CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>小锌懈褋芯泻褋褌邪褌械泄锌芯蟹邪锌褉芯褋褍 «袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏械»</title> <meta name='yandex-verification' content='59059b16b0c4ed51' /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ru" /> <meta name="keywords" content="袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟, 袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏袦芯褋泻芯胁褋泻懈泄懈胁褋械褟袪褍褋懈袣懈褉懈谢谢邪, 褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪邪褟胁械褉褋懈褟, 锌褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁懈械, 褏褉懈褋褌懈邪薪褋褌胁芯, 褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟" /> <meta name="description" content="袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟锌芯写褉械写邪泻褑懈械泄袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏邪袦芯褋泻芯胁褋泻芯谐芯懈胁褋械褟袪褍褋懈袣懈褉懈谢谢邪 (褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪邪褟胁械褉褋懈褟)" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟" href="http://www.pravenc.ru/encyclopedia.rss" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟" href="/opensearch.xml" />  <link href="/css/stylesheet.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" /> <link href="/css/printstylesheet.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" />            <link href="/css/highslide.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/css/enc.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script src="/js/encycloped.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=561361341" /> </head> <body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <div class="supercontainer"> <div class="container"> <div class="container"> <div class="container"> <div class="container"> <div class="container"> <div class="container"> <div class="container"> <div class="incontainer"> <div class="logo" style="float:left;"><a href="/"><img width="440" height="80" src="/images/_.gif" alt='' /></a></div> <div class="search"><div class="search"><div class="search"><div class="search"> <form name="search" method="get" action="/search/" accept-charset="utf-8"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="utf-8" /> <div class="search_form"> <input type="search" name="text" maxlength="200" value="锌芯懈褋泻" onfocus="focusSearchInp(this)" onblur="blurSearchInp(this)" /> <div class="search_form"></div> </div> </form> <small><a href="/search/advanced.html" class="pot">褉邪褋褕懈褉械薪薪褘泄锌芯懈褋泻</a></small> </div></div></div></div> <div id='nav-first'> <div class="nav-to-rss"><a href="/encyclopedia.rss">锌芯写锌懈褋邪褌褜褋褟薪邪 rss-泻邪薪邪谢</a></div> <div class="nav-to-mobile"><a href="http://m.pravenc.ru">屑芯斜懈谢褜薪邪褟胁械褉褋懈褟</a></div> <div class="nav-to-shop"><a href="/shop/">泻褍锌懈褌褜袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪褍褞褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褞</a></div> </div> <br clear="all" />  <div class="main_menu nav"> <ul> <li><a href="/list.html">小谢芯胁薪懈泻</a></li> <li><a href="/rubrics/index.html">袪褍斜褉懈泻邪褌芯褉</a></li> <li><a href="/selected.html">袠蟹斜褉邪薪薪褘械褋褌邪褌褜懈</a></li> <li><a href="/text/73090.html">袨褌褉械写邪泻褑懈懈</a></li> <li><a href="/calendar/index.html">袣邪谢械薪写邪褉褜</a></li> <li><a href="/illustrations/index.html">袠谢谢褞褋褌褉邪褑懈懈</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/new.html">袧芯胁芯械胁褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪芯泄胁械褉褋懈懈</a></li> <li><a href="/changed.html">袠褋锌褉邪胁谢械薪薪褘械褋褌邪褌褜懈</a></li> <li><a href="/updated.html">袛芯锌芯谢薪械薪薪褘械褋褌邪褌褜懈</a></li> <li><a href="/vol/dop.html">袧芯胁褘械褋褌邪褌褜懈</a></li> <li><a href="/abbreviations/">小锌懈褋芯泻褋芯泻褉邪褖械薪懈泄</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="intro"> 袛芯斜褉芯锌芯卸邪谢芯胁邪褌褜胁芯写懈薪懈蟹褋邪屑褘褏锌芯谢薪褘褏褋胁芯写芯胁蟹薪邪薪懈泄锌芯袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁懈褞懈懈褋褌芯褉懈懈褉械谢懈谐懈懈 <br />协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟懈蟹写邪械褌褋褟锌芯斜谢邪谐芯褋谢芯胁械薪懈褞 <b><a href="//pravenc.ru/text/64696.html">袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏邪袦芯褋泻芯胁褋泻芯谐芯懈胁褋械褟袪褍褋懈袗谢械泻褋懈褟 II</a></b><br /> 懈锌芯斜谢邪谐芯褋谢芯胁械薪懈褞 <b><a href="//pravenc.ru/text/1840307.html">袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏邪袦芯褋泻芯胁褋泻芯谐芯懈胁褋械褟袪褍褋懈袣懈褉懈谢谢邪</a></b><br /><br /> <a href="//pravenc.ru/text/190611.html"><b>袣邪泻锌褉懈芯斜褉械褋褌懈褌芯屑邪 "袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈懈"</b></a><br /> <div id="vols-pagination"> <span><a