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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Candidates_and_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nominee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nominee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Withdrew_during_the_primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrew_during_the_primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Withdrew during the primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrew_during_the_primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declined_to_run" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declined_to_run"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Declined to run</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-Superdelegates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superdelegates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Superdelegates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superdelegates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delegate_selection_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delegate_selection_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Delegate selection rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delegate_selection_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opinion polling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_campaigning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_campaigning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early campaigning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_campaigning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-January_2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>January 2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disputed_primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disputed_primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Disputed primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disputed_primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Super_Tuesday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Super_Tuesday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Super Tuesday</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Super_Tuesday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-February_contests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-February_contests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Mid-February contests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-February_contests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_and_beyond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_and_beyond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>April and beyond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_and_beyond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voter_turnout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_turnout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voter turnout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_turnout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primaires_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_du_Parti_d%C3%A9mocrate_am%C3%A9ricain_de_2008" title="Primaires présidentielles du Parti démocrate américain de 2008 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Primaires présidentielles du Parti démocrate américain de 2008" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilihan_pendahuluan_presiden_Partai_Demokrat_(Amerika_Serikat)_2008" title="Pemilihan pendahuluan presiden Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat) 2008 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemilihan pendahuluan presiden Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat) 2008" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_primarie_del_Partito_Democratico_del_2008_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Elezioni primarie del Partito Democratico del 2008 (Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni primarie del Partito Democratico del 2008 (Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%88%E5%82%99%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="2008年アメリカ合衆国大統領民主党予備選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2008年アメリカ合衆国大統領民主党予備選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawybory_prezydenckie_Partii_Demokratycznej_w_2008_roku" title="Prawybory prezydenckie Partii Demokratycznej w 2008 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawybory prezydenckie Partii Demokratycznej w 2008 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(2008)" title="Праймериз Демократической партии США (2008) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Праймериз Демократической партии США (2008)" 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class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2004</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>January 3 to June 3, 2008</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2012</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />4,233 delegates to the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a><br />2,117 (majority) votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #800080"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_Senate_portrait_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Barack_Obama_Senate_portrait_crop.jpg/126px-Barack_Obama_Senate_portrait_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Barack_Obama_Senate_portrait_crop.jpg/189px-Barack_Obama_Senate_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Barack_Obama_Senate_portrait_crop.jpg/253px-Barack_Obama_Senate_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #D4AA00"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/132px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/198px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/263px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Candidate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Delegate count </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>2,272.5</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1,978 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Contests won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>33</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">23 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>17,535,458</b><sup id="cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclearpolitics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popularvote_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popularvote-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">17,493,836<sup id="cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclearpolitics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popularvote_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popularvote-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>48.1%</b><sup id="cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclearpolitics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">48.0%<sup id="cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclearpolitics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="switcher-container"><div> <figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Democratic_presidential_primary%2C_2008.svg/350px-Democratic_presidential_primary%2C_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Democratic_presidential_primary%2C_2008.svg/525px-Democratic_presidential_primary%2C_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Democratic_presidential_primary%2C_2008.svg/700px-Democratic_presidential_primary%2C_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="627" usemap="#ImageMap_ee0613b7c9dbd870" resource="/wiki/File:Democratic_presidential_primary,_2008.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_ee0613b7c9dbd870"><area 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coords="43,161,40,163,41,163,39,165,37,165,36,166,35,169,32,169,32,171,33,172,34,173,35,174,36,175,38,175,38,175,38,177,37,176,36,176,37,177,38,178,37,178,36,178,35,177,34,176,33,177,32,177,32,178,32,178,31,178,29,179,31,180,31,181,31,182,31,183,33,183,34,183,36,183,36,183,38,182,38,183,38,183,38,185,38,187,37,187,36,187,35,188,33,187,33,188,32,189,32,189,32,190,31,191,30,193,31,194,32,194,31,195,31,195,31,195,32,195,31,196,32,197,33,198,34,198,36,197,36,200,36,200,36,201,36,202,36,202,37,202,37,202,38,201,39,201,40,201,41,203,41,202,42,201,43,202,44,201,44,203,43,205,42,207,42,208,41,208,41,208,39,209,38,211,38,212,38,211,36,211,35,212,34,213,33,214,33,214,33,214,31,214,31,215,30,215,30,216,32,215,34,215,33,214,34,214,35,213,35,214,36,214,37,212,37,213,39,212,40,211,40,211,40,212,40,211,41,211,42,211,43,210,42,210,43,209,43,209,44,208,45,207,46,206,45,207,46,206,47,205,47,205,48,204,48,204,49,203,49,202,50,202,49,201,50,199,51,198,51,197,52,194,53,193,55,193,55,193,55,194,55,194,54,194,53,194,53,195,53,197,53,198,54,198,53,199,53,200,54,200,55,199,56,198,56,197,58,197,59,196,58,196,58,195,58,195,58,194,58,194,58,193,58,194,59,193,59,193,60,193,60,193,60,193,60,193,61,193,60,194,61,194,60,195,62,194,63,195,62,194,63,194,65,195,67,194,69,194,69,195,71,193,72,194,71,195,73,195,75,196,75,196,75,196,77,197,77,197,78,197,78,195,77,195,78,195,79,196,79,196,80,196,80,196,79,195,78,193,81,196,81,196,82,196,83,196,84,198,85,198,85,198,86,199,87,200,86,201,88,201,88,200,88,202,89,202,88,201,89,201,89,202,89,202,89,203,89,202,90,202,89,200,91,202,91,202,91,203,92,203,92,201,91,200,91,199,90,199,88,199,87,199,87,198,87,198,86,198,86,198,86,198,83,195,83,195,83,195,82,194,80,193,80,193,79,193,79,192,78,192,77,192,77,193,77,194,76,195,75,196,75,194,73,194,72,193,72,192,71,192,70,193,70,193,69,193,69,192,67,188,64,177,62,169,61,165,60,164,59,164,57,163,56,164,55,164,53,164,51,163,49,164,48,164,48,164,47,163,48,163,46,163,45,163,45,163,45,162,44,163,44,162,43,161" alt="2008 Alaska Democratic caucuses" title="2008 Alaska Democratic caucuses" /><area href="/wiki/2008_Hawaii_Democratic_caucuses" shape="poly" coords="97,186,97,208,112,222,154,222,154,208,132,186" alt="2008 Hawaii Democratic caucuses" title="2008 Hawaii Democratic caucuses" /><area href="/wiki/2008_Puerto_Rico_Democratic_presidential_primary" shape="rect" coords="218,191,236,208" alt="2008 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary" title="2008 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary" /><area href="/wiki/2008_U.S._Virgin_Islands_Democratic_presidential_convention" shape="rect" coords="236,191,261,208" alt="2008 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential convention" title="2008 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential convention" /><area href="/wiki/2008_Guam_Democratic_territorial_convention" shape="rect" coords="218,208,236,221" alt="2008 Guam Democratic territorial convention" title="2008 Guam Democratic territorial convention" /><area href="/wiki/2008_American_Samoa_Democratic_caucuses" shape="rect" coords="236,208,261,221" alt="2008 American Samoa Democratic caucuses" title="2008 American Samoa Democratic caucuses" /><area href="/wiki/2008_Democrats_Abroad_primary" shape="rect" coords="307,199,350,222" alt="2008 Democrats Abroad primary" title="2008 Democrats Abroad primary" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">First place by first-instance vote</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HillaryObamaPrimaries2008PopularVote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HillaryObamaPrimaries2008PopularVote.svg/350px-HillaryObamaPrimaries2008PopularVote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HillaryObamaPrimaries2008PopularVote.svg/525px-HillaryObamaPrimaries2008PopularVote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HillaryObamaPrimaries2008PopularVote.svg/700px-HillaryObamaPrimaries2008PopularVote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Popular vote margins</span></div></div><div><b>First place by first-instance vote</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1;background-color:#800080; color:white;"> </span> Barack Obama (33) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1;background-color:#D4AA00; color:black;"> </span> Hillary Clinton (23) </div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Popular vote margins</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Clinton</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fbdc8b; color:black;"> </span> 0–10%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffd367; color:black;"> </span> 10–20%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f7ae44; color:black;"> </span> 20–30%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b47d2a; color:black;"> </span> 30–85%</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Obama</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#be96ca; color:black;"> </span> 0–10%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b662ca; color:black;"> </span> 10–20%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#853197; color:white;"> </span> 20–30%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#580065; color:white;"> </span> 30–85%</div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> (popular vote winners and delegate winners differ in five contests: <a href="/wiki/2008_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary">NH</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Nevada_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses">NV</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">MO</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Texas_Democratic_presidential_primary_and_caucuses" title="2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses">TX</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Guam_Democratic_territorial_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Guam Democratic territorial convention">GU</a>) <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>Previous Democratic nominee</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a><br /> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Democratic nominee</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-below{background:#002C77;font-size:95%;border:1px solid #d69d36;color:#fff}.mw-parser-output .us-pres-elect-series .sidebar-below a{color:#fff}.mw-parser-output .us-pres-elect-series .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-pres-elect-series{width:23.5em}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks us-pres-elect-series hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">Statewide polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading us-pres-elect-series-party-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">National polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Statewide polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">Nominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading us-pres-elect-series-party-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">National polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Statewide polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">Nominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading us-pres-elect-series-party-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Minor parties</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Green Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Green_National_Convention" title="2008 Green National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election">All candidates</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_elections" title="2008 United States elections">Related races</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2008 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2008 United States gubernatorial elections">Governors</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">Republican</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_(cropped)_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29_4.jpg/75px-President_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29_4.jpg/113px-President_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29_4.jpg/150px-President_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="2062" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Barack Obama</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></li> <li>Publications <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Summer playlist</a></li> <li>Non-profit organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Foundation" title="Obama Foundation">Obama Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Illinois State Senator and U.S. Senator from Illinois</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois State Senate tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">2004 DNC keynote address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate tenure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004 election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bills_sponsored_by_Barack_Obama_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of bills sponsored by Barack Obama in the United States Senate">sponsored bills</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">44th President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Tenure</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">Recovery Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">Russia nuclear treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis" title="2011 United States debt-ceiling crisis">2011 debt-ceiling crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">Libya intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis" title="2013 United States debt-ceiling crisis">2013 debt-ceiling crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">Anti-ISIL campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctions against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Policies</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_Barack_Obama" title="Arctic policy of Barack Obama">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="South Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Native American policy of the Barack Obama administration">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Appointments</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Presidential campaigns</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_coalition" title="Obama coalition">Obama coalition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama's signature"><img alt="Barack Obama's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Barack_Obama_signature.svg/150px-Barack_Obama_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Barack_Obama_signature.svg/225px-Barack_Obama_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Barack_Obama_signature.svg/300px-Barack_Obama_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama_series" title="Template:Barack Obama series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama_series" title="Template talk:Barack Obama series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/75px-Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/113px-Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/150px-Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">This article is part of a series about</span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Hillary Clinton</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Electoral history of Hillary Clinton">Electoral history</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">First Lady of the United States</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_first_lady_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as first lady of the United States">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">Health care plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Health_Insurance_Program" title="Children's Health Insurance Program">Children's Health Insurance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Safe_Families_Act" title="Adoption and Safe Families Act">Adoption and Safe Families Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Care_Independence_Act" title="Foster Care Independence Act">Foster Care Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Voices" title="Vital Voices">Vital Voices</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vast_right-wing_conspiracy" title="Vast right-wing conspiracy">Vast right-wing conspiracy</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_America%27s_Treasures" title="Save America's Treasures">Save America's Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Millennium_Council" title="White House Millennium Council">White House Millennium Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillaryland" title="Hillaryland">Hillaryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_travel_office_controversy" title="White House travel office controversy">White House travel office controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_FBI_files_controversy" title="White House FBI files controversy">White House FBI files controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_cattle_futures_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy">Cattle futures controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_First_Lady_of_the_United_States#Response_to_Lewinsky_scandal" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as First Lady of the United States">Response to Lewinsky scandal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">U.S. Senator from New York</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="US Senate career of Hillary Clinton">Tenure</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">2000 election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2006 United States Senate election in New York">2006 re-election</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">U.S. Secretary of State</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Hillary_Clinton_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State">Foreign trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Barack Obama">Obama's foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrennial_Diplomacy_and_Development_Review" title="Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review">QDDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Email controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Doctrine" title="Hillary Doctrine">Hillary Doctrine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">2008 presidential campaign</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">2016 presidential campaign</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">Election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">Vice Presidential Selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">Political endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">Non-political endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">Celebrities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_screen_and_stage_performer_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements">Screen and stage performers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Organizations</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation%E2%80%93State_Department_controversy" title="Clinton Foundation–State Department controversy">State Department controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onward_Together" title="Onward Together">Onward Together</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Hillary_Clinton" title="List of awards and honors received by Hillary Clinton">Honors and awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Hillary Clinton">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Legal career of Hillary Clinton">Legal career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_career_in_corporate_governance" title="Hillary Clinton's career in corporate governance">Career in corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenures_as_First_Lady_of_Arkansas" title="Hillary Clinton's tenures as First Lady of Arkansas">Tenures as First Lady of Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activities_of_Hillary_Clinton_subsequent_to_2016" title="Activities of Hillary Clinton subsequent to 2016">Activities after 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Public image of Hillary Clinton">Public image</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg/145px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg/218px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg/290px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="890" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hillary_Clinton_series" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="1988" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Joe Biden</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden"><i>SNL</i> parodies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">U.S. Senator from Delaware</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Judiciary Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination">Bork hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Thomas hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">1994 Crime Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Foreign Relations Committee">Foreign Relations Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">47th Vice President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama#Biden_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">first inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">second inauguration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009#Oversight_and_administration" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">Great Recession response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Tax_Relief_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Tax Relief Act">2010 Tax Relief Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_Control_Act_of_2011#Legislative_history" title="Budget Control Act of 2011">2011 debt-ceiling crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Taxpayer_Relief_Act_of_2012#Legislative_history" title="American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012">fiscal cliff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li>Task forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Violence_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Violence Task Force">Gun Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Vice presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">46th President of the United States<br /><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#71531C">Incumbent</span></b></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">inquiry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Tenure</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of executive actions by Joe Biden">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of proclamations by Joe Biden">proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2021)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)">'21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">'22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">'23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2024%E2%80%9325)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024–25)">'24–'25</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">Geneva summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Classified documents incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis" title="2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis">2023 debt-ceiling crisis</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Policies</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">WH Response Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">IIJA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">IRA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral/ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Economic_Framework" title="Indo-Pacific Economic Framework">IPEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">War in Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#Biden_administration" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">marriage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of political appointments by Joe Biden">Appointments</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Federal judges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Executive_Office_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Executive Office appointments by Joe Biden">Executive Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Joe Biden">U.S. attorneys</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden presidential campaign">Presidential campaigns</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">sexual assault allegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP selection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates#June_27:_First_presidential_debate_(CNN,_Atlanta)" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden's signature"><img alt="Joe Biden's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg/150px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg/225px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg/300px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1982" data-file-height="1397" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joe_Biden_series" title="Template:Joe Biden series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joe_Biden_series" title="Template talk:Joe Biden series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joe_Biden_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joe Biden series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From January 3 to June 3, 2008, voters of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> chose their nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> was selected as the nominee, becoming the <a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American firsts">first African American</a> to secure the presidential nomination of any major political party in the United States. However, due to a close race between Obama and Senator <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, the contest remained competitive for longer than expected; neither candidate received enough pledged delegates from state primaries and caucuses to achieve a majority, without endorsements from unpledged delegates (<a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">superdelegates</a>). </p><p>The presidential primaries actually consisted of both <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucuses</a>, depending upon what the individual <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> chose. The goal of the process was to elect the majority of the 4,233 <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(American_politics)" title="Delegate (American politics)">delegates</a> to the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a>, which was held from Monday, August 25, through Thursday, August 28, 2008, in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. To secure the nomination, a candidate needed to receive at least 2,117 votes at the convention—or a simple majority of the 4,233 delegate votes. This total included half-votes from <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a>, as well as '<a href="/wiki/Superdelegates" class="mw-redirect" title="Superdelegates">superdelegates</a>'—party leaders and elected officials who were not chosen through a primary or caucus. The race was further complicated by a controversy over the scheduling of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> state primaries, which had been scheduled earlier than party rules permitted, affecting the number of delegates that those states sent to the national convention. </p><p>The popular vote tally from most news organizations did not include the states of Iowa, Maine, Nevada and Washington, as these states did not release the results of the popular vote from their caucuses. The media reports did include Florida, which neither Clinton nor Obama contested, as well as Michigan. Both states were penalized by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> (DNC) for violating party rules. Michigan proved a source of controversy due to the change in the date of the primary election. Consequently, Obama and other candidates removed their names from the ballot yet Clinton did not. The DNC did not count the popular vote from Michigan, and evenly split the state's delegates between Clinton and Obama. As a result, without the Michigan vote, Obama won the popular vote; whereas with the votes from Michigan, Clinton won the popular vote.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, regardless of how votes were counted, the candidates' totals were within less than one percent of each other.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obama received enough superdelegate endorsements on June 3 to claim that he had secured the simple majority of delegates necessary to win the nomination, before Clinton conceded the nomination four days later.