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Los Angeles - Wikipedia

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title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Los_Angeles rootpage-Los_Angeles skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div 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vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="&#039;n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai &#039;n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&amp;returnto=Los+Angeles" title="U word aangemoedig om &#039;n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&amp;returnto=Los+Angeles" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&amp;returnto=Los+Angeles" title="U word aangemoedig om &#039;n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&amp;returnto=Los+Angeles" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geografiese_ligging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografiese_ligging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geografiese ligging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografiese_ligging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Geologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stigting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stigting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Stigting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stigting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laat_19de_eeuse_groeifase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laat_19de_eeuse_groeifase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Laat 19de eeuse groeifase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laat_19de_eeuse_groeifase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_vroeë_20ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_vroeë_20ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Die vroeë 20ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_vroeë_20ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiese_groeipunt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiese_groeipunt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ekonomiese groeipunt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiese_groeipunt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bevolkingsgroei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevolkingsgroei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Bevolkingsgroei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bevolkingsgroei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behuisingskrisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behuisingskrisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Behuisingskrisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behuisingskrisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huurbeheer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huurbeheer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Huurbeheer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huurbeheer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Openbare_behuising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Openbare_behuising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Openbare behuising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Openbare_behuising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oorsig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Oorsig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lugbesoedeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lugbesoedeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lugbesoedeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lugbesoedeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorvervaardiging_–_&#039;n_historiese_bedryf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorvervaardiging_–_&#039;n_historiese_bedryf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Motorvervaardiging – 'n historiese bedryf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorvervaardiging_–_&#039;n_historiese_bedryf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boukuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boukuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Boukuns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Boukuns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Boukuns subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Boukuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Garden_apartments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garden_apartments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Garden apartments</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garden_apartments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_Angeles_Freestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_Angeles_Freestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Los Angeles Freestyle</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_Angeles_Freestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Vervoer subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiese_ontwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Historiese ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huidige_situasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huidige_situasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Huidige situasie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huidige_situasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Padvervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Padvervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Padvervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Padvervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lugvervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lugvervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Lugvervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lugvervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Openbare_vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Openbare_vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Openbare vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Openbare_vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawefasiliteite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawefasiliteite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Hawefasiliteite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawefasiliteite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vermaak-_en_mediabedryf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vermaak-_en_mediabedryf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vermaak- en mediabedryf</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vermaak-_en_mediabedryf-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Vermaak- en mediabedryf subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vermaak-_en_mediabedryf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Die_rolprentbedryf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_rolprentbedryf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Die rolprentbedryf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_rolprentbedryf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gedrukte_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gedrukte_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Gedrukte media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gedrukte_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kultuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Kultuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groen_ruimtes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groen_ruimtes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Groen ruimtes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groen_ruimtes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Griffith_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Griffith_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Griffith Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Griffith_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_Angeles_se_dieretuin_en_botaniese_tuin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_Angeles_se_dieretuin_en_botaniese_tuin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Los Angeles se dieretuin en botaniese tuin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_Angeles_se_dieretuin_en_botaniese_tuin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Susterstede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susterstede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Susterstede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susterstede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Los Angeles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na &#039;n artikel in &#039;n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 224 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-224" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">224 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анџьелес – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Лос-Анџьелес" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8E%E1%88%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%84%E1%88%8C%E1%88%B5" title="ሎስ አንጄሌስ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሎስ አንጄሌስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Dsandgelis" title="Lōsandgelis – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lōsandgelis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لوس أنجلوس – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوس أنجلوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لوس أنجلوس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لوس أنجلوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="لوس انجليس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لوس انجليس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los-Anceles" title="Los-Anceles – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Los-Anceles" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لوس‌آنجلس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوس‌آنجلس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_And%C5%BEels" title="Los Andžels – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Los Andžels" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджэлес – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лос-Анджэлес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджэлес – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лос-Анджэлес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лос Анджелис – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лос Анджелис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="लॉस एंजिलिस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लॉस एंजिलिस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="লস অ্যাঞ্জেলেস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লস অ্যাঞ্জেলেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_(Kalifornia)" title="Los Angeles (Kalifornia) – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Los Angeles (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Fk-s%C4%83ng-g%C4%AD" title="Lŏk-săng-gĭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lŏk-săng-gĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B3_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3" title="لۆس ئانجلەس – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لۆس ئانجلەس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Anceles" title="Los Anceles – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Los Anceles" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="लस एन्जलस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लस एन्जलस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Λος Άντζελες – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λος Άντζελες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los-An%C4%9Deleso" title="Los-Anĝeleso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Los-Anĝeleso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Los Ángeles – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los Ángeles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Los Ángeles – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Los Ángeles" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لس آنجلس – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لس آنجلس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losi_Enijilisi" title="Losi Enijilisi – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Losi Enijilisi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Los Angeles, California" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF" title="洛杉磯 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="洛杉磯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_%C3%81nxeles" title="Os Ánxeles – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Os Ánxeles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A4%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لؤس آنجلس – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="لؤس آنجلس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Los Ángeles – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Los Ángeles" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌴𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌴𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%B8" title="લોસ એન્જેલસ – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લોસ એન્જેલસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="לוס אנג&#039;לס – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוס אנג&#039;לס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="लॉस एंजेलिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लॉस एंजेलिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Los Angeles, California" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_Kalif%C3%B2ni" title="Los Angeles, Kalifòni – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Los Angeles, Kalifòni" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Լոս Անջելես – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոս Անջելես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A8%D5%BD" title="Լոս Անճելըս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լոս Անճելըս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" title="ロサンゼルス – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロサンゼルス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Anjiliiz" title="Las Anjiliiz – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Las Anjiliiz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლოს-ანჯელესი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლოს-ანჯელესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los-Andjeles" title="Los-Andjeles – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Los-Andjeles" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%94s%C9%A9_Anzel%C9%9Bs%C9%A9" title="Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос Анжелес – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лос Анжелес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="ឡូស​អាន់​ជ័រ​លេស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឡូស​អាន់​ជ័រ​លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಾಸ್ ಎಂಜಲೀಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಾಸ್ ಎಂಜಲೀಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4%EC%95%A4%EC%A0%A4%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="로스앤젤레스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로스앤젤레스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%9A%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%90%D8%B3" title="لاس ایٚنٛجلِس – Kasjmirs" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لاس ایٚنٛجلِس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmirs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анжелес – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лос-Анжелес" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelopolis" title="Angelopolis – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Angelopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Anjeles_(Kalifornia)" title="Los Anjeles (Kalifornia) – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Los Anjeles (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_And%C5%BEelas" title="Los Andželas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Los Andželas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losand%C5%BEelosa" title="Losandželosa – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Losandželosa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="लस एन्जलस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लस एन्जलस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C4%81_%C4%80nahera" title="Ngā Ānahera – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ngā Ānahera" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос Анџелес – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лос Анџелес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോസ് ആഞ്ചെലെസ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോസ് ആഞ്ചെലെസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анжелес – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лос-Анжелес" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="लॉस एंजेलस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॉस एंजेलस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="လော့စ်အိန်ဂျယ်လိစ်မြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လော့စ်အိန်ဂျယ်လိစ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لوس آنجلس – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لوس آنجلس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="लस एन्जलस – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लस एन्जलस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="लस एञ्जिलस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लस एञ्जिलस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ah%C3%A9%C3%A9h%C3%A1sh%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81h_(kin_haal%CA%BC%C3%A1)" title="Ahééháshį́į́h (kin haalʼá) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ahééháshį́į́h (kin haalʼá)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲਾਸ ਐਂਜਲਸ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਸ ਐਂਜਲਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Los Angeles, California" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لاس اینجلس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لاس اینجلس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لاس انجلس – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لاس انجلس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос Анджелес – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лос Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="लास एंजलस – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लास एंजलस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос Андьелес – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лос Андьелес" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱞᱚᱥ ᱮᱧᱡᱮᱞᱥ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱚᱥ ᱮᱧᱡᱮᱞᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لاس اينجلس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لاس اينجلس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Anxheles" title="Los Anxheles – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Los Anxheles" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос Анђелес – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лос Анђелес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="லாஸ் ஏஞ்சலஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லாஸ் ஏஞ்சலஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="లాస్ ఏంజలెస్ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లాస్ ఏంజలెస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос Анҷелес – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лос Анҷелес" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ลอสแอนเจลิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลอสแอนเจลิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los-Anjeles" title="Los-Anjeles – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Los-Anjeles" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_An%C4%8Deles" title="Los Ančeles – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Los Ančeles" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D8%B4" title="لوس ئنجېلېش – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لوس ئنجېلېش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос-Анджелес – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лос-Анджелес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="لاس اینجلس – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاس اینجلس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los-Anjeles" title="Los-Anjeles – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Los-Anjeles" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_And%C5%BEeles" title="Los Andželes – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Los Andželes" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%9F%B6" title="洛杉矶 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="洛杉矶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლოს-ანჯელესი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლოს-ანჯელესი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="לאס אנדזשעלעס – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאס אנדזשעלעס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Los Angeles" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%9F%B6" title="洛杉矶 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="洛杉矶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF" title="洛杉磯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="洛杉磯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%CC%8Dk-sam-ki" title="Lo̍k-sam-ki – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lo̍k-sam-ki" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF" title="洛杉磯 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="洛杉磯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Los_Angeles" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Los_Angeles" title="&#039;n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Los_Angeles" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="&#039;n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;oldid=2692909" title="&#039;n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Los_Angeles&amp;id=2692909&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLos_Angeles"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLos_Angeles"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Los+Angeles"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Los_Angeles&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;"> <p><b>City of Los Angeles</b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/LA.jpg/280px-LA.