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class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penguinclassics.com">www<wbr />.penguinclassics<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Penguin Classics</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">imprint</a> of <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> under which classic works of literature are published in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> among other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literary critics see books in this series as important members of the <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a>, though many titles are translated or of non-Western origin; indeed, the series for decades since its creation included only translations, until it eventually incorporated the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_English_Library" title="Penguin English Library">Penguin English Library</a> imprint in 1986. The first Penguin Classic was <a href="/wiki/E._V._Rieu" title="E. V. Rieu">E. V. Rieu</a>'s translation of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="The Odyssey">The Odyssey</a></i>, published in 1946, and Rieu went on to become general editor of the series. Rieu sought out literary novelists such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Sayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Sayers">Dorothy Sayers</a> as translators, believing they would avoid "the archaic flavour and the foreign idiom that renders many existing translations repellent to modern taste".<sup id="cite_ref-Cowley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penguin_Little_Black_Classics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Penguin_Little_Black_Classics.jpg/250px-Penguin_Little_Black_Classics.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Penguin_Little_Black_Classics.jpg/375px-Penguin_Little_Black_Classics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Penguin_Little_Black_Classics.jpg/500px-Penguin_Little_Black_Classics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4678" data-file-height="3119" /></a><figcaption>Celebrating their 80th anniversary in 2015, Penguin released 80 Little Black Classics</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1964 <a href="/wiki/Betty_Radice" title="Betty Radice">Betty Radice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baldick" title="Robert Baldick">Robert Baldick</a> succeeded Rieu as joint editors, with Radice becoming sole editor in 1974 and serving as an editor for 21 years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As editor, Radice argued for the place of scholarship in popular editions, and modified the earlier Penguin convention of the plain text, adding line references, bibliographies, maps, explanatory notes and indexes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She broadened the canon of the 'Classics', and encouraged and diversified their readership while upholding academic standards.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> paid particular attention to the design of its books, recruiting German typographer <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tschichold" title="Jan Tschichold">Jan Tschichold</a> in 1947. The early <a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">minimalist</a> designs were modernised by Italian art director <a href="/wiki/Germano_Facetti" title="Germano Facetti">Germano Facetti</a>, who joined Penguin in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-Cowley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new classics were known as "Black Classics" for their black covers, which also featured artwork appropriate to the topic and period of the work. This design was revised in 1985 to have pale yellow covers with a black spine, colour-coded with a small mark to indicate language and period (red for English, purple for ancient Latin and Greek, yellow for medieval and continental European languages, and green for other languages). </p><p>In 2002, Penguin redesigned its entire catalogue. The redesign restored the black cover, adding a white stripe and orange lettering. The text page design was also overhauled to follow a more closely prescribed template, allowing for faster copyediting and typesetting, but reducing the options for individual design variations suggested by a text's structure or historical context (for example, in the choice of text <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typeface</a>). Prior to 2002, the text page typography of each book in the Classics series had been overseen by a team of in-house designers; this department was drastically reduced in 2003 as part of the production cost reductions. The in-house text design department still exists, albeit much smaller than formerly. Recent design work includes the Penguin Little Black Classic series, which was released in 2015. </p><p>Penguin Classics collaborated with Bill Amberg in 2008 in the design of six books (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Room_with_a_View" title="A Room with a View">A Room with a View</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_at_Tiffany%27s_(novella)" title="Breakfast at Tiffany's (novella)">Breakfast at Tiffany's</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep" title="The Big Sleep">The Big Sleep</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby">The Great Gatsby</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited" title="Brideshead Revisited">Brideshead Revisited</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray" title="The Picture of Dorian Gray">The Picture of Dorian Gray</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Series">Series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the broader category of Classics, Penguin has issued specialized series with their own designs. These include: </p> <ul><li><b>Penguin Nature Classics</b>, issued from 1987 onwards, with authors such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthiessen" title="Peter Matthiessen">Peter Matthiessen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Hunter_Austin" title="Mary Hunter Austin">Mary Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Muir" title="John Muir">John Muir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Penguin Modern Classics</b>, issued from 1961 onwards, with authors such as <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a>. Some titles come with critical apparatus. The series has gone through a number of redesigns, the most recent being in June 2017: see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2017/05/penguin-modern-classics-design-part-1">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2017/05/penguin-modern-classics-design-part-2">here</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2017/06/penguin-modern-classics-design-part-3">here</a>. <ul><li>The series was renamed <b>Penguin 20th Century Classics</b> in May 1989, but reverted to its old name in February 2000. 