion&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/initiatives/department&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;By Department &amp; Program&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/newsevents&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;News &amp; Events&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Program for Art in Public Spaces&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps/execcomm&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Executive Committee&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps/news&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;News&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps/aids&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;AIDS&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps/aperture&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Aperture: Women in Medicine&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps/selfreflection&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Self-Reflection&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps/portraits-of-strength&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Portraits of Strength&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/paps/mindful&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mindful: Mental Health Through Art&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/galleries&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Event Photo Galleries&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/diversity/support&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Individual Resources&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Academic &amp; Professional Development&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/people&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;OAPD People &amp; Committees&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/people/leadership-staff&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leadership &amp; Staff&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/people/committees&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Committees&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/people/committee-information&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Committee Procedural Info (Login Required)&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Academic Affairs&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/department-teams&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Affairs Department Teams&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/recent-appointments-promotions&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Recent Appointments &amp; Promotions&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Tracks, Ranks, &amp; Positions&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/clinical&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Academic Clinician Track&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/educator&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Clinician Educator-Scholar Track&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/scientist&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Clinican-Scientist Track&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/investigator&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Investigator Track&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/traditional&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Traditional Track&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/research&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research Ranks&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/instructor-lecturer&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Instructor/Lecturer&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/social-work-ranks&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Social Work Ranks&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/voluntary&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Voluntary Ranks&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/adjunct&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Adjunct Ranks&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/tracks-ranks/secondary-dual-joint&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Other Appt Types&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Appointments, Promotions, and Reappointments&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process/appts&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Appointments&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process/promotions&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Promotions&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/arp-process/reappt&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Reappointments&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/transfer&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Transfer of Track&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leaves, Term Extensions, Part-Time, &amp; Retirement&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/leaves-by-type&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leaves&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/extensions&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Term Extensions&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/part-time&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Part-Time&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/leaves/retirement&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Retirement&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Processes &amp; Documents&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/timeline&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Timeline for A&amp;P Processes&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/searches&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Interfolio Faculty Search&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/appointment&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Interfolio A&amp;P Processes&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/cv-info&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Yale CV Part 1 (CV1)&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/cv2&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Yale CV Part 2 (CV2)&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/reprints&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Samples of Scholarship&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/teaching-evaluations&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Teaching Evaluations&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/letters&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Letters of Evaluation&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/dept-reason&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Dept A&amp;P