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/LA.jpg/420px-LA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/LA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="549" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999"> <td><b>Kaart</b> </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><b>Seël</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white"> <td rowspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LA_County_Incorporated_Areas_Los_Angeles_highlighted.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/LA_County_Incorporated_Areas_Los_Angeles_highlighted.svg/180px-LA_County_Incorporated_Areas_Los_Angeles_highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/LA_County_Incorporated_Areas_Los_Angeles_highlighted.svg/270px-LA_County_Incorporated_Areas_Los_Angeles_highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/LA_County_Incorporated_Areas_Los_Angeles_highlighted.svg/360px-LA_County_Incorporated_Areas_Los_Angeles_highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Seal_of_Los_Angeles.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_Los_Angeles.svg/75px-Seal_of_Los_Angeles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_Los_Angeles.svg/113px-Seal_of_Los_Angeles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_Los_Angeles.svg/150px-Seal_of_Los_Angeles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"><b>Vlag</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Los_Angeles,_California.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg/90px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg/135px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg/180px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Land</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b><a href="/wiki/Deelstate_van_die_Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Deelstate van die Verenigde State van Amerika">Deelstaat</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_California.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/46px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië">Kalifornië</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b><a href="/wiki/County_(Verenigde_State)" title="County (Verenigde State)">County</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Koördinate</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output 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#999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Gestig op</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/4_September" title="4 September">4 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Geïnkorporeer op</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/4_April" title="4 April">4 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Oppervlakte:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Totaal </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">1&#160;301,970 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vk km</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Hoogte bo seevlak</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">71&#160;m </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Bevolking:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Totaal (City of LA 2015) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">4&#160;031&#160;000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Bevolkingsdigtheid </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">3&#160;096/vk km </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Metropolitaanse gebied </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">15&#160;250&#160;000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- <i>Combined statistical area (CSA)</i> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">17&#160;786&#160;419 </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Tydsone</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">PST (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> -8) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;- <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">PDT (UTC -7) </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Klimaat</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Tipe </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Subtropiese klimaat </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">16,5&#160;°C </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Gem. temp. Januarie/Julie </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">12,5 / 20,3&#160;°C </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslae </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">379,2&#160;mm </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Burgemeester</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Karen Bass (<a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Party_(Verenigde_State)" title="Demokratiese Party (Verenigde State)">D</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Amptelike webwerf</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lacity.org/"><i>lacity.org</i></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Los Angeles</b> (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>: [lɒs ˈændʒələs], <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/En-us-los-angeles.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-los-angeles.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:En-us-los-angeles.ogg" title="Lêer:En-us-los-angeles.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a>: [los ˈaŋxeles], letterlik: "die Engele") is 'n groot, uitgestrekte <a href="/wiki/Metropool" title="Metropool">metropool</a> aan die weskus van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a> en die administratiewe setel van die <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles-distrik</a> (<i>Los Angeles County</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Suid-Kalifornië">Suid-Kalifornië</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Echo_Park_Lake_with_Downtown_Los_Angeles_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Echo_Park_Lake_with_Downtown_Los_Angeles_Skyline.jpg/220px-Echo_Park_Lake_with_Downtown_Los_Angeles_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Echo_Park_Lake_with_Downtown_Los_Angeles_Skyline.jpg/330px-Echo_Park_Lake_with_Downtown_Los_Angeles_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Echo_Park_Lake_with_Downtown_Los_Angeles_Skyline.jpg/440px-Echo_Park_Lake_with_Downtown_Los_Angeles_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3974" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption>Echo Park Lake op 'n helder Desemberoggend, met die silhoeët van Downtown Los Angeles teen die agtergrond</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Downtown_LA_at_night_(4284824408).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Downtown_LA_at_night_%284284824408%29.jpg/220px-Downtown_LA_at_night_%284284824408%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Downtown_LA_at_night_%284284824408%29.jpg/330px-Downtown_LA_at_night_%284284824408%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Downtown_LA_at_night_%284284824408%29.jpg/440px-Downtown_LA_at_night_%284284824408%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>'n Nagtelike uitsig oor die middestad</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aerial_Getty_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Aerial_Getty_Museum.jpg/220px-Aerial_Getty_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Aerial_Getty_Museum.jpg/330px-Aerial_Getty_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Aerial_Getty_Museum.jpg/440px-Aerial_Getty_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Stad van kuns en kultuur: Getty Center in die Santa Monica-berge. Die Kaliforniese sonlig skitter tussen sonop en sononder in alle skakerings van wit op die fasades van Italiaanse travertyn</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Interior_of_the_Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel-24651397143.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Interior_of_the_Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel-24651397143.jpg/220px-Interior_of_the_Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel-24651397143.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Interior_of_the_Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel-24651397143.jpg/330px-Interior_of_the_Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel-24651397143.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Interior_of_the_Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel-24651397143.jpg/440px-Interior_of_the_Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel-24651397143.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5325" data-file-height="3505" /></a><figcaption>Millennium Biltmore Hotel, sedert 1923 'n gunsteling-verblyfplek vir staatshoofde en rolprentsterre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Disney_Concert_Hall_(10920404614).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Disney_Concert_Hall_%2810920404614%29.jpg/220px-Disney_Concert_Hall_%2810920404614%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Disney_Concert_Hall_%2810920404614%29.jpg/330px-Disney_Concert_Hall_%2810920404614%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Disney_Concert_Hall_%2810920404614%29.jpg/440px-Disney_Concert_Hall_%2810920404614%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Walt Disney Concert Hall: ouditorium</figcaption></figure> <p>Die stad is in 1781 deur die <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spaanse</a> kaptein Rivera y Moncada onder die naam <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles de la Porciúncula</i> ("Stad van Onse Dame, Koningin van die Engele van die Porciúncularivier" – die nedersetting se presiese naam kan deur geskiedkundiges tans nie bepaal word nie<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) met elf Spaanse gesinne (altesaam 44 siele) langs die Los Angeles-rivier gestig, maar dit is eers op 4 April 1850 – vyf maande voordat <a href="/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië">Kalifornië</a> amptelik tot die Unie toegelaat is – as 'n munisipaliteit geïnkorporeer. </p><p>Los Angeles is by verre die grootste stedelike nedersetting in <a href="/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië">Kalifornië</a>, en sedert 1990, toe dit die tradisionele <i>Second City</i> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> verbygesteek het, op een na die grootste metropool in die Verenigde State, met 'n inwonertal wat in 2015 vir die eerste keer in sy geskiedenis die viermiljoenkerf verbygesteek het. Die metropolitaanse gebied van Los Angeles (wat naas Los Angeles ook die distrikte San Bernardino, Riverside, Ventura en Orange County bevat) huisves 'n bevolking van meer as 17 miljoen met uiteenlopende etniese en ekonomiese agtergronde. Die stad is in die 20ste eeu as die prototipe van 'n toekomstige metropool beskou wat alle voor- en nadele van 'n uitgestrekte metropolitaanse gebied in hom verenig het. </p><p>Die stad, waarvan die naam dikwels afgekort word tot <i>LA</i>, is 'n wêreldsentrum vir sake en internasionale <a href="/wiki/Handel_(ekonomie)" title="Handel (ekonomie)">handel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermaak" title="Vermaak">vermaak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kultuur" title="Kultuur">kultuur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_(kommunikasie)" title="Media (kommunikasie)">media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mode" title="Mode">mode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetenskap" title="Wetenskap">wetenskap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tegnologie" title="Tegnologie">tegnologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Onderwys" title="Onderwys">onderwys</a>. Dit is die setel van bekende professionele liggame, kulturele organisasies en tersiêre onderwysinstellings soos die <i>University of Southern California</i> en die <i>University of California</i> en een van die kragtigste ekonomiese spilpunte in die VSA. </p><p>Los Angeles word gelys as die wêreld se derde welvarendste en vyfde magtigste en invloedrykste metropool wat in die VSA net deur <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Stad">New York</a> oortref word. Die gekombineerde statistieke gebied (<i>combined statistical area, CSA</i>) van Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim sal in 2020 na beraming 'n bruto metropolitaanse produk van $1207,3 miljard genereer wat van die stad die tweede grootste ekonomiese sentrum in die Verenigde State na die metropolitaanse gebied van New York maak.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Met <a href="/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood">Hollywood</a> het Los Angeles daarnaas tot die "Wêreldhoofstad van Vermaak" ontwikkel en speel steeds 'n leidende rol in die <a href="/wiki/Rolprent" title="Rolprent">rolprent</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Televisie" title="Televisie">televisie</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Videospeletjie" title="Videospeletjie">videospeletjie</a>- en musiekbedryf, al word die meeste belangrike ateljees tans in die stadsdeel Burbank aangetref. Die belangrikheid van die plaaslike vermaakbedryf maak van Los Angeles en sy voorstede gewilde woonplekke vir bekende vermaakpersoonlikhede. </p><p>Die betowering van die Amerikaanse Droomfabriek, Hollywood, Hollywood Boulevard met sy beroemde <i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Walk of Fame</a></i>, Sunset Strip, en <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Beverly Hills, Kalifornië">Beverly Hills</a>, asook die natuurskoon van sy strande het van Los Angeles die sinnebeeld van die Kaliforniese droom gemaak en tot sy vinnige groei bygedra. Dekades lank was Los Angeles se stadsgeskiedenis 'n verhaal van suksesvolle selfbemarking en grootskaalse binnemigrasie. Aanvanklik was die droom van vryheid en onafhanklikheid beperk tot 'n klein laag welvarendes. </p><p>Kort voor lank het die stad 'n trekpleister vir honderdduisende Amerikaners uit die Middelweste geword wat 'n voorstedelike lewe in die enkelgesinshuise van Southland, die sonnige suide van Kalifornië, kon bekostig, vry van die beperkings wat 'n lewe in die digbevolkte Amerikaanse metropole van die Ooskus hulle sou opgelê het. Uiteindelik het Los Angeles ook 'n toevlugsoord vir ontworteldes geword wat slagoffers van die <i>Dust Bowl</i>, een van die grootste natuurrampe in die geskiedenis van die VSA, geword het, en met niks meer as hul motors, vol gepak met hul besittings, hier aangekom het. </p><p>Die stadsgebied, wat deur 'n netwerk van oënskynlik eindelose snelweë deurkruis word, behels 'n groot verskeidenheid boustyle wat van die stadsentrum met sy wolkekrabbers tot luukse villas in die klowe van die omgewing strek. Sy bewoners, na wie in die Verenigde State as <i>Angelenos</i> verwys word, geniet 'n gematigde en sonnige klimaat, ook in die <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a>. Groen ruimtes en strande langs die Stille Oseaan-kuslyn soos <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles" title="Venice, Los Angeles">Venice-</a> en Huntington Beach is gewilde ontspanningsplekke. Disneyland is ook in die buurt van Los Angeles en was die eerste vermaaklikheidspark van sy soort. Los Angeles het as gasheerstad van die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1932" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1932">Olimpiese Somerspele van 1932</a> en <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1984" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1984">1984</a> opgetree en sal naas <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parys</a> in <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_2028" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 2028">2028</a> die derde stad wees wat vir 'n derde keer as gasheerstad vir die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele" title="Olimpiese Somerspele">Olimpiese Somerspele</a> optree.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Felipe_de_Neve_(Gobernador_de_las_Californias).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Felipe_de_Neve_%28Gobernador_de_las_Californias%29.png/170px-Felipe_de_Neve_%28Gobernador_de_las_Californias%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Felipe_de_Neve_%28Gobernador_de_las_Californias%29.png/255px-Felipe_de_Neve_%28Gobernador_de_las_Californias%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Felipe_de_Neve_%28Gobernador_de_las_Californias%29.png/340px-Felipe_de_Neve_%28Gobernador_de_las_Californias%29.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption>Felipe de Neve, stigter van Los Angeles en vierde goewerneur van Kalifornië</figcaption></figure> <p>Op 4 September 1781 het 'n groep van 44 setlaars, bekend as die <i>Los Pobladores</i> ("die inwoners") die <i>pueblo</i> ("stad") gestig wat hulle <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles</i> ("Die Dorp van Onse Liewe Vrou, die Koningin van die Engele") genoem het.<sup id="cite_ref-almanac_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almanac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die oorspronklike naam van die nedersetting is onduidelik; die <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> gee dit weer as <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula</i> ("Die Dorp van Onse Liewe Vrou, die Koningin van die Engele van Porciúncula");<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ander bronne gee verkorte of alternatiewe weergawes van die langer naam.