20th Century Classics feature full-page front cover art, with a light blue-green/eau de nil rear cover and spine.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Penguin Enriched Classics</b>, issued,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn" title="Adventures of Huckleberry Finn">Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities" title="A Tale of Two Cities">A Tale of Two Cities</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Popular_Classics" title="Penguin Popular Classics">Penguin Popular Classics</a></b>, issued in 1994, are paperback editions of texts under the Classics imprints. They were a response to <a href="/wiki/Wordsworth_Editions" title="Wordsworth Editions">Wordsworth Classics</a>, a series of very cheap reprints which imitated Penguin in using black as its signature color.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition</b>, issued from 1997 onward, are paperback editions of texts with matte paper covers, French flaps, deckled page edges and cover art often illustrated by renowned comic artists.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#60th_Anniversary">Penguin Designer Classics</a></b>, issued in 2007, is a set of five limited-edition books, with covers created by fashion designers to commemorate the series' 60th Anniversary</li> <li><b>Penguin Mini Modern Classics</b>, issued in 2011, is an assortment of fifty pocket-sized books from fifty different authors such as <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italo_Calvino" title="Italo Calvino">Italo Calvino</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zweig" title="Stefan Zweig">Stefan Zweig</a>. It has been released to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Penguin Modern Classics. It is currently out of print.</li> <li><b>Penguin Little Black Classics</b>, issued in 2015 a series of pocket-sized classics introduced to celebrate the 80th anniversary of Penguin Books.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Penguins" title="Pocket Penguins">Pocket Penguins</a></b>, issued in 2016. The series echoes the style of the original <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, with smaller <a href="/wiki/A-format" class="mw-redirect" title="A-format">A-format</a> size, and tri-band design. <ul><li>The first 20 books were released in May 2016, and described by publishing director <a href="/wiki/Simon_Winder" title="Simon Winder">Simon Winder</a> as "a mix of the famous and the unjustly overlooked".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Penguin Clothbound Classics</b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Penguin Crime & Espionage</b>, issued in 2023. An initial series of 10 paperback books</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Penguin_Classics" title="List of Penguin Classics">List of Penguin Classics</a></div> <p>No definitive bibliography of Penguin Classics has yet been published, although several partial bibliographies have been issued. The earliest come from the Penguin Catalogues, published annually covering in-print editions. The 1963 catalogue, for example, lists 97 titles, although by then the series overall had produced 118 volumes. In the 1980s Penguin (UK) began publishing discrete catalogues of its Classics and Twentieth Century Classics series, listing all the titles then available in the UK (with prices in sterling). </p><p>The Penguin Collectors' Society have published two bibliographies of the early, pre-<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> (referred to as 'L') editions: firstly in 1994, with an update in 2008. </p><p>Also in 2008, Penguin Books USA published a complete annotated listing of all Penguin Classics titles in a single <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a> volume in the style of its Penguin Classics books. The list organises the collection multiple times: alphabetically by author, subject categories, authors by region, and a complete alphabetic title index. This compiled listing indicates there are over 1,300 titles, and more to be published. The final print version of this listing was issued in 2012, however a copy of the 2016 listing remains available on the Penguin website.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 Penguin published <i>The Penguin Classics Book</i>, a celebratory survey of the volumes currently in print, listing works by author location and chronologically from antiquity to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. It includes an appendix with a selection of out-of-print titles. </p><p>In 2005, an incomplete collection of books in the series was sold on <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> as "The Penguin Classics Library Complete Collection".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the collection consisted of 1,082 different books (in multiple editions) and cost US$7,989.50. The collection weighed about 750 pounds (340 kg) and took about 77 linear feet (23.5 m) of shelf space; laid end-to-end the books would reach about 630 feet (192 m). </p><p>A feature of the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Biggest_Bookstore" title="World's Biggest Bookstore">World's Biggest Bookstore</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, from its inception in the 1970s, and for years thereafter, was that it stocked all of the Penguin Classics titles. The upper section of the second floor of the store was dedicated to Penguin exclusively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="60th_Anniversary">60th Anniversary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 60th Anniversary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, Penguin Classics released a set of five books limited to 1,000 copies each, known as the <b>Designer Classics</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each book was specially designed to celebrate Penguin Classics' Diamond Anniversary: </p> <ul><li>The cover for <i><a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Punishment" title="Crime and Punishment">Crime and Punishment</a></i> was created by graphic designers Stephen Sorrell and Damon Murray of Fuel,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who used Cyrillic and English type. Stephen explains: "This visual device echoes the mind games in the head of Raskolnikov as he battles with his voice of conscience. We want the design to form the shape and feel of the book as a whole not just its cover." They have screen printed the cover on the same brown craft paper used for the text. The book has a Perspex slipcase.