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<span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Veneration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rule_of_Saint_Benedict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule_of_Saint_Benedict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i>Rule of Saint Benedict</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rule_of_Saint_Benedict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint_Benedict_Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Benedict_Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Saint Benedict Medal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Benedict_Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>The Rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Benedict of Nursia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benediktus_van_Nursia" title="Benediktus van Nursia – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Benediktus van Nursia" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_von_Nursia" title="Benedikt von Nursia – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Benedikt von Nursia" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بندكت النيرسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندكت النيرسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benitu_de_Nursia" title="Benitu de Nursia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Benitu de Nursia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Бенедыкт Нурсійскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бенедыкт Нурсійскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Бэнэдыкт Нурсійскі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэнэдыкт Нурсійскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Бенедикт Нурсийски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бенедикт Нурсийски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_vo_Nursia" title="Benedikt vo Nursia – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Benedikt vo Nursia" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Benedikt" title="Sveti Benedikt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sveti Benedikt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benead_Norcia" title="Benead Norcia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Benead Norcia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benet_de_N%C3%BArsia" title="Benet de Núrsia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Benet de Núrsia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_z_Nursie" title="Benedikt z Nursie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Benedikt z Nursie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bened_o_Nursia" title="Bened o Nursia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bened o Nursia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_af_Nurcia" title="Benedikt af Nurcia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Benedikt af Nurcia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_von_Nursia" title="Benedikt von Nursia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Benedikt von Nursia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictus" title="Benedictus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Benedictus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%B5%CE%BA_%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βενέδικτος ο εκ Νουρσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βενέδικτος ο εκ Νουρσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_de_Nursia" title="Benito de Nursia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Benito de Nursia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikto_de_Nursio" title="Benedikto de Nursio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Benedikto de Nursio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikto_Nursiakoa" title="Benedikto Nursiakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Benedikto Nursiakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بندیکت نرسیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بندیکت نرسیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6nadikt_%C3%BAr_Nursia" title="Bænadikt úr Nursia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bænadikt úr Nursia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_de_Nursie" title="Benoît de Nursie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Benoît de Nursie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benediktus_fan_Nursia" title="Benediktus fan Nursia – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Benediktus fan Nursia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinidict_%C3%B3_Nursia" title="Beinidict ó Nursia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beinidict ó Nursia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieito_de_Nursia" title="Bieito de Nursia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bieito de Nursia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%84%EB%A5%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%EB%94%95%ED%86%A0" title="누르시아의 베네딕토 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="누르시아의 베네딕토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF_%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Բենեդիկտ Նուրսիացի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բենեդիկտ Նուրսիացի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Benedikt_iz_Nursije" title="Sveti Benedikt iz Nursije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveti Benedikt iz Nursije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictus_de_Nursia" title="Benedictus de Nursia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Benedictus de Nursia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benediktus_dari_Nursia" title="Benediktus dari Nursia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benediktus dari Nursia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_fr%C3%A1_N%C3%BArs%C3%ADu" title="Benedikt frá Núrsíu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Benedikt frá Núrsíu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetto_da_Norcia" title="Benedetto da Norcia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Benedetto da Norcia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="בנדיקטוס מנורסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנדיקטוס מנורסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Nursie_t%CA%8B" title="Benoît Nursie tʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Benoît Nursie tʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikto_wa_Nursia" title="Benedikto wa Nursia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Benedikto wa Nursia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictus_de_Nursia" title="Benedictus de Nursia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Benedictus de Nursia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursijas_Benedikts" title="Nursijas Benedikts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nursijas Benedikts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v._Benediktas_Nursijietis" title="Šv. Benediktas