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geografiese_ligging">Geografiese ligging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografiese ligging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografiese ligging"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg/220px-Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg/330px-Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg/440px-Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2063" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van die Los Angeles-bekken</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg/220px-LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg/330px-LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg/440px-LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Die stadshorison van Los Angeles teen die agtergrond van die San Gabriel Mountains</figcaption></figure> <p>Die stadskern van Los Angeles en 'n vyftigtal voorstede<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – met 'n totale beboude gebied van meer as 6&#160;000&#160;km² – lê uitgestrek oor 'n wye woestynvlakte temidde van 'n heuwelagtige kusgebied met dig beboste uitlopers van bergreekse, teen 'n gemiddelde hoogte van 32 meter bo seevlak. Die stad grens in die weste en suide aan die Santa Monica-baai van die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a>. Los Angeles word in die ooste en noorde deur bergreekse omring. Noord van Los Angeles lê ook die San Fernando-vallei, wat sowat een derde van die inwoners huisves. Die vallei word deur die Griffithpark en die Santa Monica-berge afgesny van Hollywood en die stadsentrum. </p><p>Die administratiewe stadsgebied van Los Angeles strek oor 1&#160;290,6 vierkante kilometer (71 kilometer in noord-suidelike en 47 kilometer in oos-westelike rigting), en die stadswyke en voorstede word deur 'n moderne stelsel van snelpaaie met mekaar verbind. Los Angeles se bevolking is die mees gemotoriseerde ter wêreld, maar dit bring mee dat skadelike uitlaatgasse van motors en nywerhede lankal tot een van die kwellendste probleme van die stad ontwikkel het. </p><p>Soms word na Los Angeles as 'n "horisontale stad" verwys, aangesien daar min <a href="/wiki/Wolkekrabber" title="Wolkekrabber">wolkekrabbers</a> is en die stadsgebied oor 'n groot oppervlakte uitgebrei het. Grondpryse begin nou egter ook in die stadsentrum die hoogte inskiet en bevorder die oprigting van 'n groter aantal toringgeboue. Los Angeles is allesbehalwe 'n stad in die oorspronklike betekenis van die term, maar eerder 'n konglomeraat van kleiner en groter nedersettings wat almal hul spesifieke karakter ontwikkel het. Die stad deel 'n besondere aspek van sy groei met <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> en "Metroland", die Britse hoofstad se uitgestrekte voorstadsones wat eers deur die bou van 'n uitgebreide moltreinnetwerk vir pendelaars ontsluit is. Los Angeles se voorstede het hul ontstaan eweneens aan die bou van 'n gesofistikeede openbare vervoerstelsel en – later – aan die mobiliteit te danke wat motors en 'n uitgebreide padnetwerk aan inwoners verskaf het. </p><p>Die skertsende opmerking dat Los Angeles niks meer sou wees as "'n mengelmoes voorstede op soek na 'n middestad" nie mag bevraagteken word aangesien daar altyd 'n middestad was. Maar anders as Manhattan (geleë op 'n eiland) of Philadelphia (ingeperk tussen twee riviere) of Chicago (waar 'n meer uitbreiding beperk) kon eiendomsontwikkelaars in Los Angeles weswaarts uitbrei soos hulle dit goedgedunk het sonder om bestaande strukture te vernietig.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar is 173 onafhanklike stede in die metropolitaanse gebied van Los Angeles, wat die <i>counties</i> (distrikte) Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, Ventura en Orange bevat. Die gebied strek tot by die grens van die deelstaat <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> en het 'n totale oppervlakte van 87&#160;972 vierkante kilometer. Slegs 'n klein gedeelte hiervan is beboude gebiede. Die grootste deel van die oppervlakte word deur onbewoonde gedeeltes van die Mojave-woestyne en die Nasionale Joshua Treepark in die <i>counties</i> Riverside en San Bernardino beslaan. </p><p>Los Angeles is in topografiese opsig die enigste Amerikaanse metropool wat deur 'n bergreeks in twee helftes verdeel word. Mount Lukens in die noordoostelike uithoeke van die San Fernando-vallei, wat ook as Sister Elsie Peak bekend staan, is met 'n hoogte van 1&#160;548 meter bo seevlak die hoogste bergpiek in die stadsgebied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geologie">Geologie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Geologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Angeles_City_Hall_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_20.jpg/220px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_20.jpg/330px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_20.jpg/440px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Die ikoniese Raadsaal van Los Angeles is van 'n wit terracotta- en granietfasade voorsien. Die toring is ontwerp as 'n 20ste eeuse weergawe van die <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_van_Halikarnassos" title="Mausoleum van Halikarnassos">Mausoleum van Halikarnassos</a>, een van die antieke <a href="/wiki/Sewe_wonders_van_die_w%C3%AAreld" title="Sewe wonders van die wêreld">Sewe wonders van die wêreld</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Capitol_Records_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Capitol_Records_sunset.jpg/220px-Capitol_Records_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Capitol_Records_sunset.jpg/330px-Capitol_Records_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Capitol_Records_sunset.jpg/440px-Capitol_Records_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3034" data-file-height="4168" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>-gebou in Hollywood, ontwerp om soos 'n stapel plate te lyk, is een van talle strukture wat oor 'n aktiewe breuklyn opgerig is</figcaption></figure> <p>Teen die oostelike rand van die metropolitaanse gebied loop die <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas-breuk" title="San Andreas-breuk">San Andreas-breuk</a>, net sowat 30&#160;myl van Los Angeles se middestad af.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tektoniese spanning bou deurgaans op as die Pasifiese of Stille Oseaanplaat, waarop Los Angeles en Orange County geleë is, in 'n noordwestelike rigting beweeg en teen die Noord-Amerikaanse plaat skuif wat in 'n suidoostelike rigting beweeg. Die gevaar van <a href="/wiki/Aardbewing" title="Aardbewing">aardbewings</a>, wat hieruit voortspruit, het tot streng bouvoorskrifte in Suid-Kalifornië gelei. Los Angeles is sedert 1800 deur nege groot aardbewings met 'n intensiteit van ses of meer op die <a href="/wiki/Richterskaal" title="Richterskaal">Richterskaal</a> en duisende kleiner bewings geskud. 'n Groot aantal geboue is versterk om hulle so goed moontlik bestand te maak teen aardbewings. </p><p>Tot 1958 is geboue beperk tot 'n maksimumhoogte van 45 meter of 14 verdiepings. Die enigste uitsondering was die raadsaal uit die jaar 1928 met 'n hoogte van 128 meter. Veiliger geboue het hierdie wet later oorbodig gemaak. Naas die bedreiging deur aardbewings was ook die konsep van 'n <a href="/wiki/Tuinstad" title="Tuinstad">tuinstad</a> en minder verdigte stadswyke die dryfveer agter hierdie wet. Uiteindelik het dit die bestendige uitbreiding van die stadsgebied bevorder. </p><p><i>California Geological Survey</i> het laat in 2014 vir die eerste keer in twee dekades 'n amptelike finale kaart van die Hollywood-breuklynsone asook materiaal ten opsigte van beraamde breuklyne vrygestel sodat 'n aardbewing-breuklynsone volgens Kaliforniese wet vasgestel kon word. Die presiese verloop van die Hollywood-breuklyn kon op baie plekke nie presies bepaal word nie. Daar moet ook rekening gehou word met uitlopers van die hooflyn. Vir elke beplande gebou moet die ondergrond ondersoek en seismiese toetse gedoen word. </p><p>Eiendomsontwikkelaars, wat nuwe projekte in Los Angeles beplan, moet bewys lewer dat hulle geen gebou oor 'n bestaande breuklyn oprig nie.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die nuwe kaartmateriaal het geen betrekking op bestaande geboue nie, behalwe vir beplande uitbreidings. Volgens beramings is sowat 12&#160;000 eiendomme in Los Angeles binne 'n afstand van vyfhonderd voet aan weerskante van die nuut bepaalde breuklyne geleë, waaronder ikoniese geboue soos die Capitol Records-toringgebou in Hollywood, die Mondrian- en Standard-hotelle in West Hollywood, drie elementêre skole, 'n kollege vir uitvoerende kunste asook Immaculate Heart High School en Middle School. Moderne ingenieurswese bied geen oplossing aan waardeur strukture grondbewegings in teenoorgestelde rigtings sal kan weerstaan nie. </p><p>'n Vroeë seismiese waarskuwingstelsel vir die Amerikaanse Weskus word deur die <i>U.S. Geological Survey</i>, die VSA se leidende agentskap vir navorsing en waarneming van aardbewings, ontwikkel. Hierdie soort stelsels funksioneer volgens 'n eenvoudige beginsel – seismiese golwe beweeg teen die spoed van klank deur gesteentes en sodoende stadiger as moderne kommunikasiestelsels. 'n 7.8 magnitude-aardbewing wat in die <a href="/wiki/Saltonmeer" title="Saltonmeer">Saltonmeer</a>, sowat 150&#160;myl van die middestad af, begin en langs die San Andreas-breuklyn (die langste in Kalifornië) beweeg, sal Los Angeles eers ná sowat een minuut tref – genoeg tyd om bewoners teen die dreigende gevaar te waarsku.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sommige geboue in Los Angeles is reeds van oudio-waarskuwingstelsels voorsien wat bewoners of werknemers vooraf teen dreigende gevare kan waarsku – tussen enkele sekondes of meer as 'n minuut voordat 'n groot aardbewing se skuddings begin. Daar is ook stelsels wat hysbakke outomaties op die naaste verdieping stopsit sodat gebruikers nie daarin sal vassit nie. </p><p>Ondanks alle tegnologiese vooruitgang is dit onmoontlik om te voorspel watter strukturele skade 'n sterk aardbewing uiteindelik sal aanrig. Besoekers word, net soos inheemses, in die onwaarskynlike geval van 'n aardbewing aangeraai om op 'n veilige afstand te bly van groot glasvoorwerpe soos vensters of glasfasades en skuiling te soek onder massiewe tafels of deurrame. </p><p>Terwyl 'n groot aardbewing 'n geskatte 1&#160;800 menselewens sal kan eis, bly die herstelling van beskadigde infrastruktuur die grootste uitdaging. Veral watervoorsiening is kwesbaar. Ná die Northridge-aardbewing van 1994 was bewoners vir 'n maksimum van twee weke van watervoorsiening afgesny. In die geval van 'n massiewe aardbewing sal herstelwerk tot ses maande kan neem.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een van die belangrikste waterreservoirs aan Los Angeles se kant van die San Andreas-breuklyn, die <i>Headworks Reservoir</i>, is tien myl vanaf Altadena en die Sierra Madre-breuklyn naby Burbank geleë. Dit bestaan uit twee massiewe betonbekkens wat bestand is teen sterk aardskuddings, met 'n totale kapasiteit van 110 miljoen gellings (meer as 500 miljoen liter). Dit sal inwoners tydens 'n noodtoestand van water kan voorsien sonder dat dramatiese ontruimings noodsaaklik word. Ander maatreëls sluit die vervanging van duisende myl se waterpype, wat die Headworks Reservoirs met stedelike verbruiksgebiede verbind, met nuwe soorte pype wat eweneens meer bestand is teen aardbewings. Een van hierdie projekte, die <i>Foothill Trunk Line</i> in die San Fernandovallei, kruis die San Fernando-breuklyn, maar is ontwerp om saam met aardverskuiwings van tot tien voet te beweeg sonder dat dit breek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Grand_Park_and_Los_Angeles_City_Hall-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Grand_Park_and_Los_Angeles_City_Hall-3.jpg/220px-Grand_Park_and_Los_Angeles_City_Hall-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Grand_Park_and_Los_Angeles_City_Hall-3.jpg/330px-Grand_Park_and_Los_Angeles_City_Hall-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Grand_Park_and_Los_Angeles_City_Hall-3.jpg/440px-Grand_Park_and_Los_Angeles_City_Hall-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5407" data-file-height="3605" /></a><figcaption>Grand Park in April, met die <i>City Hall</i> op die agtergrond</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Angeles_Pollution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Los_Angeles_Pollution.jpg/400px-Los_Angeles_Pollution.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Los_Angeles_Pollution.jpg/600px-Los_Angeles_Pollution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Los_Angeles_Pollution.jpg/800px-Los_Angeles_Pollution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>'n Uitsig oor Los Angeles in rookmis gehul, soos gesien vanaf die Hollywood Hills. Links is die <a href="/wiki/Griffith-sterrewag" title="Griffith-sterrewag">Griffith-sterrewag</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Los Angeles lê in die subtropiese klimaatsone. Die gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur is 16,5&#160;°C en die gemiddelde jaarlikse reënval 295 millimeter. Augustus is die warmste maand met 'n gemiddelde temperatuur van 20,8&#160;°C, Januarie die koudste met 'n gemiddelde van 12,5&#160;°C. <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">Reënval</a> is gewoonlik beperk tot die tydperk tussen November en April. Die maande tussen Mei en Oktober word deur droë weerstoestande gekenmerk. </p><p>Die ligging digby die Stille Oseaan en winde, wat vanuit die see waai, skep 'n aangename klimaat in die <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somer</a>, wanneer die kwik tot by 28&#160;°C styg. Die wintermaande is kouer, alhoewel dagtemperature gewoonlik nie benede 15&#160;°C daal nie. Nagtemperature is sowat 10&#160;°C laer en die lugvogtigheid beloop tussen 50 en 75 persent. </p><p>Hittegolwe met temperature tot by 40&#160;°C kom gereeld elke twee jaar voor en word veroorsaak deur die sogenaamde Santa-Ana-winde, wat uit die gelyknamige woestyn oos van die stad waai. </p><p>In die tydperk tussen 1940 en die 1990's het die gemiddelde temperature in die stadsgebied met 5&#160;°F gestyg. Hierdie ontwikkeling word egter nie aan <a href="/wiki/Aardverwarming" title="Aardverwarming">aardverwarming</a> toegeskryf nie, maar eerder aan die dramatiese verlies van boorde en landbougebiede wat plek moes maak vir nuwe paaie en geboue. Hoe groter die totale beboude oppervlak van <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a> en asfalt word, hoe meer sonenergie word geabsorbeer. As gevolg hiervan het die <a href="/wiki/Atmosfeer" title="Atmosfeer">atmosfeer</a> in die omgewing warmer geword en is 'n massiewe "stedelike warmte-eiland" geskep. Volgens wetenskaplike studies sal 'n massiewe boomplantingsprogram in die San Fernando-vallei van stapel gestuur moet word om die gemiddelde temperature met tot 5&#160;°C te laat daal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Weergegewens vir Los Angeles</span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="Januarie" style="width:3em">Jan </th> <th title="Februarie" style="width:3em">Feb </th> <th title="Maart" style="width:3em">Mar </th> <th title="April" style="width:3em">Apr </th> <th title="Mei" style="width:3em">Mei </th> <th title="Junie" style="width:3em">Jun </th> <th title="Julie" style="width:3em">Jul </th> <th title="Augustus" style="width:3em">Aug </th> <th title="September" style="width:3em">Sep </th> <th title="Oktober" style="width:3em">Okt </th> <th title="November" style="width:3em">Nov </th> <th title="Desember" style="width:3em">Des </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">29,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,8 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">24,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,6 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">13,1 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Neerslag (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">79,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #3C50FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">96,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">61,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">59,2 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #B4C8FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">379,2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Reëndae (<a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>35,7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"><i>Bron: World Weather Information Service<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stigting">Stigting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Stigting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Stigting"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Downtown_LA_from_GP_Obs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Downtown_LA_from_GP_Obs.jpg/220px-Downtown_LA_from_GP_Obs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Downtown_LA_from_GP_Obs.jpg/330px-Downtown_LA_from_GP_Obs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Downtown_LA_from_GP_Obs.jpg/440px-Downtown_LA_from_GP_Obs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2730" /></a><figcaption>Die middestad van Los Angeles, soos gesien vanuit die Griffith Park-sterrewag</figcaption></figure> <p>Los Angeles is op 4 September 1781 deur die Spaanse goewerneur van Kalifornië, Felipe de Neve, as 'n <i>pueblo</i> ('n Spaanse vakterm wat na 'n burgerlike nedersetting verwys – in teenstelling met godsdienstige sendingstasies of <i>misiones</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> en militêre buiteposte of <i>presidios</i> wat opgerig is ter beskerming van <i>pueblos</i> en <i>misiones</i> teen buitelandse invallers of inheemses wat ontevrede was met die sendingstelsel<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) met 44 setlaars op die gebied van die Tongvá-<a href="/wiki/Indiane" title="Indiane">Indiane</a> gestig. Destyds was veeteelt die hoofbron van inkomste vir die bewoners. </p><p>Die naam Los Angeles is van Spaanse oorsprong en beteken letterlik "die engele". Dit is 'n verkorting van die oorspronklike <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula</i> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>: "Die Dorp van Onse Liewe Vrou, die Koningin van die Engele van Porciúncula"). </p><p>In 1835 het die Meksikaanse regering stadstatus aan Los Angeles toegeken; gelyktydig is die nedersetting verhef tot hoofstad van Alta California, die mees noordelike gewes van <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>. Die bevolking het tot by die jaar 1836 tot 2&#160;228 gegroei, maar daarna weer 'n tyd lank gekrimp. Los Angeles was tot by die middel van die 19de eeu 'n Meksikaanse munisipaliteit met 'n bevolking wat oorwegend uit Amerikaanse setlaars, arm Chinese werkers en 'n klein aantal welvarende Meksikaanse landbesitters bestaan het. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Meksikaans-Amerikaanse_Oorlog" title="Meksikaans-Amerikaanse Oorlog">Meksikaans-Amerikaanse Oorlog</a> tussen 1846 en 1848 is die stad saam met Alta California deur Amerikaanse soldate beset en by die VSA ingelyf. </p><p>Los Angeles het op 4 April 1850 Amerikaanse stadstatus in verband met die stigting van die deelstaat Kalifornië gekry; destyds was die inwonertal 1&#160;610. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laat_19de_eeuse_groeifase">Laat 19de eeuse groeifase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Laat 19de eeuse groeifase" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Laat 19de eeuse groeifase"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_California_Club,_538_South_Flower_St._Downtown_Los_Angeles_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_California_Club%2C_538_South_Flower_St._Downtown_Los_Angeles_7.jpg/220px-The_California_Club%2C_538_South_Flower_St._Downtown_Los_Angeles_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_California_Club%2C_538_South_Flower_St._Downtown_Los_Angeles_7.jpg/330px-The_California_Club%2C_538_South_Flower_St._Downtown_Los_Angeles_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_California_Club%2C_538_South_Flower_St._Downtown_Los_Angeles_7.jpg/440px-The_California_Club%2C_538_South_Flower_St._Downtown_Los_Angeles_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4858" data-file-height="3239" /></a><figcaption>Die <i><a href="/wiki/California_Club" title="California Club">California Club</a></i> (links), gestig in 1887 deur uitstaande persoonlikhede in Los Angeles se openbare lewe, is vandag steeds een van die mees prestigieuse sosiale verenigings in die Verenigde State</figcaption></figure> <p>Die laaste drie dekades van die 19de eeu was 'n tydperk van tegnologiese vooruitgang en vinnige ekonomiese groei wat deur drie faktore aangedryf is: die groot vraag na eiendomme wat stygende pryse en die opdeling van ou <i>ranchos</i> – uitgestrekte <a href="/wiki/Bees" title="Bees">beesplase</a> – in kleiner en meer winsgewende erwe tot gevolg gehad het; die bou van spoorlyne wat Los Angeles met ander Weskusmetropole soos <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> (sedert 1875) verbind het, maar ook vervoer binne die stadsgebied vergemaklik het, byvoorbeeld tussen die middestad en San Pedro; en die grootskaalse vestiging van Amerikaners uit die Midweste wat die strawwe winters daar wou ontduik – onder wie talle welgestelde afgetredenes wat bygedra het tot die groeiende ekonomiese betekenis van gesondheidsdienste en ontspanningsgeriewe. Nuwe aankomelinge is onder meer vanweë Los Angeles se reputasie as 'n sonnige plek met skoon lug na die weskus gelok – in 'n tyd toe die bevolking in meeste Amerikaanse nywerheidstede nog deur ongekende lug- en waterbesoedeling geteister is. Die stad was destyds sinoniem met goeie gesondheid, 'n skoon omgewing, sonskyn volop en eindelose <a href="/wiki/Sitrus" title="Sitrus">sitrusplantasies</a>. Nadat <a href="/wiki/Besproeiing" title="Besproeiing">besproeiingdtegnieke</a> getoets is om die geskikte <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbouprodukte</a> vir die gebied bepaal, is duisende <a href="/wiki/Lemoen" title="Lemoen">lemoen</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Suurlemoen" title="Suurlemoen">suurlemoenbome</a> geplant. </p><p>Met die voltooiing van twee transkontinentale spoorlyne – en Los Angeles as hul Weskus-terminus – is in die 1880's die voorvereiste vervul om die stad by die nasionale ekonomie in te skakel.