Narrative&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/voting&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A&amp;P Voting&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/templates&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Affairs Staff Pages&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/templates/request-position&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Request for Faculty Positions (RFP)&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/templates/offer-letters&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Offer Letters&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/templates/referree-letters&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Referee Letters&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/finance-and-administration/operations/academic-appointee/faculty-compensation-resources/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Compensation Resources&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/academic-affairs/proccesses-and-documents/templates/downloads&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Document &amp; Form Index&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Development&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/workshops&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;OAPD Faculty Workshops&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/leadership-dev-seminars&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leadership &amp; Development Seminars&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/mentorship&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mentorship Programs&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/mentorship/mentors&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;List of Faculty Mentors&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/orientation&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Incoming Faculty Orientation&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/onboarding&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Onboarding&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Awards&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/past-awards&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Past YSM Award Recipients&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/pa-awards&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Past PA Award Recipients&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/ym-awards&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Past YM Award Recipients&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/international&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;International Award Recipients&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/awards/nominations&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Nominations Calendar&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/faculty-development/newsletter&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;OAPD Newsletter&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Professionalism&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/shared-vision&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Fostering a Shared Vision of Professionalism&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/integrity&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Academic Integrity&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/addressing-concerns&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Addressing Professionalism Concerns&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/consultation&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Consultation Support for Chairs &amp; Section Chiefs&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/academic-professional-development/professionalism/policies&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Policies &amp; Codes of Conduct&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Physician/Scientist Development&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/janeway&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Janeway Society&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/janeway/membership&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Membership&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/janeway/first-fridays&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;First Fridays&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/awards&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Physician-Scientist Development Awards&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/awards/awardees&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Awardees&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/faculty-facing-caregiving-need&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Facing Caregiving Need&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/physician-scientist-resident-fellow-research-award&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Physician-Scientist Resident &amp; Fellow Research Award&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/physician-scientist-resident-fellow-research-award/awardees&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Awardees&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/fund-for-physician-scientist-mentorship&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Fund for Physician-Scientist Mentorship&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/resources&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Resources&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/resources/grantlibrary&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Grant Library&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/resources/writingcourse&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Grant Writing Course&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/resources/mock-study-section&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mock Study Section&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/resources/researchwriting&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research Paper Writing&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/resources/estabilishing-research-program&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Establishing a Thriving Research Program&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/fundinops&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Funding Opportunities&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/opssd/news&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;News&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/faculty-engagement&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Engage with Students&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/faculty-engagement/voluntary-faculty-teaching-opportunities&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Join Our Voluntary