href="/vol/dop.html">0</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/i.html">1</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/ii.html">2</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/iii.html">3</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/iv.html">4</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/v.html">5</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/vi.html">6</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/vii.html">7</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/viii.html">8</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/ix.html">9</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/x.html">10</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xi.html">11</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xii.html">12</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xiii.html">13</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xiv.html">14</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xv.html">15</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xvi.html">16</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xvii.html">17</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xviii.html">18</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xix.html">19</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xx.html">20</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/XXI.html">21</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxii.html">22</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxiii.html">23</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxiv.html">24</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxv.html">25</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxvi.html">26</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxvii.html">27</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxviii.html">28</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxix.html">29</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxx.html">30</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxxi.html">31</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxxii.html">32</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxxiii.html">33</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/XXXIV.html">34</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxxv.html">35</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxxvi.html">36</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxxvii.html">37</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/XXXVIII.html">38</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xxxix.html">39</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xl.html">40</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xli.html">41</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xlii.html">42</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xliii.html">43</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xliv.html">44</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/XLV.html">45</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xlvi.html">46</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/xlvii.html">47</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/XLVIII.html">48</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/XLIX.html">49</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/L.html">50</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/LI.html">51</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/LII.html">52</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/LIII.html">53</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/liv.html">54</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lv.html">55</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/LVI.html">56</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/LVII.html">57</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lviii.html">58</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/LIX.html">59</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lx.html">60</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxi.html">61</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/LXII.html">62</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxiii.html">63</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxiv.html">64</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxv.html">65</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxvi.html">66</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxvii.html">67</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxviii.html">68</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxix.html">69</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxx.html">70</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxxi.html">71</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxxii.html">72</a></span> <span><a href="/vol/lxxiii.html">73</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="print_intro">袦邪褌械褉懈邪谢懈蟹袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈懈锌芯写褉械写邪泻褑懈械泄袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏邪袦芯褋泻芯胁褋泻芯谐芯懈胁褋械褟袪褍褋懈袣懈褉懈谢谢邪</div> <br clear="all" /> 袩芯蟹邪锌褉芯褋褍 «袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏械» 薪邪泄写械薪褘褋褌邪褌褜懈: <div style="margin: 10px 0px 20px 10px;"> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/171468.html">袛袙袝袧袗袛笑袗孝袠袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸袨袙袟袗袙袝些袗袧袠携</a></span> 褉邪薪薪械褏褉懈褋褌. 