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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公佈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公佈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>公佈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公佈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-保護級別" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#保護級別"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>保護級別</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-保護級別-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。94种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUBN-rooilys" title="IUBN-rooilys – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="IUBN-rooilys" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rote_Liste_gef%C3%A4hrdeter_Arten" title="Rote Liste gefährdeter Arten – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rote Liste gefährdeter Arten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="القائمة الحمراء للأنواع المهددة بالانقراض – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القائمة الحمراء للأنواع المهددة بالانقراض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="আই ইউ চি এন ৰঙা তালিকা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আই ইউ চি এন ৰঙা তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_Bermeya_de_la_UICN" title="Llista Bermeya de la UICN – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llista Bermeya de la UICN" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1_kitab" title="Qırmızı kitab – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qırmızı kitab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Чырвоная кніга – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чырвоная кніга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Червен списък на световнозастрашените видове – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Червен списък на световнозастрашените видове" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="आइयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आइयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="আইইউসিএন লাল তালিকা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইইউসিএন লাল তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_Vermella_de_la_UICN" title="Llista Vermella de la UICN – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista Vermella de la UICN" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cerven%C3%BD_seznam_IUCN" title="Červený seznam IUCN – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Červený seznam IUCN" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhestr_Goch_yr_IUCN" title="Rhestr Goch yr IUCN – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhestr Goch yr IUCN" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN%27s_r%C3%B8dliste" title="IUCN's rødliste – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="IUCN's rødliste" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rote_Liste_gef%C3%A4hrdeter_Arten" title="Rote Liste gefährdeter Arten – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rote Liste gefährdeter Arten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण सङ्घको रातो सूची – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण सङ्घको रातो सूची" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_IUCN" title="Κόκκινος κατάλογος της IUCN – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόκκινος κατάλογος της IUCN" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IUCN Red List" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Ru%C4%9Da_Listo_de_Endan%C4%9Deritaj_Specioj" title="Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_Roja_de_la_UICN" title="Lista Roja de la UICN – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lista Roja de la UICN" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusvahelise_Looduskaitseliidu_punane_nimestik" title="Rahvusvahelise Looduskaitseliidu punane nimestik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusvahelise Looduskaitseliidu punane nimestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCNren_Zerrenda_Gorria" title="IUCNren Zerrenda Gorria – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="IUCNren Zerrenda Gorria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE_%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فهرست سرخ آی‌یوسی‌ان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست سرخ آی‌یوسی‌ان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punainen_kirja" title="Punainen kirja – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Punainen kirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Rey%C3%B0listin" title="IUCN Reyðlistin – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="IUCN Reyðlistin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_rouge_de_l%27UICN" title="Liste rouge de l'UICN – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste rouge de l'UICN" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reade_List_fan_de_IUCN" title="Reade List fan de IUCN – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Reade List fan de IUCN" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_Vermella_da_IUCN" title="Lista Vermella da IUCN – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lista Vermella da IUCN" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_IUCN" title="הרשימה האדומה של IUCN – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרשימה האדומה של IUCN" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="आईयूसीएन लाल सूची – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईयूसीएन लाल सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN-ov_crveni_popis" title="IUCN-ov crveni popis – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IUCN-ov crveni popis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_lista" title="Vörös lista – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vörös lista" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Կարմիր գիրք – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարմիր գիրք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Կարմիր Գիրք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կարմիր Գիրք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_merah_IUCN" title="Daftar merah IUCN – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar merah IUCN" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndep%E1%BB%A5ta_uhie_nke_IUCN" title="Ndepụta uhie nke IUCN – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndepụta uhie nke IUCN" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalabbasit_a_Listaan_ti_IUCN" title="Nalabbasit a Listaan ti IUCN – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nalabbasit a Listaan ti IUCN" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="ЦӀе дешарг – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЦӀе дешарг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rau%C3%B0i_listi_IUCN" title="Rauði listi IUCN – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rauði