Faculty&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/faculty-engagement/faculty-attestation&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Attestation&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/well-being&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Health &amp; Wellness Resources&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/well-being/fostering-wellness-in-children&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Child Mental Health: Fostering Wellness in Children&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/faculty-directory&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Directory&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/faculty-directory/facultylist&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A-Z Faculty List&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/resources&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty Resources&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;News&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/about-ysm-editorial&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;About YSM Editorial&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/beyond-sterling-hall&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beyond Sterling Hall&quot;},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/yale-medicine-magazine&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Yale Medicine Magazine&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/yale-medicine-magazine/issues-list&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Issues List&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/yale-medicine-magazine/print-version&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Print Magazine PDFs&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;topLink&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/medicineatyale&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Archive of Medicine@Yale&quot;},&quot;subNavigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/medicineatyale/issues-list&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Archive of Issues List&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/medicineatyale/print-version&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Archive of Print Newsletter PDFs&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/ysm-events&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM Events Newsletter&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/social&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Social Media&quot;},{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news/ysm-and-the-community&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;YSM &amp; the Community&quot;}],&quot;hasCurrentLink&quot;:false}],&quot;browseLinks&quot;:[{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;About YSM&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/faculty/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Faculty&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/myysm/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Staff&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Students&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/edu/residency-fellowships/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Residents &amp; Fellows&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://yalemedicine.org&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Patients&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Researchers&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/alumni/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Alumni&quot;}],&quot;searchUrl&quot;:&quot;/ysm/search/&quot;,&quot;ctaLink&quot;:null}},&quot;footer&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;Footer&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:-1,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;organizationType&quot;:&quot;ysm&quot;,&quot;primarySections&quot;:[{&quot;mailingAddresses&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:4944,&quot;officeName&quot;:null,&quot;name&quot;:null,&quot;addressLine1&quot;:&quot;333 Cedar Street&quot;,&quot;addressLine2&quot;:null,&quot;city&quot;:&quot;New Haven&quot;,&quot;region&quot;:&quot;CT&quot;,&quot;country&quot;:&quot;United States&quot;,&quot;postalCode&quot;:&quot;06510&quot;,&quot;category&quot;:null}],&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/maps/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Maps &amp; Directions&quot;}},{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Pioneering&quot;,&quot;mottoWords&quot;:[&quot;Education&quot;,&quot;Patient Care&quot;,&quot;Research&quot;],&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/about/giving/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Support Us&quot;}},{&quot;eventsCount&quot;:337,&quot;period&quot;:&quot;2024-11-23T05:00:00Z&quot;,&quot;periodType&quot;:&quot;month&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/calendar/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Calendar&quot;}},{&quot;socialMediaLinks&quot;:{&quot;facebook&quot;:&quot;https://facebook.com/YaleSchoolOfMedicine&quot;,&quot;x&quot;:&quot;https://twitter.com/yalemed&quot;,&quot;instagram&quot;:&quot;https://instagram.com/yaleschoolofmed&quot;,&quot;linkedin&quot;:&quot;https://linkedin.com/school/yale-university-school-of-medicine&quot;,&quot;tiktok&quot;:&quot;https://www.tiktok.com/@yaleschoolofmed&quot;},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/about/contact-us/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Contact Us&quot;}}],&quot;secondaryLinks&quot;:[{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/myysm/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Intranet&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;mailto:ysm.editor@yale.edu&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Site Editor&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/accessibility/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Accessibility at YSM&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/diversity-equity-inclusion/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Nondiscrimination &amp; Title IX&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/safety-security-resources/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Safety &amp; Security&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/privacy&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Terms &amp; Privacy Statement&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://yale.edu&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Yale University&quot;},{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http://library.medicine.yale.edu/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Library &amp; Reference&quot;}],&quot;poweredByLink&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/communications/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Powered