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Los Angeles het in dié tydperk nog nie oor 'n nywerheidsbasis beskik nie. Landbou, veral veeteelt, was by verre die belangrikste ekonomiese sektor, alhoewel die uitgestrekte landgoedere van die vroeëre Meksikaanse elite intussen gekonfiskeer was of – teen betreklik lae pryse – van eienaar gewissel het. Dié ontwikkeling was die fondament vir 'n nuwe soort stadsontwikkeling – vir die eerste keer was die grond, wat hiervoor benodig is, in besit van een enkele privaat eienaar of onderneming. Die groot stroom migrante uit die Midweste, wat deur advertensie-plakkate en gesubsidieerde treinkaartjies aangewakker is, het in die laat 19de eeu grondspekulasie die botoon laat voer. </p><p>Ná die aansluiting by die spoorweg van die <i>Union Pacific Railroad</i> in 1876 en die spoorweglyn na <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Nieu-Meksiko" title="Santa Fe, Nieu-Meksiko">Santa Fé</a> in 1885, asook die begin van <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkoolontginning</a> in 1890 en <a href="/wiki/Ru-olie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ru-olie">ru-olieproduksie</a> in 1892 het Los Angeles vinnige groei getoon. In 1900 het die inwonertal reeds op 100&#160;000 gestaan (met 'n verdere 70&#160;000 buite die stadsgrense), en hierdie getal het in die tydperk tot 1910 verdriedubbel – hierdie styging van 211 persent was die hoogste in die geskiedenis van Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Migrante uit die Middel-Weste (en hier veral uit deelstate soos <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> en <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>) het die ou Meksikaanse elite geleidelik vervang om self die nuwe leidende politieke klas van Los Angeles te vorm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_vroeë_20ste_eeu"><span id="Die_vroe.C3.AB_20ste_eeu"></span>Die vroeë 20ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Die vroeë 20ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Die vroeë 20ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:La-et-ms-los-angeles-sheet-music-20130529-dto-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/La-et-ms-los-angeles-sheet-music-20130529-dto-002.jpg/200px-La-et-ms-los-angeles-sheet-music-20130529-dto-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/La-et-ms-los-angeles-sheet-music-20130529-dto-002.jpg/300px-La-et-ms-los-angeles-sheet-music-20130529-dto-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/La-et-ms-los-angeles-sheet-music-20130529-dto-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption><i>Glorious Southern California</i><br /><small>Bladmusiek (1907), gekomponeer deur G.T. Fallis en N.L. Ridderhof</small></figcaption></figure> <p>Die eerste twee dekades van die 20ste eeu was een van die beslissendste tydperke in die geskiedenis van Los Angeles waartydens die belangrikste struikelblokke uit die weg geruim kon word wat die stad se groei tot 'n Weskusmetropool nog belemmer het: ontoereikende watervoorsiening, die gebrek aan 'n natuurlike diepwaterhawe, die afgeleë ligging wat Los Angeles se deelname aan die florerende Atlantiese handel gekniehalter het, en die gebrek aan bekostigbare energiebronne. Tenminste op kort termyn is oplossings vir dié probleme gevind met die bou van 'n akweduk wat water uit die Owensvallei na die metropool in wording vervoer het (dié waterleiding is reeds in 1905 beplan, maar kon eers in 1913 voltooi word); die inlywing van San Pedro-hawe by Los Angeles (teen die wil van sy inwoners) en sy grootskaalse uitbreiding gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> waarvoor federale fondse beskikbaar gestel is; die opening van die <a href="/wiki/Panamakanaal" title="Panamakanaal">Panamakanaal</a> in 1914 wat die vaartyd tussen Suid-Kalifornië en die kuste van die Suidstate en die Amerikaanse Ooste merkbaar verkort het; en die opwekking van hidroëlektrisiteit deur die akweduk-projek vanaf 1917 wat die snelle groei van nywerhede moontlik gemaak het. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LuminariesofPantheism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LuminariesofPantheism.jpg/220px-LuminariesofPantheism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LuminariesofPantheism.jpg/330px-LuminariesofPantheism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LuminariesofPantheism.jpg/440px-LuminariesofPantheism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption><i>Luminaries of Pantheism</i><br /><small> Muurskildery deur Levi Ponce in Venice, Los Angeles</small></figcaption></figure> <p>Ná die inlywing van aangrensende nedersettings het Los Angeles se stadsgebied ook 'n aantal oorspronklik selfstandige munisipaliteite soos Wilmington (1909), San Pedro (1909), Hollywood (1910), Sawtelle (1922), Hyde Park (1923), Eagle Rock (1923), Venice (1925), Watts (1926), Barnes City (1927) en Tujunga (1932) ingesluit. In die 1920's was Los Angeles reeds op pad na wêreldstadstatus. Sy ongekende groei het aanleiding gegee tot 'n tweede grootskaalse golf van grondspekulasie waartydens steeds meer <i>ranchos</i> of beesplase onderverdeel is om nuwe nedersettings te vestig. Om hul watervoorsiening te verseker, was sommige van dié nuwe nedersettings bereid om by die groeiende metropool aan te sluit; ander het dié druk, wat op hulle uitgeoefen is, weerstaan. Sodoende is die huidige verstedelikingspatrone geskep waarby die gebied van Groter Los Angeles as 'n gefragmenteerde metropool gevestig is waar talle munisipaliteite hul administratiewe onafhanklikheid bewaar het, al maak hulle deel uit van die samehangende beboude gebied in die Los Angeles-bekken. So het byvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Santa Monica, Kalifornië">Santa Monica</a> en Beverly Hills, wat in ekonomiese en kulturele opsig as dele van Los Angeles beskou word, tot vandag toe hul status as selfregerende nedersettings verdedig. In 1924 het die bevolking van Los Angeles County die miljoenkerf oorskry, maar hiervan was slegs sowat sestig persent binne die <i>City of Los Angeles</i> se stadsgrense woonagtig. </p><p>'n Verdere belangrike fondament vir die ontwikkeling van Los Angeles was die oliebedryf. Plaaslike oliebronne is reeds in die 1880's ontdek en ontgin, terwyl 'n eerste bloeifase in dié bedryf in 1892 begin het, maar eers vyf jaar later is Suid-Kaliforniese ruolie op groot skaal ontgin, verwerk en bemark. In die twintigerjare het Los Angeles se olievelde in Signal Hill, Huntington Beach en Santa Fe Springs sowat 'n kwart van die wêreldproduksie van ruolie opgelewer. Olie het die belangrikste uitvoergoed geword wat in San Pedro-hawe gehanteer is.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tegelykertyd het, danksy die inisiatief van plaaslike entrepreneurs soos Donald Douglas en die gebroeders Loughead (Lockheed), 'n plaaslike vliegtuigbedryf ontstaan.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomiese_groeipunt">Ekonomiese groeipunt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomiese groeipunt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ekonomiese groeipunt"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Staples_Center_LA_Live.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Staples_Center_LA_Live.jpg/200px-Staples_Center_LA_Live.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Staples_Center_LA_Live.jpg/300px-Staples_Center_LA_Live.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Staples_Center_LA_Live.jpg/400px-Staples_Center_LA_Live.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="4739" /></a><figcaption>'n Nagtelike uitsig oor die middestad, met die <i>Staples Center</i>, 'n veeldoelige sportarena, op die voorgrond</figcaption></figure> <p>Vanaf 1910 het die rolprentbedryf 'n sterk groei beleef, en in 1932 was Los Angeles die gasheerstad van die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele" title="Olimpiese Somerspele">Olimpiese Somerspele</a>. Die grootskaalse ekonomiese groei het met die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> begin, toe die lug- en ruimtevaartnywerhede hulle in die stad gevestig en 'n groot aantal migrante gelok het. Die stad het die grootste groei van alle gebiede in Kalifornië vertoon, en in die dekade tussen 1940 en 1950 het sy bevolking met 49,8 persent toegeneem. Teen hierdie tydperk het ook die klein voorstadhuis met swembad en dubbelmotorhuis 'n simbool van Los Angeles geword en die stad het in die rigting van die San Fernando-vallei begin uitbrei. </p><p>Die stadshorison is in 1960 met die oprigting van die eerste wolkekrabber, 'n kantoorgebou, vir die eerste keer sedert die bou van die raadsaal in 1928 merkbaar verander. Maar die sestigerjare is ook gekenmerk deur etniese en sosiale spannings. Die rasseonluste, wat op 11 Augustus 1965 in die Swart woonbuurt Watts uitgebreek het, was van die ergstes in die geskiedenis van Amerika. Tydens die geweldpleging het 34 mense hulle lewens verloor en honderde is beseer. Die skade, wat berokken is, het VSA-$ 200 miljoen beloop. </p><p>In 1984 was Los Angeles vir die tweede keer die gasheerstad van die Olimpiese Somerspele, wat deur die boikotaksie van die Oosbloklande oorskadu is. </p><p>Nadat in April 1992 vier blanke polisiemanne vrygespreek is op aanklag dat hulle 'n swart burger, Rodney King, mishandel het, het onluste in Los Angeles uitgebreek, wat by die ergste in die geskiedenis van die Verenigde State gereken word. </p><p>Sedert die negentigerjare is Los Angeles deur 'n aantal natuurrampe soos bosbrande en oorstromings getref. 57 mense het as gevolg van die <a href="/wiki/Northridge-aardbewing" title="Northridge-aardbewing">Northridge-aardbewing</a> gesterf wat die stad op 17 Januarie 1994 geskud het en duisende geboue is beskadig of verniel. </p><p>Die einde van die <a href="/wiki/Koue_Oorlog" title="Koue Oorlog">Koue Oorlog</a> het in dié dekade 'n nadelige uitwerking op die plaaslike lug- en ruimtevaartnywerhede gehad aangesien dié bedryf onder meer gespesialiseer het in militêre toerusting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bevolkingsgroei">Bevolkingsgroei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Bevolkingsgroei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bevolkingsgroei"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Griffith_Observatory,_Los_Angeles_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Griffith_Observatory%2C_Los_Angeles_2011.jpg/220px-Griffith_Observatory%2C_Los_Angeles_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Griffith_Observatory%2C_Los_Angeles_2011.jpg/330px-Griffith_Observatory%2C_Los_Angeles_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Griffith_Observatory%2C_Los_Angeles_2011.jpg/440px-Griffith_Observatory%2C_Los_Angeles_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1763" data-file-height="1169" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Griffith-sterrewag" title="Griffith-sterrewag">Griffith-sterrewag</a>, ontwerp in die Art Deco-styl en voltooi in 1935, is een van LA se gewildste uitsigpunte – oor die stad en oor die sterrehemel. Die tonele van tientalle rolprente is hier verfilm, waaronder <i>Rebel Without a Cause</i> waarin <a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a> in 1955 sy laaste hoofrol vertolk het</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LawrenceScarpa_Cherokee_8268.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LawrenceScarpa_Cherokee_8268.jpg/220px-LawrenceScarpa_Cherokee_8268.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LawrenceScarpa_Cherokee_8268.jpg/330px-LawrenceScarpa_Cherokee_8268.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LawrenceScarpa_Cherokee_8268.jpg/440px-LawrenceScarpa_Cherokee_8268.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Moderne residensiële boukuns – <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Scarpa" title="Lawrence Scarpa">Lawrence Scarpa</a> se <i>Cherokee Lofts</i> in West Hollywood is geïnspireer deur <i>Prospectivity</i>, 'n reeks skilderye deur die Britse kunstenaar <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hughes_(kunstenaar)" title="Patrick Hughes (kunstenaar)">Patrick Hughes</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Case_Study_House_22_(5902490232).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Case_Study_House_22_%285902490232%29.jpg/220px-Case_Study_House_22_%285902490232%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Case_Study_House_22_%285902490232%29.jpg/330px-Case_Study_House_22_%285902490232%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Case_Study_House_22_%285902490232%29.jpg/440px-Case_Study_House_22_%285902490232%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Meeste van die tydskrif <i>Arts &amp; Architecture</i> se modelhuise in die reeks <i><a href="/wiki/Case_Study_Houses" title="Case Study Houses">Case Study Houses</a></i> het in Los Angeles ontstaan: Pierre Koenig se <i>Stahl House</i> in die Hollywood Hills</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Altos_Apartments,_4121_Wilshire_Blvd._Mid-City_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Los_Altos_Apartments%2C_4121_Wilshire_Blvd._Mid-City_5.jpg/220px-Los_Altos_Apartments%2C_4121_Wilshire_Blvd._Mid-City_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Los_Altos_Apartments%2C_4121_Wilshire_Blvd._Mid-City_5.jpg/330px-Los_Altos_Apartments%2C_4121_Wilshire_Blvd._Mid-City_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Los_Altos_Apartments%2C_4121_Wilshire_Blvd._Mid-City_5.jpg/440px-Los_Altos_Apartments%2C_4121_Wilshire_Blvd._Mid-City_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption>Binnehof van die historiese Los Altos-woonstelgebou, Wilshire Boulevard</figcaption></figure> <p>Los Angeles, wat in 1900 slegs 100&#160;000 inwoners gehad het, het tydens die 20ste eeu 'n ware bevolkingsontploffing beleef, sonder dat daar enige stadsbeplanning plaasgevind het. Die vinnige bevolkingsgroei duur nog steeds voort en sowat 'n derde van die inwoners is in die buiteland gebore. 'n Groot rol by die bevolkingsgroei speel immigrante uit <a href="/wiki/Latyns-Amerika" title="Latyns-Amerika">Latyns-Amerika</a>, veral <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>. </p><p>Die inwoners van Los Angeles kom uit 140 lande en praat 224 tale. Sowat die helfte van die bevolking of twee miljoen mense is immigrante uit Latyns-Amerika (Latino's) en daar word beraam dat Spaans weens die hoër geboortesyfers en groot aantal immigrante Engels as belangrikste huistaal sal verdring. </p><p>'n Ander etniese groep, wat hoë groeisyfers toon, is Asiate en immigrante van eilande in die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a>. Hulle verteenwoordig net soos <a href="/wiki/Afro-Amerikaners" title="Afro-Amerikaners">Afro-Amerikaners</a> sowat tien persent van die totale bevolking. Die grootste groepe is <a href="/wiki/Japanners" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanners">Japanners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han-Chinese" title="Han-Chinese">Han-Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreane" title="Koreane">Koreane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamese" title="Viëtnamese">Viëtnamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_(volk)" title="Thai (volk)">Thais</a>, Filipino's en <a href="/wiki/Perse" title="Perse">Perse</a>. Indiane speel 'n kleiner rol met sowat 100&#160;000 mense. Sowat dertig persent van die inwoners is Blankes (sonder Latino's). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behuisingskrisis">Behuisingskrisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Behuisingskrisis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Behuisingskrisis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vinnig stygende huispryse en huurgelde is een van die grootste dryfkragte agter Kalifornië en Los Angeles se demografiese verskuiwings sedert die 1980's. Groter Los Angeles het met 121 persent tussen 2000 en 2014 die hoogste stygings in behuisingskoste van alle metropolitaanse gebiede in die VSA getoon, terwyl die gebied die ergste behuisingskrisis sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog ervaar.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ontleders skryf die probleem onder meer toe aan die tekort aan nuwe behuising en die voorstedelike mentaliteit in die hoër inkomstegroepe. So gee welvarendes die voorkeur aan nuwe enkelgesinshuise in voorstede bo nuwe hoëdigtheidsbehuisingsprojekte in hul destydse buurte. </p><p>Terwyl hoogs gekwalifiseerde Amerikaners uit ander landsdele steeds na Kalifornië stroom, is daar 'n groeiende aantal Kaliforniërs in middel- en laerinkomstegroepe wat behuising in hul eie deelstaat nie meer kan bekostig nie en hulle in ander deelstate (veral <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(deelstaat)" title="Washington (deelstaat)">Washington</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>) moet hervestig.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Los Angeles word sowat 600&#160;000 inwoners as <i>severely rent burdened</i> geklassifiseer – dit wil sê hulle moet meer as die helfte van hul maandelikse inkomste aan huurgeld bestee. Volgens die <i>Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority</i> se verslag vir 2017 het meer as 8&#160;000 mense in dié jaar vir die eerste keer in hul lewe dakloos geword.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Gemiddelde huurgelde in Los Angeles (in 2018) en Los Angeles County (in 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Woonstel</th> <th>$ per maand (Los Angeles)</th> <th>$ per maand (LA County) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Studio</td> <td>$2283</td> <td>− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eenkamer</td> <td>$2592</td> <td>$1755 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tweekamer</td> <td>$3247</td> <td>$2235 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Driekamer</td> <td>$4186</td> <td>− </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huurbeheer">Huurbeheer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Huurbeheer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Huurbeheer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ranchosanpedro1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ranchosanpedro1.JPG/220px-Ranchosanpedro1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ranchosanpedro1.JPG/330px-Ranchosanpedro1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ranchosanpedro1.JPG/440px-Ranchosanpedro1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Openbare behuising vir huishoudings met baie lae inkomste is skaars. Die foto wys munisipale wonings in San Pedro</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2019 was daar in Los Angeles sowat 624&#160;000 wooneenhede waarop munisipale huurbeheer toegepas is. Huurgeldverhogings vir hierdie wonings is gekoppel aan veranderinge in die plaaslike verbruikersprysindeks (VPI) en mag in 'n band tussen drie en agt persent beweeg (met 'n bykomende een persent vir respektiewelik gas- en elektrisiteitsvoorsiening as hierdie dienste by die huurgeld ingesluit word). As gevolg van laer inflasiekoerse in die nasleep van die Groot Resessie van 2009 het hulle 'n dekade lank teen die minimumvlak beweeg. Met ingang van 1 Julie 2019 is huurgeldverhogings van vier persent aan verhuurders toegestaan nadat die inflasiekoers in 2018 versnel het. In Los Angeles dien die gemiddelde verandering in die VPI vir die mees onlangse periode van twaalf maande as maatstaf vir verhogings, afgerond tot die naaste persent. Huurgelde mag net een keer per fiskale jaar verhoog word. </p><p>Volgens Kaliforniese wetgewing mag huurbeheer deur munisipaliteite gewoonlik net op ouer woonstelgeboue en bestaande huurkontrakte toegepas word. Vir leegstaande wooneenhede, waarvoor 'n nuwe huurkontrak gesluit word, mag verhuurders enige huurgeld vra wat potensiële huurders bereid is om te betaal.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Openbare_behuising">Openbare behuising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Openbare behuising" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Openbare behuising"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <i>Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA)</i> bestuur veertien groot openbare behuisingsprojekte dwarsoor die stadsgebied met altesaam sowat 6&#160;500 wooneenhede om behuising aan huishoudings met baie lae inkomste te verskaf.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oorsig">Oorsig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorsig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Oorsig"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hollywood_Hills_-_panoramio_-_Colin_W_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hollywood_Hills_-_panoramio_-_Colin_W_%285%29.jpg/220px-Hollywood_Hills_-_panoramio_-_Colin_W_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hollywood_Hills_-_panoramio_-_Colin_W_%285%29.jpg/330px-Hollywood_Hills_-_panoramio_-_Colin_W_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hollywood_Hills_-_panoramio_-_Colin_W_%285%29.jpg/440px-Hollywood_Hills_-_panoramio_-_Colin_W_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Hollywood Hills en Griffith-sterrewag</figcaption></figure> <p>Kalifornië speel 'n eersterangse rol in die Verenigde State as broeikas van nuwe idees, nuwe produkte en ondernemersgees.