Nursijietis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šv. Benediktas Nursijietis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Beneito" title="San Beneito – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="San Beneito" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursiai_Szent_Benedek" title="Nursiai Szent Benedek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nursiai Szent Benedek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Бенедикт Нурсиски – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бенедикт Нурсиски" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikto_any_Nursia" title="Benedikto any Nursia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Benedikto any Nursia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="നർസിയായിലെ ബെനഡിക്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നർസിയായിലെ ബെനഡിക്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89" title="بندكت النيرسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بندكت النيرسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bento_de_N%C3%BArsia" title="Bento de Núrsia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bento de Núrsia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictus_van_Nursia" title="Benedictus van Nursia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Benedictus van Nursia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8C%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%83%99%E3%83%8D%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9" title="ヌルシアのベネディクトゥス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヌルシアのベネディクトゥス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_av_Nursia" title="Benedikt av Nursia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Benedikt av Nursia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Bene%C3%AEt" title="Saint Beneît – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Saint Beneît" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bened%C3%A8t_%C3%ABd_N%C3%B2rcia" title="Benedèt ëd Nòrcia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Benedèt ëd Nòrcia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedykt_z_Nursji" title="Benedykt z Nursji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Benedykt z Nursji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bento_de_N%C3%BArsia" title="Bento de Núrsia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bento de Núrsia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_de_Nursia" title="Benedict de Nursia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Benedict de Nursia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Бенедикт Нурсийский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бенедикт Нурсийский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetto_dae_Norcia" title="Benedetto dae Norcia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Benedetto dae Norcia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikti_i_Nursis%C3%AB" title="Benedikti i Nursisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Benedikti i Nursisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Binidittu_di_Nurcia" title="San Binidittu di Nurcia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="San Binidittu di Nurcia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Benedict of Nursia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_z_Nursie" title="Benedikt z Nursie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Benedikt z Nursie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_Nursijski" title="Benedikt Nursijski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Benedikt Nursijski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Бенедикт Нурсијски – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бенедикт Нурсијски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Benedikt" title="Sveti Benedikt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sveti Benedikt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictus_Nursialainen" title="Benedictus Nursialainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Benedictus Nursialainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_av_Nursia" title="Benedikt av Nursia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Benedikt av Nursia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_ng_Nursia" title="Benito ng Nursia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Benito ng Nursia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="நூர்சியாவின் பெனடிக்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நூர்சியாவின் பெனடிக்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เบเนดิกต์แห่งเนอร์เซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบเนดิกต์แห่งเนอร์เซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursial%C4%B1_Benediktus" title="Nursialı Benediktus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nursialı Benediktus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Бенедикт Нурсійський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенедикт Нурсійський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Ben%C3%A9to_da_Norcia" title="San Benéto da Norcia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="San Benéto da Norcia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_th%C3%A0nh_Norcia" title="Biển Đức thành Norcia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Đức thành Norcia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_han_Nursia" title="Benito han Nursia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Benito han Nursia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83" title="圣本笃 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣本笃" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4" title="聖本篤 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖本篤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83" title="努西亚的本笃 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="努西亚的本笃" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44265#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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searchaux" style="display:none">6th-century Italian Catholic saint and monk</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Saint Benedict" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint Benedict (disambiguation)">Saint Benedict (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Special:EditPage/Benedict of Nursia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Benedict+of+Nursia%22">"Benedict of Nursia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Benedict+of+Nursia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Benedict+of+Nursia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Benedict+of+Nursia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Benedict+of+Nursia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Benedict+of+Nursia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Benedict of Nursia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Memling,_Trittico_di_Benedetto_Portinari,_San_Benedetto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Memling, Trittico di Benedetto Portinari, San Benedetto"><img alt="Memling, Trittico di Benedetto Portinari, San Benedetto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Memling%2C_Trittico_di_Benedetto_Portinari%2C_San_Benedetto.jpg/250px-Memling%2C_Trittico_di_Benedetto_Portinari%2C_San_Benedetto.