by Yale School of Medicine web platforms&quot;},&quot;lastModifiedDate&quot;:&quot;2024-09-17T11:45:08.3666111Z&quot;}},&quot;pageSettings&quot;:{&quot;hasContentOverlay&quot;:true,&quot;hasCustomLayout&quot;:false,&quot;isHomePage&quot;:false,&quot;isHomePageLayout&quot;:false,&quot;isDepartmentHeader&quot;:false,&quot;showAnnouncementModal&quot;:false,&quot;isWordPageVersion&quot;:false,&quot;showEditPageSection&quot;:false,&quot;useWideTemplate&quot;:true},&quot;googleAdsSettings&quot;:null,&quot;googleTagManagerSettings&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;GTM-T29B2V8&quot;,&quot;isSpaTrackingEnabled&quot;:false},&quot;freshpaintSettings&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;b6b4bb12-e8a3-48f7-a8ed-aa0be94fb272&quot;,&quot;isEnabled&quot;:true},&quot;facebookPixelSettings&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:null,&quot;isEnabled&quot;:false},&quot;trackersSettings&quot;:{&quot;isMsClarityEnabled&quot;:true},&quot;pageMetaData&quot;:{&quot;socialMediaTitle&quot;:&quot;Research&quot;,&quot;siteName&quot;:&quot;Yale School of Medicine&quot;,&quot;googleSiteVerification&quot;:&quot;JoMai-V4PlMR-HzbOo7lf7bKlMd68b6HRlPZcTQUcg0&quot;,&quot;keywords&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;twitterAccountName&quot;:null,&quot;twitterCardType&quot;:&quot;summary&quot;,&quot;facebookAppId&quot;:&quot;604142276782606&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/research/&quot;,&quot;resourceBaseUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu&quot;,&quot;faviconUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysm/favicon.ico&quot;,&quot;iconsFolderUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysm&quot;,&quot;webManifestFolderUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/web-manifests/ysm&quot;,&quot;browserConfigFolderUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/browser-configs/ysm&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research &lt; Yale School of Medicine&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Yale researchers have introduced countless medical and health advances over the last century, including the first success with antibiotics in the United States&quot;,&quot;imageMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;videoMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;audioMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;author&quot;:null,&quot;pageType&quot;:&quot;website&quot;,&quot;publishDate&quot;:&quot;2024-09-17T11:45:08.3666111Z&quot;,&quot;canonicalUrl&quot;:null,&quot;isNoIndex&quot;:false},&quot;popularSearches&quot;:[],&quot;pageStructuredData&quot;:[],&quot;cmsPageMetaData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:20975,&quot;lastPublishedDate&quot;:&quot;2024-09-17T11:45:08.3666111Z&quot;,&quot;editPageUrl&quot;:&quot;https://beatrix.yale.edu/cms/websites/101/pages/20975/content/edit&quot;},&quot;privacyCookiesUrl&quot;:&quot;/ysm/privacy/#cookies&quot;,&quot;publicationUrl&quot;:&quot;/ysm&quot;,&quot;topBanner&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HomePageBanner&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:1,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;description&quot;:null,&quot;quote&quot;:null,&quot;textColor&quot;:&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;,&quot;backgroundImage&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/36e09058-2174-4f01-9fa8-4780b6dd3363&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Image: abstract nano particles&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:8000,&quot;height&quot;:4500,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:null,&quot;link&quot;:null,&quot;sizeMode&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;hasParallax&quot;:true,&quot;subTitle&quot;:null,&quot;metaData&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;description&quot;:null,&quot;imageMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;videoMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;audioMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;author&quot;:null,&quot;pageType&quot;:null,&quot;publishDate&quot;:null,&quot;canonicalUrl&quot;:null,&quot;isNoIndex&quot;:false}}},&quot;mainComponents&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;GenericContent&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:2,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;paragraphs&quot;:[{&quot;heading&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&lt;p&gt;Yale researchers have introduced countless medical and health advances over the last century, including the first success with antibiotics in the United States and the first use of chemotherapy to treat cancer. University scientists have been responsible for the identification of Lyme disease and the discovery of genes responsible for high blood pressure, osteoporosis, dyslexia, and Tourette&#x27;s syndrome, among other disorders. Early work on the artificial heart and the creation of the first insulin pump took place at Yale, as did seminal discoveries about how the cell and its components function at the molecular level. Today, a wide range of research activities take place across all departments of the School of Medicine.\r\n&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&quot;,&quot;photo&quot;:null,&quot;imageLink&quot;:null,&quot;photoMode&quot;:&quot;medium&quot;,&quot;photoAlignment&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;textInset&quot;:{&quot;heading&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}],&quot;relatedLinks&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Related Link&quot;,&quot;items&quot;:[],&quot;columnsCount&quot;:1},&quot;metaData&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Yale researchers have introduced countless medical and health advances over the last century, including the first success with antibiotics in the United States and the first use of chemotherapy to treat cancer. University scientists have been responsible for the identification of Lyme disease and the discovery of genes responsible for high blood pressure, osteoporosis, dyslexia, and Tourette&#x27;s syndrome, among other disorders. Early work on the artificial heart and the creation of the first insulin pump took place at Yale, as did seminal discoveries about how the cell and its components function at the molecular level. Today, a wide range of research activities take place across all departments of the School of Medicine.&quot;,&quot;imageMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;videoMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;audioMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;author&quot;:null,&quot;pageType&quot;:null,&quot;publishDate&quot;:null,&quot;canonicalUrl&quot;:null,&quot;isNoIndex&quot;:false}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HighlightSmallBlock&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:3,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Faculty by Research Keyword&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Find collaborators and partners in your field of research at Yale School of Medicine.