listi IUCN" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_rossa_IUCN" title="Lista rossa IUCN – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lista rossa IUCN" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="レッドリスト – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レッドリスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_Abang_IUCN" title="Pratélan Abang IUCN – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan Abang IUCN" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="წითელი წიგნი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წითელი წიგნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umu%C9%A3_azegga%C9%A3_n_IUCN" title="Umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Қызыл кітап – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қызыл кітап" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="IUCN 적색 목록 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IUCN 적색 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEsteya_Sor_a_IUCN" title="Lîsteya Sor a IUCN – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîsteya Sor a IUCN" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Кызыл китеп – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кызыл китеп" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Ruber_IUCN" title="Index Ruber IUCN – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Index Ruber IUCN" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1" title="Яру улуб – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Яру улуб" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarptautin%C4%97_raudonoji_knyga" title="Tarptautinė raudonoji knyga – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarptautinė raudonoji knyga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkan%C4%81_gr%C4%81mata" title="Sarkanā grāmata – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sarkanā grāmata" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%A1%D0%97%D0%9F" title="Црвен список на МСЗП – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црвен список на МСЗП" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="റെഡ് ലിസ്റ്റ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെഡ് ലിസ്റ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Улаан ном – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Улаан ном" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF.%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82.%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8._%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="आय.यू.सी.एन. लाल यादी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आय.यू.सी.एन. लाल यादी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_Merah_IUCN" title="Senarai Merah IUCN – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai Merah IUCN" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="IUCN အနီရောင်စာရင်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="IUCN အနီရောင်စာရင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rode_List" title="Rode List – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rode List" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण सङ्घको रातो सूची – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण सङ्घको रातो सूची" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rode_Lijst_van_de_IUCN" title="Rode Lijst van de IUCN – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rode Lijst van de IUCN" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_raudliste" title="Global raudliste – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Global raudliste" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" title="IUCNs rødliste – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IUCNs rødliste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_roja_de_l%27UICN" title="Lista roja de l'UICN – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lista roja de l'UICN" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czerwona_ksi%C4%99ga_gatunk%C3%B3w_zagro%C5%BConych" title="Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_Vermelha_da_IUCN" title="Lista Vermelha da IUCN – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista Vermelha da IUCN" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikichasqa_Rikch%27aq_Puka_Sutisuyu" title="Chikichasqa Rikch'aq Puka Sutisuyu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chikichasqa Rikch'aq Puka Sutisuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_ro%C8%99ie_a_IUCN" title="Lista roșie a IUCN – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lista roșie a IUCN" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Красная книга – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Красная книга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Кыһыл кинигэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыһыл кинигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Reid_Leet" title="IUCN Reid Leet – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="IUCN Reid Leet" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN-ova_crvena_lista" title="IUCN-ova crvena lista – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IUCN-ova crvena lista" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD" title="රතු දත්ත පොත – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රතු දත්ත පොත" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="IUCN Red List" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cerven%C3%BD_zoznam_IUCN" title="Červený zoznam IUCN – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Červený zoznam IUCN" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rde%C4%8Di_seznam_IUCN" title="Rdeči seznam IUCN – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rdeči seznam IUCN" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liiska_Cas_ee_MCID" title="Liiska Cas ee MCID – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Liiska Cas ee MCID" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_e_Kuqe_e_BNRN-s%C3%AB" title="Lista e Kuqe e BNRN-së – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lista e Kuqe e BNRN-së" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_IUCN" title="Црвени списак IUCN – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црвени списак IUCN" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6dlistning" title="Rödlistning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rödlistning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="செம்பட்டியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செம்பட்டியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%85" title="Китоби сурх – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Китоби сурх" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99" title="บัญชีแดงไอยูซีเอ็น – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บัญชีแดงไอยูซีเอ็น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyzyl_kitap" title="Gyzyl kitap – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gyzyl kitap" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_K%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1_Listesi" title="IUCN Kırmızı Listesi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IUCN Kırmızı Listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Червоний список Міжнародного союзу охорони природи – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Червоний список Міжнародного союзу охорони природи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="لال فہرست – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لال فہرست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qizil_kitob" title="Qizil kitob – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qizil kitob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ch_%C4%91%E1%BB%8F_IUCN" title="Sách đỏ IUCN – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sách đỏ IUCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Pula_nga_Listahan" title="IUCN Pula nga Listahan – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="IUCN Pula nga Listahan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95" title="国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ჭითა წინგი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭითა წინგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_%C3%82ng_Mi%C3%A2-toa%E2%81%BF" title="IUCN Âng Miâ-toaⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="IUCN Âng Miâ-toaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="IUCN紅色名錄 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="IUCN紅色名錄" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q32059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2004_IUCN_Red_List_Cover.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/1/1d/2004_IUCN_Red_List_Cover.gif/220px-2004_IUCN_Red_List_Cover.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/1/1d/2004_IUCN_Red_List_Cover.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="365" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">成立時間</th><td class="infobox-data note" style="">1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">總部</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">英国</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">服务地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">全球</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">官方語言</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">英语</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">隸屬</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">物種存續委員會、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%B3%A5%E7%9B%9F" title="國際鳥盟">國際鳥盟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B" title="保護國際">保護國際</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公益自然（页面不存在）">公益自然</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%92%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際植物園保護組織（页面不存在）">國際植物園保護組織</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%A4%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基尤皇家植物園（页面不存在）">基尤皇家植物園</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%86%9C%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="得克萨斯农工大学">得克萨斯农工大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="罗马大学">罗马大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="伦敦动物学会">伦敦动物学会</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E8%8D%A7%E5%B1%8F%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态荧屏基金会（页面不存在）">生态荧屏基金会</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">上級組織</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際自然保護聯盟">國際自然保護聯盟</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/">www<wbr />.iucnredlist<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32059#P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄</b>（或稱<b><span lang="en">IUCN</span>紅色名錄</b>，簡稱<b>紅皮書</b>）於1963年開始編製，是全球<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>物種<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E7%8F%BE%E7%8B%80" class="mw-redirect" title="保護現狀">保護現狀</a>最全面的名錄。此名錄由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際自然保護聯盟">國際自然保護聯盟</a>編製及維護。 </p><p><span lang="en">IUCN</span>紅色名錄是根據嚴格準則去評估數以千計<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="物種">物種</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亞種</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="絕種">絕種</a>風險所編製而成的。準則是根據物種及地區釐定，旨在向公眾及決策者反映保育工作的迫切性，並協助國際社會避免物種滅絕。 </p><p>主要的物種評估機構有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%B3%A5%E7%9B%9F" title="國際鳥盟">國際鳥盟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="世界保护监测中心">世界保护监测中心</a>及<span lang="en">IUCN</span>辖下<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%98%E7%BA%8C%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="物種存續委員會">物種存續委員會</a>內的專家團體。總括而言，上述團體所評估的物種數目佔整個紅色名錄接近一半。 </p><p><span lang="en">IUCN</span>紅色名錄被認定為對<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a>狀況最具權威的指標。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1963年國際自然保護聯盟下属的物种生存委员会(Species Survival Commission, SSC)提出编制濒危物种红皮书(Red Data Book)计划, 1966年以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BB%E9%A1%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="活页（页面不存在）">活页</a>方式出版了兽类和鸟类两卷，随后又出版了两栖爬行类、被子植物、淡水鱼类、无脊椎动物<sup id="cite_ref-biods.2022445_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biods.2022445-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>初期红皮书中对物种的评估只有定性标准，没有定量标准<sup id="cite_ref-biods.2022445_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biods.2022445-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1991年首次提出了量化标准，建议了3个受威胁等级<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1992年引入了未受威胁等级。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="公佈"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E4.BD.88"></span>公佈</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：公佈"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2008年更新的紅色名錄。估計總共物種數量有61,259種，評估了總共26,604種物種及2,160<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亞種</a>（<span lang="en">Subspecies</span>）、變種（<span lang="en">Variety</span>）、族系（<span lang="en">Stock</span>）、亞族（<span lang="en">Subpopulation</span>）。 </p><p>所有已評估物種中，共有16,928種被視為受威脅，當中有8,462種為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動物</a>，8,457種為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>，9種為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A3" title="地衣">地衣</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%87%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="菇類">菇類</a>。 </p><p>根據2022年七月發布的IUCN紅色名錄，所評估的147,517個物種當中，受威脅物種（即被列為極危、瀕危或易危的物種）已增加至41,459種。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>名錄中公佈了共804種自公元1500年起<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="絕種">絕種</a>的物種。與2000年公佈的766種比較，增加了38種。 </p><p>每年都有少量的「絕種」物種再次被發現，被撥入<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E8%B7%AF%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="拉撒路物種">拉撒路物種</a>（<span lang="en">Lazarus taxon</span>）（這是個古生物學名詞，指化石記錄中忽隱忽現的物種），或撥入數據缺乏（<span lang="en">DD</span>）級別之內。