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title="vanadium" href="../vanadium/history.html">V</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="chromium" href="../chromium/history.html">Cr</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="zirconium" href="../zirconium/history.html">Zr</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d">Nb</th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="molybdenum" href="../molybdenum/history.html">Mo</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="hafnium" href="../hafnium/history.html">Hf</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="tantalum" href="../tantalum/history.html">Ta</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="tungsten" href="../tungsten/history.html">W</a></th> </tr> </table> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div class="element_select_centre"><a class="imagelink" title="Switch to a different element from here" href="../index.html"><img class="" src="../_media/locs/Nb-loc.png" alt="Niobium location" /></a> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" 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href="../rutherfordium/history.html">Rutherfordium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../samarium/history.html">Samarium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../scandium/history.html">Scandium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../seaborgium/history.html">Seaborgium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../selenium/history.html">Selenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../silicon/history.html">Silicon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../silver/history.html">Silver</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../sodium/history.html">Sodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../strontium/history.html">Strontium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/history.html">Sulfur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/history.html">Sulphur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tantalum/history.html">Tantalum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../technetium/history.html">Technetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tellurium/history.html">Tellurium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tennessine/history.html">Tennessine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../terbium/history.html">Terbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../thallium/history.html">Thallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thorium/history.html">Thorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thulium/history.html">Thulium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tin/history.html">Tin</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../titanium/history.html">Titanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tungsten/history.html">Tungsten</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../uranium/history.html">Uranium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../vanadium/history.html">Vanadium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../xenon/history.html">Xenon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../ytterbium/history.html">Ytterbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../yttrium/history.html">Yttrium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zinc/history.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/history.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Nb.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Niobium - <sub>41</sub>Nb</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Nb.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button d_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Niobium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Ніобій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 鈮</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Niobium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Niobium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Niob</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 ניוביום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Niobio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 ニオブ</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Nióbio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Niobio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Niob</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Ниобий</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="d">Niobium - <sub><small>41</small></sub>Nb: historical information</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a href="../niobium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Nb Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../niobium/contents.html">List all Nb properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="teaser"> <ul class="ul_facts_table nobullets"> <li><strong><a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">Discoveror</a>:</strong> Charles Hatchett</li> <li><strong>Place of discovery:</strong> England</li> <li><strong>Date of discovery:</strong> 1801</li> <li><strong><a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">Origin of name</a> </strong>: from the Greek word "<em>Niobe</em>" meaning "<em>daughter of Tantalus</em>" (tantalum is closely related to niobium in the periodic table). </li> </ul> </div> <p class="p_first">Niobium was discovered in 1801 by Charles Hatchett in an ore called columbite sent to England in the 1750s by John Winthrop the Younger, the first goveror of Connecticut, USA. Hatchett called the new element columbium. He was not able to isolate the free element. There was then considerable confusion concerning the distinction between niobium and tantalum as they are so closely related. This confustion was resolved by Heinrich Rose, who named niobium, and Marignac in 1846. The name niobium is now used in place of the original name "columbium".</p> <p>The metal niobium was first prepared in 1864 by Blomstrand, who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere. </p> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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