&#xA0;Faculty working in a specific research area can be found using the research by keyword listing.&#xA0;\r\n&lt;br /&gt;&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/7365fa35-a8b2-43b7-8740-fa4052139dfc&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Dr. Kang with students&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:6593,&quot;height&quot;:4395,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/research-by-keyword&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;View Keywords&quot;}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HighlightSmallBlock&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:4,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research by Department&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;The School of Medicine (YSM) has extraordinary strengths in basic science, translational and clinical research, and consistently rank in the top handful of medical schools receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/07e02bd9-c197-4dc9-8c89-f8d82d4ee897&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;YMS4012_0684_MB&amp;B&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2400,&quot;height&quot;:1600,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/researchbydept&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;View Departments&quot;}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HighlightSmallBlock&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:5,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Resources for Investigators&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Medical research is guided by many regulations, policies, and guidelines, and they are supported by various resources and offices at YSM.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/465e60a6-a7b7-446c-946b-8583d9ac6dc8&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Medical Library Renovations&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:4791,&quot;height&quot;:3627,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;View Resources&quot;}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HighlightSmallBlock&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:6,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research Cores &amp; Services&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Yale&#x2019;s Core Research Facilities provide Yale researchers access to state of the art scientific instrumentation, highly trained staff, and extraordinary consultants and specialists with the intent to keep Yale&#x2019;s scientific research at the cutting edge.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/79357ef2-12ac-4ecd-b37b-fb7f7012473c&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Keyboard with Service on one button&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1698,&quot;height&quot;:1131,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/services&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;View Cores&quot;}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HighlightSmallBlock&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:7,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research Strategic Planning&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Yale School of Medicine&#x2019;s strategic plan for scientific research aligns with Yale&#x2019;s broader plan of investment across scientific disciplines, and builds on key strengths in the school, such as data science, team science, and our health equity research.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/84b73b5f-7aa1-4cbd-857c-d73839e2af41&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;strategy image&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:6722,&quot;height&quot;:4510,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/strategic-planning&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HighlightSmallBlock&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:8,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research Leadership &amp; Teams&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Deputy Deans for Basic Science, Clinical &amp;amp; Translational research, OPSSD Development Team, YCCI Senior Leadership, and more.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/4fbc12f9-14e9-4c61-876b-cfa1aed9757c&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;333 Cedar Street&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:540,&quot;height&quot;:350,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/people/research/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;View Leadership&quot;}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;HighlightNavigationBlockList&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:9,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;subTitle&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hasOverlay&quot;:false,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Clinical Trials&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Clinical trials help researchers develop new and better treatments. The information they provide is the only way for medical breakthroughs to reach the public.&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/3a62229b-d26f-4403-a794-2c748474e26f&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;alt text&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2000,&quot;height&quot;:1149,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[]},&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/clinicaltrials/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}]}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ArticleWidget&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:10,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;small&quot;,&quot;organizationId&quot;:113592,&quot;keywordIds&quot;:[111,119,1361],&quot;profilePageNames&quot;:null,&quot;rssUrl&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-rss/?title=Research%20at%20YSM&amp;orgId=113592&amp;keywordId=111&amp;keywordId=119&amp;keywordId=1361&quot;,&quot;metaData&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research at YSM&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:null,&quot;imageMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;videoMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;audioMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;author&quot;:null,&quot;pageType&quot;:null,&quot;publishDate&quot;:null,&quot;canonicalUrl&quot;:null,&quot;isNoIndex&quot;:false},&quot;uniqueId&quot;:&quot;ddddd43c-dc4f-4ba4-8fd2-411ffa9bf4e7&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Research at