於2002年，絕種物種數量減少至759種，但後來又回升了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="保護級別"><span id=".E4.BF.9D.E8.AD.B7.E7.B4.9A.E5.88.A5"></span>保護級別</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：保護級別"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83973831">.mw-parser-output .conservation-status{width:20em}.mw-parser-output .conservation-status .sidebar-title{padding:0.5em 0;font-size:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .conservation-status .sidebar-heading{background:#da2a1c;color:#ffffff}.mw-parser-output .conservation-status .sidebar-content{text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0 0.4em 5em}.mw-parser-output .conservation-status .sidebar-below{padding:0.6em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks conservation-status plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">IUCN 紅色名錄</a>》物種瀕危等級</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 灭绝</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E7%81%AD" title="绝灭">絕滅（EX）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84%E7%B5%95%E6%BB%85%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="Category:IUCN紅色名錄絕滅物種">分類</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%A4%96%E7%BB%9D%E7%81%AD" title="野外绝灭">野外絕滅（EW）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84%E9%87%8E%E5%A4%96%E7%B5%95%E6%BB%85%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="Category:IUCN紅色名錄野外絕滅物種">分類</a>）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E5%A8%81%E8%84%85%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="受威脅物種"><span style="color:#FFF;">受威脅</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="極危物種">極危（CR）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84%E6%A5%B5%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="Category:IUCN紅色名錄極危物種">分類</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="瀕危物種">瀕危（EN）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="Category:IUCN紅色名錄瀕危物種">分類</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="易危物種">易危（VU）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95%E6%98%93%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="Category:IUCN红色名录易危物种">分類</a>）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%8D%B1" title="低危"><span style="color:#FFF;">低危（LR）</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%B3%B4%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2" title="依賴保育">依賴保育（CD）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="Category:IUCN红色名录依赖保育物种">分類</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="近危物种">近危（NT）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="Category:IUCN紅色名錄近危物種">分類</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="无危物种">無危（LC）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95%E6%97%A0%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="Category:IUCN红色名录无危物种">分類</a>）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 其他</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BC%BA%E4%B9%8F" title="数据缺乏">數據缺乏（DD）</a>（<a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BC%BA%E4%B9%8F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="Category:IUCN红色名录数据缺乏物种">分類</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E4%BA%88%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0" title="未予评估">未予評估（NE）</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Status_iucn2.3_zh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2.3版《IUCN红色名录》物种濒危等级"><img alt="2.3版《IUCN红色名录》物种濒危等级" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Status_iucn2.3_zh.svg/240px-Status_iucn2.3_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Status_iucn2.3_zh.svg/360px-Status_iucn2.3_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Status_iucn2.3_zh.svg/480px-Status_iucn2.3_zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><br />2.3版名錄（啟用於1994年）中的等級<br /><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Status_iucn3.1_zh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="3.1版《IUCN红色名录》物种濒危等级"><img alt="3.1版《IUCN红色名录》物种濒危等级" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Status_iucn3.1_zh.svg/240px-Status_iucn3.1_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Status_iucn3.1_zh.svg/360px-Status_iucn3.1_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Status_iucn3.1_zh.svg/480px-Status_iucn3.1_zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></a></span><br />3.1版名錄（啟用於2001年）中的等級，“依賴保育”及其父類別“低危”被取消</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="Template:保育状况"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="Template talk:保育状况"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:保育状况"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>2001年，Mace和Lande提出并制定了Mace-Lande物种濒危等级标准（IUCN3.1），IUCN物种生存委员会在此基础上经过反复修改，形成了《IUCN物种红色名录濒危等级和标准》（<i>Red List Categories and Criteria of Endangered Species</i>）<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>物種分類為9個級別，根據數目下降速度、物種總數、地理分佈、群族分散程度等準則分類。詳見<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E7%8F%BE%E7%8B%80" class="mw-redirect" title="保護現狀">保護現狀</a>的描述。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Status_iucn3.1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Status_iucn3.1.svg/240px-Status_iucn3.1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Status_iucn3.1.svg/360px-Status_iucn3.1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Status_iucn3.1.svg/480px-Status_iucn3.1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></a><figcaption>2006年的分類</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E7%81%AD" title="绝灭">绝灭</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>EX</b>, Extinct</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%A4%96%E7%BB%9D%E7%81%AD" title="野外绝灭">野外绝灭</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>EW</b>, Extinct in the Wild</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="極危物種">極危</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>CR</b>, Critically Endangered</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="瀕危物種">瀕危</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>EN</b>, Endangered</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="易危物種">易危</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>VU</b>, Vulnerable</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="近危物种">近危</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>NT</b>, Near Threatened</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="无危物种">無危</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>LC</b>, Least Concern</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BC%BA%E4%B9%8F" title="数据缺乏">数据缺乏</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>DD</b>, Data Deficient</span>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E4%BA%88%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="未予評估">未評估</a></b>（<span lang="en"><b>NE</b>, Not Evaluated</span>）</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Status_iucn2.3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Status_iucn2.3.svg/240px-Status_iucn2.3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Status_iucn2.3.svg/360px-Status_iucn2.3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Status_iucn2.3.svg/480px-Status_iucn2.3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>1994年的分類</figcaption></figure> <p>1994年所訂立的準則只有8個級別(IUCN2.3)，低危（<span lang="en">LR</span>）級別下再有3個子分類：近危（<span lang="en">nt</span>）、無危（<span lang="en">lc</span>）、保護依賴（<span lang="en">cd</span>），2001年準則更改，將上述組別歸入近危（<span lang="en">NT</span>）級別。 </p><p>當討論<span lang="en">IUCN</span>紅色名錄，「受威脅」（"<span lang="en">threatened"</span>）一詞是官方指定為以下3個級別的總稱：極危（<span lang="en">CR</span>）、瀕危（<span lang="en">EN</span>）及易危（<span lang="en">VU</span>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E7%81%AD" title="绝灭">绝灭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E7%8F%BE%E7%8B%80" class="mw-redirect" title="保護現狀">保護現狀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際自然保護聯盟">國際自然保護聯盟</a></li> 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-biods.2022445-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biods.2022445_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biods.2022445_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">解焱. IUCN受威胁物种红色名录进展及应用. 生物多样性. 2022, <b>30</b> (10): 66–83. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1005-0094"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1005-0094</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17520%2Fbiods.2022445"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.17520/biods.2022445</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/CNKI" class="mw-redirect" title="CNKI">CNKI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&filename=SWDY202210006">SWDY202210006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&rft.atitle=IUCN%E5%8F%97%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95%E8%BF%9B%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%8A%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8&rft.au=%E8%A7%A3%E7%84%B1&rft.date=2022&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1005-0094&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7&rft.pages=66-83&rft.volume=30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17520%2Fbiods.2022445&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mace, Georgina M.; Lande, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_1991-06_5_2/page/148">Assessing Extinction Threats: Toward a Reevaluation of IUCN Threatened Species Categories</a>. Conservation Biology. 1991-06, <b>5</b> (2): 148–157. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.1991.tb00119.x"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00119.x</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&rft.atitle=Assessing+Extinction+Threats%3A+Toward+a+Reevaluation+of+IUCN+Threatened+Species+Categories&rft.au=Lande%2C+Russell&rft.aufirst=Georgina+M.&rft.aulast=Mace&rft.date=1991-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.pages=148-157&rft.volume=5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_conservation-biology_1991-06_5_2%2Fpage%2F148&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.1991.tb00119.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/summary-statistics#Summary%20Tables">IUCN Red List version 2022-1: Table 1a</a>. IUCN. 2022-07-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-09-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201220135528/https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/summary-statistics#Summary%20Tables">存档</a>于2020-12-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&rft.btitle=IUCN+Red+List+version+2022-1%3A+Table+1a&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=IUCN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fresources%2Fsummary-statistics%23Summary%2520Tables&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">蒋志刚. 中国脊椎动物生存现状研究. 生物多样性. 2016, <b>24</b> (5): 495–499. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1005-0094"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1005-0094</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17520%2Fbiods.2016097"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.17520/biods.2016097</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/CNKI" class="mw-redirect" title="CNKI">CNKI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&filename=SWDY201605001">SWDY201605001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E8%92%8B%E5%BF%97%E5%88%9A&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1005-0094&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7&rft.pages=495-499&rft.volume=24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17520%2Fbiods.2016097&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> IUCN, 2008. 全球受威脅物種評論梗概（<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306194130/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/2008RL_stats_table_3a_v1223294385.pdf">[1]</a>，<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090320040141/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/2008RL_stats_table_3b_v1223294385.pdf">[2]</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> IUCN, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria/2001-categories-criteria">IUCN红色名录級別及準則（3.1版）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140924074135/http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria/2001-categories-criteria">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf">PDF文件</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101205051848/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>））</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> IUCN, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718222843/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994">IUCN红色名录級別及準則（2.3版）</a>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718222843/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994">https://web.archive.org/web/20060718222843/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994</a> IUCN红色名录�（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060718222843/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）�別及準則（2.3版）]</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> Rodrigues, A.S.L., Pilgrim, J.D., Lamoreaux, J.L., Hoffmann, M. & Brooks, T.M. 2006. The value of the IUCN Red List for conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21(2): 71-76.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VukyqMajAOU&feature=youtu.be">The IUCN Red List: A Barometer of Life</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210108222700/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VukyqMajAOU&feature=youtu.be">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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