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obama was nominated on the first ballot, at the August convention. He went on to win the general election, and became the 44th president of the United States on January 20, 2009. Clinton went on to serve as Obama's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> for his first term as president, and the Democratic nominee for president in 2016, losing to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>. </p><p>These primaries included the nominees for the next three elections- Obama again in <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>, Clinton in <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>, and Biden in <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates_and_results">Candidates and results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Candidates and results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential candidates">2008 Democratic Party presidential candidates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <p><br /> <b>Notes for the following table:</b> </p> <ul><li>Delegate counts: <ul><li>The pledged delegate estimates come from the sum of the <i>Current estimate</i> columns for the states listed in the <i><a href="#Chronicle">Chronicle</a></i> section later in this article</li> <li>The source for <a href="#Superdelegates">superdelegate</a> estimates is the 2008 Democratic Convention Watch blog. Superdelegate endorsements were frozen on June 7, the date of Clinton's concession speech.<sup id="cite_ref-DemConWatch_Tally_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DemConWatch_Tally-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Ordering: <ul><li>The candidates are ordered by pledged delegate count and then alphabetically by last name</li> <li>To re-sort this table, click on the double-arrow symbol (<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sort_both.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Sort_both.gif" decoding="async" width="21" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="9" /></a></span>) at the top of a column</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nominee">Nominee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nominee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="margin-left:0.5em; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th class="unsortable">Most recent office held<br />at the end of the primaries </th> <th>Home State </th> <th>Pledged delegate<br />vote estimate<sup id="cite_ref-pledgedsumsource_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pledgedsumsource-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Superdelegate<br />vote estimate<sup id="cite_ref-DemConWatch_Tally_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DemConWatch_Tally-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Total delegate<br />vote estimate </th> <th>Campaign status </th> <th>Running mate </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f2e6ff;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_portrait_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barack Obama"><img alt="Barack Obama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Obama_portrait_crop.jpg/130px-Obama_portrait_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Obama_portrait_crop.jpg/195px-Obama_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Obama_portrait_crop.jpg/260px-Obama_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="2074" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Obama, Barack</span><big><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></big></b> </td> <td style="background:#800080;"> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from<br /><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></b><br />(2005–2008) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_Illinois.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_map_of_Illinois.svg/62px-Flag_map_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_map_of_Illinois.svg/92px-Flag_map_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_map_of_Illinois.svg/123px-Flag_map_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="687" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td><b>1,794½</b><br /><small>51%</small> </td> <td><b>478</b><br /><small>66%</small> </td> <td><b>2,272½</b><br /><small>53%</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_primary_campaign_logo_2008.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/Barack_Obama_primary_campaign_logo_2008.svg/140px-Barack_Obama_primary_campaign_logo_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/Barack_Obama_primary_campaign_logo_2008.svg/210px-Barack_Obama_primary_campaign_logo_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/Barack_Obama_primary_campaign_logo_2008.svg/280px-Barack_Obama_primary_campaign_logo_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="293" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><b>Secured nomination:<br /> June 3, 2008</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrew_during_the_primaries">Withdrew during the primaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Withdrew during the primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="margin-left:0.5em; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th class="unsortable">Most recent office held<br />at the end of the primaries </th> <th>Home State </th> <th>Pledged delegate<br />vote estimate<sup id="cite_ref-pledgedsumsource_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pledgedsumsource-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Superdelegate<br />vote estimate<sup id="cite_ref-DemConWatch_Tally_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DemConWatch_Tally-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Total delegate<br />vote estimate </th> <th>Campaign status </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hillary Clinton"><img alt="Hillary Clinton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped.jpg/111px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped.jpg/167px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped.jpg/223px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="842" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Clinton, Hillary</span><big><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></big></b> </td> <td style="background:#D4AA00;"> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></b><br />(2001–2009) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag-map_of_New_York.svg/100px-Flag-map_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag-map_of_New_York.svg/150px-Flag-map_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag-map_of_New_York.svg/200px-Flag-map_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="880" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td>1,731½<br /><small>49%</small> </td> <td>246½<br /><small>34%</small> </td> <td>1,978<br /><small>46%</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign_logo,_2008.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_2008.svg/138px-Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_2008.svg/207px-Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_2008.svg/276px-Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="388" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Obama, later became Secretary of State)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Edwards,_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Edwards"><img alt="John Edwards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg/117px-John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg/176px-John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg/234px-John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1445" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Edwards, John</span><big><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a></big></b> </td> <td style="background:#ff7f2a;"> </td> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></b> <br />(1999–2005) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_North_Carolina.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag-map_of_North_Carolina.svg/100px-Flag-map_of_North_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag-map_of_North_Carolina.svg/150px-Flag-map_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag-map_of_North_Carolina.svg/200px-Flag-map_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="310" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td>14½<br /><small><1%</small> </td> <td>0<br /><small> </small> </td> <td>14½<br /><small>1%</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Edwards_Campaign_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_Edwards_Campaign_Logo.svg/140px-John_Edwards_Campaign_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_Edwards_Campaign_Logo.svg/210px-John_Edwards_Campaign_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_Edwards_Campaign_Logo.svg/280px-John_Edwards_Campaign_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="145" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> January 30, 2008</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Obama)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden,_official_photo_portrait_2-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joe Biden"><img alt="Joe Biden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait_2-cropped.jpg/106px-Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait_2-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait_2-cropped.jpg/159px-Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait_2-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait_2-cropped.jpg/211px-Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait_2-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1693" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Biden, Joe</span><big><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></big></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></b><br />(1973–2009) </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Delaware.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag-map_of_Delaware.svg/42px-Flag-map_of_Delaware.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag-map_of_Delaware.svg/63px-Flag-map_of_Delaware.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag-map_of_Delaware.svg/84px-Flag-map_of_Delaware.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="1793" /></a></span> <p><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> </p> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_Presidential_Campaign_Logo_08.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Campaign_Logo_08.svg/140px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Campaign_Logo_08.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Campaign_Logo_08.svg/210px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Campaign_Logo_08.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Campaign_Logo_08.svg/280px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Campaign_Logo_08.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="101" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> January 3, 2008</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Obama, who later <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">chose</a> Biden as his <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice presidential</a> running mate)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Richardson_at_an_event_in_Kensington,_New_Hampshire,_March_18,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bill Richardson"><img alt="Bill Richardson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bill_Richardson_at_an_event_in_Kensington%2C_New_Hampshire%2C_March_18%2C_2006.jpg/107px-Bill_Richardson_at_an_event_in_Kensington%2C_New_Hampshire%2C_March_18%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bill_Richardson_at_an_event_in_Kensington%2C_New_Hampshire%2C_March_18%2C_2006.jpg/161px-Bill_Richardson_at_an_event_in_Kensington%2C_New_Hampshire%2C_March_18%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bill_Richardson_at_an_event_in_Kensington%2C_New_Hampshire%2C_March_18%2C_2006.jpg/214px-Bill_Richardson_at_an_event_in_Kensington%2C_New_Hampshire%2C_March_18%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="683" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Richardson, Bill</span><big><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a></big></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Mexico" title="Governor of New Mexico">Governor of New Mexico</a></b><br />(2003–2011) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_New_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag-map_of_New_Mexico.svg/90px-Flag-map_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag-map_of_New_Mexico.svg/135px-Flag-map_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag-map_of_New_Mexico.svg/180px-Flag-map_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1115" /></a></span> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </p> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Richardson_2008_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bill_Richardson_2008_campaign_logo.svg/140px-Bill_Richardson_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bill_Richardson_2008_campaign_logo.svg/210px-Bill_Richardson_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bill_Richardson_2008_campaign_logo.svg/280px-Bill_Richardson_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="616" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Richardson 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> January 10, 2008</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Obama)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SenatorBayh_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evan Bayh"><img alt="Evan Bayh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SenatorBayh_%281%29.jpg/112px-SenatorBayh_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SenatorBayh_%281%29.jpg/169px-SenatorBayh_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SenatorBayh_%281%29.jpg/225px-SenatorBayh_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1661" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Bayh, Evan</span><big><a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a></big> </b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Indiana_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana (state)">Indiana</a></b><br />(1999–2011) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_Indiana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_map_of_Indiana.svg/65px-Flag_map_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_map_of_Indiana.svg/98px-Flag_map_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_map_of_Indiana.svg/130px-Flag_map_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1502" /></a></span> <p><a href="/wiki/Indiana_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana (state)">Indiana</a> </p> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EvanBayh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/EvanBayh.jpg/140px-EvanBayh.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/EvanBayh.jpg/210px-EvanBayh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/EvanBayh.jpg/280px-EvanBayh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> December 16, 2006</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Clinton, then Obama)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Dodd_official_portrait_2-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chris Dodd"><img alt="Chris Dodd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Christopher_Dodd_official_portrait_2-cropped.jpg/111px-Christopher_Dodd_official_portrait_2-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Christopher_Dodd_official_portrait_2-cropped.jpg/166px-Christopher_Dodd_official_portrait_2-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Christopher_Dodd_official_portrait_2-cropped.jpg/222px-Christopher_Dodd_official_portrait_2-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="736" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Dodd, Christopher</span><big><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Chris Dodd</a></big></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></b><br />(1981–2011) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Connecticut.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag-map_of_Connecticut.svg/100px-Flag-map_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag-map_of_Connecticut.svg/150px-Flag-map_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag-map_of_Connecticut.svg/200px-Flag-map_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="283" /></a></span> <p><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </p> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_Dodd_2008_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chris_Dodd_2008_campaign_logo.svg/140px-Chris_Dodd_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chris_Dodd_2008_campaign_logo.svg/210px-Chris_Dodd_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chris_Dodd_2008_campaign_logo.svg/280px-Chris_Dodd_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="412" /></a></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Dodd 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> January 3, 2008</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Obama)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Gravel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mike Gravel"><img alt="Mike Gravel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mike_Gravel.jpg/126px-Mike_Gravel.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mike_Gravel.jpg/189px-Mike_Gravel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mike_Gravel.jpg/252px-Mike_Gravel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="715" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Gravel, Mike</span><big><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a></big></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></b><br />(1969–1981) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_map_of_Alaska.svg/100px-Flag_map_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_map_of_Alaska.svg/150px-Flag_map_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_map_of_Alaska.svg/200px-Flag_map_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4372" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> <p><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </p> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Gravel_2008_campaign_bumper_sticker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mike_Gravel_2008_campaign_bumper_sticker.svg/140px-Mike_Gravel_2008_campaign_bumper_sticker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mike_Gravel_2008_campaign_bumper_sticker.svg/210px-Mike_Gravel_2008_campaign_bumper_sticker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mike_Gravel_2008_campaign_bumper_sticker.svg/280px-Mike_Gravel_2008_campaign_bumper_sticker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> March 26, 2008</small><br /><small>(Endorsed <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Johnson_(West_Virginia_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Johnson (West Virginia politician)">Jesse Johnson</a> for <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> nomination)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis_Kucinich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dennis Kucinich"><img alt="Dennis Kucinich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dennis_Kucinich.jpg/122px-Dennis_Kucinich.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dennis_Kucinich.jpg/183px-Dennis_Kucinich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dennis_Kucinich.jpg/244px-Dennis_Kucinich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Kucinich, Dennis</span><big><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a></big></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a><br /> for <a href="/wiki/Ohio%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 10th congressional district">Ohio's 10th</a></b><br />(1997–2013) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_Map_of_Ohio.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_Map_of_Ohio.svg/92px-Flag_Map_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_Map_of_Ohio.svg/138px-Flag_Map_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_Map_of_Ohio.svg/184px-Flag_Map_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> <p><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </p> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis_Kucinich_for_President_2008.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dennis_Kucinich_for_President_2008.svg/140px-Dennis_Kucinich_for_President_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dennis_Kucinich_for_President_2008.svg/210px-Dennis_Kucinich_for_President_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dennis_Kucinich_for_President_2008.svg/280px-Dennis_Kucinich_for_President_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="356" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Dennis Kucinich 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> January 23, 2008</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Obama)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Announcement_on_International_Commitment_to_Fight_Global_Hunger_and_Poverty,_4-22-10_(4545432701)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tom Vilsack"><img alt="Tom Vilsack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Announcement_on_International_Commitment_to_Fight_Global_Hunger_and_Poverty%2C_4-22-10_%284545432701%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/118px-Announcement_on_International_Commitment_to_Fight_Global_Hunger_and_Poverty%2C_4-22-10_%284545432701%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Announcement_on_International_Commitment_to_Fight_Global_Hunger_and_Poverty%2C_4-22-10_%284545432701%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/177px-Announcement_on_International_Commitment_to_Fight_Global_Hunger_and_Poverty%2C_4-22-10_%284545432701%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Announcement_on_International_Commitment_to_Fight_Global_Hunger_and_Poverty%2C_4-22-10_%284545432701%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/237px-Announcement_on_International_Commitment_to_Fight_Global_Hunger_and_Poverty%2C_4-22-10_%284545432701%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="1829" /></a></span><br /><b><span style="display:none">Vilsack, Tom</span><big><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a></big> </b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Iowa">Governor of Iowa</a></b> <p>(1999–2007) </p> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Iowa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag-map_of_Iowa.svg/100px-Flag-map_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag-map_of_Iowa.svg/150px-Flag-map_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag-map_of_Iowa.svg/200px-Flag-map_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="451" /></a></span> <p><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> </p> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Vilsack_2008_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tom_Vilsack_2008_campaign_logo.svg/135px-Tom_Vilsack_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tom_Vilsack_2008_campaign_logo.svg/203px-Tom_Vilsack_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tom_Vilsack_2008_campaign_logo.svg/270px-Tom_Vilsack_2008_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="459" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Vilsack 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign</a>)</small><br /><small><b>Withdrew:</b> February 23, 2007</small><br /><small>(Endorsed Clinton)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declined_to_run">Declined to run</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Declined to run"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clark" title="Wesley Clark">Wesley Clark</a>, former commander of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and presidential candidate in 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Tom Daschle</a>, former U.S. senator of <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a>, former governor of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> and chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Feingold" title="Russ Feingold">Russ Feingold</a>, U.S. senator of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, former Vice President of the United States and the Democratic presidential nominee in 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, U.S. senator of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> and the Democratic presidential nominee in 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a>, civil rights activist and candidate for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> in 1992 and 1994.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a>, former governor of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Delegate_system">Delegate system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Delegate system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Delegates are the people who decided the nomination at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>. Delegates from fifty <a href="/wiki/US_states" class="mw-redirect" title="US states">US states</a>, the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> had a single vote each, while delegates from <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a>, as well as the states of <a href="/wiki/2008_Florida_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Florida Democratic presidential primary">Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Michigan_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Michigan Democratic presidential primary">Michigan</a>, which contravened the schedule, had half a vote each. Thus, the total number of delegates was slightly higher than the total number of available delegate votes (4,049).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is now updated to 4,233 with FL-MI delegations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pledged_delegates">Pledged delegates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pledged delegates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the modern <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">presidential primary system</a>, candidates for the nomination campaign in a series of primary elections and caucus events. For the Democratic Party, the results from these primaries and caucuses determine the number of <i>pledged delegates</i> committed to vote for each candidate at the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>, intended to reflect the will of the voters. These delegates are not legally bound to vote for the candidate they represent, but candidates may remove delegates whom they feel may be disloyal, and delegates generally vote as pledged.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the party's <i>Delegate Selection Rules for the 2008 Democratic National Convention</i>, delegates were allocated to each of the fifty U.S. states according to two main criteria: the proportion of votes each state had given to the Democratic candidate in the previous three presidential elections, and the percentage of votes each state had in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">United States Electoral College</a>. In addition, fixed numbers of delegates were allocated to the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and <a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dem_rules_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dem_rules-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, a total of 3,253 pledged delegate votes would be awarded through the primaries and caucuses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superdelegates">Superdelegates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Superdelegates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a> votes are given equal weight to the votes of pledged delegates. Superdelegates are members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>, state and territorial <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current United States Governors">governors</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>, distinguished party leaders, and add-on delegates selected by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)#State_and_territorial_parties" title="Democratic Party (United States)">state parties</a>. They represented almost 20 percent of the total 4,233 delegates. </p><p>The number and composition of superdelegates had the potential to change right up to the start of the Democratic National Convention. The total number of superdelegate votes at the start of the primary season in October 2007 stood at 850. Various events such as deaths, elections, and disqualifications may alter the final number of superdelegates voting in the primary. </p><p>While officially uncommitted until the convention, the superdelegates may publicly endorse or commit to a candidate at any time. The presidential candidates compete heavily for these commitments. News organizations survey the superdelegates periodically throughout the election season and try to calculate how many have committed to each of the candidates. The media often include these superdelegate estimates in their reporting on the race, leading to differing delegate counts from various news sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delegate_selection_rules">Delegate selection rules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Delegate selection rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:43rd_Legislative_District_Democratic_Caucus_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/43rd_Legislative_District_Democratic_Caucus_1.jpg/220px-43rd_Legislative_District_Democratic_Caucus_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/43rd_Legislative_District_Democratic_Caucus_1.jpg/330px-43rd_Legislative_District_Democratic_Caucus_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/43rd_Legislative_District_Democratic_Caucus_1.jpg/440px-43rd_Legislative_District_Democratic_Caucus_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Washington Democrats meet in the legislative district caucuses.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the Democratic Party's <i>Delegate Selection Rules for the 2008 Democratic National Convention</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dem_rules_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dem_rules-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> delegates are awarded by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, with a minimum 15 percent threshold required to receive delegates. Each state party is required to publish its own state level delegate selection plan, indicating how the state will select delegates at the congressional and statewide level, how the delegation will implement the party's <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> policy, and how the delegation will ensure an equal balance between women and men. Those plans were adopted at state conventions and forwarded to the national party in mid-2007. </p><p>In most state caucuses, the viability threshold must be met at each level in the process, from the precinct level upwards. This puts enormous pressure on the remaining candidates to gain the support of voters whose chosen candidates fall below the 15 percent mark.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focus on viability is designed to weed out small, divisive factions from gaining delegates to disrupt the national convention. However, this can result in candidates gaining viability in some precincts but not in others, and a complicated "caucus math" is required to allocate delegates to the county and state conventions for each precinct.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the primaries, the viability threshold is set based on statewide and congressional district votes. At-large and PLEO (Party Leaders and Elected Officials) delegates are allocated based on statewide votes, while district-level delegates are allocated by district votes.<sup id="cite_ref-Dem_rules_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dem_rules-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polling">Opinion polling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opinion polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_Democratic_Party_2008_presidential_candidates" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2008 presidential candidates">Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2008 presidential candidates</a></div><p><br /> </p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_Democratic_primaries_polling.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2008_Democratic_primaries_polling.png/900px-2008_Democratic_primaries_polling.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2008_Democratic_primaries_polling.png/1350px-2008_Democratic_primaries_polling.