YSM&quot;,&quot;baseSearchUrl&quot;:&quot;/ysm/search/?entityType=Article&amp;orgId=113592&amp;articleSource=Ysm&amp;articleSource=External&amp;articleKeyword=basic%20science%20research&amp;articleKeyword=clinical%20research&amp;articleKeyword=translational%20research&quot;,&quot;articles&quot;:{&quot;collection&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;61447&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-11-08T05:00:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Liver Cancer Screening: A New Tool for Improved Detection&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Hepatocellular carcinoma, a type of liver cancer, is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Screening efforts for this cancer focus on individuals diagnosed with viral hepatitis or those known to have irreversible liver scarring, or cirrhosis. Due in part to increasing rates of obesity, another major risk factor is emerging, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but factors associated with MASLD are not included in current screening practices. \n\nIn response, researchers at Yale have developed and validated a new risk score for hepatocellular carcinoma that considers these factors. Their work, &#x201C;Risk Score for Hepatocellular Cancer in Adults Without Viral Hepatitis or Cirrhosis&#x201D; was published on November 6, 2024, in JAMA Network Open.&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/c78e6dc7-0e81-4f5b-8345-70de4f14b6e1&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Liver Cancer&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:3600,&quot;height&quot;:2400,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_500,y_0,w_2000,h_2000/v1/yms/prod/c78e6dc7-0e81-4f5b-8345-70de4f14b6e1&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2000,&quot;height&quot;:2000,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_157,w_3000,h_1688/v1/yms/prod/c78e6dc7-0e81-4f5b-8345-70de4f14b6e1&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:3000,&quot;height&quot;:1688,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/liver-cancer-screening-new-tool-improved-detection/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;61372&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-11-04T05:00:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Dr. Jaime Hyman has been highlighted as the November / December \&quot;Featured Member\&quot; on the MPOG Website&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Congratulations to Dr. Jaime Hyman, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Division Chief of Ambulatory, Yale School of Medicine who has been highlighted as the November / December \&quot;Featured Member\&quot; on the MPOG (Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group) website. Dr. Hyman is the site PI for the THRIVE trial funded by PCORI and is also among the top clinical trial recruitment center thanks to her and her research team.&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/344d7c90-4c30-4e3f-a955-7eb22c83ad4d&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Dr. Jaime Hyman Appointed November/December Featured Member on MPOG&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1952,&quot;height&quot;:2560,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_304,w_1952,h_1952/v1/yms/prod/344d7c90-4c30-4e3f-a955-7eb22c83ad4d&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1952,&quot;height&quot;:1952,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_731,w_1952,h_1098/v1/yms/prod/344d7c90-4c30-4e3f-a955-7eb22c83ad4d&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1952,&quot;height&quot;:1098,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/dr-jaime-hyman-appointed-as-featured-member-on-mpog-multicenter-perioperative-outcomes-group-website/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;60587&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-09-26T04:00:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Yale Study: Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Found More Effective Than Clinician-Delivered Therapy at Reducing Alcohol Use in a Clinical Trial&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;A digital cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program was more effective than clinician-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in increasing alcohol abstinence in patients over an 8-month study period, according to a new Yale study. Brian D. Kiluk, PhD, associate professor of psychiatry, is lead author of the study, published in JAMA Network Open.&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/7f8d8f5f-d32d-49c6-bf85-9638fa5e83cd&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Photo of Brian D. Kiluk, PhD&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2400,&quot;height&quot;:1920,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_240,y_0,w_1920,h_1920/v1/yms/prod/7f8d8f5f-d32d-49c6-bf85-9638fa5e83cd&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1920,&quot;height&quot;:1920,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_98,w_2400,h_1346/v1/yms/prod/7f8d8f5f-d32d-49c6-bf85-9638fa5e83cd&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2400,&quot;height&quot;:1346,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/a-digital-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-program-for-adults-with-alcohol-use-disorder/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;60438&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-09-19T04:00:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Yale Scientists Uncover Genetic Predisposition to Anxiety&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;Investigators in the Yale Department of Psychiatry investigated the genetic profiles of more than 1 million participants enrolled in multiple cohorts around the world. Leveraging this large dataset, they uncovered more than 100 genes associated with anxiety. Eleni Friligkou, MD, MSc, and Renato Polimanti, PhD, MSc, are first and senior authors, respectively.&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/71e7c964-63c7-4b1f-8f9c-ed878c9c83c8&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Photo of Eleni Friligkou, MD, MSc and Renato Polimanti, PhD, MSc&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1920,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_420,y_0,w_1080,h_1080/v1/yms/prod/71e7c964-63c7-4b1f-8f9c-ed878c9c83c8&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_0,w_1920,h_1080/v1/yms/prod/71e7c964-63c7-4b1f-8f9c-ed878c9c83c8&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1920,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/yale-scientists-uncover-genetic-predisposition-to-anxiety/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;59938&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-08-23T04:00:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Microglia-Mediated Neuroimmune Suppression in PTSD Is Associated With Anhedonia&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;A new study, led by researchers at Yale School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, utilized positron emission tomography imaging with [11C]PBR28, a radiotracer to measure 18-kDa translocator protein to better understand microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain of individuals with PTSD.