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In die suide van die deelstaat het Los Angeles danksy sy mannekrag, onderwysinstellings, aangename klimaat en moderne infrastruktuur in die vroeë 20ste eeu naas New York en <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> tot die derde van die land se drie vooruitstrewende globale metropole gegroei. Die stad is in die vroeë 21ste eeu steeds die vernaamste nywerheidsentrum in die Amerikaanse Weste, een van die wêreld se besigste seehawens wat voordeel trek uit die gigantiese handelstrome met Asiatiese nywerheidsreuse in die Stille Oseeaangebied soos <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, Taiwan (<a href="/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China">Republiek China</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a>, 'n belangrike finansiële sentrum, die grootste stedelike kleinhandelmark in die VSA asook 'n eersterangse kulturele en kreatiewe sentrum. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_LA_morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_LA_morning.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_LA_morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_LA_morning.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_LA_morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_LA_morning.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_LA_morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sonop oor die Finansiële Distrik. Die grootskaalse toevloei van Japannese en Kanadese kapitaal vanaf die 1980's het Los Angeles se middestad ingrypend verander</figcaption></figure> <p>Sy vernaamste nywerhede is <a href="/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie">chemie</a>, elektroniese toerusting, <a href="/wiki/Tekstiel" title="Tekstiel">tekstiele</a>, voedselverwerking, metaalverwerking, die boubedryf en die uitgewersbedryf. Maar die stad staan veral bekend as die wêreld se grootste sentrum van die lug- en ruimtevaartnywerhede, die rolprent-, televisie-, radio- en musiekbedryf. Daarnaas is ook <a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">toerisme</a> 'n belangrike bron van inkomste. </p><p>'n Groot aantal ondernemings, banke en navorsingsinstellings het hulle hoofkwartiere in Los Angeles, waaronder bekende maatskappye van die vermaaklikheidsbedryf soos 20th Century Fox, DreamWorks SKG, Paramount Pictures, The Walt Disney Company en Warner Bros., die Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (bekend deur sy jaarlikse <i><a href="/wiki/Oscar" title="Oscar">Oscar</a></i>-toekennings), die speelgoedvervaardiger Mattel, vervaardigers van rekenaarspele soos Activision en THQ, die lug- en ruimtevaartonderneming Northrop Grumman, die ruimtevaart-konsortium Sea Launch, die olie- en gasverskaffer Unocal, die RAND Corporation ('n navorsingsinstelling vir die <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_Gewapende_Magte" title="Amerikaanse Gewapende Magte">Amerikaanse Gewapende Magte</a>), die ICANN (wat name en adresse op die internet beheer), die hotelgroep Hilton, die uitgewery Tokyopop en die beleggingsbestuurmaatskappy <a href="/wiki/Capital_Group_Companies" title="Capital Group Companies">Capital Group Companies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lugbesoedeling">Lugbesoedeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Lugbesoedeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lugbesoedeling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los Angeles het sy eie tipe rookmis, 'n bruin of fotochemiese variant wat merkbaar van die befaamde grys Londense rookmis in Europa verskil – die kleur is aan <a href="/wiki/Stikstofdioksied" title="Stikstofdioksied">stikstofdioksied</a> (NO<sub>2</sub>) te danke, terwyl fotochemiese reaksies tot sy ontstaan bydra.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die halfdroë klimaat, sonstraling, atmosferiese spoorgasse en die topografie van die gebied is belangrike faktore. Die hoë vlakke van <a href="/wiki/Lugbesoedeling" title="Lugbesoedeling">lugbesoedeling</a> in die stad is een van sy sorgwekkendste vraagstukke, aangesien die plaaslike nywerhede en motorvervoer hoë konsentrasies van <a href="/wiki/Osoon" title="Osoon">osoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stikstofoksied" title="Stikstofoksied">stikstofoksied</a> en <a href="/wiki/Koolwaterstof" title="Koolwaterstof">koolwaterstof</a> veroorsaak. Die lugsirkulasie in die stadsgebied word deur die bergreekse, wat dit in die noorde en ooste omring, beperk, terwyl die Stille Oseaan-seewind nouliks 'n skoonmaak-effek op groot skaal kan uitoefen nie. Die gebrek aan 'n effektiewe openbare vervoerstelsel bly een van die hoofprobleme met die bestryding van lugbesoedeling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorvervaardiging_–_'n_historiese_bedryf"><span id="Motorvervaardiging_.E2.80.93_.27n_historiese_bedryf"></span>Motorvervaardiging – 'n historiese bedryf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Motorvervaardiging – &#039;n historiese bedryf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Motorvervaardiging – &#039;n historiese bedryf"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Van_Nuys_Boulevard_Street_Scene2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Van_Nuys_Boulevard_Street_Scene2.JPG/220px-Van_Nuys_Boulevard_Street_Scene2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Van_Nuys_Boulevard_Street_Scene2.JPG/330px-Van_Nuys_Boulevard_Street_Scene2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Van_Nuys_Boulevard_Street_Scene2.JPG/440px-Van_Nuys_Boulevard_Street_Scene2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2447" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>Van Nuys Boulevard is een van die belangrikste verkeersare in die sentrale San Fernando-vallei wat in noord-suidelike rigting loop. In 1979 het dit internasionale bekendheid verwerf danksy die rolprent <i>Van Nuys Blvd.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1902 het die <i>Auto Vehicle Company</i> in Los Angeles die eerste motors in Kalifornië vervaardig. Die maatskappy het egter net tot 1910 bestaan, met 'n totale produksiesyfer wat 3&#160;000 eenhede nie oorskry het nie. </p><p>In die tydperk tussen die 1940's en die 1960's het Los Angeles County motorbedryf tot die tweede grootste in die land ná <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> gegroei. Vervaardigers soos Studebaker, <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford">Ford</a>, Kaiser-Frazer, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> en Willys-Overland het aanlegte in Los Angeles en omgewing gevestig. Op sy hoogtepunt het die plaaslike motorbedryf met meer as 15&#160;000 werkers hier meer as 'n halfmiljoen voertuie per jaar vervaardig. 'n Verslag in die plaaslike dagblad <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> het in 1965 selfs daarop gewys dat Los Angeles op dié tydstip Detroit as die Verenigde State se motorhoofstad vervang het. </p><p>Weens die stygende persentasie ingevoerde motors het die plaaslike bedryf vanaf die 1970's moeilike tye beleef. Die Chrysler-aanleg in die City of Commerce was die eerste groot motorfabriek wat sy deure in 1971 om ekonomiese redes moes sluit. Geleidelik het ook ander vervaardigers produksie in die gebied gestaak. Die laaste motoraanleg – General Motors se fabriek in Van Nuys – is in 1992 gesluit.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boukuns">Boukuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Boukuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Boukuns"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garden_apartments"><i>Garden apartments</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Garden apartments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Garden apartments"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:South-Los-Angeles-garden-apartments-near-Crenshaw-Boulevard-view-from-north-August-2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South-Los-Angeles-garden-apartments-near-Crenshaw-Boulevard-view-from-north-August-2014.jpg/220px-South-Los-Angeles-garden-apartments-near-Crenshaw-Boulevard-view-from-north-August-2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South-Los-Angeles-garden-apartments-near-Crenshaw-Boulevard-view-from-north-August-2014.jpg/330px-South-Los-Angeles-garden-apartments-near-Crenshaw-Boulevard-view-from-north-August-2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South-Los-Angeles-garden-apartments-near-Crenshaw-Boulevard-view-from-north-August-2014.jpg/440px-South-Los-Angeles-garden-apartments-near-Crenshaw-Boulevard-view-from-north-August-2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1814" /></a><figcaption>'n Middeldigtheid-tuinwoonstelkompleks naby Crenshaw Boulevard in South Los Angeles</figcaption></figure> <p>Los Angeles se <i>garden apartments</i> of tuinwoonstelle het hulle oorsprong in 19de eeuse Britse stads- en landskapsbeplanningskonsepte wat in die vroeë 20ste eeu deur twee plaaslike stadsbeplanners, Clarence S. Stein en Henry Wright, in die Verenigde State as 'n vorm van laedigtheidbehuising toegepas is. Hulle het een van die mees kenmerkende voorbeelde van Kalifornië se binnens- en buitenshuise woon- en leefideaal geword.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die streek se warm en sonnige klimaat was uiters geskik vir die verwesenliking van 'n behuisingsideaal waarin natuur en oop groen ruimtes sentraal gestaan het. Sorgvuldig beplande tuinwoonstelkomplekse was 'n aantreklike en bekostigbare alternatief tot laestandaardbehuising gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Groot_Depressie" title="Groot Depressie">Groot Depressie</a> en het later, ná die VSA se toetrede tot die Tweede Wêreldoorlog, groter getalle werkers van krygstuigfabrieke asook, vanaf 1945, oorlogsveterane en hul gesinne gehuisves. </p><p>Hoofkenmerke van tuinwoonstelkomplekse in Los Angeles was die ontwikkeling van erwe as superstraatblokke, die skeiding van motor- en voetgangerlane, gestandaardiseerde tipes huise wat as lae- tot middeldigtheidsbehuising opgerig is en die klemtoon op oop ruimtes en tuinagtige landskapargitektuur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Los_Angeles_Freestyle"><i>Los Angeles Freestyle</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Los Angeles Freestyle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Los Angeles Freestyle"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_(1609904186).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_%281609904186%29.jpg/220px-Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_%281609904186%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_%281609904186%29.jpg/330px-Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_%281609904186%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_%281609904186%29.jpg/440px-Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_%281609904186%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Frank Gehry se <a href="/wiki/Dekonstruktivisme" title="Dekonstruktivisme">dekonstruktivistiese</a> argitektoniese ontwerpe lok soms humoristiese kommentaar uit. Vir sommige waarnemers lyk hulle soos "geboue die oggend ná 'n groot aardbewing" (<i>Newsweek</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Dit was 'n invloedryke en prominente groep van Weskus-argitekte en binnenshuise ontwerpers, onder wie Frank Gehry, Eric Moss, Brian Murphy, Thom Mayne en Michael Rotondi wat van Los Angeles Amerika se vernaamste laboratorium vir radikale ontwerpstrominge gemaak het. </p><p>In die laat 1970's het die argitek <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a>, 'n boorling van <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, met die renovasie van 'n ou woonhuis 'n argitektoniese en ontwerprewolusie begin toe hy – in plaas van konvensionele boumateriale – met staaldraadhekke en sinkplate geëksperimenteer het. Gehry se opgeknapte huis was nie soseer die beginpunt van 'n nuwe ontwerpskool nie, maar eerder die aanleiding en voorbeeld vir 'n hele reeks ongewone kleurryke en ietwat anargistieste ontwerpstyle wat onder meer van punk-estetiek gebruik gemaak het en waarna as "nuwe golf" (<i>new wave</i>) verwys is. Alhoewel dit sekere ooreenkomste toon met die Memphis-styl, is dit 'n styl wat eie is aan Kalifornië en aangepas by dié deelstaat se leefstyl en klimaat. </p><p>Een van die bekendste voorbeelde vir dié styl is die Petal House, 'n ou woonhuis waarvan die dak opgeknap en op 'n ongewone manier van binne na buite gekeer is soos oop blomblare om plek te skep vir 'n jacuzzi-swembad en 'n reeks kubiese ateljees wat met piramides bekroon is.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiese_ontwikkeling">Historiese ontwikkeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Historiese ontwikkeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Historiese ontwikkeling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pac-elec-depot-1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pac-elec-depot-1910.jpg/220px-Pac-elec-depot-1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pac-elec-depot-1910.jpg/330px-Pac-elec-depot-1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pac-elec-depot-1910.jpg/440px-Pac-elec-depot-1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Die hoofdepot van <i>Pacific Electric</i> in 1910</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:P_line_Alameda_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P_line_Alameda_Street.jpg/220px-P_line_Alameda_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P_line_Alameda_Street.jpg/330px-P_line_Alameda_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P_line_Alameda_Street.jpg/440px-P_line_Alameda_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>'n Trollie in Alamedastraat, <a href="/wiki/Little_Tokyo,_Los_Angeles" title="Little Tokyo, Los Angeles">Little Tokyo</a>, omstreeks 1918</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pacific_Electric_Railway_1299.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pacific_Electric_Railway_1299.JPG/220px-Pacific_Electric_Railway_1299.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pacific_Electric_Railway_1299.JPG/330px-Pacific_Electric_Railway_1299.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pacific_Electric_Railway_1299.JPG/440px-Pacific_Electric_Railway_1299.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><i>Pacific Electric 1299 Business Car</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Angeles_Pacific_Electric_Railways_(Red_Cars).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Los_Angeles_Pacific_Electric_Railways_%28Red_Cars%29.svg/220px-Los_Angeles_Pacific_Electric_Railways_%28Red_Cars%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Los_Angeles_Pacific_Electric_Railways_%28Red_Cars%29.svg/330px-Los_Angeles_Pacific_Electric_Railways_%28Red_Cars%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Los_Angeles_Pacific_Electric_Railways_%28Red_Cars%29.svg/440px-Los_Angeles_Pacific_Electric_Railways_%28Red_Cars%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption><i>Pacific Electric</i> se netwerk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pacific_Electric_Replica_501_in_San_Pedro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pacific_Electric_Replica_501_in_San_Pedro.jpg/220px-Pacific_Electric_Replica_501_in_San_Pedro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pacific_Electric_Replica_501_in_San_Pedro.jpg/330px-Pacific_Electric_Replica_501_in_San_Pedro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pacific_Electric_Replica_501_in_San_Pedro.jpg/440px-Pacific_Electric_Replica_501_in_San_Pedro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>'n Namaaksel van 'n <i>Pacific Electric Car 501</i> in San Pedro</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg/220px-Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg/330px-Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg/440px-Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5694" data-file-height="3564" /></a><figcaption><i>Pacific Electric</i> se befaamde "rooi waens" (<i>Red Cars</i>) is gereed om op 'n skrootwerf vernietig te word</figcaption></figure> <p>Die eerste gemeganiseerde openbare vervoerstelsels in Los Angeles en sy omgewing het in die tweede helfte van die 19de eeu ontstaan. Soos in ander groot Amerikaanse stede het hierdie stelsels op spoorgebonde voertuie gebaseer. Die eerste perdetremlyn, wat oor 'n afstand van twee en 'n half myl tussen die Old Plaza en 6de Straat geloop het, is in 1874 geopen. Later is kabeltreine en die eerste eenvoudige elektriese trems ingevoer – interessant genoeg dikwels danksy die insiatief van eiendomsontwikkelaars wat belangstellendes na nuwe huise in voorstedelike gebiede wou lok. Maar sonder 'n gesonde ekonomiese basis het hierdie vroeë treinstelsels vinnig in tegniese en finansiële moeilikhede beland. </p><p>Eers in die 1880's het Frank Sprague 'n meer gesofistikeerde tremstelsel ontwikkel wat binnekort die belangrikste openbare vervoermiddel vir die hele Los Angeles County geword het. Omstreeks 1900 het 'n aantal nedersettings in Suid-Kalifornië oor elektriese tremstelsels beskik. Hulle is aangevul deur treinlyne wat die middestad van Los Angeles met voorstede en aangrensende nedersettings verbind het. Ondanks hulle gewildheid by die publiek was die bou en onderhoud van elektriese treine baie kapitaalintensief sodat maatskappye dikwels deur bankrotskap bedreig is. Toe een van hierdie ondernemings in finansiële moeilikhede beland het, het <a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Huntington" title="Henry E. Huntington">Henry E. Huntington</a>, die neef en erfgenaam van <i>South Pacific Railroad</i> se president Collis P. Huntington, sy kans gegryp en aandele gekoop. Nadat hy nie toegelaat is om ná die afsterwe van sy oom in 1900 die pos van president te oorneem nie, het Henry E. Huntington hom op eiendomme en die ontwikkeling van Suid-Kalifornië se vervoerstelsel toegespits. In 1901 is sy befaamde <i>Pacific Electric Railroad Company</i>, meestal kort <i>PE</i> genoem, geïnkorporeer. In die volgende nege jaar het Huntington sy treinnetwerk stelselmatig uitgebou: nuwe lyne is gebou, nuwe spoorwegmaatskappye geïnkorporeer en bestaande lyne van mededingers oorgeneem. </p><p>Net soos ander Amerikaanse tremlyn-eienaars het ook Huntington sy vervoerstelsel ingespan om eiendomme te bemark en winsgewend te maak. So het hy op groot skaal bougrond buite Los Angeles gekoop en vervolgens tremlyne laat bou wat die behuisingsprojekte met die middestad verbind het. Vir Huntington was dit duidelik dat die bou van nuwe lyne die ontwikkeling van woonbuurte steeds moes voorspring. Indien vervoermiddels nie al klaar sou wees wanneer die eerste belangstellende kopers sou opdaag nie, sou hulle liewer huise in 'n gebied met ontwikkelde vervoerinfrastruktuur koop. En al het Huntington aansienlike verliese in die vervoerbedryf gely, het hy nogal miljoene met sy eiendomme verdien. </p><p>Ná 'n bouprogram, wat nege jaar sou voortduur, en pogings van <i>Southern Pacific</i> om die beheer oor <i>PE</i> te kry, het Huntington die meeste van sy aandele aan sy mededinger verkoop. Met hierdie samesmelting het die twee groot vervoermaatskappye ontstaan wat die spoorwegbedryf in Los Angeles en sy omgewing in die volgende jare sou oorheers. <i>PE</i> is nou as 'n dogtermaatskappy van <i>Southern Pacific</i> bestuur en het nog oor enkele plaaslike tremlyne beskik, maar hom andersins op die bedryf van sneltreindienste tussen Los Angeles en ander nedersettings in Suid-Kalifornië toegespits. In sy beste tye het <i>PE</i> 1&#160;164&#160;myl se elektriese spoorlyne in vier counties beheer en was sodoende die grootste elektriese spoormaatskappy ter wêreld.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As deel van die ooreenkoms met <i>Southern Pacific</i> het Huntington die volledige beheer oor die <i>Los Angeles Railway Company (LARY)</i> gekry, 'n smalspoorstelsel wat die meeste van Los Angeles se tremlyne bedryf – en negentig persent van alle spoorpassasiers in die stad vervoer het. Beide, <i>PE</i> en <i>LARY</i>, het 'n beslissende rol by die vinnige groei van Los Angeles in die laat 19de en vroeë 20ste eeu gespeel. Die groot stroom immigrante het hulle veral in voorstedelike gebiede gevestig. </p><p>Die agteruitgang van spoorgebonde openbare vervoer in die 1940's word deur sommige outeurs as 'n sameswering van die motor- en oliebedryf, veral <i>General Motors (GM)</i>, beskryf. <i>LARY</i> is in 1944 as deel van Henry E. Huntington se boedel aan <i>American City Lines</i>, 'n dogtermaatskappy van <i>National City Lines</i>, verkoop. Groot ondernemings uit die motorbedryf soos <i>GM</i>, <i>Standard Oil of California</i>, <i>Firestone Tire and Rubber Company</i>, <i>Phillips Petroleum Company</i> en <i>Mack Truck</i> het oor 'n minderheid aandele in <i>National City Lines</i> beskik, en daar is onmiddellik begin om trem- met buslyne te vervang.