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class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Nomenklatura+kimiko" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Nomenklatura+kimiko" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Nomenklatura+kimiko" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Nomenklatura+kimiko" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Helburuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helburuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Helburuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helburuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenklatura_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenklatura_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nomenklatura motak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nomenklatura_motak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Nomenklatura motak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nomenklatura_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konposatu_organikoen_nomenklatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konposatu_organikoen_nomenklatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konposatu_organikoen_nomenklatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konposatu_inorganikoen_nomenklatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konposatu_inorganikoen_nomenklatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Konposatu inorganikoen nomenklatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konposatu_inorganikoen_nomenklatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomenklatura_sistematikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenklatura_sistematikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Nomenklatura sistematikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenklatura_sistematikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stock_nomenklatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stock_nomenklatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Stock nomenklatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stock_nomenklatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenklatura_tradizionala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenklatura_tradizionala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Nomenklatura tradizionala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenklatura_tradizionala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nomenklatura kimiko</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 37 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Nomenclatura química – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nomenclatura química" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хімічная наменклатура – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічная наменклатура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Химична номенклатура – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химична номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="রাসায়নিক নামকরণ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাসায়নিক নামকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_nomenklatura" title="Hemijska nomenklatura – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijska nomenklatura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Nomenclatura química – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nomenclatura química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ناولێنانی کیمیایی – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناولێنانی کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1zvoslov%C3%AD" title="Chemické názvosloví – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemické názvosloví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Химилле номенклатура – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatur_(Chemie)" title="Nomenklatur (Chemie) – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nomenklatur (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Χημική ονοματολογία – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημική ονοματολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical nomenclature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_nomenklaturo" title="Kemia nomenklaturo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia nomenklaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Nomenclatura química – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nomenclatura química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemianomenklatuur" title="Keemianomenklatuur – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemianomenklatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="نام‌گذاری آیوپاک – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام‌گذاری آیوپاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiallisten_yhdisteiden_nime%C3%A4minen" title="Kemiallisten yhdisteiden nimeäminen – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kemiallisten yhdisteiden nimeäminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature_chimique" title="Nomenclature chimique – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nomenclature chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Անվանակարգում (քիմիա) – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անվանակարգում (քիմիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_nama_senyawa_kimia" title="Tata nama senyawa kimia – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata nama senyawa kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_chimica" title="Nomenclatura chimica – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomenclatura chimica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ნომენკლატურა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიური ნომენკლატურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Химиялық атаулар – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық атаулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC_%EB%AA%85%EB%AA%85%EB%B2%95" title="화합물 명명법 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화합물 명명법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="രാസനാമകരണം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസനാമകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80" title="Химийн