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Memling%2C_Trittico_di_Benedetto_Portinari%2C_San_Benedetto.jpg/375px-Memling%2C_Trittico_di_Benedetto_Portinari%2C_San_Benedetto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Memling%2C_Trittico_di_Benedetto_Portinari%2C_San_Benedetto.jpg/500px-Memling%2C_Trittico_di_Benedetto_Portinari%2C_San_Benedetto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="1013" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A portrait of Saint Benedict as depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Portinari_Triptych" title="Benedetto Portinari Triptych">Benedetto Portinari Triptych</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Founder of the Benedictine Order, Exorcist, Mystic, Abbot of Monte Cassino, and Father of Western Monasticism</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">480-03-02</span>)</span>2 March 480<br /><a href="/wiki/Nursia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursia">Nursia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(476%E2%80%93493)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (476–493)">Kingdom of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 March 547<span style="display:none">(547-03-21)</span> (aged 67)<br /><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Mons Casinus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data">All <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> which <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneration of saints"> venerate saints</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1220, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III" title="Pope Honorius III">Pope Honorius III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Monte Cassino Abbey, with his burial<br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire">Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>, France<br /> </p> Sacro Speco, at Subiaco, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11 July (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>)<br />14 March (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>)<br />21 March (pre-1970 General Roman Calendar)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Bell</li><li>Book inscribed <a href="/wiki/Ora_et_labora" title="Ora et labora"> "Pray and Work"</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>Broken cup and serpent representing poison</li><li>Broken utensil</li><li>Bush</li><li>Crosier</li><li>Man in a Benedictine cowl holding Benedict's rule or a rod of discipline</li><li>Raven</li><li>holding a bound <a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_sticks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundle of sticks">bundle of sticks</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Against poison</li><li>Against curses</li><li>Agricultural workers</li><li>Cavers</li><li>Civil engineers</li><li><a href="/wiki/Coppersmith" title="Coppersmith">Coppersmiths</a></li><li>Dying people</li><li><a href="/wiki/Erysipelas" title="Erysipelas">Erysipelas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></li><li>Farmers</li><li>Fever</li><li>Gall stones</li><li><a href="/wiki/Heerdt" title="Heerdt">Heerdt</a>, Germany</li><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Officers_of_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Officers of arms">Officers of arms</a></li><li>the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Christ_the_King_Sovereign_Priest" title="Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest">Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest</a></li><li>Inflammatory diseases</li><li>Italian architects</li><li>Kidney disease</li><li>Monks</li><li>Nettle rash</li><li>Norcia, Italy</li><li>People in religious orders</li><li><a href="/wiki/San_Beda_University" title="San Beda University">San Beda University</a></li><li>Schoolchildren and students</li><li>Servants who have broken their master's belongings</li><li>Speleologists</li><li>Spelunkers</li><li>Temptations</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benedict of Nursia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Benedictus Nursiae</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Benedetto da Norcia</i>; 2 March 480 – 21 March 547), often known as <b>Saint Benedict</b>, was an <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in Italy"> Italian Catholic</a> monk. He is famed in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barry1995_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barry1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ramshaw1983_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramshaw1983-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, Pope <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul VI">Paul VI</a> declared Benedict a <a href="/wiki/Patron_saints_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron saints of Europe">patron saint of Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at <a href="/wiki/Subiaco,_Lazio" title="Subiaco, Lazio"> Subiaco</a> in present-day Lazio, Italy (about 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the east of Rome), before moving southeast to <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> in the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">central Italy</a>. The present-day <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Order of Saint Benedict</a> emerged later and, moreover, is not an <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order"> "order"</a> as the term is commonly understood, but a confederation of autonomous <a href="/wiki/Congregation_(group_of_houses)" title="Congregation (group of houses)"> congregations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holder2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holder2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benedict's main achievement, his <i><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Benedict" title="Rule of Saint Benedict">Rule of Saint Benedict</a></i>, contains a set of <a href="/wiki/Decree_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decree (canon law)"> rules</a> for his monks to follow. Heavily influenced by the writings of <a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 360</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">  435</span>), it shows strong affinity with the earlier <i><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Master" title="Rule of the Master">Rule of the Master</a></i>, but it also has a unique spirit of balance, moderation and reasonableness (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐπιείκεια</span></span>, <i>epieíkeia</i>), which persuaded most Christian religious communities founded throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> to adopt it. As a result, Benedict's <a href="/wiki/Monastic_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic rule"> Rule</a> became