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In voorstedelike gebiede van Suid-Kalifornië het motorbusse die oorspronklike tremlyne egter al twee dekades vroeër, vanaf 1921, begin vervang. So het ook <i>LARY</i> se bestuurders reeds in 1940, vier jaar voordat die onderneming verkoop is, besluit om hul trems ten gunste van busse uit te faseer. Hierdie proses is vanweë die uitbreek van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en die gepaardgaande tekort aan gom en ruolie vertraag. Pendelaars het al jare vroeër begin om die voorkeur aan privaat motors te gee, en die persentasie was groter hoe verder hul voorstedelike woonbuurte van die middestad af geleë was. In die eerste drie dekades van die 20ste eeu was daar steeds besware oor die gehalte van openbare vervoerdienste, hoë tariewe en stampvol trems en treine. So is tremmaatskappye daarvan beskuldig dat hulle te weinig waens ingespan het om hul bedryf meer winsgewend te maak. Nuwe lyne dwarsdeur die stad is nie gebou nie en yl bevolkte voorstedelike gebiede is nie by die spoornetwerk ingesluit nie. Terwyl veiligheidstandaarde verlaag is, was daar ook beskuldigings van korrupsie. </p><p>Die sukses van motors as belangrikste vervoermiddels was daarnaas nou verbonde met sosio-ekonomiese faktore en die destydse stadsbeplanning. Ouer metropolitaanse gebiede in die ooste van die Verenigde State, maar ook San Francisco in Noord-Kalifornië, het 'n meer gesentraliseerde groeipatroon van voorstede getoon wat rondom die middestad ontstaan het. Daarenteen het Los Angeles eers relatief laat tot 'n groter metropool begin ontwikkel – en dit was nooit 'n mekka vir voetgangers nie. Weens die gebrek aan natuurlike grense soos riviere en berge kon die stadsgebied steeds verder uitbrei om as hoogs gedesentraliseerde ekonomie op motors te steun. Ander Amerikaanse metropole het uiteindelik dieselfde pad geloop, met die verskil dat dié proses hier eers ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog begin het. </p><p>In Los Angeles was trems en motors aanvanklik mededingers aangesien daar nie ruimte vir albei was nie. Die stadsregering het met streng wette gereageer en in 1920 'n verbod op parkering in die middestad geplaas, maar moes dit ná proteste en ekonomiese druk van burgers herroep. Strate in Los Angeles is verbreed om die groter getal motors te kan hanteer. Verkeersopeenhopings was steeds 'n groot vraagstuk. Groter mobiliteit danksy die besit van motors het die verskuiwing van baie geriewe na die voorstede moontlik gemaak waar hulle gemaklik bereik kon word en waar parkeerplekke volop was. Nuwe snelweë het die verskillende voorstedelike gebiede met mekaar verbind. </p><p>Die bou van 'n uitgebreide moltreinstelsel was 'n tweede opsie. So het <i>Pacific Electric</i> in 1926 met die bou van 'n sodanige stelsel begin. In die 1920's en 1930's het steeds meer belangegroepe hulle ten gunste van 'n moltreinnetwek uitgespreek, maar finansiële oorwegings was die hoofrede vir die besluit om nie met die bou daarvan voort te gaan nie. Die bevolkingsdigtheid van Los Angeles was te laag om moltreine ekonomies vatbaar te maak sodat hulle, in teenstelling met snelweë, van subsidies afhanklik sou gewees het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huidige_situasie">Huidige situasie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Huidige situasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Huidige situasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LA_freeway_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/LA_freeway_2009.jpg/220px-LA_freeway_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/LA_freeway_2009.jpg/330px-LA_freeway_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/LA_freeway_2009.jpg/440px-LA_freeway_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3854" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>'n Snelweg in Los Angeles</figcaption></figure> <p>Los Angeles se interstedelike vervoernetwerk dien as 'n gewestelike, nasionale en internasionale spil vir die vervoer van passasiers en goedere. Dit sluit die Verenigde State se grootste hawekompleks, 'n uitgebreide spoorinfrastruktuur vir passasiers- en vragtreine, talle lughawens en 'n uitgebreide padnetwerk in. </p><p>Vir doeltreffende binnestedelike vervoer in die metropolitaanse gebied van Los Angeles is daar 'n netwerk van snelweë, paaie, buslyne, trein- en moltreinlyne. Hoë volumes verkeer veroorsaak nogtans <a href="/wiki/Verkeersopeenhoping" title="Verkeersopeenhoping">verkeersopeenhopings</a> en gepaardgaande vertragings vir pendelaars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Padvervoer">Padvervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Padvervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Padvervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los Angeles beskik oor 'n eersterangse netwerk van snelpaaie wat die stad met alle ander Amerikaanse metropole verbind. Die vernaamste snelweë en grootpaaie sluit in: <i>Interstate 5</i> wat in suidelike rigting deur <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> tot by <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a> loop en daarna in noordelike rigting deur <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland" class="mw-disambig" title="Portland">Portland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> tot by die <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadese</a> grens loop; <i>Interstate 10</i>, die suidelikste <i>Interstate Highway</i> in die VSA wat in oos-westelike rigting van kus tot kus deur onder meer <a href="/wiki/Phoenix" class="mw-disambig" title="Phoenix">Phoenix</a> in Arizona tot by <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville" title="Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> loop; die <i>Interstate 15</i> wat Los Angeles met <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> in Nevada en <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> in Utah verbind; die Interstate 40 wat onder meer deur <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> en <a href="/wiki/Memphis" class="mw-disambig" title="Memphis">Memphis</a> loop; en die <i>U.S. Route 101</i> wat na die Sentrale Kusgebied van Kalifornië, San Francisco, die <i>Redwood Empire</i> en die kusgebied van die deelstate Oregon en Washington loop. Die <i>Pacific Coast Highway</i> (<i>State Highway 1</i>) verbind Los Angeles in noordelike rigting met kusstede soos <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Santa Barbara, Kalifornië">Santa Barbara</a> en San Francisco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lugvervoer">Lugvervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Lugvervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lugvervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles.jpg/220px-TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles.jpg/330px-TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles.jpg/440px-TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Los Angeles-lughawe ("LAX") se bekende <i>Theme Building</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LAX_Tom_Bradley_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/LAX_Tom_Bradley_Aerial.jpg/220px-LAX_Tom_Bradley_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/LAX_Tom_Bradley_Aerial.jpg/330px-LAX_Tom_Bradley_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/LAX_Tom_Bradley_Aerial.jpg/440px-LAX_Tom_Bradley_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3351" data-file-height="2202" /></a><figcaption>LAX se nuwe Tom Bradley Internasionale Terminaal</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Los Angeles Internasionale Lughawe">Internasionale Lughawe van Los Angeles (LAX)</a> is in Westchester, 'n suidwestelike stadsbuurt sowat 26 kilometer van die middestad, geleë. Met meer as 74 miljoen passasiers in 2015 is dit die vierde besigste lughawe ter wêreld.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die lughawe is volgens 'n besluit van Los Angeles se stadsraad in die laat 1920's gebou en het eers in die laat 1940's by Burbank-lughawe verbygesteek om Los Angeles se grootste lughawe te word. Tegelykertyd is die naam in 1949 na <i>Los Angeles International Airport</i> gewysig. In 1958 het die argitekte-ateljee Pereira &amp; Luckman die opdrag gekry om die lughawe volgens die vereistes van die nuwe stralertydperk uit te brei. Daar is voorsiening gemaak vir 'n massiewe reeks terminaalgeboue en parkeerplekke in die sentrale gedeelte van die lughaweterrein wat deur 'n sentrale koepel van staal en glas met mekaar verbind sou word. </p><p>Dié bouplan is egter nooit ten volle uitgevoer nie en in plaas van die beplande koepel is in 1961 die kenmerkende wit <i>Theme Building</i> opgerig. Die gebou, wat ook 'n restaurant huisves, herinner aan 'n "vlieënde piering" wat op sy vier bene geland het en is deur die stadsraad in 1992 as 'n kulturele en historiese monument aangewys. </p><p>Alhoewel LAX verreweg die grootste lughawe in die metropolitaanse gebied van Los Angeles is, word die gebied vanweë sy groot oppervlak deur 'n bykomende stelsel van kleiner lughawens bedien wat dikwels nader aan belangrike toeristetrekpleisters geleë is. Hollywood en Griffith Park kan byvoorbeeld maklik deur die nabygeleë Bob Hope-lughawe in Burbank bedien word, terwyl Disneyland, die Honda Center, die Angel-stadion in <a href="/wiki/Anaheim" title="Anaheim">Anaheim</a> en ander besienswaardighede in Orange County deur die plaaslike John Wayne-lughawe bereik kan word. </p><p>Bestemmings langs die kus soos Palos Verdes en Huntington Beach is naby <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach" title="Long Beach">Long Beach</a> se lughawe geleë, terwyl die groter nedersettings van die <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a>, Riverside en San Bernardino deur die Internasionale Los Angeles-Ontario-lughawe bedien word.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die stedelike lughawe van Santa Monica, Zampernini Field-lughawe in Torrance en Van Nuys-lughawe is veral vir kleiner privaat vliegtuie van belang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Openbare_vervoer">Openbare vervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Openbare vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Openbare vervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Angeles_(California,_USA),_Union_Station_--_2012_--_4938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Los_Angeles_%28California%2C_USA%29%2C_Union_Station_--_2012_--_4938.jpg/220px-Los_Angeles_%28California%2C_USA%29%2C_Union_Station_--_2012_--_4938.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Los_Angeles_%28California%2C_USA%29%2C_Union_Station_--_2012_--_4938.jpg/330px-Los_Angeles_%28California%2C_USA%29%2C_Union_Station_--_2012_--_4938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Los_Angeles_%28California%2C_USA%29%2C_Union_Station_--_2012_--_4938.jpg/440px-Los_Angeles_%28California%2C_USA%29%2C_Union_Station_--_2012_--_4938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4029" data-file-height="2718" /></a><figcaption><i>Union Station</i> (geopen in 1939)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Metro_Picture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Metro_Picture.jpg/220px-Metro_Picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Metro_Picture.jpg/330px-Metro_Picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Metro_Picture.jpg/440px-Metro_Picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Vier voorbeelde van <i>Metro</i> se openbare vervoermiddels. Kloksgewys vanaf links bo: ligte spoorweë, busse, snelbusse en moltreine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Union-Station-LA-Waiting-Ro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Union-Station-LA-Waiting-Ro.jpg/220px-Union-Station-LA-Waiting-Ro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Union-Station-LA-Waiting-Ro.jpg/330px-Union-Station-LA-Waiting-Ro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Union-Station-LA-Waiting-Ro.jpg/440px-Union-Station-LA-Waiting-Ro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Die wagkamer van <i>Union Station</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Big_Blue_Bus_10_express.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Big_Blue_Bus_10_express.jpg/220px-Big_Blue_Bus_10_express.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Big_Blue_Bus_10_express.jpg/330px-Big_Blue_Bus_10_express.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Big_Blue_Bus_10_express.jpg/440px-Big_Blue_Bus_10_express.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption><i>Big Blue Bus</i> – 'n snelbus op die roete nommer 10 in Santa Monica</figcaption></figure> <p>Ondanks die groot oppervlakte van die stad is openbare vervoer tans nog swak ontwikkel. Daar is net vier moltreinlyne wat in 2000 ingewy is en die sowat 200 buslyne is ongeag hul uitgebreide netwerk vanweë hul relatief lae spoed meestal geen alternatief nie.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tremlyndienste is in 1963 gestaak. </p><p>Die <i>Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro)</i>, wat die openbare vervoer in die Distrik van Los Angeles beheer, is egter tans besig om die bus- en stadstreinnetwerk uit te brei; die Eastside-uitbreiding is in 2009 voltooi en bied 'n regstreekse stadstreinverbinding tussen East Los Angeles en die <a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a>. 28 nuwe Metro Rapid-buslyne het reistye vanaf 2009 met sowat 25 persent verminder en die snelbusnetwerk verbind met sy totale lengte van 400&#160;myl 34 stede en 11 nie-geïnkorporeerde nedersettings in Los Angeles County met mekaar.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Metro</i> vervoer daagliks sowat 1,7 miljoen pendelaars op sy bus-, moltrein- en ligte spoorweglyne. Die busnetwerk is met 1,4 miljoen passasiers per dag die tweede besigste in die Verenigde State. In 2005 het sowat 'n tiende van alle pendelaars in Los Angeles gebruik gemaak van openbare vervoermiddels. </p><p>Los Angeles is nog steeds 'n belangrike spoorwegsentrum vir plaaslike en transkontinentale spoorweë, terwyl Los Angeles se Pasifiese seehawe in San Pedrobaai oor die grootste houerterminaal in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> beskik. Interstedelike treindienste onder beheer van <i>Amtrak</i> verbind Los Angeles met ander metropole en stede. <i>Union Station</i>, die hoofstasie van Los Angeles, is net noord van die middestad geleë. </p><p>Na <i>Union Station</i>, wat in Mei 1939 geopen is, word dikwels as die "Laaste van die Groot Spoorwegstasies" verwys wat in die Verenigde State opgerig is. Die stasie is deur die argitekte Donald B. en John Parkinson bewustelik in 'n soort <a href="/wiki/Neogotiese_styl" title="Neogotiese styl">Neogotiese boustyl</a> met elemente van Spaanse sendingstasie-, Moorse en Streamline Moderne-boukuns ontwerp wat met die "brutale realisme" van treinstasies aan die Amerikaanse Ooskus sou kontrasteer.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sy massiewe, ryk versierde wagkamer met sy groot vensters, wat die Kaliforniese lig laat binnestroom, herinner met sy ligte styl, aardkleure en versierpatrone wat aan Indiaanse voorbeelde ontleen is, in baie opsigte aan 'n kerkskip. Nogtans is dit kleiner as vergelykbare <i>union stations</i> in ander Amerikaanse metropole. </p><p>Vandag is <i>Union Station</i> 'n belangrike terminus en tussenstasie vir nasionale en Kaliforniese <i>Amtrak</i>-passasierstreine, <i>Metrolink</i> se pendelaarstreine en ligte spoorlyne. <i>Union Station</i> dien daarnaas ook as busstasie vir 'n aantal buslyne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawefasiliteite">Hawefasiliteite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Hawefasiliteite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Hawefasiliteite"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Korean_Friendship_Bell_Roof_-_Los_Angeles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Korean_Friendship_Bell_Roof_-_Los_Angeles.JPG/220px-Korean_Friendship_Bell_Roof_-_Los_Angeles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Korean_Friendship_Bell_Roof_-_Los_Angeles.JPG/330px-Korean_Friendship_Bell_Roof_-_Los_Angeles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Korean_Friendship_Bell_Roof_-_Los_Angeles.JPG/440px-Korean_Friendship_Bell_Roof_-_Los_Angeles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption>'n Gedetailleerde aansig van die Vriendskapsklok se dakkonstruksie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Korean_Bell_of_Friendship_in_San_Pedro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Korean_Bell_of_Friendship_in_San_Pedro.jpg/220px-Korean_Bell_of_Friendship_in_San_Pedro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Korean_Bell_of_Friendship_in_San_Pedro.jpg/330px-Korean_Bell_of_Friendship_in_San_Pedro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Korean_Bell_of_Friendship_in_San_Pedro.jpg/440px-Korean_Bell_of_Friendship_in_San_Pedro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4103" data-file-height="2931" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>Korean Bell of Friendship</i> (Koreaanse Vriendskapsklok) in San Pedro is deur Korea aan Los Angeles geskenk</figcaption></figure> <p>Die seehawe van Los Angeles in San Pedro is die grootste in die Verenigde State ten opsigte van vraghouervolume en vragwaarde. In die kalenderjaar 2015 is 8,1 miljoen twintig-voet-ekwivalente eenhede (TEU) se vrag gehanteer. As die leidende poort vir handel tussen die VSA en Asië beskik die hawe oor 'n hoogs moderne houerterminaal; die grootste werkmag van gekwalifiseerde hawearbeiders; stoorgeriewe en bergplek wat in alle behoeftes van vragrederye kan voorsien; die grootste en nuutste vloot van vragvoertuie in die hele VSA asook gereelde spoorverbindings na die belangste vragspilpunte dwarsoor die land wat maklike en vinnige toegang tot die nasionale mark verseker.