номенклатур – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Химийн номенклатур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatuur_(scheikunde)" title="Nomenclatuur (scheikunde) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nomenclatuur (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_chemiczna" title="Nomenklatura chemiczna – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nomenklatura chemiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhaqru-Yachaypi_sutichay" title="Chhaqru-Yachaypi sutichay – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chhaqru-Yachaypi sutichay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatur%C4%83_(chimie)" title="Nomenclatură (chimie) – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nomenclatură (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Химическая номенклатура – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическая номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_nomenclatur" title="Chemical nomenclatur – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chemical nomenclatur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical nomenclature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хімічна номенклатура – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічна номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p> <b>Nomenklatura</b> <a href="/wiki/Elementu_kimiko" title="Elementu kimiko">elementu</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Konposatu_kimiko" title="Konposatu kimiko">konposatu kimikoen</a> artean ematen diren konbinaketa desberdinak izendatzeko arauen multzoa da. <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> (<i>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>, Kimika Puru eta Aplikatuko Nazioarteko Batasuna) arduratzen da arau hauek ezartzeaz. </p><p>IUPAC-ek konposatu organiko eta ez-organikoak izendatzeko arauak bi argitalpenetan jasotzen dira: “Liburu urdina” (<i>Blue Book</i>) eta “Liburu gorria” (<i>Red Book</i>),  hurrenez hurren <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Horiez gain, beste argitalpen batzuk ere badaude: “Liburu berdeak” (<i>Green Book</i>) fisikako sinboloak erabiltzeko gomendioak ematen ditu eta “Urrezko liburuak” (<i>Gold Book</i>) kimikan erabiltzen diren termino tekniko askoren definizioak jasotzen ditu <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Beste diziplina batzuetan ere existitzen dira horrelako liburuak, hala nola, biokimikan (Liburu zuria, <i>White book</i>), kimika makromolekularrean (Liburu morea, <i>Purple Book</i>), kimika analitikoan (Liburu laranja, <i>Orange</i> <i>Book</i>) eta kimika klinikoan (Zilarrezko liburua, <i>Silver</i> <i>Book</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helburuak">Helburuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Helburuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Helburuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nomenklatura kimikoaren helburua pertsona batek izen kimiko bat entzun edo irakurtzean, zein konposatu den inongo zalantzarik ez izatea da, anbiguotasunik gabe. Hori dela eta, orokorrean izen bakoitza substantzia bakar bat izendatzeko erabiltzen da, nahiz eta zenbait kasutan substantzia batek izen bat baino gehiago dituen. </p><p>Izenak gainera, konposatuaren egitura kimikoari buruzko informazioa ematen digu. <a href="/wiki/CAS_erregistro_zenbakia" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS erregistro zenbakia">CAS erregistro zenbakia</a> (American Chemical Society) salbuespena izango litzateke: konposatu bakoitzak CAS zenbaki bakarra dauka eta honek ez du bere egiturari buruzko inongo informaziorik ematen. </p><p>Nomenklatura mota ezberdinak existitzen dira, eta esan bezala, konposatu bat izendatzeko era ezberdinak egon daitezke. Horregatik, erabiltzen den nomenklatura entzulearen arabera moldatu beharko da. Normalean, konposatu jakin batzuk identifikatzeko izen sinple edo ezagun batekin nahikoa izaten da, <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> kimiko handiekin gertatzen den bezala. Adibidez, kafeinaren IUPAC izena 1,3,7-trimetilpurina-2,6-diona da. Zehaztasunetan murgilduz, izenak formula kimikoa esplizituko azaldu beharko luke, eta oraindik zehatzagoa izateko, baita atomoen egitura tridimentsionala ere, kasu batzuetan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nabarmentzekoa da nomenklaturako lehen sistema “modernoa” XVIII.mendearen amaieran agertu zela, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a>-ek <a href="/wiki/Elementu_kimiko" title="Elementu kimiko">elementu</a>en eta <a href="/wiki/Konposatu_kimiko" title="Konposatu kimiko">konposatu</a>en arteko bereizketari buruzko liburua publikatu zuenean. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau (sortu gabe)">Louis-Bernard Guyton</a> kimikari frantsesak bere gomendioak argitaratu zituen 1782an, bere “izendapen-metodo konstanteak adimenari lagundu eta oroimena arinduko” zuelakoan <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bost urte beranduago, 1787an, Lavoisier eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berthollet_de_Fourcroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berthollet de Fourcroy (sortu gabe)">Berthollet de Fourcroy</a>-rekin batera nomenklatura sistema findu eta argitaratu zuten. <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius">Berzelius</a>-ek ere proiektua babestu zuen, ideia guztiak alemanera itzuliz <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>XIX. mendearen erdialdean konposatu organikoen hedapena ikaragarria izan zen. Hauen egiturak hobeto ulertzeko nahiak bultzatuta, nomenklatura sistema berri baten beharra ikusi zen. Tresna teorikoak eskuragarri edukita, nazioarteko biltzarra deitu zen Genevan 1892. urtean, eta bertan, lehen normalizazio arauak proposatu ziren <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . </p><p>1913. urtean batzorde bat antolatu zen baina lana eten behar izan zuten <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerra</a>ren ondorioz. Gerra amaitu ondoren, nomenklaturaren inguruko gai guztiak <a href="/wiki/Kimika_Puru_eta_Aplikatuko_Nazioarteko_Batasuna" title="Kimika Puru eta Aplikatuko Nazioarteko Batasuna">IUPAC</a>-ek hartu zituen bere