one of the most influential religious rules in Western <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. For this reason, Giuseppe Carletti regarded Benedict as the founder of <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Western_Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Western Christian monasticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from a short poem attributed to Mark of Monte Cassino,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the only ancient account of Benedict is found in the second volume of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a>'s four-book <i>Dialogues</i>, thought to have been written in 593,<sup id="cite_ref-ford_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ford-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the authenticity of this work is disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-dialogues_book_two_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogues_book_two-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gregory's account of Benedict's life, however, is not a biography in the modern sense of the word. It provides instead a <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">spiritual portrait</a> of the gentle, disciplined abbot. In a letter to Bishop Maximilian of Syracuse, Gregory states his intention for his <i>Dialogues</i>, saying they are a kind of <i>floretum</i> (an <i>anthology</i>, literally, 'flower garden') of the most striking miracles of Italian holy men.<sup id="cite_ref-fn_4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gregory did not set out to write a chronological, historically anchored story of Benedict, but he did base his anecdotes on direct testimony. To establish his authority, Gregory explains that his information came from what he considered the best sources: a handful of Benedict's disciples who lived with him and witnessed his various miracles. These followers, he says, are Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a> of Monte Cassino, <a href="/wiki/Honoratus" title="Honoratus">Honoratus</a>, who was abbot of Subiaco when St. Gregory wrote his <i>Dialogues</i>, <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinianus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a>. </p><p>In Gregory's day, history was not recognised as an independent field of study; it was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and <i>historia</i> was an account that summed up the findings of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered history.<sup id="cite_ref-fn_6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory's <i>Dialogues</i>, Book Two, then, an authentic <a href="/wiki/Hagiography#Medieval_England" title="Hagiography">medieval hagiography</a> cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter,<sup id="cite_ref-Colgrave_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colgrave-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is designed to teach spiritual lessons.<sup id="cite_ref-ford_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ford-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benedict was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> noble of <a href="/wiki/Nursia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursia">Nursia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ford_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ford-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knowles_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the modern <a href="/wiki/Norcia" title="Norcia">Norcia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>. If 480 is accepted as the year of his birth, the year of his abandonment of his studies and leaving home would be about 500. Gregory's narrative makes it impossible to suppose him younger than 20 at the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Benedict was sent to Rome to study, but was disappointed by the academic studies he encountered there. Seeking to flee the great city, he left with his nurse and settled in <a href="/wiki/Enfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfide">Enfide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enfide, which the tradition of Subiaco identifies with the modern <a href="/wiki/Affile" title="Affile">Affile</a>, is in the <a href="/wiki/Simbruini" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbruini">Simbruini</a> mountains, about forty miles from Rome<sup id="cite_ref-Knowles_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two miles from Subiaco. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedetto,_Mauro_e_Placido.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Benedetto%2C_Mauro_e_Placido.jpg/200px-Benedetto%2C_Mauro_e_Placido.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Benedetto%2C_Mauro_e_Placido.jpg/300px-Benedetto%2C_Mauro_e_Placido.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Benedetto%2C_Mauro_e_Placido.jpg/400px-Benedetto%2C_Mauro_e_Placido.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption><i>Saint Benedict orders <a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurus" title="Saint Maurus">Saint Maurus</a> to the rescue of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Placidus" title="Saint Placidus">Saint Placidus</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Fra_Filippo_Lippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fra Filippo Lippi">Fra Filippo Lippi</a>, AD 1445</figcaption></figure> <p>A short distance from Enfide is the entrance to a narrow, gloomy valley, penetrating the mountains and leading directly to Subiaco. The path continues to ascend, and the side of the ravine on which it runs becomes steeper until a cave is reached, above this point the mountain now rises almost perpendicularly; while on the right, it strikes in a rapid descent down to where, in Benedict's day, 500 feet (150 m) below, lay the blue waters of a lake. The cave has a large triangular-shaped opening and is about ten feet deep. On his way from Enfide, Benedict met a monk, <a href="/wiki/Romanus_of_Subiaco" title="Romanus of Subiaco">Romanus of Subiaco</a>, whose monastery was on the mountain above the cliff overhanging the cave. Romanus discussed with Benedict the purpose which had brought him to Subiaco, and gave him the monk's habit. By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years lived in this cave above the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-Knowles_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregory tells little of Benedict's later life. He now speaks of Benedict no longer as a youth (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">puer</i></span>), but as a man (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vir</i></span>) of God. <a href="/wiki/Romanus_of_Subiaco" title="Romanus of Subiaco">Romanus</a>, Gregory states, served Benedict in every way he could. The monk apparently visited him frequently, and on fixed days brought him food.