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vermaak-_en_mediabedryf">Vermaak- en mediabedryf</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Vermaak- en mediabedryf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vermaak- en mediabedryf"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_rolprentbedryf">Die rolprentbedryf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Die rolprentbedryf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Die rolprentbedryf"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3.jpg/220px-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3.jpg/330px-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3.jpg/440px-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>Hollywood Sign</i> is in 1923 as 'n soort aanplakbord vir erwe opgerig. Die oorspronklike letters is van hout gemaak en in 2010 op 'n openbare veiling verkoop. Hulle is deur bladmetaal-letters vervang</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg/220px-Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg/330px-Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg/440px-Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4362" data-file-height="3433" /></a><figcaption>Die vroeëre <i>May Company</i>-<a href="/wiki/Afdelingswinkel" title="Afdelingswinkel">afdelingswinkel</a> op Wilshire Boulevard, ontwerp in die Art Deco-Streamline Moderne-styl en geleë teen die westelike eindpunt van die <i>Miracle Mile</i>, het later deel uitgemaak van die <i>Los Angeles County Museum</i> se kampus. Dit is herontwikkel om 'n rolprentmuseum te huisves, <i>The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</i>, wat sy deure in 2019 sal open</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Leo_the_MGM_lion_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Leo_the_MGM_lion_1928.jpg/220px-Leo_the_MGM_lion_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Leo_the_MGM_lion_1928.jpg/330px-Leo_the_MGM_lion_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Leo_the_MGM_lion_1928.jpg/440px-Leo_the_MGM_lion_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>Elke rolprent van die MGM-ateljees begin met "Leo die leeu" se gebrul. Oor die jare het meer as een leeu die rol vertolk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg/220px-Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg/330px-Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg/440px-Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Hollywood Boulevard se Walk of Fame vereer bekende film- en musieksterre met 'n ster op die sypaadjie</figcaption></figure> <p>Hollywood, 'n stadswyk van Los Angeles, het lankal 'n sinoniem vir die Amerikaanse rolprentbedryf (die "droommasjien") geword. Die plek is op 1 Februarie 1887 deur die Wilcox-gesin gestig en het vroeër bekend gestaan vir sy Presbiteriaanse kerk, die grootste in die land. Oorspronklik was Hollywood sowat dertien kilometer van Los Angeles af geleë, en die vinnige groei het eers met die oprigting van die eerste rolprentateljee deur David Horsley se Nestor Company in 1911 begin. Die ateljee huisves nou 'n museum en vertoon 'n versameling van voorwerpe uit die tydperk van die stomfilm. </p><p>In 1911 het 'n verdere vyftien onafhanklike filmateljees (<i>Independents</i>) van New York, die destydse sentrum van die rolprentbedryf, na Los Angeles verhuis. Hulle is veral deur die aangename klimaat en die langer dae gelok – destyds was daar nog geen kunslig beskikbaar nie en rolprente is dus buite of in ateljees met 'n glasdak geskiet. Daarnaas het die groot afstand van New York ook teen voordeel van kleiner filmmaatskappye gestrek, wat nie by die magtige, New York-gebaseerde <i>Motion Pictures Patents Company (MPPC)</i> wou aansluit nie en as gevolg hiervan met hoë boetes en lisensiegelde bedreig is. </p><p>Die nuwe filmbedryf het vinnig gegroei en sy ekonomiese sukses het welvaart vir die stad gebring. Talle regisseurs en produsente soos Cecil B. DeMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky en Adolph Zukor het kantore in Hollywood geopen. Maar eers met David Griffith se epiese stomfilm <i>The Birth of A Nation</i> (1915) het die bedryf tot 'n selfstandige nywerheid met sy eie tegnieke en spesialisering ontwikkel. Teen hierdie tyd was baie kleiner maatskappye besig om bankrot te gaan of is deur groter filmateljees oorgeneem, wat hulle in die dertigerjare byna almal in voorstede soos Culver City, Burbank of West Los Angeles gevestig het. Paramount Pictures was die enigste groot rolprentateljee wat in Hollywood aangebly het. </p><p>Die nuwe wetgewing teen kartelle (deur die sogenaamde Paramount-wet van die jaar 1948 is filmateljees onder meer gedwing om van hulle rolprentteaters ontslae te raak), die groei van die buitelandse filmnywerhede ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en veral die gewildheid van televisie het tot die ekonomiese agteruitgang van Los Angeles se filmbedryf in die vyftigerjare gelei, en eers in die 1970's en 1980's het die rolprentnywerheid danksy regisseurs soos <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> en <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> 'n nuwe opswaai beleef. Hulle het die konsep van die trefferrolprent (Engels: <i>blockbuster</i>) ontwikkel – monumentale filmproduksies, wat met hulle spesiale effekte talle besoekers na die rolprentteaters gelok het. Danksy hierdie konsep het Hollywood die sinoniem van die Amerikaanse rolprentbedryf met sy professionele en vermaaklike rolprentproduksies gebly, wat op bekende akteurs en 'n gelukkige slot steun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gedrukte_media">Gedrukte media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Wysig afdeling: Gedrukte media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Gedrukte media"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:One_Wilshire_Building_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/One_Wilshire_Building_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-One_Wilshire_Building_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/One_Wilshire_Building_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/330px-One_Wilshire_Building_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/One_Wilshire_Building_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/440px-One_Wilshire_Building_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Die sentrale sakekern van Los Angeles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los-angeles-central-library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Los-angeles-central-library.jpg/220px-Los-angeles-central-library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Los-angeles-central-library.jpg/330px-Los-angeles-central-library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Los-angeles-central-library.jpg/440px-Los-angeles-central-library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>Los Angeles se openbare biblioteek – een van die grootstes ter wêreld met ses miljoen boekdele in sy magasyne – is in die finansiële distrik geleë</figcaption></figure> <p>Die belangrikste dag- en weekblaaie, wat in Los Angeles uitgegee word, is die <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, <i>La Opinión</i> ('n Spaansmedium-koerant), <i>L.A. Weekly</i>, <i>L.A. City Beat</i>, <i>Los Angeles Business Journal</i>, <i>Los Angeles Daily Journal</i>, <i>Variety</i>, <i>Los Angeles Downtown News</i>, <i>Daily News</i>, <i>Daily Breeze</i> en <i>Long Beach Press-Telegram</i>. Verskeie immigrante-gemeenskappe beskik oor hul eie media. So word sedert 1984 'n weekblad vir immigrante uit die Verenigde Koninkryk, <i>The British Weekly</i>, met 'n weeklikse sirkulasie van sowat 30&#160;000 in Los Angeles en Orange County in Santa Monica gepubliseer.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die <i>Los Angeles Times</i> is een van die nasionale dagblaaie in die VSA en met 'n sirkulasiesyfer van byna een miljoen eksemplare per dag ook die tweede grootste koerant in die land na <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Die <i>Los Angeles Times</i> het as <i>Los Angeles Daily Times</i> vir die eerste keer op 4 Desember 1881 verskyn, maar het kort daarna bankrot gegaan. Eers die befaamde uitgewer Harrison Gray Otis het daarin geslaag om van die nuusblad onder sy huidige naam 'n groot sukses te maak. </p><p>Die LA Times was aanvanklik eerder 'n konserwatiewe koerant wat die <a href="/wiki/Republikeinse_Party_(Verenigde_State)" title="Republikeinse Party (Verenigde State)">Republikeinse Party</a> gesteun het, en Otis se mediaveldtog teen die vakbonde het op 1 Oktober 1910 tot 'n bomaanslag gelei waarin 21 mense gedood en die redaksiekantore volledig verwoes is. In 1917 is Otis as uitgewer deur sy skoonseun Harry Chandler opgevolg. Die Chandler-dinastie het die <i>LA Times</i> vervolgens tot die 1980's oorheers. Onder hul bestuur het die nuusblad reeds in die 1960's begin om meer liberale standpunte in te neem. </p><p>In 2000 is die nuusblad deur die <i>Tribune Company</i> oorgeneem, een van die grootste media-ondernemings in die VSA. Die publikasie van die laaste mededingende dagblad op die plaaslike mark, die <i>Los Angeles Herald Examiner</i>, is in 1989 gestaak. Nogtans was daar teen die begin van die 21ste eeu 'n daling in die <i>LA Times</i> se sirkulasiesyfer. Desondanks het die <i>Times</i> lankal 'n reputasie as een van die leidende Amerikaanse dagblaaie opgebou en het net in 2004 vyf <a href="/wiki/Pulitzerprys" title="Pulitzerprys">Pulitzerprystoekennings</a> gewen. Slegs die <i>New York Times</i> het in hierdie opsig nog beter gevaar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur">Kultuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Kultuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Girl%27s_Dress_LACMA_37.24.67.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Girl%27s_Dress_LACMA_37.24.67.jpg/220px-Girl%27s_Dress_LACMA_37.24.67.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Girl%27s_Dress_LACMA_37.24.67.jpg/330px-Girl%27s_Dress_LACMA_37.24.67.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Girl%27s_Dress_LACMA_37.24.67.jpg/440px-Girl%27s_Dress_LACMA_37.24.67.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Mode vir meisies. VSA, omstreeks 1890<br /><small><i>Los Angeles County Museum of Art</i></small></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Image-Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Image-Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit.jpg/220px-Image-Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Image-Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit.jpg/330px-Image-Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Image-Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit.jpg/440px-Image-Disney_Concert_Hall_by_Carol_Highsmith_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3516" /></a><figcaption>Walt Disney Concert Hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Summer_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Summer_2016.png/220px-Summer_2016.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Summer_2016.png/330px-Summer_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Summer_2016.png/440px-Summer_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Los Angeles Fashion Week (LAFW) in 2016.<br />Los Angeles se modeweek word deur sy organiseerders as deel van die stad se kulturele hergeboorte beskou wat van Los Angeles een van die voorste kulturele metropole ter wêreld maak<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Los Angeles het meer museums en teaters as enige ander Amerikaanse stad,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> terwyl die gesiene dagblad <i>New York Times</i> Los Angeles se Filharmoniese Orkes (<i>Los Angeles Philharmonic</i>, of kort <i>LA Phil</i> genoem) as die "belangrikste" in die Verenigde State beskryf het.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die futuristiese <i>Walt Disney Concert Hall</i> is volgens 'n ontwerp van die bekende Kanadees-Amerikaanse argitek Frank Gehry gebou en op 23 Oktober 2003 ingewy. Die konsertgebou het danksy 'n vennootskap van Los Angeles County en privaat borge soos onder meer Lillian Disney (1899–1997) en ander lede van die Disney-familie ontstaan en huisves die Filharmoniese Orkes van Los Angeles onder leiding van Gustavo Dudamel en die <i>LA Master Chorals</i>. </p><p>Die Theater District langs die Broadway staan bekend vir sy pragtige rolprentteaters. Die <i><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Building" title="Bradbury Building">Bradbury Building</a></i>, wat in 1893 opgerig is, pronk met sy sonverligte atrium en stylvolle tralies van smeedyster om sy balkonne. In 1982 is die Bradbury net soos die nabygeleë rolprentteater <i>Million Dollar Theater</i> uit die jaar 1918 as argitektoniese agtergrond vir die Britse regisseur <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> se wetenskapsfiksie-rolprent <i><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></i> gebruik. Die eerste rolprentteater van die Verenigde State, die <i>Electric Theatre</i> wat in 1902 geopen is, is in Los Angeles geleë. </p><p>Ander ekstravagante rolprentteaters sluit die <i>Los Angeles Theater</i>, wat in 1931 binne 'n tydperk van slegs 90 dae vir die première van <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> se <i>City Lights</i> opgerig is, en die <i>Orpheum</i> in, 'n pragtige voorbeeld van die Neorenaissance-boustyl met breë trappe en elegante ligkrone. </p><p>Die <i>Hollywood Bowl</i>, 'n natuurlike amfiteater, is in die heuwellandskap buite Los Angeles geleë en huisves die Filharmoniese Orkes van Los Angeles en die Hollywood Bowl-orkes. Kunstenaars soos die <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a> het al hier opgetree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33" title="Wysig afdeling: Museums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Museums"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Getty_Center_Central_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Getty_Center_Central_Garden.jpg/220px-Getty_Center_Central_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Getty_Center_Central_Garden.jpg/330px-Getty_Center_Central_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Getty_Center_Central_Garden.jpg/440px-Getty_Center_Central_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Die sentrale tuin van die Getty Center</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Getty_Museum_(2344713792).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Getty_Museum_%282344713792%29.jpg/220px-Getty_Museum_%282344713792%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Getty_Museum_%282344713792%29.jpg/330px-Getty_Museum_%282344713792%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Getty_Museum_%282344713792%29.jpg/440px-Getty_Museum_%282344713792%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Getty Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Los Angeles beskik oor 'n groot aantal beduidende museums soos die <i>History Center of the California Historical Society</i>, die <i>Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center</i>, die <i>Southwest Museum</i> met sy versameling van Eerste Nasies-kuns, die <i>J. Paul Getty Museum</i> en die <i>Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA)</i>. </p><p>Die <i>Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA)</i> is in 1986 op die Grand Avenue se California Plaza geopen. Die gebouekompleks, 'n speelse ontwerp met rooierige, geometriese blokke, is deur die Japannese argitek <a href="/wiki/Arata_Isozaki" title="Arata Isozaki">Arata Isozaki</a> geskep wat na die gebou as "'n klein dorp in die vallei van wolkekrabbers" verwys het. Die museum vertoon 'n indrukwekkende versameling van skilderye en beelde van Franz Kline, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rothko" title="Mark Rothko">Mark Rothko</a>, Robert Rauschenberg, Claes Oldenburg en Antoni Tapies. </p><p>Die <i>Santa Monica Museum of Art</i> in die voorstad Santa Monica lok kunsliefhebbers met sy versameling van eietydse kuns. Die <i>Getty Museum</i>, 'n instelling van wêreldfaam, is in Brentwood geleë, 'n distrik van West Los Angeles in die Santa Monica-berge. Die sentrum huisves sedert 1997 die <i>J. Paul Getty Museum</i> en ander wetenskaplike instellings soos die <i>Getty Conservation Institute</i> wat veral restourasiewerk doen, en die <i>Getty Leadership Institute</i>, 'n opleidingsentrum vir vakpersoneel van musea. </p><p>Die miljardêr J. Paul Getty se persoonlike versameling van sowat 50&#160;000 kunswerke, waaronder veral klassieke kuns soos beeldhouwerke, skilderye, tekeninge, manuskripte en foto's, word in die <i><a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">J. Paul Getty Museum</a></i> vertoon wat vrye toegang aan besoekers bied. </p><p>Die gebouekompleks is deur die Amerikaanse argitek Richard Meier ontwerp en in die tydperk tussen 1991 en 1997 opgerig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groen_ruimtes">Groen ruimtes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34" title="Wysig afdeling: Groen ruimtes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Groen ruimtes"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Griffith_Park">Griffith Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=35" title="Wysig afdeling: Griffith Park" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Griffith Park"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Angeles_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Los_Angeles_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Los_Angeles_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Los_Angeles_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Los_Angeles_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Los_Angeles_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Los_Angeles_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5313" data-file-height="3460" /></a><figcaption>Rooms-Katolieke Katedraal van Ons Dame van die Engele</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Skyline_from_Griffith_Observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Skyline_from_Griffith_Observatory.jpg/220px-Skyline_from_Griffith_Observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Skyline_from_Griffith_Observatory.jpg/330px-Skyline_from_Griffith_Observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Skyline_from_Griffith_Observatory.jpg/440px-Skyline_from_Griffith_Observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5182" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Die sterrehemel en LA se stadshorison soos gesien vanuit die Griffith-sterrewag</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Travel_Town,_Los_Angeles-7079764681.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Travel_Town%2C_Los_Angeles-7079764681.jpg/220px-Travel_Town%2C_Los_Angeles-7079764681.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Travel_Town%2C_Los_Angeles-7079764681.jpg/330px-Travel_Town%2C_Los_Angeles-7079764681.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Travel_Town%2C_Los_Angeles-7079764681.jpg/440px-Travel_Town%2C_Los_Angeles-7079764681.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Historiese lokomotiewe in die <i>Travel Town Museum</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Griffith Park, geleë in die Hollywood Hills net noord van die stadsbuurt Los Feliz, is die tiende grootste Amerikaanse park in munisipale besit en een van die mees uitgestrekte stedelike parke in Noord-Amerika met 'n oppervlakte van meer as 4&#160;300 akkers en landskapsvorme wat van sagte groen velde en heuwels tot ruwe berghellings strek. Die park, wat oorspronklik deel uitgemaak het van die landgoed Rancho Los Feliz, is genoem na sy vroeëre eienaar, "kolonel" Griffith J. Griffith, 'n <a href="/wiki/Wallis" title="Wallis">Walliese</a> nyweraar en filantroop.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1896 het Griffith vyf vierkante myl se grond op sy landgoed aan die inwoners van Los Angeles (of, soos hy dit gestel het, die stad se <i>plain people</i><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) bemaak. Die park is danksy verdere grondskenkings, munisipale grondaankope en privaat grond, wat in die publieke domein geval het, uitgebrei tot sy huidige grootte. </p><p>Tans is sommige van Los Angeles se besienswaardighede in Griffith Park geleë: Los Angeles se diere- en botaniese tuin, die Griffith-sterrewag, die Hollywood-kenteken, die opelugteater <i>The Greek Theatre</i>, die Autrey-museum van die Amerikaanse Weste, die spoorwegmuseum <i>Travel Town Museum</i> en <i>Sunset Ranch Hollywood</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Los_Angeles_se_dieretuin_en_botaniese_tuin">Los Angeles se dieretuin en botaniese tuin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=36" title="Wysig afdeling: Los Angeles se dieretuin en botaniese tuin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Los Angeles se dieretuin en botaniese tuin"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens</i> is in 1966 op 'n perseel van 133 akkers in Griffith Park gevestig. Tans word in die dieretuin 1&#160;100 diere van meer as 250 spesies aangehou, insluitende 29 wat as bedreig beskou word. Die botaniese tuin se versamelings sluit verskeie plantetuine in waar meer as 7&#160;400 plante van meer as 800 spesies besigtig kan word. </p><p>Die dieretuin, wat jaarliks meer as 1,5 miljoen besoekers lok, word deur bestuur deur sy eienaar, die Stad Los Angeles. Belangrike afdelings sluit in LAIR (met lewende <a href="/wiki/Amfibie" class="mw-redirect" title="Amfibie">amfibieë</a>, werwelloses en <a href="/wiki/Reptiel" title="Reptiel">reptiele</a>), <a href="/wiki/Olifant" title="Olifant">olifante</a> van Asië, die Campo-Gorillareservaat, die <i>Tom Mankiewicz Conservation Carousel</i> en die nuwe uitstalling oor die "Reënwoude van die Amerikas". </p><p>Die dieretuin is daarnaas aktief betrokke by die bewaring van Kaliforniese kondors, alhoewel hulle nie in die tuin vertoon word nie. Hierdie inheemse roofvoël is van uitwissing bedreig nadat meedoënlose jag op hom gemaak is met loodkoeëls en vergiftigde karkasse, terwyl ook kragleidings en die organochloorproduk <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> hul tol geëis het. Eers in die laat 1990's is enkeles vrygelaat om weer hul plek in hul natuurlike habitat, die klowe van die <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a>, in te neem.