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Idiot_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Idiot (novel)">The Idiot</a></i> was designed by industrial designer <a href="/wiki/Ron_Arad_(industrial_designer)" title="Ron Arad (industrial designer)">Ron Arad</a> and has no cover, so the reader will pick it up and read the author's first words. It is stripped back to show the glue and thread in the spine, which is visible through an acrylic slipcase (with a lid) with a <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a>, so the text appears to move as the lid is removed. Arad explains: "By not wanting to have a cover, it ended with the book becoming an amazing object that is alive, but which maintains its transparency. It became a glorious box with a book inside—almost like a monument."</li> <li>The cover for <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Chatterley%27s_Lover" title="Lady Chatterley's Lover">Lady Chatterley's Lover</a></i> was created by fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)" title="Paul Smith (fashion designer)">Paul Smith</a>.</li> <li>The cover for <i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Bovary" title="Madame Bovary">Madame Bovary</a></i> was designed by fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Manolo_Blahnik" title="Manolo Blahnik">Manolo Blahnik</a>. The jacket features Blahnik's original painting of Emma with her lover, and the book is protected by a Perspex slipcase. He said: "I wanted to come up with something light, sensual... something frivolous, because this is a novel about the dangers of frivolity. And I wanted something sexy too, cheeky. I usually focus on one part of the foot—the shoe. For this project, I had to consider a whole scene, there had to be a context, which is new for me. But I managed to sneak in a pair of shoes anyway. She wore good shoes."</li> <li>The cover for <i><a href="/wiki/Tender_Is_the_Night" title="Tender Is the Night">Tender Is the Night</a></i> was designed by English filmmaker, photographer, and visual artist <a href="/wiki/Sam_Taylor-Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Taylor-Wood">Sam Taylor-Wood</a>, who used an ethereal black-and-white photograph printed onto tracing paper. An elegant, barefoot young man stands with his hands in his pocket, perfectly summing up the elegance and fragility of Nicole and Dick Diver's world. The book is wrapped in a cloth hardcover and has a Perspex slipcase.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_public_eye">In the public eye</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In the public eye"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, Penguin Classics published <a href="/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey">Morrissey</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_(Morrissey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiography (Morrissey)">Autobiography</a></i>. Concerns arose about the imprint's publishing a book too recently published to be an acknowledged classic, that such a book diluted the brand. Penguin argued that the autobiography was "a classic in the making".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Boyd_Tonkin" title="Boyd Tonkin">Boyd Tonkin</a> wrote: "The droning narcissism of the [book] may harm [Morrissey's] name a little. It ruins that of his publisher... Morrissey will survive his unearned elevation. I doubt that the reputation of Penguin Classics will."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penguin Classics sold well during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">2019-2021 coronavirus pandemic</a> when citizens in many countries, forced into lockdown as a preventive measure, found solace in books.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantam_Classic_Book_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantam Classic Book Series">Bantam Classic Book Series</a>, paperback reprints of classic books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble#Publishing" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble Classics series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_book" title="Classic book">Classic book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a>, paperback (Orion in the UK and Tuttle in the USA) and hardback (Alfred A. Knopf in the US and Random House in the UK) and reprints of classic literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, a non-profit publisher of classic American literature issued in hardback</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Radical_Thinkers_releases" title="List of Radical Thinkers releases">List of Radical Thinkers releases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a>, competitor to Penguin Classics focusing on reprints of classic and dramatic literature, aimed at students and the general public, in contrast to Penguin's general readership</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_English_Library" title="Penguin English Library">Penguin English Library</a>, the imprint under which English classics were published from 1963 until the series was merged with Classics in 1987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signet_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Signet Classics">Signet Classics</a>, budget paperback reprints of classics and scholarly works</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordsworth_Editions" title="Wordsworth Editions">Wordsworth's Classics</a>, budget paperback reprints of classics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.penguingroup.com/static/pages/aboutus/index.html">"Overview"</a>. <i>Penguin.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penguin.com&rft.atitle=Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.us.penguingroup.com%2Fstatic%2Fpages%2Faboutus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenguin+Classics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cowley-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cowley_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cowley_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowleyWilliamson2007" class="citation book cs1">Cowley, Des; Williamson, Clare (2007). <i>The World of the Book</i>. 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Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin. p. 29. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-009226-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-009226-9">0-14-009226-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fowler, R (2016) 'Betty Radice and the survival of classics' in Wyles, R. and E. Hall (eds) Women Classical Scholars: Unsealing the Fountain from the Renaissance to Jacqueline de Romilly, Oxford. p.347-349</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fowler, R (2016) 'Betty Radice and the survival of classics' in Wyles, R. and E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Five+leading+designers+explain+how+they+re-covered+their+favourite+Penguins&rft.date=2006-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2006%2Foct%2F28%2Fart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenguin+Classics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawsthorn2006" class="citation news cs1">Rawsthorn, Alice (28 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/28/art1">"How Penguin Classics books became design icons"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Penguin+Classics+books+became+design+icons&rft.date=2006-10-28&rft.aulast=Rawsthorn&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2006%2Foct%2F28%2Fart1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenguin+Classics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fuel-design.com/about/">"About"</a>. <i>Fuel Design & Publishing</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Design+%26+Publishing&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffuel-design.