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawley_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawley-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During these three years of solitude, broken only by occasional communications with the outer world and by the visits of Romanus, Benedict matured both in mind and character, in knowledge of himself and of his fellow-man, and at the same time he became not merely known to, but secured the respect of, those about him; so much so that on the death of the abbot of a monastery in the neighbourhood (identified by some with <a href="/wiki/Vicovaro" title="Vicovaro">Vicovaro</a>), the community came to him and begged him to become its abbot. Benedict was acquainted with the life and discipline of the monastery, and knew that "their manners were diverse from his and therefore that they would never agree together: yet, at length, overcome with their entreaty, he gave his consent".<sup id="cite_ref-dialogues_book_two_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogues_book_two-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> The experiment failed; the monks tried to poison him. The legend goes that they first tried to poison his drink. He prayed a blessing over the cup and the cup shattered. Thus he left the group and went back to his cave at Subiaco. </p><p>There lived in the neighborhood a priest called Florentius who, moved by envy, tried to ruin him. He tried to poison him with poisoned bread. When he prayed a blessing over the bread, a raven swept in and took the loaf away. From this time his miracles seem to have become frequent, and many people, attracted by his sanctity and character, came to Subiaco to be under his guidance. Having failed by sending him poisonous bread, Florentius tried to seduce his monks with some prostitutes. To avoid further temptations, in about 530 Benedict left Subiaco.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He founded 12 monasteries in the vicinity of Subiaco, and, eventually, in 530 he founded the great Benedictine monastery of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>, which lies on a hilltop between Rome and Naples.<sup id="cite_ref-tbl_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tbl-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Totila_e_San_Benedetto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Totila_e_San_Benedetto.jpg/290px-Totila_e_San_Benedetto.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Totila_e_San_Benedetto.jpg/435px-Totila_e_San_Benedetto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Totila_e_San_Benedetto.jpg/580px-Totila_e_San_Benedetto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila</a> and Saint Benedict, painted by <a href="/wiki/Spinello_Aretino" title="Spinello Aretino">Spinello Aretino</a>. According to Pope Gregory, King Totila ordered a general to wear his kingly robes in order to see whether Benedict would discover the truth. Immediately Benedict detected the impersonation, and Totila came to pay him due respect.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benedict died of a fever at <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> not long after his sister, <a href="/wiki/Scholastica" title="Scholastica">Scholastica</a>, and was buried in the same tomb. According to tradition, this occurred on 21 March 547.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named patron protector of Europe by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> declared him co-<a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron</a> of Europe, together with <a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Egregiae_Virtutis_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egregiae_Virtutis-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, he is the patron saint of <a href="/wiki/Speleologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Speleologists">speleologists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the island of <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) he is the patron saint of fields and farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important <a href="/wiki/Romeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeria">romeria</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Romer%C3%ADa_Regional_de_San_Benito_Abad" title="Romería Regional de San Benito Abad">Romería Regional de San Benito Abad</a></i>) is held on this island in his honor, one of the most important in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the pre-1970 <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>, his feast is kept on 21 March, the day of his death according to some manuscripts of the <i><a href="/wiki/Martyrologium_Hieronymianum" title="Martyrologium Hieronymianum">Martyrologium Hieronymianum</a></i> and that of <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>. Because on that date his <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgical</a> <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(liturgy)" title="Memorial (liturgy)">memorial</a> would always be impeded by the observance of <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">1969 revision</a> of the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> moved his memorial to 11 July, the date that appears in some Gallic liturgical books of the end of the 8th century as the feast commemorating his birth (<i>Natalis S. Benedicti</i>). There is some uncertainty about the origin of this feast.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, on 21 March the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a> mentions in a line and a half that it is Benedict's day of death and that his memorial is celebrated on 11 July, while on 11 July it devotes seven lines to speaking of him, and mentions the tradition that he died on 21 March.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> commemorates Saint Benedict on 14 March.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a> celebrate the Feast of Saint Benedict on July 11.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramshaw1983_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramshaw1983-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> has no single universal calendar, but a provincial <a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_calendars" title="List of Anglican Church calendars">calendar of saints</a> is published in each province. In almost all of these, Saint Benedict is commemorated on 11 July. Benedict is <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">remembered</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser Festival">Lesser Festival</a> on 11 July.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rule_of_Saint_Benedict"><i>Rule of Saint Benedict</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rule of Saint Benedict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Benedict" title="Rule of Saint Benedict">Rule of Saint Benedict</a></div> <p>Benedict wrote the <i>Rule</i> for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot. The <i>Rule</i> comprises seventy-three short chapters. Its wisdom is twofold: spiritual (how to live a Christocentric life on earth) and administrative (how to run a monastery efficiently).