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Susterstede">Susterstede</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=37" title="Wysig afdeling: Susterstede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Susterstede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_Angeles_City_Hall_with_sister_cities_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_with_sister_cities_2006.jpg/170px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_with_sister_cities_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_with_sister_cities_2006.jpg/255px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_with_sister_cities_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_with_sister_cities_2006.jpg/340px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_with_sister_cities_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>'n Teken naby die stadsaal wys na Los Angeles se susterstede</figcaption></figure> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Vlag van Israel"><img alt="Vlag van Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, sedert 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagoja" title="Nagoja">Nagoja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, sedert 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Brasilië"><img alt="Vlag van Brasilië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_da_Bahia" title="Salvador da Bahia">Salvador da Bahia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasilië</a>, sedert 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>, sedert 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, sedert 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zambi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Zambië"><img alt="Vlag van Zambië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambi%C3%AB" title="Zambië">Zambië</a>, sedert 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Vlag van Meksiko"><img alt="Vlag van Meksiko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Meksikostad" title="Meksikostad">Meksikostad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>, sedert 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Vlag van Nieu-Seeland"><img alt="Vlag van Nieu-Seeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Nieu-Seeland">Nieu-Seeland</a>, sedert 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Vlag van Suid-Korea"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a>, sedert 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Indië"><img alt="Vlag van Indië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a>, sedert 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Vlag van Iran"><img alt="Vlag van Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, sedert 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republiek_van_China" title="Vlag van Republiek van China"><img alt="Vlag van Republiek van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China">Republiek China</a>, sedert 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China"><img alt="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>, sedert 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Vlag van Griekeland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a>, sedert 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sint_Petersburg" title="Sint Petersburg">Sint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, sedert 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Vlag van Kanada"><img alt="Vlag van Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, sedert 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Vlag van Egipte"><img alt="Vlag van Egipte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, sedert 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Indonesië"><img alt="Vlag van Indonesië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Djakarta" title="Djakarta">Djakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a>, sedert 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Vlag van Litaue"><img alt="Vlag van Litaue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a>, sedert 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Vlag van Filippyne"><img alt="Vlag van Filippyne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Makati (bladsy bestaan nie)">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a>, sedert 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Kroasië"><img alt="Vlag van Kroasië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Split&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Split (bladsy bestaan nie)">Split</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a>, sedert 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="Vlag van El Salvador"><img alt="Vlag van El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/22px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/33px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/44px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, sedert 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Vlag van Libanon"><img alt="Vlag van Libanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Beiroet" title="Beiroet">Beiroet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a>, sedert 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ischia,_Kampani%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ischia, Kampanië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ischia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, sedert 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Armenië"><img alt="Vlag van Armenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan">Jerewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a>, sedert 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_54-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=38" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports/estimates/e-1/documents/E-1_2016PressRelease.pdf">Persverslag van die Kaliforniese Departement van Finansies, uitgereik op 2 Mei 2016. Besoek op 7 Junie 2016</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604031730/http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports/estimates/e-1/documents/E-1_2016PressRelease.pdf">Geargiveer</a> 4 Junie 2016 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Bob Pool: <i>City of Angels' First Name Still Bedevils Historians</i>. In: <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, 26 Maart 2005. Aanlyn beskikbaar: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2005/mar/26/local/me-name26"><i>articles.latimes.com</i></a>. Alternatiewe name of spellings, wat deur historici voorgestel is, is <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de los Angeles</i>, <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Senñora la Reyna de los Angeles</i>, <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Senñora de los Angeles de la Porciuncula</i>, <i>El Pueblo de Nuestra Senñora la Reyna de los Angeles del Rio Porciuncula</i>, <i>El Pueblo de la Reina de los Angeles Sobre el Rio de Porciuncula</i>, <i>Pueblo del Rio de Nuestra Senñora la Reyna de los Angeles de Porciuncula</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/183808/gmp-of-the-20-biggest-metro-areas/"><i>Statista.com: Forecasted Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of the United States in 2020, by metropolitan area</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/sports/olympics/la-sp-la-olympics-approved-20170913-story.html"><i>Los Angeles Times, 13 September 2017: L.A. Officially Awarded 2028 Games. Besoek op 14 September 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-almanac-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-almanac_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03b.php">"Settlement of Los Angeles"</a>. Los Angeles Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902084302/http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03b.php">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Settlement+of+Los+Angeles&amp;rft.pub=Los+Angeles+Almanac&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laalmanac.com%2Fhistory%2Fhi03b.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALos+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-12-me-2-story.html">"Ooh L.A. 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Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 Januarie</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ooh+L.A.+L.A.&amp;rft.pub=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.date=1991-12-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-12-12-me-2-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALos+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBob_Pool2005" class="citation web cs1">Bob Pool (26 Maart 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-26-me-name26-story.html">"City of Angels' First Name Still Bedevils Historians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021233935/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-26-me-name26-story.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 21 Oktober 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Besoek op 10 September 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/visuals/graphics/la-me-g-hollywood-fault-map-20141106-htmlstory.html"><i>Los Angeles Times, 6 November 2014: Do you live in the Hollywood fault zone? Besoek op 2 Junie 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/world/la-me-mexico-quake-earth-warning-20170908-htmlstory.html#nws=mcnewsletter"><i>Los Angeles Times, 8 September 2017: Mexico got early warning before deadly earthquake struck. When will California get that system? Besoek op 10 September 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/greater-la/in-altadena-the-sierra-madre-fault-rises-to-the-surface/you-may-survive-the-big-one-but-las-water-supply-may-not"><i>KRCW News, 9 Julie 2019: You may survive the Big One, but LA’s water supply may not. Besoek op 16 Julie 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laalmanac.com/weather/we05.htm"><i>LA Almanac: Die verwarming van Los Angeles</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=269">"Los Angeles, California"</a>. 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Besoek op 22 April 2020</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://californiamissionsfoundation.org/presidios/"><i>California Missions Foundation: Presidios. Besoek op 22 April 2020</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Janet L. Abu-Lughod: <i>New York, Chicago, Los Angeles. America's Global Cities</i>. Minneapolis – London: University of Minnesota Press 1999, bl. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Abu-Lughod (1999), bl. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Abu-Lughod (1999), bl. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Allen J. Scott en Edward W. Soja (reds.): <i>The City. Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth Century</i>. Sagteband-uitgawe. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press 1998, bl. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthitectural.com/brooks-scarpa-cherokee-lofts/"><i>www.architectural.com: Brooks + Scarpa | Cherokee Lofts. Besoek op 20 April 2017</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711182214/https://www.arthitectural.com/brooks-scarpa-cherokee-lofts/">Geargiveer</a> 11 Julie 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooksscarpa.com/cherokee-studios"><i>Brooks + Scarpa: Cherokee Studios. Besoek op 20 April 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://la.curbed.com/archives/2014/12/la_housing_prices_have_gone_up_more_than_anywhere_else_in_the_last_14_years.php"><i>la.curbed.com, 10 Desember 2014: Los Angeles Housing Prices Have Gone Up More Than Anywhere Else in the Last 14 Years. Besoek op 31 Maart 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-california-migration-20150101-story.html"><i>Los Angeles Times, 1 Januarie 2015: California's high housing costs drive out poor, middle-income workers. Besoek op 31 Maart 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/04/16/601970552/californias-housing-crisis-working-but-on-the-brink-of-homelessness"><i>npr.org, 16 April 2018: California Housing Crisis: Working But On The Brink Of Homelessness. Besoek op 12 Augustus 2018</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apartmentguide.com/apartments/California/Los-Angeles/"><i>apartmentguide.com: California | Los Angeles. Besoek op 15 Mei 2018</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la.curbed.com/2019/8/13/20804519/los-angeles-rental-prices-data"><i>LA Curbed, 13 Augustus 2019: LA rental prices keep on climbing. Besoek op 22 April 2020</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <i>Los Angeles Times, 3 Julie 2019: Rents on controlled apartments in Los Angeles can now rise 4%. Blame inflation</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hacla.org/aboutpublichousing"><i>www.hacla.org: About Public Housing. Besoek op 28 Julie 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/Los-Angeles-Economy.html"><i>City-Data.com: Los Angeles: Economy. Besoek op 10 September 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Oladele Ogunseitan (General editor) and Paul Robbins (Series editor): <i>Green Health. An A-to-Z Guide</i>. Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC: SAGE Publications 2011, bl. 439</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laalmanac.com/transport/tr04.htm"><i>LA Almanac – Los Angeles’ Auto Manufacturing Past. Besoek op 25 Junie 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laconservancy.org/history-garden-apartments"><i>Los Angeles Conservancy: History of Garden Apartments. Besoek op 16 Mei 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <i>Los Angeles – Südkalifornien</i>. München: Verlag C. J. Bucher 2000, bl. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Tim Street Porter: <i>Freestyle. The New Architecture and Design from Los Angeles</i>. New York, NY: Stewart, Tabori &amp; Chang 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Scott L. Bottles: <i>Los Angeles and the Automobile. The Making of the Modern City</i>. Berkeley en Los Angeles: University of California Press 1987, bl. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Bottles (1987), bl. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airport-la.com/info/airport.html"><i>www.airport-la.com: Airport info. Besoek op 29 Mei 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/places/places-of-a-lifetime/losangeles-thebasics.html"><i>National Geographic: People and Places – Los Angeles: The Basics</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/places/places-of-a-lifetime/losangeles-thebasics.html"><i>National Geographic: People and Places – Los Angeles: The Basics</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro.net/projects_programs/srtp.htm"><i>www.metro.net: 2003 Short Range Transportation Plan 2003</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080211220857/http://www.metro.net/projects_programs/srtp.htm">Geargiveer</a> 11 Februarie 2008 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <i>MERIAN Kalifornien</i>. Nommer 4, volume 51, April 1998. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe, bl. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverlosangeles.com/blog/classic-downtown-la-architecture"><i>Classic Downtown L.A. Architecture. Besoek op 14 Mei 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portoflosangeles.org/idx_history.asp"><i>The Port of Los Angeles: History – The Port Today. Besoek op 7 Junie 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-weekly.com/?page_id=15313"><i>The British Weekly – About Us. Besoek op 10 Mei 2018</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lafw.net/"><i>LA Fashion Week – Who We Are. Besoek op 17 Augustus 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverlosangeles.com/what-to-do/culture"><i>Discover Los Angeles: Culture. Besoek op 29 Februarie 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/arts/music/los-angeles-has-americas-most-important-orchestra-period.html?_r=0">Zachary Woolfe: <i>Los Angeles Has America’s Most Important Orchestra. Period</i>. In: <i>New York Times</i>, 18 April 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverlosangeles.com/blog/guide-las-griffith-park"><i>Discover Los Angeles: The Guide to Griffith Park. Besoek op 5 Junie 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/the-complex-life-of-griffith-j-griffith"><i>KCET.org: History &amp; Society – The Complex Life of Griffith J. Griffith. Besoek op 25 Maart 2020</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m24lbarg01.naspers.com/argief/berigte/landbouweekblad/2000/07/28/44/1.html">Gerhard Verdoorn: <i>Sasol se aasvoël- en boerereeks (7): Gifplanters saai ellende onder aasvreters</i>. In: <i>Landbouweekblad</i>, 28 Julie 2000. Besoek op 17 Augustus 2017</a> <sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Susterstede-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-0">54,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-1">54,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-2">54,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-3">54,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-4">54,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-5">54,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-6">54,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-7">54,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-8">54,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-9">54,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-10">54,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-11">54,11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-12">54,12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-13">54,13</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-14">54,14</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-15">54,15</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-16">54,16</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-17">54,17</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-18">54,18</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-19">54,19</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-20">54,20</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-21">54,21</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-22">54,22</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-23">54,23</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_54-24">54,24</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sistercities.lacity.org">"Sister Cities of Los Angeles"</a>. Los Angeles<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sister+Cities+of+Los+Angeles&amp;rft.pub=Los+Angeles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsistercities.lacity.org&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALos+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=39" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Los_Angeles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Algemene inligting</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Los_Angeles">Los Angeles</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lacity.org/"><i>Amptelike webwerf</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laalmanac.com/index.php"><i>Los Angeles Almanac</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Los-Angeles-California">"Los Angeles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Los+Angeles&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FLos-Angeles-California&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALos+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Argitektuur en stadsbeplanning</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laconservancy.org/explore-la/curating-city/modern-architecture-la/history-la-modernism"><i>Los Angeles Conservancy: History of L.A. Modernism</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2017/feb/09/unbuilt-los-angeles-city-might-have-been-in-pictures"><i>The Guardian, Manchester, 9 Februarie 2017: Unbuilt Los Angeles: the city that might have been – in pictures</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/aug/24/radical-alternative-reyner-banham-man-changed-perception-los-angeles"><i>The Guardian, Manchester, 24 Augustus 2016: A 'radical alternative': how one man changed the perception of Los Angeles</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2011/04/reading-la-banhams-four-ecologies-turns-40.html"><i>Los Angeles Times, 22 April 2011: Reading L.A.: A Reyner Banham classic turns 40</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laconservancy.org/"><i>Los Angeles Conservancy</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plan.lamayor.org/"><i>The Sustainable City pLAn</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/architectural-landmarks-los-angeles/all"><i>Architectural Digest: 25 Must-See Architectural Landmarks in Los Angeles</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2019/jan/09/concrete-city-beauty-los-angeles-in-pictures"><i>The Guardian, 9 Januarie 2019: Concrete city: the beauty of Los Angeles' most popular material – in pictures</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/architects-lounge/a1159-autobiography-of-walt-disney-concert-hall/"><i>Rethinking the Future: Autobiography of Walt Disney Concert Hall</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Los Angeles en sy veranderende fisieke omgewing</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcadis.com/en/global/arcadis-blog/nate-cherry/future-city-la-part-i-mobility/">Nate Cherry, Arcadis: <i>Future City L.A. - Part I: Mobility</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcadis.com/en/global/arcadis-blog/nate-cherry/future-city-la-part-ii-the-impresario/">Nate Cherry, Arcadis: <i>Future City L.A.- Part II: The Impresario</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcadis.com/en/global/arcadis-blog/nate-cherry/future-city-la-part-iii-pluralist-infrastructure/">Nate Cherry, Arcadis: <i>Future City L.A. - Part III: Pluralist Infrastructure</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Musiek</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/ng-interactive/2017/feb/07/los-angeles-music-artists-playlist-kendrick-lamar-warpaint-joanna-newsom"><i>The Guardian – The Sound of LA</i></a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table 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