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenguin+Classics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/shortcuts/2013/oct/13/penguin-classics-morrissey-autobiography">"Penguin Classics: why are they publishing Morrissey's autobiography?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. 13 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Penguin+Classics%3A+why+are+they+publishing+Morrissey%27s+autobiography%3F&rft.date=2013-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Fshortcuts%2F2013%2Foct%2F13%2Fpenguin-classics-morrissey-autobiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenguin+Classics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/book-review-autobiography-by-morrissey--droning-narcissism-and-the-whine-of-selfpity-8887301.html">"Autobiography by Morrissey – Droning narcissism and the whine of self-pity"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. 17 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/book-review-autobiography-by-morrissey--droning-narcissism-and-the-whine-of-selfpity-8887301.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Autobiography+by+Morrissey+%E2%80%93+Droning+narcissism+and+the+whine+of+self-pity&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbooks%2Freviews%2Fbook-review-autobiography-by-morrissey--droning-narcissism-and-the-whine-of-selfpity-8887301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenguin+Classics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2020" class="citation news cs1">Ferguson, Donna (26 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/25/tolstoy-steinbeck-defoe-why-are-so-many-turning-to-classic-novels?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other">"Tolstoy, Steinbeck, Defoe – why are so many turning to classic novels?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tolstoy%2C+Steinbeck%2C+Defoe+%E2%80%93+why+are+so+many+turning+to+classic+novels%3F&rft.date=2020-04-26&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2020%2Fapr%2F25%2Ftolstoy-steinbeck-defoe-why-are-so-many-turning-to-classic-novels%3FCMP%3DShare_iOSApp_Other&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenguin+Classics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Classics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="105'5 Spreeradio (page does not exist)">105'5 Spreeradio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_21_(Germany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio 21 (Germany) (page does not exist)">Radio 21</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref10_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref10-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Regenbogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Regenbogen (page does not exist)">Radio Regenbogen</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref11_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref11-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BigFM" title="BigFM">BigFM</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref12a_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref12a-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitradio_RTL_Sachsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitradio RTL Sachsen (page does not exist)">Hitradio RTL Sachsen</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref12b_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref12b-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Brocken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Brocken (page does not exist)">Radio Brocken</a> (50%)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/89.0_RTL" title="89.0 RTL">89.0 RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antenne_Th%C3%BCringen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antenne Thüringen (page does not exist)">Antenne Thüringen</a> (15%)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Ton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Ton (page does not exist)">Radio Ton</a> (2%)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_Antenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock Antenne (page does not exist)">Rock Antenne</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sachsen_Funkpaket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sachsen Funkpaket (page does not exist)">Sachsen Funkpaket</a> (31.9%) <dl><dd>Radio Dresden</dd> <dd>Radio Leipzig</dd> <dd>Radio Chemnitz</dd> <dd>Radio Lausitz</dd> <dd>Radio Zwickau</dd> <dd>Radio Erzgebirge</dd> <dd>Vogtland Radio</dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldie_95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldie 95 (page does not exist)">Oldie 95</a> (4.78%)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Top_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Top 40 (page does not exist)">Radio Top 40</a> (15%)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="RTL_Publishing" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gruner_%2B_Jahr" title="Gruner + Jahr">RTL Publishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_(magazine)" title="Brigitte (magazine)">Brigitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(German_magazine)" title="Capital (German magazine)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEO_(magazine)" title="GEO (magazine)">GEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stern_(magazine)" title="Stern (magazine)">Stern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RTL_Nederland" title="RTL Nederland">RTL Nederland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_4" title="RTL 4">RTL 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_5" title="RTL 5">RTL 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_7" title="RTL 7">RTL 7</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_8" title="RTL 8">RTL 8</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Z" title="RTL Z">RTL Z</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Crime_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="RTL Crime (Dutch TV channel)">RTL Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Lounge" title="RTL Lounge">RTL Lounge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Telekids" title="RTL Telekids">RTL Telekids</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Video on