&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/b3f88f57-5bb9-4c35-bf9c-84a4d8069afd&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;brain-GettyImages-961785432&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1875,&quot;height&quot;:1875,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/93869bd4-b81a-4234-befb-9e4c3c4bdb2a&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1547,&quot;height&quot;:1547,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/51a69eee-ba66-41c6-840b-fd8d68b7ea90&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1875,&quot;height&quot;:1286,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio3x2&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_410,w_1875,h_1055/v1/yms/prod/b3f88f57-5bb9-4c35-bf9c-84a4d8069afd&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1875,&quot;height&quot;:1055,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/microglia-mediated-neuroimmune-suppression-in-ptsd-is-associated-with-anhedonia/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;59648&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-08-07T16:00:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Novel E-Cigarette Products Marketed to Contain Nicotine Analogs Instead of Nicotine Show Discrepancies Between Label Information and Contents&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;In a study published in JAMA, Yale scientists found that tobacco companies have begun to market products thatcontain nicotine analogs that mimic highly addictive nicotine. &quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/c0a8ee9b-f6c0-41a3-9817-d9b2d1ef573f&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;vaping GettyImages-1396683789&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:3973,&quot;height&quot;:2174,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_679,y_0,w_1642,h_1642/v1/yms/prod/c0a8ee9b-f6c0-41a3-9817-d9b2d1ef573f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1642,&quot;height&quot;:1642,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_433,y_0,w_2462,h_1642/v1/yms/prod/c0a8ee9b-f6c0-41a3-9817-d9b2d1ef573f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2462,&quot;height&quot;:1642,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio3x2&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_41,y_0,w_2918,h_1642/v1/yms/prod/c0a8ee9b-f6c0-41a3-9817-d9b2d1ef573f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2918,&quot;height&quot;:1642,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/novel-e-cigarette-products-marketed-to-contain-nicotine-analogs-instead-of-nicotine-show-discrepancies-between-label-information-and-contents/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;59342&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-07-19T04:00:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Yale Scientists Aim to Achieve Better Understanding of Molecular Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder on Brain&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;New research led by three Yale School of Medicine scientists aims to achieve better understanding of the molecular effects of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on certain regions of the brain.&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/9d954ec0-6dcb-427f-b84d-012cd3e0e451&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Girgenti_Krysal_Zhao Web&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_340,y_0,w_600,h_600/v1/yms/prod/9d954ec0-6dcb-427f-b84d-012cd3e0e451&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_107,y_0,w_1067,h_600/v1/yms/prod/9d954ec0-6dcb-427f-b84d-012cd3e0e451&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1067,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/yale-scientists-aims-to-achieve-better-understanding-of-molecular-effects-of-alcohol-use-disorder-on-brain/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;59137&quot;,&quot;bylineDate&quot;:&quot;2024-07-08T13:07:00&#x2B;00:00&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Elucidating Host-Microbe Interactions to Address Vector-Borne Diseases&quot;,&quot;summary&quot;:&quot;In a new study, Yale researchers identified the targets in the human body to which pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, and other vectors bind. Their findings, they say, could help address the rising threat of vector-borne diseases, a leading cause of death worldwide.&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;imageId&quot;:0,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/aa1220a3-6fba-489b-a75a-884decc27604&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Ticks in Fikrig lab&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:7515,&quot;height&quot;:4188,&quot;imageVariants&quot;:[{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Square&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_664,y_0,w_1672,h_1672/v1/yms/prod/aa1220a3-6fba-489b-a75a-884decc27604&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1672,&quot;height&quot;:1672,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio1x1&quot;},{&quot;dimension&quot;:&quot;Rectangle&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_0,w_2965,h_1672/v1/yms/prod/aa1220a3-6fba-489b-a75a-884decc27604&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:2965,&quot;height&quot;:1672,&quot;aspectRatio&quot;:&quot;ratio16x9&quot;}]},&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/news-article/elucidating-host-microbe-interactions-to-address-vector-borne-diseases/&quot;,&quot;isFeatured&quot;:false,&quot;source&quot;:null}],&quot;pageNumber&quot;:1,&quot;pageSize&quot;:8,&quot;totalItemCount&quot;:2556},&quot;structuredData&quot;:null}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;Banner&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:11,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Yale Research&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Through bold thinking, rigorous scholarship, and cross-cutting collaborations, Yale research pushes the boundaries of knowledge to benefit people and our planet.