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/2008_Democratic_primaries_polling.png 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic presidential primary (moving average is calculated from the last ten polls)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#800080 solid 5px;"> </span> Obama</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#D4AA00 solid 5px;"> </span> Clinton</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#ff7f2a solid 5px;"> </span> Edwards</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#00FF00 solid 5px;"> </span> Richardson</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#224192 solid 5px;"> </span> Biden</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#FF97FF solid 5px;"> </span> Kucinich</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#C00000 solid 5px;"> </span> Dodd</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#EDD81E solid 5px;"> </span> Gravel</div></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums</a></div> <p><b>Notes for the tables in this section:</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Votes to the Convention</i> column: <ul><li>The source for delegation sizes is the Democratic National Committee's official <i>Call for the 2008 Democratic National Convention</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dem_call_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dem_call-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specific sources are present for Florida and Michigan. Very recent changes not already in the official source are indicated by the footnotes.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Pledged Delegate Votes Estimate</i> column: <ul><li>The source is each state's primary or caucus article. Click on the <i>Specific Election (link)</i> column to see the sources used in those articles.</li> <li>The candidate with the highest pledged delegate vote is highlighted. In some cases, this may be different from the winner of the popular vote.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_campaigning">Early campaigning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Early campaigning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mgravelgrandpa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mgravelgrandpa.jpg/220px-Mgravelgrandpa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mgravelgrandpa.jpg/330px-Mgravelgrandpa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mgravelgrandpa.jpg/440px-Mgravelgrandpa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Mike Gravel at the launch of his presidential campaign in April 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest significant candidate to launch their candidacy was <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> in April 2006. However, for the most part, the race for the 2008 presidential nomination did not truly begin in earnest until after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_general_elections,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="United States general elections, 2006">2006 midterm elections</a>. Between November 2006 and February 2007, nine major candidates opened their campaigns: <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign">Evan Bayh</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">Joe Biden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Dodd 2008 presidential campaign">Chris Dodd</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign">John Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Dennis Kucinich 2008 presidential campaign">Dennis Kucinich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">Barack Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Richardson 2008 presidential campaign">Bill Richardson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Vilsack 2008 presidential campaign">Tom Vilsack</a>. Potential candidates <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russ_Feingold" title="Russ Feingold">Russ Feingold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Tom Daschle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clark" title="Wesley Clark">Wesley Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a> reportedly considered running but ultimately declined to seek the nomination. Bayh said he would not seek the nomination on December 16, 2006, and withdrew from the race. Soon Vilsack dropped out in February 2007. </p><p>During the first three months of 2007, Clinton and Obama raised over $20 million each, while Edwards raised more than $12 million.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three candidates quickly became the frontrunners for the nomination,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a status they held all the way through the end of 2007. </p><p>On November 21, Obama announced that <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> would be campaigning for him in the early primary states,<sup id="cite_ref-OprahNYTimes_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OprahNYTimes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> setting off speculation that, although celebrity endorsements typically have little effect on voter opinions, <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Winfrey's participation</a> would supply Obama with a large, receptive audience.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As word spread that Oprah's first appearance would be in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, polls released in early December revealed that Obama had taken the lead in that decisive state.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, on December 8, Oprah kicked off a three-state tour supporting Obama's campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she drew record-setting crowds in Iowa, New Hampshire,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and South Carolina, and was described as "more cogent, more effective, more convincing" than anyone on the campaign trail.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Oprah-Obama tour dominated political news headlines<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cast doubts over Clinton's ability to recover her recently-lost lead in Iowa caucus polls.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poll released less than two weeks after Winfrey campaigned found that Obama had achieved more popularity in Iowa than ever recorded before.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At year's end, on December 31, Clinton held a substantial lead in superdelegates, and she was leading in the national polls with 42% of likely voters, over Obama with 23%, and Edwards with 16%.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Edwards and Obama remained close in state polls for the early contests, including the Iowa caucuses, where the final polling average had Obama leading narrowly with 31%, over Clinton with 30%, Edwards with 26%, Biden with 5%, and Richardson also with 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2008">January 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following tradition, the 2008 primary calendar began with the <a href="/wiki/2008_Iowa_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2008_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary">New Hampshire primary</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2008_Nevada_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses">Nevada caucuses</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Carolina_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 South Carolina Democratic presidential primary">South Carolina primary</a> were the third and fourth contests sanctioned by the Democratic National Committee. Under the national committee's rules, no state was allowed to hold primaries or caucuses before February 5 with the exceptions of these four states.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/2008_Michigan_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Michigan Democratic presidential primary">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Florida_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Florida Democratic presidential primary">Florida</a> also held early primaries. However, as the contests were unsanctioned, the results were not recognized by the national committee until a compromise was reached four months later.<sup id="cite_ref-Coomarasamy_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coomarasamy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following table shows the pledged delegate votes awarded in the first four contests recognized by the DNC. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width:20em">Details </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="width:20em">Delegate votes to the convention </th> <th colspan="7">Pledged delegate vote count<sup id="cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcesindicated-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="width:15em">Election result </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />notes </th> <th colspan="3" style="width:15em">Final estimate </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:6em">Date </th> <th>Election link </th> <th>Pledged </th> <th>Super </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Edwards </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Edwards </th></tr> <tr> <td>January 3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Iowa_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> </td> <td>45 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><b>57</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">16 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>14 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Iowa_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iowa-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dcw-what-happens_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcw-what-happens-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">28 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary">New Hampshire primary</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>30</b> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-New_Hampshire_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Hampshire-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">13 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Nevada_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses">Nevada caucuses</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><b>34</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">13 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Nevada_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevada-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">14 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_South_Carolina_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 South Carolina Democratic presidential primary">South Carolina primary</a> </td> <td>45 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><b>54</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">25 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-South_Carolina_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-South_Carolina-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">33 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>137</b> </td> <td><b>38</b> </td> <td><b>175</b> </td> <td><b>63</b> </td> <td><b>48</b> </td> <td><b>26</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>88</b> </td> <td><b>46</b> </td> <td><b>3</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>January Election Results</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IowaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results of Iowa's caucus"><img alt="Results of Iowa's caucus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IowaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/160px-IowaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IowaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/240px-IowaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IowaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/320px-IowaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results of Iowa's caucus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008NewHamshirePrimaries.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results of New Hampshire's primary"><img alt="Results of New Hampshire's primary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2008NewHamshirePrimaries.svg/150px-2008NewHamshirePrimaries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2008NewHamshirePrimaries.svg/225px-2008NewHamshirePrimaries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2008NewHamshirePrimaries.svg/300px-2008NewHamshirePrimaries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results of New Hampshire's primary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NevadaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results of Nevada's caucus"><img alt="Results of Nevada's caucus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NevadaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/150px-NevadaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NevadaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/225px-NevadaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NevadaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/300px-NevadaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results of Nevada's caucus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthCarolinaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results of South Carolina's primary"><img alt="Results of South Carolina's primary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SouthCarolinaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/160px-SouthCarolinaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SouthCarolinaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/240px-SouthCarolinaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SouthCarolinaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg/320px-SouthCarolinaPresidentialPrimaryResults2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results of South Carolina's primary</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>Obama won the Iowa caucuses with 38% of the vote, over Edwards with 30% and Clinton with 29%. His victory brought him to national prominence as many voters tuned into the race for the first time. In a speech given that evening, he defined the word "change" as the primary theme of his campaign and said, "On this January night, at this defining moment in history, you have done what the cynics said we couldn't do."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegate count was virtually tied, but Clinton's surprising third-place finish in the popular vote damaged her image as being the "inevitable" nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-politico01/03/08_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico01/03/08-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, she remained upbeat, saying "This race begins tonight and ends when Democrats throughout America have their say. Our campaign was built for a marathon."<sup id="cite_ref-politico01/03/08_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico01/03/08-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, reports described "panic" among some Clinton donors,<sup id="cite_ref-time010508_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time010508-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rumors of a staff shake-up began to circulate.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biden and Dodd both withdrew from the race. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Edwards_Dover_NH_Oct_14_2007_(photo_by_David_Victor_Feldman).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/John_Edwards_Dover_NH_Oct_14_2007_%28photo_by_David_Victor_Feldman%29.jpg/220px-John_Edwards_Dover_NH_Oct_14_2007_%28photo_by_David_Victor_Feldman%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/John_Edwards_Dover_NH_Oct_14_2007_%28photo_by_David_Victor_Feldman%29.jpg/330px-John_Edwards_Dover_NH_Oct_14_2007_%28photo_by_David_Victor_Feldman%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/John_Edwards_Dover_NH_Oct_14_2007_%28photo_by_David_Victor_Feldman%29.jpg/440px-John_Edwards_Dover_NH_Oct_14_2007_%28photo_by_David_Victor_Feldman%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2346" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>John Edwards greets a crowd in New Hampshire.</figcaption></figure> <p>After Obama's upset win in the Iowa caucuses, it appeared to many political observers that he would ride a wave of momentum through the New Hampshire primary and then go on to win the Democratic nomination. Eulogies were published on the Clinton campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Obama surged to a roughly 10-point lead in the New Hampshire polls.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the race turned quickly in the days before the primary, and the polls were slow to register a reversal toward Clinton. At the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm_College" title="Saint Anselm College">Saint Anselm College</a> New Hampshire <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a> on January 5, 2008, Edwards sided with Obama against Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one noted exchange, Edwards said that Clinton could not bring about change, while he and Obama could, saying "Any time you speak out powerfully for change, the forces for status quo attack." Clinton passionately retorted, saying, "Making change is not about what you believe; it's not about a speech you make. It's about working hard. I'm not just running on a promise for change. I'm running on 35 years of change. What we need is somebody who can deliver change. We don't need to be raising false hopes."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It came to be seen as the defining statement for her candidacy. </p><p>The morning before the primary, Clinton became "visibly emotional" in response to a friendly question from a voter.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN20080107_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN20080107-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Video of the moment was replayed on <a href="/wiki/Cable_news" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable news">cable news</a> television throughout the day, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Pundit_(expert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundit (expert)">pundit</a> commentary that ranged from sympathetic to callous in tone. Voters rallied to Clinton's defense, and she won a surprising 3% victory over Obama in the popular vote. They tied in the delegate count. Richardson withdrew from the race on January 10. Momentum shifted in Clinton's favor, and she won the popular vote in the Nevada caucuses eleven days later, despite Obama's endorsement from the influential <a href="/wiki/Culinary_Workers_Union" title="Culinary Workers Union">Culinary Workers Union</a>. However, Obama ran strongly in rural areas throughout the state, and he beat Clinton in the delegate count. Edwards' support collapsed in Nevada, as voters coalesced around the two apparent frontrunners. Dennis Kucinich withdrew from the race. In the following week, issues regarding <a href="/wiki/Race_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Race in the United States">race</a> came to the fore as campaigning began for the South Carolina primary, the first to feature a large proportion of <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> in the Democratic electorate. Behind in the state polls, Clinton left to campaign in some <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday,_2008" title="Super Tuesday, 2008">Super Tuesday</a> states,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while her husband, former president <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, stayed in South Carolina and engaged in a series of exchanges with Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> reported, "By injecting himself into the Democratic primary campaign with a series of inflammatory and negative statements, Bill Clinton may have helped his wife's presidential hopes in the long term but at the cost of his reputation with a group of voters [African Americans] that have long been one of his strongest bases of political support."<sup id="cite_ref-cbs-vv-2008-01_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-vv-2008-01-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obama won by a more than two-to-one margin over Clinton, gaining 55% of the vote to her 27% and Edwards's 18%.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn012608_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn012608-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the day of the primary, Bill Clinton compared Obama's expected win to <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>'s victory in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1988 South Carolina Democratic primary</a>. His comments were widely criticized as an apparent attempt to dismiss the primary results and marginalize Obama by implying that he was "the black candidate."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The momentum generated by Obama's larger-than-expected win in South Carolina was deflated somewhat by the win Clinton claimed in the nullified Florida primary the following week. Edwards suspended his candidacy on January 30. He did not immediately endorse either Clinton or Obama, but he said they both had pledged to carry forward his central campaign theme of ending poverty in America. Neither Clinton nor Obama had a clear advantage heading into the February 5 Super Tuesday primaries, with 23 states and territories and 1,681 delegates at stake and more media attention than any primary election day in American history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disputed_primaries">Disputed primaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Disputed primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2008_Florida_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Florida Democratic presidential primary">2008 Florida Democratic presidential primary</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Michigan_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Michigan Democratic presidential primary">2008 Michigan Democratic presidential primary</a></div> <p>In August 2006, the Democratic National Committee adopted a proposal by its Rules and Bylaws Committee stating that only the four states of Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina would be permitted to hold primaries or caucuses before February 5, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-tomasky_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomasky-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Legislature" title="Florida Legislature">Florida Legislature</a> passed a bill that moved the date of the state's primary to January 29, 2008, setting up a confrontation with the DNC.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the DNC ruled that Florida's 185 pledged delegates and 26 superdelegates would not be seated at the Democratic National Convention, or, if seated, would not be able to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2007, Democrats from Florida's <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Florida" title="United States congressional delegations from Florida">congressional delegation</a> filed a federal lawsuit against the DNC to force a recognition of its delegates, but the suit was unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-tomasky_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomasky-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presidential candidates promised not to campaign in Florida. </p><p>Meanwhile, Michigan moved its primary to January 15, 2008, also in violation of party rules. In October 2007, Obama, Richardson, Biden, and Edwards withdrew their names from the Michigan primary ballot, under pressure from the DNC and voters in Iowa and New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kucinich unsuccessfully sought to remove his name from the ballot,<sup id="cite_ref-DFP_Kucinich_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DFP_Kucinich-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas Clinton and Dodd opted to remain on the ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2007, the DNC ruled that Michigan's 128 pledged delegates and 29 superdelegates would not count in the nominating contest unless it were held on a later date.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Michigan Democratic party responded with a press release noting that the primary would proceed with Clinton, Dodd, Gravel, and Kucinich on the ballot. Supporters of Biden, Edwards, Richardson, and Obama were urged to vote "uncommitted" instead of writing in their candidates' names because write-in votes for those candidates would not be counted.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>None of the top candidates campaigned in Florida or Michigan. The events were described in the media as "beauty contests,"<sup id="cite_ref-Quandary_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quandary-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and voter turnout in both states was relatively low when compared with record-high turnout in other states.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Clinton claimed wins in Florida and Michigan, and she flew to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale</a> on the night of the Florida election to thank supporters for what she called a "tremendous victory."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the primaries continued, various groups tried to negotiate a resolution to the standoff between the DNC and the state parties. The Clinton campaign advocated first for the results to stand and then for a new round of voting to take place in Michigan and Florida, while the Obama campaign deferred the matter to the DNC, while expressing a wish that the delegations be seated in some form.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On all sides, Democrats worried that a failure to resolve the problem could lead to a rules or credential fight at the convention and low Democratic turnout in the general election in November.<sup id="cite_ref-Quandary_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quandary-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 31, 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a> Rules and Bylaws Committee<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> voted unanimously (27–0) to restore half-votes to all the Florida delegates, including superdelegates. The Michigan delegates were also given half-votes, with 69 delegates pledged to Hillary Clinton and 59 to Barack Obama; this proposed change passing by 19–8.<sup id="cite_ref-politico20080531_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico20080531-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dcw-welcome-back_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcw-welcome-back-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width:20em">Details </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="width:20em">Restored votes to the convention<sup id="cite_ref-politico20080531_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico20080531-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dcw-welcome-back_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcw-welcome-back-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="7">Pledged delegate vote count<sup id="cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcesindicated-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="width:15em">Awarded by the DNC </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />notes </th> <th colspan="3" style="width:15em">Final estimate </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:6em">Date </th> <th>Election link </th> <th>Pledged </th> <th>Super </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Edwards </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Edwards </th></tr> <tr> <td>January 15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Michigan_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Michigan Democratic presidential primary">Michigan primary</a> </td> <td>128 </td> <td>29<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>157</b> </td> <td>59 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">69 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>59 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">69 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Florida_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Florida Democratic presidential primary">Florida primary</a> </td> <td>185 </td> <td>26<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>211</b> </td> <td>67 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">105 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-dcw-what-happens_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcw-what-happens-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>67 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">105 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>313</b> </td> <td><b>55</b> </td> <td><b>368</b> </td> <td><b>126</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;"><b>174</b> </td> <td><b>13</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>126</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;"><b>174</b> </td> <td><b>13</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>To date</b> </td> <td><b>448</b> </td> <td><b>93</b> </td> <td><b>543</b> </td> <td><b>189</b> </td> <td><b>222</b> </td> <td><b>39</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>214</b> </td> <td><b>220</b> </td> <td><b>16</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Super_Tuesday">Super Tuesday</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Super Tuesday"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Tuesday (2008)">Super Tuesday (2008)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_HQ_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hillary_Clinton_HQ_2008.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_HQ_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hillary_Clinton_HQ_2008.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_HQ_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hillary_Clinton_HQ_2008.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_HQ_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Staffers make phone calls to voters from Clinton's national campaign headquarters.</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, the Tuesday on which the greatest number of states hold primary elections is known as <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>. In 2007, many states moved their primaries or caucuses to early in the year so they could have greater influence over the race. As February 5 was the earliest date to be allowed by the Democratic National Committee, 23 states and territories moved their elections to that date. 2008's Super Tuesday became the date of the nation's first quasi-national primary. It was dubbed "Super Duper Tuesday"<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Tsunami Tuesday,"<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among other names. </p><p>After Obama's win in the South Carolina primaries on January 26, he received high-profile endorsements from <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a>, daughter of former President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Caroline_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caroline-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>, the former President's brother.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ted Kennedy's endorsement was considered "the biggest Democratic endorsement [that] Obama could possibly get short of Bill Clinton or <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 31, Obama and Clinton met for the first time in a one-on-one debate, and they struck a friendly tone.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2017)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Obama surged nationally in the polls and held campaign rallies that drew audiences of over 15,000 people in several states.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 1,681 pledged delegate votes were at stake in the states that voted on February 5. The following table shows the pledged delegate votes awarded in the Super Tuesday states. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="width:20em">Details </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="width:20em">Delegate votes to the convention </th> <th colspan="5">Pledged delegate vote count<sup id="cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcesindicated-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:12em">Election result </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />notes </th> <th colspan="2" style="width:12em">Final estimate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Election link </th> <th>Pledged </th> <th>Super </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Alabama_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Alabama Democratic presidential primary">Alabama primary</a> </td> <td>52 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>60</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">27 </td> <td>25 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">27 </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Alaska_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Alaska Democratic presidential caucuses">Alaska caucuses</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><b>17</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">9 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">10 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_American_Samoa_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 American Samoa Democratic presidential caucuses">American Samoa caucuses</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td>1 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">2 </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Arizona_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Arizona Democratic presidential primary">Arizona primary</a> </td> <td>56 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><b>67</b> </td> <td>25 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">31 </td> <td> </td> <td>25 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Arkansas_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary">Arkansas primary</a> </td> <td>35 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><b>47</b> </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">27 </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 California Democratic presidential primary">California primary</a> </td> <td>370 </td> <td>71 </td> <td><b>441</b> </td> <td>166 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">204 </td> <td> </td> <td>166 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Colorado_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Colorado Democratic presidential caucuses">Colorado caucuses</a> </td> <td>55 </td> <td>15 </td> <td><b>70</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">35 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">36 </td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Connecticut_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Connecticut Democratic presidential primary">Connecticut primary</a> </td> <td>48 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><b>60</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">26 </td> <td>22 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">26 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Delaware_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Delaware Democratic presidential primary">Delaware primary</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>23</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">9 </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">9 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Georgia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Georgia Democratic presidential primary">Georgia primary</a> </td> <td>87 </td> <td>15 </td> <td><b>102</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">60 </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">60 </td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Idaho_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Idaho Democratic presidential caucuses">Idaho caucuses</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><b>23</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">15 </td> <td>3 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">15 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Illinois_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Illinois Democratic presidential primary">Illinois primary</a> </td> <td>153 </td> <td>31 </td> <td><b>184</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">104 </td> <td>49 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">104 </td> <td>49 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Kansas_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Kansas Democratic presidential caucuses">Kansas caucuses</a> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><b>41</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">23 </td> <td>9 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">23 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Massachusetts_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary">Massachusetts primary</a> </td> <td>93 </td> <td>28 </td> <td><b>121</b> </td> <td>38 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">55 </td> <td> </td> <td>38 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Minnesota_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Minnesota Democratic presidential caucuses">Minnesota caucuses</a> </td> <td>72 </td> <td>16 </td> <td><b>88</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">48 </td> <td>24 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">48 </td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">Missouri primary</a> </td> <td>72 </td> <td>16 </td> <td><b>88</b> </td> <td>36 </td> <td>36 </td> <td> </td> <td>36 </td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Jersey_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary">New Jersey primary</a> </td> <td>107 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><b>127</b> </td> <td>48 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">59 </td> <td> </td> <td>48 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Mexico_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Mexico Democratic presidential primary">New Mexico primary</a> </td> <td>26 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><b>38</b> </td> <td>12 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">14 </td> <td> </td> <td>12 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_New_York_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New York Democratic presidential primary">New York primary</a> </td> <td>232 </td> <td>49 </td> <td><b>281</b> </td> <td>93 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">139 </td> <td> </td> <td>93 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">139 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_North_Dakota_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 North Dakota Democratic presidential caucuses">North Dakota caucuses</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>21</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">8 </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">8 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Oklahoma_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Oklahoma Democratic presidential primary">Oklahoma primary</a> </td> <td>38 </td> <td>10 </td> <td><b>48</b> </td> <td>14 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">24 </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Tennessee_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Tennessee Democratic presidential primary">Tennessee primary</a> </td> <td>68 </td> <td>17 </td> <td><b>85</b> </td> <td>28 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">40 </td> <td> </td> <td>28 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Utah_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Utah Democratic presidential primary">Utah primary</a> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><b>29</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">14 </td> <td>9 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">14 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>1,681</b> </td> <td><b>390</b> </td> <td><b>2,071</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;"><b>847</b> </td> <td><b>834</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;"><b>849</b> </td> <td><b>832</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>To date</b> </td> <td><b>2,129</b> </td> <td><b>483</b> </td> <td><b>2,614</b> </td> <td><b>1,036</b> </td> <td><b>1,056</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>1,063</b> </td> <td><b>1,052</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On election night, both Obama and Clinton claimed victories. In the popular vote, Obama won 13 states and territories to Clinton's 10. This included the states of Idaho and Georgia, where Obama won by very wide margins. His wins in Connecticut and Missouri were considered upsets. However, Clinton won the large electoral prizes of California and Massachusetts, where some analysts had expected the Kennedy endorsements might carry Obama to the victory. Although Obama gained significant ground from where he was polling in mid-January, it was not enough to close the gap in those states. In exit polls, Obama gained some overwhelming support of African-American voters, and he strengthened his base among college-educated voters and voters younger than the age of 45. Clinton found significant support among white women, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latinos</a>, and voters over age 65. Obama ran strongest in caucus states, <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountain states</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern states</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern states</a>. Clinton ran strongest in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern states</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern states</a>, and states bordering <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, where she served as first lady while her husband served as that state's governor. When the delegate counting was finished, Obama won an estimated 847 pledged delegates to Clinton's 834. Early in the primary season, many observers had predicted that the nomination would be over after <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>, but the general verdict on election night was that the candidates had drawn to a virtual tie and that the race for the Democratic presidential nomination would not likely be settled for at least a month.<sup id="cite_ref-hookbarabak_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hookbarabak-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-February_contests">Mid-February contests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mid-February contests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the following week, it became clear that a tie on Super Tuesday would leave Obama better positioned for the upcoming contests in February, where the demographics of several large states seemed to favor him.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day after Super Tuesday, February 6, Clinton announced that she had personally lent her campaign $5 million in January.<sup id="cite_ref-hookbarabak_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hookbarabak-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The news came as a surprise and set off another round of news stories about Clinton donors and supporters concerned about the campaign's strategy. It was particularly striking in light of Obama's announcement that he had raised a record-high $32 million in January, tapping 170,000 new contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became clear that Obama's financial advantage had allowed him to organize and compete in some broader states on Super Tuesday, an advantage that was likely to continue in the upcoming months and weeks. In response, Clinton's supporters raised $6 million online in 36 hours, but Obama's campaign upped the ante, announcing their own total of $7.5 million in 36 hours and starting a new goal of reaching 500,000 new contributors in 2008 by late February.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width:20em">Details </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="width:20em">Delegate votes to the convention </th> <th colspan="5">Pledged delegate vote count<sup id="cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcesindicated-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:12em">Election result </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />notes </th> <th colspan="2" style="width:12em">Final estimate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Election link </th> <th>Pledged </th> <th>Super </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">February 9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Louisiana_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Louisiana Democratic presidential primary">Louisiana primary</a> </td> <td>56 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><b>67</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">33 </td> <td>23 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">33 </td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Nebraska_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Nebraska Democratic presidential caucuses">Nebraska caucuses</a> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>7 </td> <td><b>31</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">16 </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">16 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_U.S._Virgin_Islands_Democratic_presidential_convention" title="2008 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential convention">U.S. Virgin Islands convention</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">3 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Washington_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Washington Democratic presidential caucuses">Washington caucuses</a><sup id="cite_ref-WaPrimary_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPrimary-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>78 </td> <td>19 </td> <td><b>97</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">52 </td> <td>26 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">52 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Maine_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Maine Democratic presidential caucuses">Maine caucuses</a> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>32</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">15 </td> <td>9 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">15 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 5–12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Democrats_Abroad_presidential_primary" title="2008 Democrats Abroad presidential primary">Democrats Abroad primary</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><b>11</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">4½ </td> <td>2½ </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">4½ </td> <td>2½ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">February 12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_District_of_Columbia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary">D.C. primary</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>24 </td> <td><b>39</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">12 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-District_of_Columbia_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-District_of_Columbia-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">13 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Maryland_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Maryland Democratic presidential primary">Maryland primary</a> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>28<sup id="cite_ref-wynnwp_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wynnwp-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>98</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">42 </td> <td>28 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">43 </td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Virginia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Virginia Democratic presidential primary">Virginia primary</a> </td> <td>83 </td> <td>18 </td> <td><b>101</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">54 </td> <td>29 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">54 </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">February 19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Hawaii_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Hawaii Democratic presidential caucuses">Hawaii caucuses</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><b>29</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">14 </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">14 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Wisconsin_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Wisconsin Democratic presidential primary">Wisconsin primary</a> </td> <td>74 </td> <td>18 </td> <td><b>92</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">42 </td> <td>32 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">42 </td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>454</b> </td> <td><b>152</b> </td> <td><b>606</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;"><b>287½</b> </td> <td><b>166½</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;"><b>289½</b> </td> <td><b>164½</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>To date</b> </td> <td><b>2,583</b> </td> <td><b>635</b> </td> <td><b>3,220</b> </td> <td><b>1,323½</b> </td> <td><b>1,222½</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>1,352½</b> </td> <td><b>1,216½</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_2008_Seattle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Obama_2008_Seattle.jpg/220px-Obama_2008_Seattle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Obama_2008_Seattle.jpg/330px-Obama_2008_Seattle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Obama_2008_Seattle.jpg/440px-Obama_2008_Seattle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>An Obama rally in Seattle, Washington, draws 18,000 people.</figcaption></figure> <p>As expected, Obama swept the three nominating events on February 9, which were thought to favor him based on the results in similar states that had voted previously. He then scored a convincing win in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, where Clinton had hoped to hold her ground.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same day, Clinton's campaign announced that campaign advisor <a href="/wiki/Patti_Solis_Doyle" title="Patti Solis Doyle">Patti Solis Doyle</a> would resign. Obama's momentum carried throughout the following week, as he scored large delegate gains in the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_primary" title="Potomac primary">Potomac primaries</a>, taking the lead in the nationwide <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries#Popular_vote" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">popular vote</a>, even under the projection most favorable to Clinton, with Florida and Michigan included. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> declared him "Mr. Frontrunner" on February 13.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton attempted a comeback win in the demographically more favorable state of Wisconsin, but Obama won again by a larger margin than expected. In 11 days, he swept 11 contests and extended his pledged delegate lead by 120. By the end of the month, Obama had 1,192 pledged delegates to Clinton's 1,035. He also began closing the gap in superdelegates, although Clinton still led among superdelegates by 240–191. Clinton's campaign tried to downplay the results of the February contests, and the candidate refused to acknowledge the losses in her speeches on election nights.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Her advisers acknowledged that she would need big wins in the upcoming states to turn the race around. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union (speech)</a></div> <p>With four states and 370 delegates at stake, March 4 was dubbed "Mini-Super Tuesday" or "<a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday_II,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Tuesday II, 2008">Super Tuesday II</a>". Just as Obama had been favored in the mid-February states, Clinton was favored in Ohio, with its high proportion of <a href="/wiki/Working-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Working-class">working-class</a> white voters and older voters, and Texas, with its high proportion of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latino</a> voters. Exit polls in previous states showed that all three groups were a part of Clinton's base. In mid-February, Clinton held a 10-point lead in Texas and a 20-point lead in Ohio in <a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a> polling averages.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her campaign set its sights on the Ohio-Texas "firewall," counting on a clear March 4 win to change the narrative and turn her campaign around for the nomination. Meanwhile, Obama hoped to win one or both states that might be enough to knock Clinton out of the race. By February 25, according to a <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> poll, they were in a statistical dead heat in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_Lorain_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hillary_Clinton_Lorain_2008.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_Lorain_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hillary_Clinton_Lorain_2008.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_Lorain_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hillary_Clinton_Lorain_2008.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_Lorain_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2525" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Clinton campaigns in Lorain, Ohio.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the last week of February, Clinton's campaign seemed to be back on its feet. A <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> sketch mocked the media for its supposedly biased coverage in favor of Obama, and Clinton used the sketch to argue that Obama had not received proper scrutiny. The media responded by taking a more critical look at Obama's campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-tonechanges_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tonechanges-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Obama supporter and former fundraiser <a href="/wiki/Tony_Rezko" title="Tony Rezko">Tony Rezko</a> went on trial in a political corruption case in Chicago. While Obama was not implicated, questions remained about how forthcoming he had been about his relationship with Rezko.<sup id="cite_ref-tonechanges_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tonechanges-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Controversy also erupted when it was reported in the Canadian press that Obama economic advisor <a href="/wiki/Austan_Goolsbee" title="Austan Goolsbee">Austan Goolsbee</a> had privately offered assurances that Obama's anti-<a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> rhetoric on the campaign trail was exaggerated. Obama's campaign denied the substance of the report, but their response was muddled by a series of missteps and may have hurt the candidate's standing with Ohio voters.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton launched a five-point attack on Obama's qualifications, "unleashing what one Clinton aide called a 'kitchen sink' fusillade," according to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps the most damaging component was a campaign ad that aired in Texas, using the imagery of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> "red phone" to suggest that Obama would not be prepared to handle a crisis as commander-in-chief when a phone call comes into the White House at 3 a.m. The ad drew significant media attention in the four days before the election.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general-election campaign, McCain used parts of the ad against Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width:20em">Details </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="width:20em">Delegate votes to the convention </th> <th colspan="5">Pledged delegate vote count<sup id="cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcesindicated-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:12em">Election result </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />notes </th> <th colspan="2" style="width:12em">Final estimate </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:6em">Date </th> <th>Election link </th> <th>Pledged </th> <th>Super </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">March 4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Ohio_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Ohio Democratic presidential primary">Ohio primary</a> </td> <td>141 </td> <td>21 </td> <td><b>162</b> </td> <td>67 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">74 </td> <td> </td> <td>67 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">74 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Rhode_Island_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Rhode Island Democratic presidential primary">Rhode Island primary</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><b>33</b> </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">13 </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Texas_Democratic_presidential_primary_and_caucuses" title="2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses">Texas primary</a><sup id="cite_ref-txprimary_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txprimary-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>126 </td> <td rowspan="2">35 </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>228</b> </td> <td>61 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">65 </td> <td> </td> <td>61 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">65 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Texas_Democratic_presidential_primary_and_caucuses" title="2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses">Texas caucuses</a><sup id="cite_ref-txprimary_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txprimary-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>67 </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">38 </td> <td>29 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-txupdate_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-txupdate-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">38 </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Vermont_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Vermont Democratic presidential primary">Vermont primary</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>23</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">9 </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">9 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Wyoming_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Wyoming Democratic presidential caucuses">Wyoming caucuses</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><b>18</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">7 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Mississippi_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Mississippi Democratic presidential primary">Mississippi primary</a> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>41</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">20 </td> <td>13 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">20 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>415</b> </td> <td><b>90</b> </td> <td><b>505</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;"><b>210</b> </td> <td><b>205</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;"><b>210</b> </td> <td><b>205</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>To date</b> </td> <td><b>2,998</b> </td> <td><b>725</b> </td> <td><b>3,725</b> </td> <td><b>1,533½</b> </td> <td><b>1,427½</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>1,562½</b> </td> <td><b>1,421½</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On election night, Clinton scored convincing wins in Ohio and Rhode Island. She narrowly won the Texas primary, while losing the Texas caucus. She pitched her wins that night as a comeback: "For everyone here in Ohio and across America who's ever been counted out but refused to be knocked out, and for everyone who has stumbled but stood right back up, and for everyone who works hard and never gives up, this one is for you."<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obama focused on the "delegate math." He won the total delegate count in Texas, and he stayed close to Clinton on the delegate count in Ohio. "No matter what happens tonight," he said, "we have nearly the same delegate lead that we did this morning, and we are on our way to winning this nomination."<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, March 4 was the first election day in which Clinton won more delegates than Obama (though the Florida and Michigan primaries would later be honored by seating half of the states' delegations). After winning contests in Wyoming and Mississippi the following week, Obama erased Clinton's March 4 gains. On March 15, he increased his lead by 10 delegates at the Iowa county conventions, when former supporters of withdrawn candidates switched their support to him. </p><p>After the March contests, the Democratic race entered a six-week period with no upcoming contests until April 22. As the campaigns settled in for the long haul, advisors for both candidates escalated their rhetoric and stepped up attacks in their daily <a href="/wiki/Conference_call" title="Conference call">conference calls</a>. News reports described the tenor as increasingly "rancorous" and "vitriolic."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 14, clips of controversial <a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">sermons</a> from Obama's former pastor, <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright" title="Jeremiah Wright">Jeremiah Wright</a>, resurfaced on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and received heavy airtime on cable news television. Among other things, Wright said, "God damn America for treating our citizens as less than human. God damn America for as long as she acts like she is God and she is supreme." Four days later, Obama responded to the controversy in a 37-minute speech, speaking openly about race and religion in the United States. He denounced Wright's remarks while refusing to condemn the pastor himself, and he attempted to pivot from the immediate circumstances to address the larger theme of "<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>." The speech was regarded as "breathtakingly unconventional" in its political strategy and tone,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it received generally positive reviews in the press. <i>The New York Times</i> weighed in with an editorial: "Senator Barack Obama, who has not faced such tests of character this year, faced one on Tuesday. It is hard to imagine how he could have handled it better."<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten days later, the speech had been watched at least 3.4 million times on YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 21, former primary candidate Bill Richardson, who has previously held important posts in the Clinton Administration, endorsed Barack Obama, a move that drew intense criticism from Clinton allies, including <a href="/wiki/James_Carville" title="James Carville">James Carville</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Eastertime</a> comparison of Richardson with <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-judas_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judas-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 25, Mike Gravel announced that he would leave the Democrats and join the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a>, entering the race for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Libertarian_presidential_candidates,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Libertarian presidential candidates, 2008">2008 Libertarian presidential nomination</a> the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-nw033108_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nw033108-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_and_beyond">April and beyond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: April and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_in_Oregon_75,000_people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Obama_in_Oregon_75%2C000_people.jpg/200px-Obama_in_Oregon_75%2C000_people.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Obama_in_Oregon_75%2C000_people.jpg/300px-Obama_in_Oregon_75%2C000_people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Obama_in_Oregon_75%2C000_people.jpg/400px-Obama_in_Oregon_75%2C000_people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>On May 18, Obama speaks to a crowd of 75,000 in Portland, Oregon.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>As the race continued to Pennsylvania, Indiana, and North Carolina, many observers concluded that Clinton had little chance to overcome Obama's lead in pledged delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even if she were to succeed in changing the dynamics of the race, there would not be enough pledged delegates remaining for her to catch up under most realistic scenarios.<sup id="cite_ref-narrowpath_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrowpath-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some analysts believed Clinton could still win the nomination by raising doubts about Obama's electability, fighting for Michigan and Florida delegates to be seated at the convention, and convincing superdelegates to support her despite her expected loss in the pledged delegate vote.