Demand</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Videoland_(Netherlands)" title="Videoland (Netherlands)">Videoland</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_M6" title="Groupe M6">Groupe M6</a> <small>(48.6%)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dd><a href="/wiki/M6_(TV_channel)" title="M6 (TV channel)">M6</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/W9_(TV_channel)" title="W9 (TV channel)">W9</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/6ter" title="6ter">6ter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Paris Première">Paris Première</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9va" title="Téva">Téva</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Série Club">Série Club</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref5_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M6_Music" title="M6 Music">M6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gulli" title="Gulli">Gulli</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiji">Tiji</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canal_J" title="Canal J">Canal J</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MCM_(TV_channel)" title="MCM (TV channel)">MCM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MCM_Top" title="MCM Top">MCM Top</a></dd> <dd>RFM TV</dd> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Radio" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_(French_radio)" title="RTL (French radio)">RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL2_(France)" title="RTL2 (France)">RTL2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fun_Radio_(France)" title="Fun Radio (France)">Fun Radio</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup and Video on Demand</dt> <dd><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M6%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:M6+">M6+</a></dd></dl> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="International" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Gulli Girl</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiji">Tiji</a> (Russia)</dd> <dd>Gulli Africa</dd> <dd>Gulli Bil Arabi</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MCM_Pop" title="MCM Pop">MCM Pop</a></dd> <dd>M6 International</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RTL Luxembourg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_(Luxembourgian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="RTL (Luxembourgian TV channel)">RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_Zwee" title="RTL Zwee">RTL Zwee</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Radio" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>RTL Radio</dd> <dd>RTL Today Radio</dd> <dd>RTL LX</dd> <dd>RTL Gold</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup</dt> <dd>RTL Play</dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RTL Magyarország</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_(Hungarian_TV_channel)" title="RTL (Hungarian TV channel)">RTL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RTL_II_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="RTL II (Hungary)">RTL II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cool_TV" title="Cool TV">Cool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Film%2B" title="Film+">Film+</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Gold (page does not exist)">RTL Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_H%C3%A1rom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Három (page does not exist)">RTL Három</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorozat%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorozat+ (page does not exist)">Sorozat+</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzsika_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzsika TV (page does not exist)">Muzsika TV</a></dd> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup and Video on Demand</dt> <dd>RTL+</dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atresmedia" title="Atresmedia">Atresmedia</a> <small>(18.65%)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antena 3 (Spain)">Antena 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LaSexta" title="LaSexta">laSexta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neox_(TV_channel)" title="Neox (TV channel)">Neox</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Spain_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (Spain TV channel)">Nova</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mega_(Spanish_television_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega (Spanish television channel)">Mega</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atreseries" title="Atreseries">Atreseries</a></dd> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Radio" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Onda_Cero" title="Onda Cero">Onda Cero</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Europa_FM_(Spain)" title="Europa FM (Spain)">Europa FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodia_FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melodia FM (page does not exist)">Melodia FM</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <dl><dt>Catchup</dt> <dd>Atresplayer</dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fremantle_(company)" title="Fremantle (company)">Fremantle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dt>United Kingdom</dt> <dd>Dancing Ledge</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euston_Films" title="Euston Films">Euston Films</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euston_Films#Euston_North/Castlefield" title="Euston Films">Castlefield</a></dd> <dd>Hare and Tortoise</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thames_(production_company)" title="Thames (production company)">Thames</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talkback_(production_company)" title="Talkback (production company)">Talkback</a></dd> <dd>Naked</dd> <dd>Full Fat TV</dd> <dd>Label 1</dd> <dd>Man Alive</dd> <dd>Wild Blue Media</dd> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Element_Pictures" title="Element Pictures">Element Pictures</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>France</dt> <dd>Kwai</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Germany</dt> <dd>Grundy UFA</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/UFA_GmbH" title="UFA GmbH">UFA GmbH</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Universum_Film_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Universum Film AG">UFA Fiction</a></dd> <dd>UFA Show & Factual</dd> <dd>Teamworx</dd> <dd>Phoenix Film</dd> <dd>We Are Era</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Finland</dt> <dd>Grillifilms</dd> <dd>Moskito Television</dd> <dd>Production House Finland</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Sweden</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Strix_(TV_production_company)" title="Strix (TV production company)">Strix</a></dd> <dd>Baluba</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Italy</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lux_Vide" title="Lux Vide">Lux Vide</a></dd> <dd>The Apartment Pictures</dd> <dd>Wildside</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Denmark</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Miso_Film" title="Miso Film">Miso Film</a></dd> <dd>Blu Productions</dd> <dd>Strong Productions</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Norway</dt> <dd>One Big Happy Family</dd> <dd>Rakett TV</dd> <dd>Monster</dd> <dd>Playroom</dd> <dd>Novemberfilm</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Strix_(TV_production_company)" title="Strix (TV production company)">Strix</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Australia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Australia" title="Fremantle Australia">Fremantle Australia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Productions" title="Eureka Productions">Eureka Productions</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>United States</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Original_Productions" title="Original Productions">Original Productions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Studio" title="Random House Studio">Random House Studio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Productions" title="Eureka Productions">Eureka USA</a></dd> <dd>The Immigrant</dd> <dd>Fabel</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Netherlands</dt> <dd>Blue Circle</dd> <dd>Fiction Valley</dd> <dd>No Pictures Please</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Israel</dt> <dd>Abot Hameiri</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; background:#ABCDEF;text-align:left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ref1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Leonine_Holding" title="Leonine Holding">Leonine Holding</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Burda_Media" title="Hubert Burda Media">Hubert Burda Media</a>.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ref3_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref3_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Amperwelle Studio München Programmanbietergesellschaft, <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Axel Springer AG">Axel Springer AG</a>, Burda, Studio Gong, m.b.t. Mediengesellschaft der bayerischen Tageszeitungen für Kabelkommunikation, Medienpool and Radio Bavaria Rundfunkprogrammgesellschaft.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref13-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref13_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Verlagsgesellschaft Madsack, Studio Gong Niedersachsen and Brune-Rieck-Beteiligungs.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref4-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref4_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Axel Springer, Heinrich Bauer Verlag, Lühmanndruck Harburger Zeitungsgesellschaft and Morgenpost Verlag.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref9-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref9_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Pressefunk Nordrhein-Westfalen and <a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">Westdeutscher Rundfunk</a>.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref10-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref10_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Ffn_(radio_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ffn (radio channel)">Funk & Fernsehen Nordwestdeutschland</a>, Antenne Niedersachen and Niedersachsen Radio.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref11-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref11_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Mediengruppe Dr. Haas.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref12a-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref12a_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Rheinland-Pfälzische Rundfunk.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref12b-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref12b_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with Broadcast Sachsen.<br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref5-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref5_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">joint venture with <a href="/wiki/TF1_Group" title="TF1 Group">TF1 Group</a>.<br /></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin<br />Random House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">USA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Knopf Doubleday</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Knopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schocken_Books" title="Schocken Books">Schocken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom!_Studios" title="Boom! Studios">Boom! Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Publishing" title="Dell Publishing">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Rey_Books" title="Del Rey Books">Del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dial_Press" title="Dial Press">Dial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantam_Spectra" title="Bantam Spectra">Spectra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard_(imprint)" title="Villard (imprint)">Villard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Books" title="Broadway Books">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Books" title="Harmony Books">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodale,_Inc." title="Rodale, Inc.">Rodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Press" title="Three Rivers Press">Three Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Speed_Press" title="Ten Speed Press">Ten Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson-Guptill" title="Watson-Guptill">Watson-Guptill</a></li></ul></li> <li>Children's <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beginner_Books" title="Beginner Books">Beginner Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Publishing" title="Western Publishing">Golden</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin</a> Adult</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Publishing" title="Avery Publishing">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Penguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutton Penguin">Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead_Books" title="Riverhead Books">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_(publisher)" title="Sentinel (publisher)">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TarcherPerigee" title="TarcherPerigee">TarcherPerigee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berkley Publishing Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Books" title="Ace