邪锌芯泻褉懈褎, 褋芯褋褌邪胁谢械薪薪褘泄薪邪芯褋薪芯胁械斜懈斜谢械泄褋泻懈褏懈锌芯褋褌斜懈斜谢械泄褋泻懈褏懈褍写械泄褋泻懈褏锌褉械写邪薪懈泄芯胁械褌褏芯蟹邪胁械褌薪褘褏锌邪褌褉懈邪褉褏邪褏</div> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/1319720.html">芦袠小孝袨袪袠携袗袥袝袣小袗袧袛袪袠袡小袣袠啸袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸袨袙禄</a></span> 褋芯斜褉邪薪懈械褌械泻褋褌芯胁, 褋芯褋褌邪胁谢褟褞褖懈褏芯褋薪芯胁褍懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻芯谐芯锌褉械写邪薪懈褟袣芯锌褌褋泻芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈</div> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/1840307.html">袣袠袪袠袥袥, 袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸袦袨小袣袨袙小袣袠袡袠袙小袝携袪校小袠</a></span> 袣懈褉懈谢谢 (袚褍薪写褟械胁袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉袦懈褏邪泄谢芯胁懈褔; 褉芯写. 20.11.1946), 袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏袦芯褋泻芯胁褋泻懈泄懈胁褋械褟袪褍褋懈 (褋 1 褎械胁褉. 2009)</div> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/2577929.html">芦袧袨袦袨袣袗袧袨袧袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸袗袠袨袗袧袧袗袩袨小孝袧袠袣袗禄</a></span> 褋屑. 胁褋褌. 袠芯邪薪薪 IV 袩芯褋褌薪懈泻</div> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/2579748.html">袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸</a></span> 褌懈褌褍谢锌褉械写褋褌芯褟褌械谢褟邪胁褌芯泻械褎邪谢褜薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈; 褍锌芯褌褉械斜谢褟械褌褋褟褌邪泻卸械胁懈薪芯褋谢邪胁薪褘褏笑械褉泻胁邪褏 - 胁芯褋褌芯褔薪褘褏 (薪械褏邪谢泻懈写芯薪褋泻懈褏), 袪懈屑褋泻芯-泻邪褌芯谢懈褔械褋泻芯泄懈薪械泻-褉褘褏锌褉芯褌械褋褌邪薪褌褋泻懈褏; 懈薪芯谐写邪懈褋锌芯谢褜蟹褍械褌褋褟胁褋械泻褌邪薪褌褋泻懈褏芯斜褖懈薪邪褏懈薪械锌褉懈蟹薪邪薪薪褘褏褋褏懈蟹屑邪褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪懈褟褏</div> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/2579752.html">袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸袠袙袝孝啸袨袟袗袙袝孝袧蝎袝</a></span> 胁袙袟薪邪懈屑械薪芯胁邪薪懈械褉芯写芯薪邪褔邪谢褜薪懈泻芯胁械胁褉. 薪邪褉芯写邪, 懈薪芯谐写邪 - 胁褋械褏锌褉邪褉芯写懈褌械谢械泄褔械谢芯胁械褔械褋褌胁邪</div> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/2581226.html">袩袨小袥袗袧袠袝袙袨小孝袨效袧蝎啸袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸袨袙</a></span> 袩芯褋谢邪薪懈械袙芯褋褌芯褔薪褘褏袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏芯胁 (袨泻褉褍卸薪芯械锌芯褋谢邪薪懈械械写懈薪芯泄, 褋胁褟褌芯泄, 褋芯斜芯褉薪芯泄懈邪锌芯褋褌芯谢褜褋泻芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈泻芯胁褋械屑锌褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪褘屑褏褉懈褋褌懈邪薪邪屑), 芯褌胁械褌薪邪褝薪褑懈泻谢懈泻褍锌邪锌褘袪懈屑褋泻芯谐芯袩懈褟 IX 芦In suprema Petri Apostoli sede禄 (6 褟薪胁. 1848), 芯斜褉邪褖械薪薪褍褞泻胁芯褋褌. 褏褉懈褋褌懈邪薪邪屑</div> <div><span class="article_title"><a href="/text/2581228.html">袩袨小袥袗袧袠袝袩袗孝袪袠袗袪啸袨袙袙袨小孝袨效袧袨-袣袗肖袨袥袠效袝小袣袨袡笑袝袪袣袙袠袨袩袪袗袙袨小袥袗袙袧袨袡袙袝袪袝</a></span> 1723 谐. </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <br clear="all" /> <div class="footer"> <a href="https://fapmc.gov.ru/rospechat.html">协谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪邪褟胁械褉褋懈褟褉邪蟹褉邪斜芯褌邪薪邪锌褉懈褎懈薪邪薪褋芯胁芯泄锌芯写写械褉卸泻械肖械写械褉邪谢褜薪芯谐芯邪谐械薪褌褋褌胁邪锌芯锌械褔邪褌懈懈屑邪褋褋芯胁褘屑泻芯屑屑褍薪懈泻邪褑懈褟屑</a> <br /> © 1998 - 2023 笑械褉泻芯胁薪芯-薪邪褍褔薪褘泄褑械薪褌褉芦袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟禄. </div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-261055-6', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <div class="footer_counter"><script id="top100Counter" type="text/javascript" src="https://counter.rambler.ru/top100.jcn?1256149"></script><noscript><img src="https://counter.rambler.ru/top100.cnt?1256149" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0"></noscript><a href="//top100.rambler.ru/home?id=1256149"><img src="https://top100-images.rambler.ru/top100/banner-88x31-rambler-green2.gif" alt="Rambler's Top100" width="88" height="31" border="0" /></a></div>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function (d, w, c) { (w[c] = w[c] || []).push(function() { try { w.yaCounter810953 = new Ya.Metrika({ id:810953, clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:true, trackHash:true }); } catch(e) { } }); var n = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0], s = d.createElement("script"), f = function () { n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); }; s.type = "text/javascript"; s.async = true; s.src = "//mc.yandex.ru/metrika/watch.js"; if (w.opera == "[object Opera]") { d.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", f, false); } else { f(); } })(document, window, "yandex_metrika_callbacks"); </script> <noscript><div><img src="//mc.yandex.ru/watch/810953" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>  <br clear="all" /> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

小锌懈褋芯泻 褋褌邪褌械泄 锌芯 蟹邪锌褉芯褋褍 «袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏械»

小锌懈褋芯泻褋褌邪褌械泄锌芯蟹邪锌褉芯褋褍 «袩邪褌褉懈邪褉褏械»