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the window of opportunity for re-votes in Michigan and Florida appeared to close in late March,<sup id="cite_ref-narrowpath_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrowpath-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>, chairwoman of the Democratic National Convention, said that it would be harmful to the party if superdelegates were to overturn the result of the pledged delegate vote.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Complicating the equation for Democrats, presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">John McCain</a> clinched the <a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican nomination</a> on March 4. With Obama and Clinton engaged in the Democratic primary, McCain was free to define his candidacy for the general election largely unchallenged. Some Democrats expressed concern that Clinton stayed in the campaign through March and April, when they felt she had little chance to win the nomination, but a much greater chance to damage Obama's candidacy in the general election. However, others defended Clinton's right to continue on, arguing that a sustained campaign was good for the Democratic Party and that Clinton still had a realistic shot at the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 22, Clinton scored a convincing win in Pennsylvania. However, on May 6, Obama surprised many observers by winning North Carolina by almost 15 percentage points, effectively erasing Clinton's gains in Pennsylvania. Clinton won by only 1 point in Indiana. With Obama now leading by 164 pledged delegates and with only 217 pledged delegates left to be decided in the remaining contests, many pundits declared that the primary was effectively over. Obama gave an election night speech that looked forward to the general election campaign against McCain.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pace of superdelegate endorsements increased. On May 10, Obama's superdelegate total surpassed Clinton's for the first time in the race, making the math increasingly difficult for a Clinton win.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clinton vowed to continue campaigning, and won convincingly in primaries in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> on May 13, and <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> on May 20 where Appalachian voters strongly preferred her over Obama. However, Obama was able to clear a victory in Oregon on May 20, which allowed him to clinch the majority of pledged delegates. Obama gave a speech in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a>, the state that propelled his candidacy, in which he stated, "You have put us within reach of the Democratic nomination for president of the United States of America."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton advisers said they would appeal to the DNC's Rules & Bylaws Committee<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to have the Michigan and Florida delegations seated. However, even under the most favorable seating arrangement, she would not have been able to take a lead in pledged delegates and would have had to rely on superdelegates to win the nomination. On May 31, the rules committee accepted the Michigan state party's 69-59 distribution of pledged delegates and restored half votes to Florida's and Michigan's delegations. This resulted in a net gain for Clinton of 24 pledged delegates. Obama remained significantly ahead, with a lead of 137 pledged delegates before the <a href="/wiki/2008_Puerto_Rico_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary">Puerto Rico primary</a> on June 1. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:385px;max-width:385px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on the night he clinched the Democratic nomination.</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20080603_Obama_Speaks_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/20080603_Obama_Speaks_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/120px-20080603_Obama_Speaks_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/20080603_Obama_Speaks_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/180px-20080603_Obama_Speaks_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/20080603_Obama_Speaks_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/240px-20080603_Obama_Speaks_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="722" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20080603_Obama_Speaks_to_crowd_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/20080603_Obama_Speaks_to_crowd_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/120px-20080603_Obama_Speaks_to_crowd_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/20080603_Obama_Speaks_to_crowd_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/180px-20080603_Obama_Speaks_to_crowd_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/20080603_Obama_Speaks_to_crowd_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/240px-20080603_Obama_Speaks_to_crowd_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="759" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20080603_Obamas_enter_stage_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/20080603_Obamas_enter_stage_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/133px-20080603_Obamas_enter_stage_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/20080603_Obamas_enter_stage_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/200px-20080603_Obamas_enter_stage_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/20080603_Obamas_enter_stage_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg/266px-20080603_Obamas_enter_stage_on_Nomination_Victory_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">June 3, 2008 at <a href="/wiki/Xcel_Energy_Center" title="Xcel Energy Center">Xcel Energy Center</a> (right with <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle</a>)</div></div></div></div> <p>On June 3, the day of the final primaries in South Dakota and Montana, Obama rolled out about sixty superdelegate endorsements. Those endorsements, together with the pledged delegates awarded in the final primaries, put him well over the "magic number" of 2,117 delegate votes necessary for a majority at the Democratic National Convention. By early in the evening, all major news organizations had announced that Obama had clinched the Democratic nomination, and Obama claimed the status of <a href="/wiki/Presumptive_nominee" class="mw-redirect" title="Presumptive nominee">presumptive nominee</a> in a speech in <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a>. Clinton did not concede the nomination in her election night speech, saying that she would be "making no decisions tonight".<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the morning of June 5, Clinton posted on her website an open letter to her supporters, which she also sent by e-mail that day. It announced that on Saturday (June 7) Clinton would endorse Obama's candidacy. During a well received concession speech in Washington DC on Saturday June 7 Clinton endorsed Obama in the following terms: "The way to continue our fight now, to accomplish the goals for which we stand is to take our energy, our passion, our strength, and do all we can to help elect Barack Obama, the next president of the United States. Today, as I suspend my campaign, I congratulate him on the victory he has won and the extraordinary race he has run. I endorse him and throw my full support behind him." </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width:20em">Details </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="width:20em">Delegate votes to the convention </th> <th colspan="6">Pledged delegate vote count<sup id="cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcesindicated-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:15em">Election result </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />notes </th> <th colspan="2" style="width:15em">Final estimate </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:6em">Date </th> <th>Election link </th> <th>Pledged </th> <th>Super </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th> <th>Obama </th> <th>Clinton </th></tr> <tr> <td>April 22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Pennsylvania_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Pennsylvania Democratic presidential primary">Pennsylvania primary</a> </td> <td>158 </td> <td>29 </td> <td><b>187</b> </td> <td>73 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">85 </td> <td> </td> <td>73 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">85 </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Guam_Democratic_territorial_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Guam Democratic territorial convention">Guam caucuses</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">May 6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Indiana_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Indiana Democratic presidential primary">Indiana primary</a> </td> <td>72 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><b>85</b> </td> <td>34 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">38 </td> <td> </td> <td>34 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_North_Carolina_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 North Carolina Democratic presidential primary">North Carolina primary</a> </td> <td>115 </td> <td>19 </td> <td><b>134</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">67 </td> <td>48 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">67 </td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_West_Virginia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary">West Virginia primary</a> </td> <td>28 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><b>39</b> </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">20 </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">May 20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Kentucky_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Kentucky Democratic presidential primary">Kentucky primary</a> </td> <td>51 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><b>60</b> </td> <td>14 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">37 </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Oregon_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Oregon Democratic presidential primary">Oregon primary</a> </td> <td>52 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><b>65</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">31 </td> <td>21 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">31 </td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Puerto_Rico_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary">Puerto Rico primary</a> </td> <td>55 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>63</b> </td> <td>17 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">38 </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">38 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">June 3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Montana_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Montana Democratic presidential primary">Montana primary</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><b>25</b> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6b6f9;">9 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_South_Dakota_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Dakota Democratic primary">South Dakota primary</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>23</b> </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">9 </td> <td> </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td>At-large vacancies<sup>*</sup> </td> <td>– </td> <td>2 </td> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>566</b> </td> <td><b>126</b> </td> <td><b>692</b> </td> <td><b>261</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;"><b>305</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>261</b> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead;"><b>305</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><b>To date</b> </td> <td><b>3,564</b> </td> <td><b>851</b> </td> <td><b>4,417</b> </td> <td><b>1,794½</b> </td> <td><b>1,732½</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>1,823½</b> </td> <td><b>1,726½</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>* Two at-large DNC superdelegate seats are vacant, see: <a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention#History_of_superdelegate_composition_changes" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">History of superdelegate composition changes</a>.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below are the results for the state primaries and caucuses held by the Democratic Party in 2008 for the presidential primaries.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170103004222/http://politics.nytimes.com/election-guide/2008/results/demmap/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=2008&elect=1">[2]</a> Clinton won one territorial contest, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, whilst Obama won <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>. He also won the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a>. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries_by_counties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries_by_counties.svg/900px-2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries_by_counties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="580" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries_by_counties.svg/1350px-2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries_by_counties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries_by_counties.svg/1800px-2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries_by_counties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </p> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#800080; color:white;"> </span> Obama</div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f9edf9; color:black;"> </span> 20–30%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f5e1f5; color:black;"> </span> 30–40%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e1bbe1; color:black;"> </span> 40–50%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cf94cf; color:black;"> </span> 50–60%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bd6fbd; color:black;"> </span> 60–70%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a949a9; color:white;"> </span> 70–80%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#863886; color:white;"> </span> 80–90%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#632761; color:white;"> </span> 90–100%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4a1d49; color:white;"> </span> 100%</div> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d4aa00; color:black;"> </span> Clinton</div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffeed5; color:black;"> </span> 30–40%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fce0b4; color:black;"> </span> 40–50%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f1c98b; color:black;"> </span> 50–60%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e6b263; color:black;"> </span> 60–70%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d99a39; color:black;"> </span> 70–80%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#af7b2c; color:black;"> </span> 80–90%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#855d20; color:white;"> </span> 90–100%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#644618; color:white;"> </span> 100%</div> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff7f2a; color:black;"> </span> Edwards</div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffcbbb; color:black;"> </span> 20–30%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffb59d; color:black;"> </span> 30–40%</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fc9978; color:black;"> </span> 40–50%</div> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3156e6; color:white;"> </span> Uncommitted</div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a9baff; color:black;"> </span> 40–50%</div> </li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#999999; color:black;"> </span> <b>No results</b></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_primaries..png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_primaries..png/900px-Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_primaries..png" decoding="async" width="900" height="587" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_primaries..png/1350px-Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_primaries..png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_primaries..png 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="915" /></a></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#800080; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#d4aa00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#ff7f2a; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#b2b2b2; color:black;"> </span> Tie</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span> No results</div> <p>N.B: The grey counties in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> denote that the counties are uncommitted for either candidate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voter_turnout">Voter turnout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Voter turnout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primary_2008_Voter_Turnout.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Primary_2008_Voter_Turnout.svg/350px-Primary_2008_Voter_Turnout.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Primary_2008_Voter_Turnout.svg/525px-Primary_2008_Voter_Turnout.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Primary_2008_Voter_Turnout.svg/700px-Primary_2008_Voter_Turnout.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Democratic primary turnout exceeded Republican turnout in most states through March 4 (when <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> clinched the Republican nomination). The eight exceptions were Alabama, Alaska, McCain's home state of Arizona, Idaho, Nebraska, Utah, and Florida and Michigan, where the Democratic primaries had been nullified.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Voter turnout</a> was at historically high levels in the 2008 primaries and caucuses, with many contests setting all-time records for turnout. Voter turnout on Super Tuesday was at 27% of eligible citizens, breaking the previous record of 25.9% set in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turnout was higher among Democrats than <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>, with Democratic turnout surpassing Republican turnout even in traditionally <a href="/wiki/Red_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Red states">red states</a> where the number of registered Democrats is proportionally low.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many states reported high levels of Democratic <a href="/wiki/Voter_registration" title="Voter registration">voter registration</a> in the weeks before primaries.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From January 3 through February 5, Democratic turnout exceeded Republican turnout, 19.1 million to 13.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Garber_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garber-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the first five weeks of 2008, 'voter turnout' was a phrase that was used almost exclusively in connection with the Democratic Party. There were routine stories of precincts running short on ballots, poll hours being extended, and voters packing haunch to paunch inside community centers and local churches. Crowd sizes were described, often with growing awe, as 'staggering,' 'record breaking,' or 'unprecedented.'</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Kent Garber, U.S. News & World Report<sup id="cite_ref-Garber_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garber-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The high Democratic turnout was attributed to several factors:<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the compressed primary calendar, which gave voters in more states an opportunity to participate in the nomination</li> <li>media interest and voter excitement generated by the first viable <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> and female presidential contenders</li> <li>dissatisfaction with Republican presidential candidates</li> <li>the early emergence of <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> as the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Open primary">open primaries</a> in some states, which allowed Republicans and <a href="/wiki/Independent_(voter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (voter)">independent</a> voters to participate in Democratic contests</li> <li>dissatisfaction with President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> policy</li> <li>cyclical <a href="/wiki/Realigning_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Realigning election">party realignment</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election">Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions of Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">Political positions of Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-popularvote-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popularvote_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-popularvote_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This figure does not include the states of Iowa, Nevada, Washington and Maine who did not release popular vote information. The political news and polling data aggregator website <a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a> estimated that the results of the caucuses would have increased Obama's total vote to 17,869,542 and Clinton's to 17,717,698.<sup id="cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclearpolitics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> (DNC) did not recognize primary results in Michigan, due to the state moving the date of their primary to January. Due to the lack of DNC recognition, Obama and several other candidates withdrew their names from the ballot whereas Clinton did not. The results of the Michigan primary were as thus: Uncommitted: 238,168; Clinton: 328,309. If the Michigan tally had been made official, the overall popular vote would be 17,535,458 for Obama and 17,822,145 for Clinton. With the caucuses estimates included the overall tally would be 17,869,542 and 18,046,007 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclearpolitics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coomarasamy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coomarasamy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-realclearpolitics-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realclearpolitics_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/democratic_vote_count.html">"2008 Democratic Popular Vote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Democratic+Popular+Vote&rft.pub=RealClearPolitics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fepolls%2F2008%2Fpresident%2Fdemocratic_vote_count.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coomarasamy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coomarasamy_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coomarasamy_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoomarasamy2008" class="citation news cs1">Coomarasamy, Jamie (June 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7429706.stm">"Equal split masks Obama victory"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Equal+split+masks+Obama+victory&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft.aulast=Coomarasamy&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F7429706.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/democratic_vote_count.html">"Democratic Vote Count"</a>. Real Clear Politics. January 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democratic+Vote+Count&rft.pub=Real+Clear+Politics&rft.date=2008-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fepolls%2F2008%2Fpresident%2Fdemocratic_vote_count.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.factcheck.org/2008/06/clinton-and-the-popular-vote/">"Clinton and the Popular Vote"</a>. FactCheck.org. June 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clinton+and+the+Popular+Vote&rft.pub=FactCheck.org&rft.date=2008-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2008%2F06%2Fclinton-and-the-popular-vote%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisman2008" class="citation news cs1">Weisman, Jonathan; et al. (June 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/03/AR2008060304268.html">"Strategy Was Based On Winning Delegates, Not Battlegrounds"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Strategy+Was+Based+On+Winning+Delegates%2C+Not+Battlegrounds&rft.date=2008-06-04&rft.aulast=Weisman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F06%2F03%2FAR2008060304268.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickler2008" class="citation news cs1">Pickler, Nedra (May 24, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/05/24/ap-obamas-political-team_n_103396.html">"AP: Obama's Political Team Out-Organized Clinton"</a>. <i>The Huffington Post</i>. Huffingtonpost.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=AP%3A+Obama%27s+Political+Team+Out-Organized+Clinton&rft.date=2008-05-24&rft.aulast=Pickler&rft.aufirst=Nedra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2008%2F05%2F24%2Fap-obamas-political-team_n_103396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DemConWatch_Tally-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DemConWatch_Tally_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DemConWatch_Tally_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DemConWatch_Tally_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demconwatch.blogspot.com/2008/06/superdelegate-endorsements-for-friday.html">"2008 Democratic Convention Watch"</a>. June 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Democratic+Convention+Watch&rft.date=2008-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemconwatch.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F06%2Fsuperdelegate-endorsements-for-friday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pledgedsumsource-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pledgedsumsource_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pledgedsumsource_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The pledged delegate estimates come from the sum of the states listed in the <a href="#Chronicle">Chronicle</a> section in this article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24974674">"Clinton to suspend campaign Saturday"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. June 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Clinton+to+suspend+campaign+Saturday&rft.date=2008-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna24974674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/05/14/edwards.obama/">"Clinton to suspend her campaign on Saturday"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. May 14, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Clinton+to+suspend+her+campaign+on+Saturday&rft.date=2008-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FPOLITICS%2F05%2F14%2Fedwards.obama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/P08/D-Alloc.phtml#Terr">"Democratic Delegate Allocation – 2008"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democratic+Delegate+Allocation+%E2%80%93+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FP08%2FD-Alloc.phtml%23Terr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/01/02/delegate.explainer/index.html">"Why delegates matter in the presidential race"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. January 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Why+delegates+matter+in+the+presidential+race&rft.date=2008-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FPOLITICS%2F01%2F02%2Fdelegate.explainer%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dem_rules-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dem_rules_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dem_rules_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dem_rules_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006191218/http://www.democrats.org/page/-/dem_convention/rules.pdf">"Delegate Selection Rules for the 2008 Democratic National Convention"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>. August 19, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democrats.org/page/-/dem_convention/rules.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delegate+Selection+Rules+for+the+2008+Democratic+National+Convention&rft.pub=Democratic+National+Committee&rft.date=2006-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democrats.org%2Fpage%2F-%2Fdem_convention%2Frules.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080123201111/http://www.nvdemscaucus.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=13&Itemid=30">"FAQ's"</a>. Nevada State Democratic Party. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nvdemscaucus.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=13&Itemid=30">the original</a> on January 23, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ%27s&rft.pub=Nevada+State+Democratic+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nvdemscaucus.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dblogcategory%26id%3D13%26Itemid%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703085604/http://www.iowafirstcaucus.org/faqs.php">"Iowa Democratic Party Precinct Caucus Fact Sheet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa Democratic Party</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowafirstcaucus.org/faqs.php">the original</a> on July 3, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iowa+Democratic+Party+Precinct+Caucus+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=Iowa+Democratic+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iowafirstcaucus.org%2Ffaqs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTibbetts2007" class="citation news cs1">Tibbetts, Ed (December 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qctimes.com/articles/2007/12/15/news/local/doc4764bb64e0b44787047257.txt">"So why DO we caucus, anyway?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quad-City_Times" title="Quad-City Times">Quad-City Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quad-City+Times&rft.atitle=So+why+DO+we+caucus%2C+anyway%3F&rft.date=2007-12-15&rft.aulast=Tibbetts&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qctimes.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F12%2F15%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fdoc4764bb64e0b44787047257.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dem_call-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dem_call_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608011743/http://www.democrats.org/page/-/pdf/FINAL2008CalltotheConvention.pdf">"Call for the 2008 Democratic National Convention"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>. March 17, 2008. p. 33. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democrats.org/page/-/pdf/FINAL2008CalltotheConvention.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Call+for+the+2008+Democratic+National+Convention&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Democratic+National+Committee&rft.date=2008-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democrats.org%2Fpage%2F-%2Fpdf%2FFINAL2008CalltotheConvention.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715121806/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008-presidential-candidates/finance/2007/q1/">Campaign Finance: First Quarter 2007 FEC Filings</a>", <i>The Washington Post</i>, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalz2007" class="citation news cs1">Balz, Dan (April 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/26/AR2007042602593.html">"Candidates Unite in Criticizing Bush"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Candidates+Unite+in+Criticizing+Bush&rft.date=2007-04-27&rft.aulast=Balz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F04%2F26%2FAR2007042602593.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OprahNYTimes-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OprahNYTimes_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelye2007" class="citation news cs1">Seelye, Katharine (November 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/21/oprah-may-campaign-for-obama/">"Oprah May Campaign for Obama"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oprah+May+Campaign+for+Obama&rft.date=2007-11-21&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F21%2Foprah-may-campaign-for-obama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071127/NEWS09/711270383/-1/caucus">"Oprah to aid Obama in D.M., Cedar Rapids"</a>. <i>Des Moines Register</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Oprah+to+aid+Obama+in+D.M.