Books">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Books" title="Berkley Books">Berkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Library" title="New American Library">New American Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jove_Books" title="Jove Books">Jove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_(publisher)" title="Plume (publisher)">Plume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roc_Books" title="Roc Books">Roc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin</a> Young Readers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dial_Press" title="Dial Press">Dial Young Readers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Children%27s_Books" title="Dutton Children's Books">Dutton Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebird_Books" title="Firebird Books">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosset_%26_Dunlap" title="Grosset & Dunlap">Grosset & Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomel_Books" title="Philomel Books">Philomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Stern_Sloan" title="Price Stern Sloan">Price Stern Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Books" title="Puffin Books">Puffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Warne & Co">Warne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_on_Tape_(company)" title="Books on Tape (company)">Books on Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Language" title="Living Language">Living Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playaway" title="Playaway">Playaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasquatch_Books" title="Sasquatch Books">Sasquatch Books</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ebury_Publishing" title="Ebury Publishing">Ebury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Books" title="BBC Books">BBC Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebury_Publishing" title="Ebury Publishing">Ebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Rey_Books" title="Del Rey Books">Del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider_(imprint)" title="Rider (imprint)">Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a> (90%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Allen_%26_Co." title="W. H. Allen & Co.">W. H. Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Penguin General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hamilton" title="Hamish Hamilton">Hamish Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking</a></li> <li>Penguin Press <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Books" title="Pelican Books">Pelican</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penguin Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li>PRH Children <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladybird_Books" title="Ladybird Books">Ladybird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Books" title="Puffin Books">Puffin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cornerstone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchinson (publisher)">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">William Heinemann</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transworld_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Transworld Publishers">Transworld</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantam_Press" title="Bantam Press">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a></li></ul></li> <li>Associated publishers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andersen_Press" title="Andersen Press">Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vintage Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bodley_Head" title="The Bodley Head">The Bodley Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvill_Secker" title="Harvill Secker">Harvill Secker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Cape" title="Jonathan Cape">Jonathan Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubleday_Canada" title="Doubleday Canada">Doubleday Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McClelland_%26_Stewart" title="McClelland & Stewart">McClelland & Stewart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gibson" title="Douglas Gibson">Douglas Gibson Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra_Books" title="Tundra Books">Tundra Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Canadian_Library" title="New Canadian Library">New Canadian Library</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanvalet" title="Blanvalet">Blanvalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cbj_(publisher)" title="Cbj (publisher)">cbj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldmann_(publisher)" title="Goldmann (publisher)">Goldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyne_Verlag" title="Heyne Verlag">Heyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchterhand_Literaturverlag" title="Luchterhand Literaturverlag">Luchterhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manesse_Verlag" title="Manesse Verlag">Manesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestel_Publishing" title="Prestel Publishing">Prestel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfaguara" title="Alfaguara">Alfaguara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_Bruguera" class="mw-redirect" title="Editorial Bruguera">Bruguera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ediciones_B" title="Ediciones B">Ediciones B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Santillana" title="Grupo Santillana">Santillana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companhia_das_Letras" title="Companhia das Letras">Companhia das Letras</a> (70%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Books" title="Alpha Books">Alpha</a></li></ul></li> <li>PRH Publisher Services</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliant_International_University" title="Alliant International University">Alliant International University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvato" title="Arvato">Arvato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Brockhaus_AG" title="F. A. Brockhaus AG">Brockhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvato_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Arvato Entertainment">Arvato Entertainment</a> (Sonopress)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> (25%)</li> <li>Relias Learning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manager_Magazin" title="Manager Magazin">Manager Magazin</a> (24.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4chsische_Zeitung" title="Sächsische Zeitung">Sächsische Zeitung</a> (60%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bertelsmann" title="Category:Bertelsmann">Category</a></li></ul> <div class="reflist"> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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