gain. Lehenengo batzordeak nomenklatura organikoa, inorganikoa eta biokimikoa zehazteko sortu ziren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenklatura_motak">Nomenklatura motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nomenklatura motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nomenklatura motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nomenklatura hau desberdina da konposatu organiko edo inorganikoentzat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konposatu_organikoen_nomenklatura">Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Konposatu_organikoen_nomenklatura" title="Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura">Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Konposatu_organiko" title="Konposatu organiko">Konposatu organikoak</a> izendatzeko arauak ditu nomenklatura honek. Konposatu hauek <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">karbono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoz</a> daude eratuta batez ere, baina <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogenoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">fosforoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufrea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno">halogenoak</a> ere izan ditzakete. </p><p>IUPAC sistemaren arabera konposatu organiko baten izena hiru zatitan banatzen da: aurrizkia, erroa edo oinarrizko zatia eta atzizkia. Atal hauetako bakoitzak konposatuari buruzko informazio desberdina emango digu. Horrela, egitura kimiko bat izendatzeko, R erroaren aurretik P1, P2,... aurrizkiak jartzen dira eta bere atzetik S1, S2,... atzizkiak </p><p><b>...(P2)(P1) – R – (S1)(S2)...</b> </p><p>Eskema honetan: </p> <ul><li>R erroak kate nagusiaren karbono-kopurua adierazten du.</li> <li>P1 aurrizkiak R kate nagusiaren izaera (lineala, ziklikoa,...) adierazten du.</li> <li>P2, P3,... aurrizkiek R kate nagusiari lotutako beste ordezko kate edo funtzio-taldeak adierazten dituzte.</li> <li>S1 atzizkiak R erroaren asegabetasuna adierazten du.</li> <li>S2 atzizkiak <a href="/wiki/Funtzio_talde" title="Funtzio talde">funtzio-talde</a> nagusia adierazten du.</li></ul> <p>Aurrizki eta atzizkiek lekutzaileak (ordezko kate eta funtzio-taldeak R kate nagusiari nondik lotuta dauden) eta biderkatzaileak (zenbat ordezko kate eta funtzio-talde dauden) izango ditu. </p><p>Kate nagusiaren karbono-atomoak 1-etik n-raino zenbatzen dira. Funtzio-talde nagusiari 1 posizioa (edo posizio ahalik eta baxuena) ematen zaio eta beste funtzio-talde eta asegabetasunak ahalik eta lekutzaile baxuenak erabiliz adierazten dira. Funtzio-talde edo asegabetasun batek posizio bakarra izan dezakeenean ez da lekutzailerik erabiltzen. Bestalde, biderkatzaileak mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-... moduan adierazten dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konposatu_inorganikoen_nomenklatura">Konposatu inorganikoen nomenklatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konposatu inorganikoen nomenklatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Konposatu inorganikoen nomenklatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Konposatu_inorganikoen_nomenklatura" title="Konposatu inorganikoen nomenklatura">Konposatu inorganikoen nomenklatura</a>»</div> <p>Nomenklatura honek aldiz, <a href="/wiki/Konposatu_inorganiko" title="Konposatu inorganiko">konposatu inorganikoak</a> izendatzeko arauak ezartzen ditu. Konposatu hauek organikoak ez diren beste guztiak dira. Urteetan zehar, nomenklatura ezberdinak egon dira baina gaur egun ezagunenak 3 dira: nomenklatura sistematikoa, stock nomenklatura eta nomenklatura tradizionala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nomenklatura_sistematikoa">Nomenklatura sistematikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nomenklatura sistematikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Nomenklatura sistematikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IUPAC-ek hobesten duen nomenklatura mota da. Aurrizkiak erabiltzen dira elementu bakoitzaren atomo kopurua adierazteko. </p><p>Substantziak izendatzeko, molekula bateko elementu bakoitzaren atomikotasuna adierazten duten zenbakizko aurrizki grekoak erabiltzen dira. Atomikotasunak adierazten du elementu batek zenbat atomo dituen molekula batean. </p><p>Adibidez: karbono tetrakloruroa (CCl<sub>4</sub>), sufre dioxiodoa (SO<sub>2</sub>) edo karbono monoxidoa (CO). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stock_nomenklatura">Stock nomenklatura</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Stock nomenklatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Stock nomenklatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nomenklatura mota hau Alfred Stock kimikari alemanak garatu zuen 1919an eta publikatutako lehen nomenklatura mota izan zen<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sistema honetan metalaren balentzia jartzen da, parentesi artean eta zenbaki erromatarretan. </p><p>Adibidez: </p> <ul><li>FeCl<sub>2</sub>: burdin(II) kloruroa</li> <li>FeCl<sub>3</sub>: burdin(III) kloruroa</li> <li>PbO<sub>2</sub>: beruna(IV) oxidoa</li> <li>SO<sub>3</sub>: sufre(VI) oxidoa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nomenklatura_tradizionala">Nomenklatura tradizionala</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nomenklatura tradizionala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Nomenklatura tradizionala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elementuen oxidazio-egoera eta atomoak nola lotzen diren jakitea beharrezkoa da. Erabiltzen diren aurrizkiak <i>hipo-</i> eta <i>per-</i> dira eta atzizkiak <i>-iko</i> eta <i>-oso</i>. </p><p>Elementuen balentzien arabera: </p> <ul><li>Balentzia bakarra dutenak: beti <i>-iko</i> atzizkia erabiliko da. Adibidez, oxido potasikoa (K<sub>2</sub>O).</li> <li>Bi balentzia ezberdin eduki ditzaketenak: <i>-iko</i> edo <i>-oso</i> atzizkiak erabiliko dira. Adibidez, kloruro ferrosoa (FeCl<sub>2</sub>) edo kloruro ferrikoa (FeCl<sub>3</sub>).</li> <li>Hiru balentzia ezberdin eduki ditzaketenak: <i>hipo- + -oso</i>, <i>-oso</i> edo <i>-iko</i> erabiliko dira. Adibidez, oxido hipotitaniosoa (TiO) edo oxido titanikoa (TiO<sub>2</sub>).