%2C+Cedar+Rapids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20071127%2FNEWS09%2F711270383%2F-1%2Fcaucus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=104265&d=4&m=12&y=2007">"Hillary Loses Iowa Lead"</a>. Arabnews.com. December 4, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hillary+Loses+Iowa+Lead&rft.pub=Arabnews.com&rft.date=2007-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2F%3Fpage%3D4%26section%3D0%26article%3D104265%26d%3D4%26m%3D12%26y%3D2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeleny2007" class="citation news cs1">Zeleny, Jeff (December 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/08/oprah-in-des-moines/?hp">"Oprah in Des Moines"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Oprah-Obama+double+bill+largest+political+NH+rally+in+recent+memory&rft.date=2007-12-09&rft.aulast=Pindell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpolitics%2Fprimarysource%2F2007%2F12%2Foprahobama_doub.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFineman2007" class="citation web cs1">Fineman, Howard (December 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/74581/page/2">"Fineman: Obama's Oprah Challenge – The Daily Beast"</a>. Newsweek.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fineman%3A+Obama%27s+Oprah+Challenge+%E2%80%93+The+Daily+Beast&rft.pub=Newsweek.com&rft.date=2007-12-08&rft.aulast=Fineman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F74581%2Fpage%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2007" class="citation news cs1">Murray, Mark (December 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328142649/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/12/10/507731.aspx">"First Thoughts: All tied up"</a>. MSNBC. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First+Thoughts%3A+All+tied+up&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirstread.msnbc.msn.com%2Farchive%2F2007%2F12%2F10%2F507731.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102061157/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article3239382.ece">"The Oprah Winfrey Show (and Obama was there too)"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. December 10, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article3239382.ece">the original</a> on January 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Oprah+Winfrey+Show+%28and+Obama+was+there+too%29&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.independent.co.uk%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Farticle3239382.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080327185528/http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2007/12/sweet_new_poll_puts_obama_in_s.html#more">"Sweet: New poll puts Obama in solid Iowa lead for first time. Crucial momenteum before Thursday caucus"</a>. <i>Chicago Sun-Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2007/12/sweet_new_poll_puts_obama_in_s.html#more">the original</a> on March 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Sweet%3A+New+poll+puts+Obama+in+solid+Iowa+lead+for+first+time.+Crucial+momenteum+before+Thursday+caucus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.suntimes.com%2Fsweet%2F2007%2F12%2Fsweet_new_poll_puts_obama_in_s.html%23more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305072103/http://rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/election_20082/weekly_presidential_tracking_polling_history">"Rasmussen Reports: Daily Presidential Tracking Polling History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/election_20082/weekly_presidential_tracking_polling_history">the original</a> on March 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rasmussen+Reports%3A+Daily+Presidential+Tracking+Polling+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rasmussenreports.com%2Fpublic_content%2Fpolitics%2Felection_20082%2Fweekly_presidential_tracking_polling_history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/ia/iowa_democratic_caucus-208.html">"RealClear Politics, Final Polls, Iowa Democratic Caucus"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RealClear+Politics%2C+Final+Polls%2C+Iowa+Democratic+Caucus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fepolls%2F2008%2Fpresident%2Fia%2Fiowa_democratic_caucus-208.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060822232125/http://www.democrats.org/a/2006/08/highlights_of_t.php">"Highlights of the 2008 Rules"</a>. The Democratic Party. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democrats.org/a/2006/08/highlights_of_t.php">the original</a> on August 22, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+the+2008+Rules&rft.pub=The+Democratic+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democrats.org%2Fa%2F2006%2F08%2Fhighlights_of_t.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sourcesindicated-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcesindicated_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources are indicated at each state's primary or caucus article, reached by following the appropriate "Election link."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iowa-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iowa_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Several candidates have withdrawn their nomination bids since the Iowa caucuses on January 3. At the Iowa county conventions on March 15 and the district conventions on April 26, some delegates supporting the withdrawn candidates moved their support to Obama.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcw-what-happens-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dcw-what-happens_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dcw-what-happens_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demconwatch.blogspot.com/2008/05/what-happens-to-edwards-delegates.html">"2008 Democratic Convention Watch: What happens to Edwards' delegates?"</a>. Democratic Convention Watch. June 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2008</span>. <q>Edwards still has 3 state-wide delegates from Iowa, which will be allocated at the Iowa State Convention on June 14. They will remain in Edwards column until then.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Democratic+Convention+Watch%3A+What+happens+to+Edwards%27+delegates%3F&rft.pub=Democratic+Convention+Watch&rft.date=2008-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemconwatch.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F05%2Fwhat-happens-to-edwards-delegates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Hampshire-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Hampshire_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on May 14, a delegate supporting Edwards announced an intention to support Obama at the national convention.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevada-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nevada_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Higher turnout from Obama supporters at the Nevada state convention on May 17 resulted in a 14–11 delegate split, in contrast to the 13-12 split predicted by the precinct caucuses on January 19. See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.rgj.com/inside-nevada-politics/2008/05/obama-flips-clintons-nevada-win.html">Obama flips Clinton's Nevada win; captures more national delegates</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Inside Nevada Politics, May 17, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-South_Carolina-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-South_Carolina_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on May 14, some delegates supporting Edwards announced their intention to support Obama at the national convention.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhee2008" class="citation news cs1">Rhee, Foon (January 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/01/obama_says_time.html">"Obama says time for change has come"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Obama+says+time+for+change+has+come&rft.date=2008-01-03&rft.aulast=Rhee&rft.aufirst=Foon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fpoliticalintelligence%2F2008%2F01%2Fobama_says_time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politico01/03/08-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politico01/03/08_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politico01/03/08_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2008" class="citation news cs1">Nichols, Bill (January 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0108/7695.html">"Obama and Huckabee win big in Iowa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico.com">politico.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=politico.com&rft.atitle=Obama+and+Huckabee+win+big+in+Iowa&rft.date=2008-01-03&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0108%2F7695.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time010508-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time010508_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTumulty2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Tumulty, Karen (January 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080106233924/http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1700705,00.html">"Clinton Machine Shaken By Setback"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1700705,00.html">the original</a> on January 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Clinton+Machine+Shaken+By+Setback&rft.date=2008-01-05&rft.aulast=Tumulty&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1700705%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornblutJonathan_WeismanPaul_Kane2008" class="citation news cs1">Kornblut, Anne E.; Jonathan Weisman; Paul Kane (January 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/04/AR2008010404002.html">"Clinton's Supporters Question Her Strategy"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clinton%27s+Supporters+Question+Her+Strategy&rft.date=2008-01-05&rft.aulast=Kornblut&rft.aufirst=Anne+E.&rft.au=Jonathan+Weisman&rft.au=Paul+Kane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F01%2F04%2FAR2008010404002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornblut2008" class="citation news cs1">Kornblut, Anne E. (January 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523160441/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/01/08/a_clinton_campaign_shakeup.html">"A Clinton Campaign Shakeup?"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/01/08/a_clinton_campaign_shakeup.html">the original</a> on May 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Clinton+Campaign+Shakeup%3F&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft.aulast=Kornblut&rft.aufirst=Anne+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.washingtonpost.com%2Fthe-trail%2F2008%2F01%2F08%2Fa_clinton_campaign_shakeup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDionne,_E._J.2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._J._Dionne_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="E. J. Dionne Jr.">Dionne, E. J.</a> (January 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/07/AR2008010702263.html">"A Candidacy's Prose and Cons"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Candidacy%27s+Prose+and+Cons&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft.au=Dionne%2C+E.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F01%2F07%2FAR2008010702263.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/nh/new_hampshire_democratic_primary-194.html">"RealClearPolitics New Hampshire Polling Average"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RealClearPolitics+New+Hampshire+Polling+Average&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fepolls%2F2008%2Fpresident%2Fnh%2Fnew_hampshire_democratic_primary-194.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealyJeff_Zelaney2008" class="citation news cs1">Healy, Patrick; Jeff Zelaney (January 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/06/us/politics/06dems.html">"At Debate, Two Rivals Go After Defiant Clinton"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+Debate%2C+Two+Rivals+Go+After+Defiant+Clinton&rft.date=2008-01-06&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Jeff+Zelaney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F06dems.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMemmottJill_Lawrence2008" class="citation news cs1">Memmott, Mark; Jill Lawrence (January 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117032103/http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2008/01/edwards-he-obam.html">"Edwards: He & Obama share a 'conviction alliance'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2008/01/edwards-he-obam.html">the original</a> on January 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Sanctioned+States+Put+Democrats+in+Quandary&rft.date=2008-02-09&rft.aulast=Balz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F02%2F08%2FAR2008020803801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheinin2008" class="citation news cs1">Sheinin, Aaron Gould (March 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajc.com/news/content/news/stories/2008/03/06/floridavote_0307_web.html">"Thurmond backs re-voting in Florida, Michigan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Disenfranchising+Non-Voters+in+Florida+and+Michigan%3F&rft.date=2008-03-19&rft.aulast=Krunholz&rft.aufirst=June&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fwashwire%2F2008%2F03%2F19%2Fdisenfranchising-non-voters-in-florida-and-michigan%2F%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroder2008" class="citation news cs1">Broder, John M. (January 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/30/us/politics/30dems.html">"Clinton Wins in Florida, but Without Any Delegates to Sweeten the Victory"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Clinton+Wins+in+Florida%2C+but+Without+Any+Delegates+to+Sweeten+the+Victory&rft.date=2008-01-30&rft.aulast=Broder&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F30%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F30dems.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuoJohn_M._Broder2008" class="citation news cs1">Luo, Michael; John M. Broder (February 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/15/us/politics/15donate.html">"Delegate Battles Snarl Democrats in Two States"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Delegate+Battles+Snarl+Democrats+in+Two+States&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=John+M.+Broder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F03%2F15%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F15donate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney2008" class="citation news cs1">Mooney, Alexander (March 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/03/19/obama.interview/index.html#cnnSTCText">"Obama: Wright flap has 'shaken me up'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Obama%3A+Wright+flap+has+%27shaken+me+up%27&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FPOLITICS%2F03%2F19%2Fobama.interview%2Findex.html%23cnnSTCText&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demconwatch.blogspot.com/2008/04/rules-and-bylaws-committee-membership.html">"Rules and Bylaws Committee membership"</a>. 2008 Democratic Convention Watch. April 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+and+Bylaws+Committee+membership&rft.pub=2008+Democratic+Convention+Watch&rft.date=2008-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemconwatch.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F04%2Frules-and-bylaws-committee-membership.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528234625/http://s3.amazonaws.com/apache.3cdn.net/6db9de2c969d3fd055_2bm6ib44l.pdf">"Regulations of the Rules & Bylaws Committee For the 2008 Democratic National Convention (amended)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DNC. February 1, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s3.amazonaws.com/apache.3cdn.net/6db9de2c969d3fd055_2bm6ib44l.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regulations+of+the+Rules+%26+Bylaws+Committee+For+the+2008+Democratic+National+Convention+%28amended%29&rft.pub=DNC&rft.date=2007-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Fapache.3cdn.net%2F6db9de2c969d3fd055_2bm6ib44l.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politico20080531-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politico20080531_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politico20080531_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParnesAvi_Zenilman2008" class="citation news cs1">Parnes, Amie; Avi Zenilman (May 31, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0508/10732.html">"DNC panel agrees to seat Mich., Fla"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico (newspaper)">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=DNC+panel+agrees+to+seat+Mich.%2C+Fla.&rft.date=2008-05-31&rft.aulast=Parnes&rft.aufirst=Amie&rft.au=Avi+Zenilman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0508%2F10732.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcw-welcome-back-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dcw-welcome-back_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dcw-welcome-back_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demconwatch.blogspot.com/2008/05/welcome-back.html">"Florida and Michigan Votes Seated"</a>. 2008 Democratic Convention Watch. May 31, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Florida+and+Michigan+Votes+Seated&rft.pub=2008+Democratic+Convention+Watch&rft.date=2008-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemconwatch.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F05%2Fwelcome-back.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">+1 due to Brenda Lawrence becoming a DNC Member for <i>National Conference of Democratic Mayors,</i> filling a previous vacancy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Ken Curtis</a> moved from Maine to Florida. (Florida +1; Maine -1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Schneider_(journalist)" title="Bill Schneider (journalist)">Schneider, Bill</a> (February 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/02/05/schneider.superduper.tuesday/index.html">"It could all be over after 'Super Tuesday'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=It+could+all+be+over+after+%27Super+Tuesday%27&rft.date=2007-02-07&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2007%2FPOLITICS%2F02%2F05%2Fschneider.superduper.tuesday%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd,_Chuck2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Todd" title="Chuck Todd">Todd, Chuck</a> (May 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18593870">"Will Tsunami Tuesday be an Afterthought?"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Will+Tsunami+Tuesday+be+an+Afterthought%3F&rft.date=2007-05-10&rft.au=Todd%2C+Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna18593870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caroline-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caroline_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2008" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Caroline (January 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/opinion/27kennedy.html">"A President Like My Father"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+President+Like+My+Father&rft.date=2008-01-27&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F27%2Fopinion%2F27kennedy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenBrown,_Carrie_Budoff2008" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Mike; Brown, Carrie Budoff (January 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0108/8134.html">"Ted Kennedy embraces Obama"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Ted+Kennedy+embraces+Obama&rft.date=2008-01-27&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Brown%2C+Carrie+Budoff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0108%2F8134.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelenyBrian_Knowlton2008" class="citation news cs1">Zeleny, Jeff; Brian Knowlton (January 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/us/politics/27cnd-campaign.html">"Kennedy Plans to Back Obama Over Clinton"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kennedy+Plans+to+Back+Obama+Over+Clinton&rft.date=2008-01-27&rft.aulast=Zeleny&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Brian+Knowlton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F27%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F27cnd-campaign.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalzAnne_E._Kornblut2008" class="citation news cs1">Balz, Dan; Anne E. Kornblut (February 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/31/AR2008013104068.html?hpid=topnews">"Head to Head, Clinton, Obama Shelve Rancor"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michelle%2C+Maria%2C+Caroline+and+Oprah+on+the+Hustings+in+California&rft.date=2008-02-04&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F04%2Fopinion%2F04mon4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2008" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Gail (January 31, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/31/opinion/31collins.html">"Four's a Crowd"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Four%27s+a+Crowd&rft.date=2008-01-31&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F31%2Fopinion%2F31collins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelenyElisabeth_Bumiller2008" class="citation news cs1">Zeleny, Jeff; Elisabeth Bumiller (February 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/us/politics/03campaign.html">"Candidates Scrambling As Wave of Votes Nears"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Candidates+Scrambling+As+Wave+of+Votes+Nears&rft.date=2008-02-03&rft.aulast=Zeleny&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Elisabeth+Bumiller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F03%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F03campaign.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The final result of the state convention on May 24 was a 10–3 split in pledged delegates. A 9–4 split had been predicted after the precinct caucuses on February 5. See <a href="/wiki/2008_Alaska_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Alaska Democratic presidential caucuses">2008 Alaska Democratic presidential caucuses</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The final result of the state convention on May 17 and the district conventions was a 36–19 split. A 35–20 split had been predicted after the precinct caucuses on February 5. See <a href="/wiki/2008_Colorado_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Colorado Democratic presidential caucuses">2008 Colorado Democratic presidential caucuses</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hookbarabak-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hookbarabak_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hookbarabak_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHookMark_Z._Barabak2008" class="citation news cs1">Hook, Janet; Mark Z. Barabak (February 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209104809/http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-demcampaign7feb07%2C0%2C5501826.story">"Obama, Clinton campaigns assess Super Tuesday results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-demcampaign7feb07,0,5501826.story">the original</a> on February 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Obama%2C+Clinton+campaigns+assess+Super+Tuesday+results&rft.date=2008-02-06&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.au=Mark+Z.+Barabak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-demcampaign7feb07%2C0%2C5501826.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCillizza2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Cillizza, Chris</a> (February 7, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080830071103/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/thefix/2008/02/whats_next.html">"What's Next"</a>. The Fix. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.washingtonpost.com/thefix/2008/02/whats_next.html">the original</a> on August 30, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What%27s+Next&rft.date=2008-02-07&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.washingtonpost.com%2Fthefix%2F2008%2F02%2Fwhats_next.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelenyLeslie_Wayne2008" class="citation news cs1">Zeleny, Jeff; Leslie Wayne (February 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/01/us/politics/01donate.html">"Enlisting New Donors, Obama Reaped $32 Million in January"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Enlisting+New+Donors%2C+Obama+Reaped+%2432+Million+in+January&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.aulast=Zeleny&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Leslie+Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F01%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F01donate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealyJeff_Zeleny2008" class="citation news cs1">Healy, Patrick; Jeff Zeleny (February 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/08/us/politics/08clinton.html">"Obama Outshines Clinton at Raising Funds"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Outshines+Clinton+at+Raising+Funds&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Jeff+Zeleny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F08%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F08clinton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPrimary-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaPrimary_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Washington Democrats use the February 9 caucuses to award delegates and ignore the February 19 primary. See <a href="/wiki/2008_Washington_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Washington Democratic presidential caucuses">2008 Washington Democratic presidential caucuses</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardley2008" class="citation news cs1">Yardley, William (February 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/18/us/politics/18washington.html">"In Washington State Vote, Relevance Is an Issue"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Washington+State+Vote%2C+Relevance+Is+an+Issue&rft.date=2008-02-18&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F18washington.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-District_of_Columbia-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-District_of_Columbia_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clinton pledged delegate <a href="/wiki/Jack_Evans_(D.C._Council)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Evans (D.C. Council)">Jack Evans</a> has announced an intention to vote for Obama at the national convention. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/citydesk/2008/05/17/jack-throws-support-to-obama/">Washington City Paper</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.washingtonpost.com/dc/2008/05/superdelegate_jack_evans_switc.html">Washington Post</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007213503/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/dc/2008/05/superdelegate_jack_evans_switc.html">Archived</a> October 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> articles. See <a href="/wiki/2008_District_of_Columbia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary">2008 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wynnwp-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wynnwp_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Wynn" title="Albert Wynn">Albert Wynn</a> announced his resignation as U.S. Representative on March 28, 2008. (Maryland -1) See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeldermanJeffrey_H._Birnbaum2008" class="citation news cs1">Helderman, Rosalind S.; Jeffrey H. Birnbaum (March 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/27/AR2008032702136.html">"Wynn Decides to Leave Congress Months Before His Term Expires"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Wynn+Decides+to+Leave+Congress+Months+Before+His+Term+Expires&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft.aulast=Helderman&rft.aufirst=Rosalind+S.&rft.au=Jeffrey+H.+Birnbaum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F03%2F27%2FAR2008032702136.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maryland-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In May, pledged Clinton delegate <a href="/wiki/Jack_B._Johnson" title="Jack B. Johnson">Jack B. Johnson</a> said he would vote for Obama, and urge the entire Maryland delegation to do so also. See "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/12/AR2008051202554.html">Pr. George's Executive Switches To Obama</a>", <i>The Washington Post</i>, May 13, 2008. See <a href="/wiki/2008_Maryland_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Maryland Democratic presidential primary">2008 Maryland Democratic presidential primary</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelye2008" class="citation news cs1">Seelye, Katharine Q. (February 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/11/us/politics/11dems.html">"Maine to Obama; Clinton Replaces Campaign Leader"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Maine+to+Obama%3B+Clinton+Replaces+Campaign+Leader&rft.date=2008-02-11&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Katharine+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F11%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F11dems.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd2008" class="citation news cs1">Todd, Chuck; et al. (February 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080401022002/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/02/13/661146.aspx">"First Thoughts: Mr. Front-Runner"</a>. <i>First Read</i>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/02/13/661146.aspx">the original</a> on April 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Read&rft.atitle=First+Thoughts%3A+Mr.+Front-Runner&rft.date=2008-02-13&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirstread.msnbc.msn.com%2Farchive%2F2008%2F02%2F13%2F661146.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/tx/texas_democratic_primary-312.html">RealClearPolitics, Texas Polling Average</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/oh/ohio_democratic_primary-263.html">RealClearPolitics, Ohio Polling Average</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinhauser2008" class="citation news cs1">Steinhauser, Paul (February 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/02/25/texas.poll">"Poll: It's all tied up for Dems in Texas"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+It%27s+all+tied+up+for+Dems+in+Texas&rft.date=2008-02-25&rft.aulast=Steinhauser&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FPOLITICS%2F02%2F25%2Ftexas.poll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tonechanges-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tonechanges_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tonechanges_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelye2008" class="citation news cs1">Seelye, Katharine Q. (March 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/05/us/politics/05press.html">"News Coverage Changes, and So Does Tone of the Campaign"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=News+Coverage+Changes%2C+and+So+Does+Tone+of+the+Campaign&rft.date=2008-03-05&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Katharine+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F03%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F05press.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2008" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Carrie Budoff (March 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0308/8819.html">"Conflicting Obama answers on NAFTA meeting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico (newspaper)">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Conflicting+Obama+answers+on+NAFTA+meeting&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Carrie+Budoff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0308%2F8819.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealy2008" class="citation news cs1">Healy, Patrick and Julie Bosman (February 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/26/us/politics/26clinton.html">"Clinton Campaign Starts 5-Point Attack on Obama"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Clinton+Campaign+Starts+5-Point+Attack+on+Obama&rft.date=2008-02-26&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=Patrick+and+Julie+Bosman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F26clinton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelyeJeff_Zeleny2008" class="citation news cs1">Seelye, Katharine Q.; Jeff Zeleny (March 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/01/us/politics/01campaign.html">"Clinton Questions Role of Obama in a Crisis"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Clinton+Questions+Role+of+Obama+in+a+Crisis&rft.date=2008-03-22&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Katharine+Q.&rft.au=Jeff+Zeleny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F03%2F01%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F01campaign.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover2008" class="citation news cs1">Glover, Mike (August 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-08-26-3886087604_x.htm">"McCain ad returns to Clinton's 3 a.m. phone call"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=McCain+ad+returns+to+Clinton%27s+3+a.m.