&quot;,&quot;quote&quot;:null,&quot;textColor&quot;:&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;,&quot;backgroundImage&quot;:null,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#444C57&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://research.yale.edu/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research at Yale&quot;},&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;Find out more about Yale Research&quot;},&quot;sizeMode&quot;:&quot;xs&quot;,&quot;hasParallax&quot;:false,&quot;subTitle&quot;:null,&quot;metaData&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;description&quot;:null,&quot;imageMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;videoMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;audioMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;author&quot;:null,&quot;pageType&quot;:null,&quot;publishDate&quot;:null,&quot;canonicalUrl&quot;:null,&quot;isNoIndex&quot;:false}}},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;Banner&quot;,&quot;orderOnPage&quot;:12,&quot;model&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;University-wide Science Strategic Plan&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Yale&#x2019;s strategy to accelerate science and engineering is targeted and specific, focusing on five multidisciplinary areas and several cross-cutting initiatives: Data Science and Computer Science, Inflammation Science, Neuroscience, Planetary Solutions, and Quantum Science and Engineering.&quot;,&quot;quote&quot;:null,&quot;textColor&quot;:&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;,&quot;backgroundImage&quot;:null,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#444C57&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://president.yale.edu/university-initiatives/science-and-engineering&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;University Science Plan&quot;},&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;Find out more about University-wide Science Strategic Plan&quot;},&quot;sizeMode&quot;:&quot;xs&quot;,&quot;hasParallax&quot;:false,&quot;subTitle&quot;:null,&quot;metaData&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;description&quot;:null,&quot;imageMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;videoMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;audioMetaData&quot;:null,&quot;author&quot;:null,&quot;pageType&quot;:null,&quot;publishDate&quot;:null,&quot;canonicalUrl&quot;:null,&quot;isNoIndex&quot;:false}}}],&quot;sidebarComponents&quot;:[],&quot;contextNavigation&quot;:{&quot;siteTitle&quot;:&quot;Yale School of Medicine&quot;,&quot;isTopLevelPage&quot;:false,&quot;navigationItems&quot;:[{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Home&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;subLevelIndicator&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:true},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;subLevelIndicator&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/research-by-keyword&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research by Keyword&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;pageLink&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/researchbydept&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research by Department&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;pageLink&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/facultymap&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research by Global Location&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;pageLink&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Translational Research&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;pageLink&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/services&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Research Cores &amp; Services&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;pageLink&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/investigator-resources&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Resources for Investigators&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;subLevelLink&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false},{&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;isCurrentLink&quot;:false,&quot;rootOrganizationPrefix&quot;:null,&quot;currentLinkUrl&quot;:null,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/ysm/research/strategic-planning&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Strategic Planning&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;pageLink&quot;,&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;isHomeLink&quot;:false}]}}</script> <script>window['applicationSettings'] = {"shouldShowSuppressedImageWarnings":false,"shouldShowBugReportButton":false,"shouldShowDownloadAsWordButton":false,"captchaKey":"a46dfca5-98da-4ec7-83e2-16980be648d0","facebookShareUrl":"https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=604142276782606&display=popup&href=","isSearchFeedbackEnabled":true,"isSearchAnalyticsEnabled":true,"siteimproveScriptUrl":"https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_373.js","radarKey":"prj_live_pk_e9bc38cc9ac871b02332c0d599d7a893c03ad94d","mediaStatistics":{"baseUrl":"https://media-statistics-prod.ysmdevs.com","apiKey":"249c64e3-d0cc-45ed-97a0-5d3106411485","isEnabled":true}};</script> <noscript id="modern__LOADABLE_REQUIRED_CHUNKS__">[7651,7893,6602,4413,9934,4589,26,4421,3877,3053]</noscript><noscript id="modern__LOADABLE_REQUIRED_CHUNKS___ext">{"namedChunks":["modules-page-components-ComponentWrapper","features-banner-components-HomePageBanner","features-generic-content-components-GenericContent","features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock","features-highlight-block-components-HightlighNavigationBlockList","modules-article-components-ArticleWidget","features-banner-components-Banner","modules-footer-components-Footer"]}</noscript> <script async data-chunk="main" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.es2015.e71226adbc7ac9e6afaf.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-banner-components-HomePageBanner" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7651.es2015.5a5b8af729efc0360a32.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-banner-components-HomePageBanner" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7893.es2015.73040e9920f98448a728.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/6602.es2015.bd46f226efa281df2863.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.es2015.48ab8e279823fbbbad6d.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HightlighNavigationBlockList" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/9934.es2015.cc1e92961275f46417a8.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4589.es2015.4c47bf8350b6c4f009a0.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/26.es2015.b2de1005e8262d6faf9e.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="modules-article-components-ArticleWidget" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4421.es2015.3fc9209123e173440a5c.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.es2015.8e4163ac605092764245.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.es2015.404cba0e717f410cb74c.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/eqf4dwf.css" as="style" crossorigin> <!--<![endif]--> <script async type="text/plain" data-cookiecategory="analytics" src="https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_373.js"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10