</li> <li>Lau balentzia ezberdin eduki ditzaketenak: <i>hipo- + -oso</i>, <i>-oso, -iko</i> edo <i>per- + -iko</i> erabiliko dira. Adibidez, azido permanganikoa (HMnO<sub>4</sub>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFInternational_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry._Commission_on_the_Nomenclature_of_Organic_Chemistry1971">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.  (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2656754"><i>Nomenclature of organic chemistry .... </i></a> ([New ed.]. argitaraldia) Butterworths <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-408-70144-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-408-70144-7">0-408-70144-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2656754">2656754</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFInternational_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry._Commission_on_the_Nomenclature_of_Organic_Chemistry1993">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.  (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27431284"><i>A guide to IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds : recommendations 1993. </i></a> Blackwell Scientific Publications <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-632-03702-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-632-03702-4">0-632-03702-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=27431284">27431284</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60838140"><i>Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry. IUPAC recommendations 2005. </i></a> Royal Society of Chemistry 2005 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-85404-438-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-85404-438-2">978-0-85404-438-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=60838140">60838140</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27011505"><i>Quantities, units, and symbols in physical chemistry. </i></a> (2nd ed. argitaraldia) Blackwell Scientific Publications 1993 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-632-03583-8" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-632-03583-8">0-632-03583-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=27011505">27011505</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(93)90033-v">«Biochemical nomenclature and related documents: A compendium (second edition, 1992)»</a> <i>Biochemical Education</i> 21 (1): 54. 1993-01  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0307-4412%2893%2990033-v">10.1016/0307-4412(93)90033-v</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0307-4412">0307-4412</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDavid1999-12">David, Anthony.  (1999-12). [<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000263575">http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000263575</a> «Organic Psychiatry: The Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorders (3rd edn) By William Alwyn Lishman. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 1997.923 pp. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-86542-842-5" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-86542-842-5">ISBN 0-86542-842-5</a> (hb); 0-86542-820-4 (pb)»] <i>British Journal of Psychiatry</i> 175 (6): 594–594.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1192%2Fs0007125000263575">10.1192/s0007125000263575</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0007-1250">0007-1250</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKauffman1991-06">Kauffman, George B..  (1991-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19911030637">«Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: Recommendations 1990. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Herausgeg. vonG. J. Leigh. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1990. XXIV, 289 S., Paperback, $ 27.50. </a><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-632-02494-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-632-02494-1">ISBN 0-632-02494-1</a>» <i>Angewandte Chemie</i> 103 (6): 738–739.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fange.19911030637">10.1002/ange.19911030637</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0044-8249">0044-8249</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32546601"><i>Compendium of terminology and nomenclature of properties in clinical laboratory sciences : recommendations 1995. </i></a> Blackwell Science 1995 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-86542-612-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-86542-612-0">0-86542-612-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=32546601">32546601</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGuyton_de_Morveau1782">Guyton de Morveau, Louis-Bernard.  (1782). <i>Mémoire sur les dénominations chimiques, la necessité d'en perfectionner le système et les règles pour y parvenir. </i> Observations Sur la Physique, 370–382 or.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBerzelius1811">Berzelius, Jöns Jacob.  (1811). <i>Essai sur la nomenclature chimique. </i> 73 Journal de Physique, 253-286 or.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFranchimont1892">Franchimont, M. A. P. N..  (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.18920110102">«Le Congrès international pour la réforme de la nomenclature en chimie organique»</a> <i>Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas</i> 11 (1): 1–17.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Frecl.18920110102">10.1002/recl.18920110102</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0165-0513">0165-0513</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-03)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHousecroft2008">Housecroft, Catherine E..  (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/228102552"><i>Inorganic chemistry. </i></a> (3rd ed. argitaraldia) Pearson Prentice Hall <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-13-175553-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-13-175553-6">978-0-13-175553-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=228102552">228102552</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatura_kimiko&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: 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