+phone+call&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2008-08-26-3886087604_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-txprimary-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-txprimary_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-txprimary_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Under the rules of Texas's unique "two-step" system, 126 pledged delegates are chosen during the primary on March 4. The remaining 67 pledged delegates are chosen during a caucus process beginning March 4 and culminating in a state convention June 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-txupdate-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-txupdate_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The results from the Texas county conventions on March 29 predict a 37–30 split, in contrast to the precinct conventions on March 4, which predicted a 38–29 split. The June 6 convention changed the split to a 38–29 count for Obama. See <a href="/wiki/2008_Texas_Democratic_presidential_primary_and_caucuses" title="2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses">2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/03/hillary_clintons_ohio_primary.html">"Hillary Clinton's Ohio Primary Victory Speech"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton%27s+Ohio+Primary+Victory+Speech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F03%2Fhillary_clintons_ohio_primary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagourney2008" class="citation news cs1">Nagourney, Adam (March 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/05/us/politics/05primary.html">"Big Wins for Clinton in Texas and Ohio; McCain Clinches Race as Foe Concedes"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carrying+Primary+Scars+Into+the+General+Election&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft.aulast=Seeyle&rft.aufirst=Katherine+Q.&rft.au=Julie+Bosman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F04%2F01%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F01fight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCillizza2008" class="citation news cs1">Cillizza, Chris (March 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321030407/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/thefix/2008/03/fixcam_obamaniacs_and_mcclinto.html">"FixCam: Obamacains and McClintons"</a>. The Fix. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.washingtonpost.com/thefix/2008/03/fixcam_obamaniacs_and_mcclinto.html">the original</a> on March 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=FixCam%3A+Obamacains+and+McClintons&rft.date=2008-03-27&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.washingtonpost.com%2Fthefix%2F2008%2F03%2Ffixcam_obamaniacs_and_mcclinto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarney2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Carney, James (March 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080320042736/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1723302,00.html">"Obama's Bold Gamble on Race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1723302,00.html">the original</a> on March 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Obama%27s+Bold+Gamble+on+Race&rft.date=2008-03-18&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1723302%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpinion2008" class="citation news cs1">Opinion (March 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/19/opinion/19wed1.html">"Mr. Obama's Profile in Courage"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=High+Democratic+Turnout+Sends+a+Mixed+Signal+for+November&rft.date=2008-03-07&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fcampaign-2008%2F2008%2F02%2F28%2Fhigh-democratic-turnout-sends-a-mixed-signal-for-november.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael2008" class="citation news cs1">Michael, Laris (February 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/11/AR2008021101532.html">"Tight Race and Deep Interest Augur Big Turnout Today"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tight+Race+and+Deep+Interest+Augur+Big+Turnout+Today&rft.date=2008-02-12&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=Laris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F02%2F11%2FAR2008021101532.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhoriskey2008" class="citation news cs1">Whoriskey, Peter (February 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/05/AR2008020502976.html">"GEORGIA: Low GOP Enthusiasm"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=GEORGIA%3A+Low+GOP+Enthusiasm&rft.date=2008-02-06&rft.aulast=Whoriskey&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F02%2F05%2FAR2008020502976.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Democratic+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Alabama_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Alabama Democratic presidential primary">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Alaska_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Alaska Democratic presidential caucuses">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Arizona_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Arizona Democratic presidential primary">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Arkansas_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 California Democratic presidential primary">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Colorado_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Colorado Democratic presidential caucuses">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Connecticut_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Connecticut Democratic presidential primary">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Delaware_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Delaware Democratic presidential primary">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Florida_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Florida Democratic presidential primary">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Georgia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Georgia Democratic presidential primary">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Hawaii_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Hawaii Democratic presidential caucuses">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Idaho_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Idaho Democratic presidential caucuses">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Illinois_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Illinois Democratic presidential primary">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Indiana_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Indiana Democratic presidential primary">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iowa_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kansas_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Kansas Democratic presidential caucuses">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kentucky_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Kentucky Democratic presidential primary">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Louisiana_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Louisiana Democratic presidential primary">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Maine_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Maine Democratic presidential caucuses">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Maryland_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Maryland Democratic presidential primary">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Massachusetts_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Michigan_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Michigan Democratic presidential primary">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Minnesota_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Minnesota Democratic presidential caucuses">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mississippi_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Mississippi Democratic presidential primary">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Missouri_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Missouri Democratic presidential primary">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Montana_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Montana Democratic presidential primary">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nebraska_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Nebraska Democratic presidential caucuses">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nevada_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Jersey_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Mexico_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New Mexico Democratic presidential primary">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_York_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 New York Democratic presidential primary">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_North_Carolina_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 North Carolina Democratic presidential primary">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_North_Dakota_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 North Dakota Democratic presidential caucuses">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ohio_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Ohio Democratic presidential primary">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Oklahoma_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Oklahoma Democratic presidential primary">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Oregon_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Oregon Democratic presidential primary">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Pennsylvania_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Pennsylvania Democratic presidential primary">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Rhode_Island_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Rhode Island Democratic presidential primary">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_South_Carolina_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 South Carolina Democratic presidential primary">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_South_Dakota_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 South Dakota Democratic presidential primary">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tennessee_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Tennessee Democratic presidential primary">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Texas_Democratic_presidential_primary_and_caucuses" title="2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Utah_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Utah Democratic presidential primary">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Vermont_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Vermont Democratic presidential primary">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Virginia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Virginia Democratic presidential primary">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Washington_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Washington Democratic presidential caucuses">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_West_Virginia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Wisconsin_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Wisconsin Democratic presidential primary">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Wyoming_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Wyoming Democratic presidential caucuses">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_American_Samoa_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 American Samoa Democratic presidential caucuses">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_District_of_Columbia_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democrats_Abroad_presidential_primary" title="2008 Democrats Abroad presidential primary">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Guam_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2008 Guam Democratic presidential caucuses">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Puerto_Rico_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2008 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_U.S._Virgin_Islands_Democratic_presidential_convention" title="2008 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential convention">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2004)_2008_United_States_presidential_election_(2012_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2004)_2008_United_States_presidential_election_(2012_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">← 2004</a>) <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_elections" title="Template:2008 United States elections">2008 United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candidates_in_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="List of candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates" title="Comparison of the 2008 United States presidential candidates">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_endorsements_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Congressional endorsements for the 2008 United States presidential election">Congressional endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot access for the 2008 United States presidential election">Ballot access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday,_2008" title="Super Tuesday, 2008">Super Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_primary" title="Potomac primary">Potomac primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Super_Tuesday_II" title="2008 Super Tuesday II">Super Tuesday II</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a><br /><span style="color:#f598e2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Chris Dodd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Dodd 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Edwards" title="Political positions of John Edwards">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Dennis Kucinich 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Richardson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Vilsack 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a><br /><span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · <span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John McCain 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_liberal_support_for_John_McCain_in_2008" title="Democratic and liberal support for John McCain in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_presidential_candidacy_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Vice presidential candidacy of Sarah Palin">candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Political positions of Sarah Palin">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Republican Party presidential candidates">Other candidates</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback" title="Sam Brownback">Sam Brownback</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Sam Brownback 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Cox" title="John H. Cox">John H. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Gilmore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Rudy Giuliani 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rudy_Giuliani" title="Political positions of Rudy Giuliani">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter" title="Duncan L. Hunter">Duncan L. Hunter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Duncan L. Hunter 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McKinney" title="Ray McKinney">Ray McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mitt_Romney" title="Political positions of Mitt Romney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tom Tancredo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Tancredo 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Fred Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">Tommy Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tommy Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Draft_(politics)" title="Draft (politics)">Draft movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Democratic:</b> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Mark_Warner_movement" title="Draft Mark Warner movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Republican:</b> <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Condi_movement" title="Draft Condi movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">movement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chuck Baldwin 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Darrell Castle</b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Imperato" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Imperato">Daniel Imperato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/2008_Green_National_Convention" title="2008 Green National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cynthia_McKinney" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Cynthia McKinney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Clemente" title="Rosa Clemente">Rosa Clemente</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Brown" title="Elaine Brown">Elaine Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Bob Barr</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Barr 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bob_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Bob Barr">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kubby" title="Steve Kubby">Steve Kubby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ruwart" title="Mary Ruwart">Mary Ruwart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Stanhope" title="Doug Stanhope">Doug Stanhope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Independent Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Brian Rohrbough</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 yellow;"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jay" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Jay">Charles Jay</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivist Party">Objectivist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Tom Stevens</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Matt_Gonzalez" title="Matt Gonzalez">Matt Gonzalez</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Amondson" title="Gene Amondson">Gene Amondson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Weill" title="Ted Weill">Ted Weill</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Frank McEnulty</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Róger Calero</a></b></li> <li><b>Alternate nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independent / Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_(character)" title="Stephen Colbert (character)">Stephen Colbert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Stephen Colbert 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_(performance_artist)" title="Frank Moore (performance artist)">Frank Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathon_Sharkey" title="Jonathon Sharkey">Jonathon Sharkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>Other 2008 elections: <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2008 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2008 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._presidential_primaries" title="Template:U.S. presidential primaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._presidential_primaries" title="Template talk:U.S. presidential primaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._presidential_primaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. presidential primaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">United States presidential primaries and caucuses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Election timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National opinion polling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Democratic Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_Democratic_Party_2020_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2020 presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd> <dt>Republican Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#National_polling" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State opinion polling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Democratic Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd>2024</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Republican Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Statewide_polling" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debates and forums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Democratic Party</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd> <dd>2020 <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">forums</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="Republican Party presidential debates">Republican Party</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2012 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Republican Party presidential debates">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2024</a></dd> <dt>Libertarian Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd> <dt>Green Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Straw_poll" title="Straw poll">Straw polls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference#Straw_poll" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Fair_Straw_Poll" title="Iowa State Fair Straw Poll">Iowa State Fair</a></li> <li>(<i>defunct:</i> <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Straw_Poll_(1979%E2%80%932011)" title="Iowa Straw Poll (1979–2011)">Ames, Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Straw_Poll" title="Texas Straw Poll">Texas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_caucuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada caucuses">Nevada caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina primary">South Carolina primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">Caucuses</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2028 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2028</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Republican Party presidential primaries">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Republican Party presidential primaries">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Republican Party presidential primaries">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Republican Party presidential primaries">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Republican Party presidential primaries">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Republican Party presidential primaries">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Republican Party presidential primaries">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Republican Party presidential primaries">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Republican Party presidential primaries">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Republican Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Republican Party presidential primaries">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Republican Party presidential primaries">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2028 Republican Party presidential primaries">2028</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libertarian Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Green Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Green Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Green Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Green Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Green Party presidential primaries">2024</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Reform Party presidential primaries">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Reform Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Reform Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Reform Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Reform Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Reform Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitution Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results breakdown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_primary_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of primary votes received">List of candidates by number of primary votes received</a></dd> <dt>Democratic Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd> <dt>Republican Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National <br /> conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Republican_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1864 Republican National Convention">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Republican_National_Convention" title="1868 Republican National Convention">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Republican_National_Convention" title="1872 Republican National Convention">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Republican_National_Convention" title="1876 Republican National Convention">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Republican_National_Convention" title="1880 Republican National Convention">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Republican_National_Convention" title="1884 Republican National Convention">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Republican_National_Convention" title="1888 Republican National Convention">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Republican_National_Convention" title="1892 Republican National Convention">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Republican_National_Convention" title="1896 Republican National Convention">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention" title="1900 Republican National Convention">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Republican_National_Convention" title="1904 Republican National Convention">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_National_Convention" title="1916 Republican National Convention">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_National_Convention" title="1924 Republican National Convention">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Republican_National_Convention" title="1932 Republican National Convention">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Republican_National_Convention" title="1936 Republican National Convention">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Republican_National_Convention" title="1940 Republican National Convention">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Republican_National_Convention" title="1944 Republican National Convention">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_National_Convention" title="1964 Republican National Convention">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention" title="2012 Republican National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention" title="Libertarian National Convention">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1983 Libertarian National Convention">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1987 Libertarian National Convention">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1991 Libertarian National Convention">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1996 Libertarian National Convention">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2004 Libertarian National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2010 Libertarian National Convention">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2012 Libertarian National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2014 Libertarian National Convention">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2024 Libertarian National Convention">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Green_National_Convention" title="Green National Convention">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Green_National_Convention" title="2000 Green National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Green_National_Convention" title="2004 Green National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Green_National_Convention" title="2008 Green National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_National_Convention" title="2012 Green National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_National_Convention" title="2016 Green National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention" title="2020 Green National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_National_Convention" title="2024 Green National Convention"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Defunct</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Whig_National_Conventions" title="List of Whig National Conventions">Whig Party</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1839_Whig_National_Convention" title="1839 Whig National Convention">1839</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1844_Whig_National_Convention" title="1844 Whig National Convention">1844</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">1852</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1856_Whig_National_Convention" title="1856 Whig National Convention">1856</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party#Conventions" title="Greenback Party">Greenback Party</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1876_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1876 Greenback National Convention">1876</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1880_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1880 Greenback National Convention">1880</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1884_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1884 Greenback National Convention">1884</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1888_Greenback_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1888 Greenback National Convention (page does not exist)">1888</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">Populist Party</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)#1892_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">1892</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)#Presidential_election_of_1896" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">1896</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)#Collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">1900 • 1904 • 1908</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Progressive Party</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1912_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1912 Progressive National Convention">1912</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1916_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1916 Progressive National Convention">1916</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_Progressive_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 Progressive National Convention (page does not exist)">1920</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1924_Progressive_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1924 Progressive National Convention">1924</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1948_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1948 Progressive National Convention">1948</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Progressive_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 Progressive National Convention (page does not exist)">1952</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party_v._Jones" title="California Democratic Party v. Jones">California Democratic Party v. Jones</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduated_Random_Presidential_Primary_System" title="Graduated Random Presidential Primary System">Graduated Random Presidential Primary System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Plan" title="Delaware Plan">Delaware Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_Regional_Primary_System" title="Rotating Regional Primary System">Rotating Regional Primary System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interregional_Primary_Plan" title="Interregional Primary Plan">Interregional Primary Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Primary" class="mw-redirect" title="National Primary">National Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_primary" title="White primary">White primary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Barack Obama administration">Cannabis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Timeline</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2009)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)">2009</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2010)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)">2010</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2011)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)">2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2012)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)">2012</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)">2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)">2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)">2015</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">2016</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)#January_2017" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">January 2017</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)#Reassessment_and_renewed_commitment_from_2008" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Return to Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">War in Syria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Pivot to Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a>/Environmental</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">MAP-21st Century Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">FAST Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2016%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016–2017)">2016–17</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of executive actions by Barack Obama">Executive actions</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama">Memoranda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations">Proclamations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Estate" title="Plantation Estate">Plantation Estate</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father"><i>Dreams from My Father</i> (1995)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope"><i>The Audacity of Hope</i> (2006)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)"><i>Of Thee I Sing</i> (2010)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land"><i>A Promised Land</i> (2020)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/February_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illinois</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">State Senate</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1996</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1998</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">2002</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">U.S. House of Representatives</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">2000</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">staff members</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">primaries</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">primary campaign</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (stepfather)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auma_Obama" title="Auma Obama">Auma Obama</a> (paternal half-sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malik_Obama" title="Malik Obama">Malik Obama</a> (paternal half-brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_image" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and <br /> political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama" title="Security incidents involving Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(Stanage_book)" title="Redemption Song (Stanage book)">Redemption Song</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(Morris_and_McGann_book)" title="Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)">Catastrophe</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sharpley-Whiting_book)" title="The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)">The Speech</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place" title="Between Barack and a Hard Place">Between Barack and a Hard Place</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Obama_Zombies" title="Obama Zombies">Obama Zombies</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Victory" title="Conservative Victory">Conservative Victory</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama" title="The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama">The Bridge</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries" title="The Obama Diaries">The Obama Diaries</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome" title="The Obama Syndrome">The Obama Syndrome</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Identity" title="The Obama Identity">The Obama Identity</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel" title="O: A Presidential Novel">O: A Presidential Novel</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F" title="Where's the Birth Certificate?">Where's the Birth Certificate?</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand" title="Obama's Last Stand">Obama's Last Stand</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story" title="Barack Obama: The Story">Barack Obama: The Story</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_(book)" title="Buyer's Remorse (book)">Buyer's Remorse</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents" title="Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents">Shade</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_(book)" title="The World as It Is (book)">The World as It Is</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace" title="The President Sang Amazing Grace">The President Sang Amazing Grace</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="Sí Se Puede Cambiar">Sí Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_(video)" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film, TV, <br /> and stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Obama_Anak_Menteng" title="Obama Anak Menteng">Obama Anak Menteng</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a></i> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton</a></i> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a></i> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide" title="America's Great Divide">America's Great Divide</a></i> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a></i> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a></i> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union" title="Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union">Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union</a></i> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a></i> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a></i> (2022)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama" title="Social media use by Barack Obama">Social media use</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine" title="Hair Like Mine"><i>Hair Like Mine</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)"><i>Situation Room</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_(painting)" title="The Forgotten Man (painting)">The Forgotten Man</a></i> (2010 painting)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_(painting)" title="President Barack Obama (painting)">President Barack Obama</a></i> (2018 portrait)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Barack Obama's summer playlist</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_(Hamilton_song)#Remix" title="One Last Time (Hamilton song)">One Last Time (44 Remix)</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing" title="Sunlight before signing">Sunlight before signing</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">← George W. Bush</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></b></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hillary_Clinton" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hillary_Clinton" title="Template:Hillary Clinton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hillary_Clinton" title="Template talk:Hillary Clinton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hillary_Clinton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hillary Clinton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hillary_Clinton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="List of chancellors of the Queen's University Belfast">11th Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast</a> (2020–present)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">67th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">US Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (2001–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (1993–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_Arkansas" title="First ladies and gentlemen of Arkansas">First Lady of Arkansas</a> (1979–1981, 1983–1992)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary<br />of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">Tenure as Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Hillary_Clinton_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State">Foreign trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrennial_Diplomacy_and_Development_Review" title="Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review">Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Barack Obama">Foreign policy of the Obama administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Doctrine" title="Hillary Doctrine">Hillary Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Email controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1888" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1888">UN Security Council Resolution 1888</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Representative_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict">UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg/100px-Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg/150px-Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg/200px-Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="1932" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="890" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">US senator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Hillary Clinton">Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Entertainment_Protection_Act" title="Family Entertainment Protection Act">Family Entertainment Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Protection_Act_of_2005" title="Flag Protection Act of 2005">Flag Protection Act of 2005</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Lady</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_first_lady_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as first lady of the United States">Tenure as First Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">1993 health care reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillaryland" title="Hillaryland">Hillaryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_travel_office_controversy" title="White House travel office controversy">Travel office controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_FBI_files_controversy" title="White House FBI files controversy">FBI files controversy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vast_right-wing_conspiracy_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vast right-wing conspiracy (term)">Vast right-wing conspiracy</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Voices" title="Vital Voices">Vital Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_America%27s_Treasures" title="Save America's Treasures">Save America's Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Children%27s_Health_Insurance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="State Children's Health Insurance Program">State Children's Health Insurance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Safe_Families_Act" title="Adoption and Safe Families Act">Adoption and Safe Families Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Care_Independence_Act#Legislative_history" title="Foster Care Independence Act">Foster Care Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Millennium_Council" title="White House Millennium Council">White House Millennium Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arkansas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Legal career of Hillary Clinton">Legal career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_career_in_corporate_governance" title="Hillary Clinton's career in corporate governance">Career in corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenures_as_First_Lady_of_Arkansas" title="Hillary Clinton's tenures as First Lady of Arkansas">Tenures as First Lady of Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Advocates_for_Children_and_Families" title="Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families">Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Law_Firm" title="Rose Law Firm">Rose Law Firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Legal Services Corporation">Legal Services Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_cattle_futures_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy">Cattle futures controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philanthropic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation%E2%80%93State_Department_controversy" title="Clinton Foundation–State Department controversy">State Department controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onward_Together" title="Onward Together">Onward Together</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches<br />and policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_are_human_rights" title="Women's rights are human rights">"Women's Rights Are Human Rights" (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">"Basket of deplorables" (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Hillary Clinton">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_senior_thesis" title="Hillary Rodham senior thesis">Senior thesis (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village"><i>It Takes a Village </i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Socks,_Dear_Buddy" title="Dear Socks, Dear Buddy"><i>Dear Socks, Dear Buddy</i> (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Invitation_to_the_White_House" title="An Invitation to the White House"><i>An Invitation to the White House</i> (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_History_(book)" title="Living History (book)"><i>Living History</i> (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Choices" title="Hard Choices"><i>Hard Choices</i> (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronger_Together_(book)" title="Stronger Together (book)"><i>Stronger Together</i> (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Happened_(Clinton_book)" title="What Happened (Clinton book)"><i>What Happened</i> (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Gutsy_Women" title="The Book of Gutsy Women"><i>The Book of Gutsy Women</i> (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Terror" title="State of Terror"><i>State of Terror</i> (2021)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Electoral history of Hillary Clinton">Electoral<br />history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senatorial elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">2000 US Senate election in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2006 United States Senate election in New York">2006 US Senate election in New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2008 Democratic<br />presidential primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 US presidential election</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Campaign</a></li> <li>Endorsements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_screen_and_stage_performer_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements">screen and stage performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">other celebrities</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">General election debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_presidential_transition_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Planned presidential transition of Hillary Clinton">Planned presidential transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Victory_Fund" title="Hillary Victory Fund">Hillary Victory Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Hillary_Clinton" title="List of awards and honors received by Hillary Clinton">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Hillary Clinton">Books about</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Public image of Hillary Clinton">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_National_Airport" title="Clinton National Airport">Clinton National Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hillary_1984" title="Hillary 1984">Hillary 1984</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton"><i>Saturday Night Live</i> parodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton"><i>Hillary and Clinton</i> (2016 play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_(film)" title="Hillary (film)"><i>Hillary</i> (2020 documentary)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (husband</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">presidency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Clinton" title="Chelsea Clinton">Chelsea Clinton</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1911)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1911)">Hugh E. Rodham</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Howell_Rodham" title="Dorothy Howell Rodham">Dorothy Howell Rodham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1950)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1950)">Hugh Rodham</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Rodham" title="Tony Rodham">Tony Rodham</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socks_(cat)" title="Socks (cat)">Socks</a> (cat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_(Bill_Clinton%27s_dog)" title="Buddy (Bill Clinton's dog)">Buddy</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_(house)" title="Whitehaven (house)">Whitehaven</a> (residence)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></i> (2011 photograph)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activities_of_Hillary_Clinton_subsequent_to_2016" title="Activities of Hillary Clinton subsequent to 2016">Activities after 2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joe_Biden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joe_Biden" title="Template talk:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joe_Biden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">47th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">from Delaware</a> (1973–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden#Vice_presidency_(2009–2017)" title="Joe Biden">Vice presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li> <li>Task forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Violence_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Violence Task Force">Gun Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">First Trump transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_Information_Procedures_Act" title="Classified Information Procedures Act">Classified Information Procedures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Counterterrorism_Act_of_1995" title="Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995">Counterterrorism Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of political appointments by Joe Biden">Appointments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Agriculture_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Agriculture appointments by Joe Biden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Commerce_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Commerce appointments by Joe Biden">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Defense_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Defense appointments by Joe Biden">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Education_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Education appointments by Joe Biden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Energy_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Energy appointments by Joe Biden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Executive_Office_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Executive Office appointments by Joe Biden">Executive Office appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Health and Human Services appointments by Joe Biden">HHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Homeland_Security_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Homeland Security appointments by Joe Biden">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Housing and Urban Development appointments by Joe Biden">HUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Interior_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Interior appointments by Joe Biden">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Justice_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Justice appointments by Joe Biden">Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Joe Biden">U.S. attorneys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Labor_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Labor appointments by Joe Biden">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_State_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of State appointments by Joe Biden">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">ambassadors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Transportation_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Transportation appointments by Joe Biden">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Treasury_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Treasury appointments by Joe Biden">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Veterans Affairs appointments by Joe Biden">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Emergency_Assistance_Act_of_2021" title="Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021">Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENACER_Act" title="RENACER Act">RENACER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act" title="Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Filing_Fee_Modernization_Act_of_2021" title="Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2021">Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_TikTok_on_Government_Devices_Act" title="No TikTok on Government Devices Act">No TikTok on Government Devices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnant_Workers_Fairness_Act" title="Pregnant Workers Fairness Act">Pregnant Workers Fairness Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Antitrust_Enforcement_Venue_Act_of_2021" title="State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act of 2021">State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act" title="Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act">Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">PACT Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2023" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Reform_Act_of_2022" title="Postal Service Reform Act of 2022">Postal Service Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speak_Out_Act" title="Speak Out Act">Speak Out Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Origin_Act_of_2023" title="COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023">COVID-19 Origin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America" title="Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America">DCA agreement between Finland and the US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADVANCE_Act" title="ADVANCE Act">ADVANCE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_118-50" title="Public Law 118-50">National Security Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act" title="Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act">Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biden_v._Nebraska" title="Biden v. Nebraska">Biden v. Nebraska</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral and ethical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_for_Democracy" title="Summit for Democracy">Summit for Democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate" title="2021 Leaders Summit on Climate">2021 Leaders Summit on Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13990" title="Executive Order 13990">Executive Order 13990</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">2023 Chinese balloon incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">War in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">accusation of genocide complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">Russian prisoner exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Joe Biden administration">Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden">security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q4%E2%80%93January_2025)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q4–January 2025)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Second Trump transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Classified documents incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">House Oversight Committee investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of executive actions by Joe Biden">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of proclamations by Joe Biden">proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2021)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2024%E2%80%9325)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024–25)">2024–2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">international</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates#October_2:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama#Biden_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates#October_11:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Centre_College)" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basement_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Basement campaign">basement campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_congressional_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign congressional endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state and territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">protest vote movements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Francis_Blewitt" title="Edward Francis Blewitt">Edward Francis Blewitt</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilia_Hunter_Biden" title="Neilia Hunter Biden">Neilia Hunter Biden</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Biden" title="James Biden">James Biden</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Biden_Owens" title="Valerie Biden Owens">Valerie Biden Owens</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Beau Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Biden" title="Ashley Biden">Ashley Biden</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Krein" title="Howard Krein">Howard Krein</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallie_Olivere_Biden" title="Hallie Olivere Biden">Hallie Olivere Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Buhle" title="Kathleen Buhle">Kathleen Buhle</a> (former daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Cohen_Biden" title="Melissa Cohen Biden">Melissa Cohen Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Naomi Biden">Naomi Biden</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li>Dogs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(dog)" title="Champ (dog)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(Joe_Biden%27s_dog)" title="Major (Joe Biden's dog)">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(dog)" title="Commander (dog)">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(cat)" title="Willow (cat)">Willow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Promises_to_Keep_(memoir)" title="Promises to Keep (memoir)">Promises to Keep</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Promise_Me,_Dad" title="Promise Me, Dad">Promise Me, Dad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Will_Be_Different" title="Tomorrow Will Be Different"><i>Tomorrow Will Be Different</i> (foreword)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inaugural address</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Joe_Biden_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2021 Joe Biden speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2023 State of the Union Address">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2024 State of the Union Address">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media<br />depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(film)" title="Confirmation (film)">Confirmation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Choice_2020" title="The Choice 2020">The Choice 2020</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Intro_to_Political_Science" title="Intro to Political Science">Intro to Political Science</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Son_Hunter" title="My Son Hunter">My Son Hunter</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Ride" title="One Last Ride">One Last Ride</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_(The_Onion)" title="Joe Biden (The Onion)"><i>The Onion</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "Diamond Joe"</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden"><i>Saturday Night Live</i> parodies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">Spitting Image</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden_Cancer_Moonshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot">Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden_Foundation" title="Biden Foundation">Biden Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_a_shotgun" title="Buy a shotgun">Buy a shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Did_That!" title="I Did That!">I Did That!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joever" class="mw-redirect" title="Joever">Joever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Brandon" title="Let's Go Brandon">Let's Go Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">Sexual assault allegation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Joe_(nickname)" title="Sleepy Joe (nickname)">Sleepy Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">← Donald Trump</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">← Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Joe_Biden" title="Category:Joe Biden">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Edwards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Edwards" title="Template:John Edwards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Edwards" title="Template talk:John Edwards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Edwards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Edwards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Edwards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Edwards" title="Elizabeth Edwards">Elizabeth Edwards</a> (1949–2010; wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Edwards" title="Cate Edwards">Cate Edwards</a> (elder daughter)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg/110px-John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg/165px-John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg/220px-John_Edwards%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1445" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rielle_Hunter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rielle Hunter">Rielle Hunter</a> (campaign videographer and ex-mistress)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1998 United States Senate election in North Carolina">1998</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2004 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates#October_5:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Case_Western_Reserve_University)" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political themes and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Edwards" title="Political positions of John Edwards">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_extramarital_affair" title="John Edwards extramarital affair">Extramarital affair</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Americas" title="Two Americas">Two Americas</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books authored</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Trials" title="Four Trials">Four Trials</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Democratic Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National<br />conventions</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential<br />tickets</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential<br />primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<i>None</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />leaders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate<br />leaders</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of<br />the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and<br />territorial<br />parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated<br />groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&oldid=1255420804">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries&oldid=1255420804</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2008_United_States_Democratic_presidential_primaries" title="Category:2008 United States Democratic presidential primaries">2008 United States 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