<sup id="cite_ref-tbl_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tbl-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than half of the chapters describe how to be obedient and humble, and what to do when a member of the community is not. About one-fourth regulate the work of God (the "opus Dei"). One-tenth outline how, and by whom, the monastery should be managed. Benedictine asceticism is known for its moderation.<sup id="cite_ref-foley_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saint_Benedict_Medal">Saint Benedict Medal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Saint Benedict Medal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Medal" title="Saint Benedict Medal">Saint Benedict Medal</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benediktusmedaille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Benediktusmedaille.jpg/210px-Benediktusmedaille.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Benediktusmedaille.jpg/315px-Benediktusmedaille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Benediktusmedaille.jpg/420px-Benediktusmedaille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>Benedict depicted on a Jubilee <a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Medal" title="Saint Benedict Medal">Saint Benedict Medal</a> for the 1,400th anniversary of his birth in 1880</figcaption></figure> <p>This <a href="/wiki/Devotional_medal" title="Devotional medal">devotional medal</a> originally came from a cross in honor of Saint Benedict. On one side, the medal has an image of Saint Benedict, holding the Holy Rule in his left hand and a cross in his right. There is a raven on one side of him, with a cup on the other side of him. Around the medal's outer margin are the words <i>"Eius in obitu nostro praesentia muniamur"</i> ("May we be strengthened by his presence in the hour of our death"). The other side of the medal has a cross with the initials CSSML on the vertical bar which signify <i>"Crux Sacra Sit Mihi Lux"</i> ("May the Holy Cross be my light") and on the horizontal bar are the initials NDSMD which stand for <i>"Non-Draco Sit Mihi Dux"</i> ("Let not the dragon be my guide"). The initials CSPB stand for <i>"Crux Sancti Patris Benedicti"</i> ("The Cross of the Holy Father Benedict") and are located on the interior angles of the cross. Either the inscription <i>"PAX"</i> (Peace) or the <a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christogram</a> <i>"IHS"</i> may be found at the top of the cross in most cases. Around the medal's margin on this side are the <i><a href="/wiki/Vade_Retro_Satana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vade Retro Satana">Vade Retro Satana</a></i> initials VRSNSMV which stand for <i>"Vade Retro Satana, Nonquam Suade Mihi Vana"</i> ("Begone Satan, do not suggest to me thy vanities") then a space followed by the initials SMQLIVB which signify <i>"Sunt Mala Quae Libas, Ipse Venena Bibas"</i> ("Evil are the things thou profferest, drink thou thine own poison").<sup id="cite_ref-Benedict_pp_60_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benedict_pp_60-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StBenedictVadeRetroSatana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/StBenedictVadeRetroSatana.jpg/180px-StBenedictVadeRetroSatana.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/StBenedictVadeRetroSatana.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Image of Saint Benedict with a cross (which is inscribed, "Crux sacra sit mihi lux! Non-draco sit mihi dux!" ("May the holy cross be my light! May the dragon never be my guide!")) and a scroll stating "Vade retro Satana! Nunquam suade mihi vana! Sunt mala quae libas. Ipse venena bibas! ("Begone Satan! Never tempt me with your vanities! The drink you offer is evil. Drink that poison yourself!", or in brief,<i><a href="/wiki/Vade_Retro_Satana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vade Retro Satana">Vade Retro Satana</a></i> which is abbreviated on the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Medal" title="Saint Benedict Medal">Saint Benedict Medal</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>This medal was first struck in 1880 to commemorate the fourteenth centenary of Benedict's birth and is also called the Jubilee Medal; its exact origin, however, is unknown. In 1647, during a witchcraft trial at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natternberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natternberg (page does not exist)">Natternberg</a> near <a href="/wiki/Metten_Abbey" title="Metten Abbey">Metten Abbey</a> in Bavaria, the accused women testified they had no power over Metten, which was under the protection of the cross. An investigation found a number of painted crosses on the walls of the abbey with the letters now found on St Benedict medals, but their meaning had been forgotten. A manuscript written in 1415 was eventually found that had a picture of Benedict holding a scroll in one hand and a staff which ended in a cross in the other. On the scroll and staff were written the full words of the initials contained on the crosses. Medals then began to be struck in Germany, which then spread throughout Europe. This medal was first approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a> in his briefs of 23 December 1741 and 12 March 1742.<sup id="cite_ref-Benedict_pp_60_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benedict_pp_60-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benedict has been also the motif of many collector's coins around the world. The <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Austria)#2002_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Austria)">Austria 50 euro 'The Christian Religious Orders'</a>, issued on 13 March 2002 is one of them.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2002_Austria_50_Euro_Christian_Religious_Orders_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/2002_Austria_50_Euro_Christian_Religious_Orders_front.jpg/160px-2002_Austria_50_Euro_Christian_Religious_Orders_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4b/2002_Austria_50_Euro_Christian_Religious_Orders_front.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Austria)#2002_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Austria)">Austria 50 euro 'The Christian Religious Orders' commemorative coin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The early Middle Ages have been called "the Benedictine centuries".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2008, Pope <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> discussed the influence St Benedict had on Western Europe. The pope said that "with his life and work St Benedict exercised a fundamental influence on the development of European civilization and culture" and helped Europe to emerge from the "dark night of history" that followed the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benedict contributed more than anyone else to the rise of monasticism in the West. His Rule was the foundational document for thousands of religious communities in the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this day, The Rule of St. Benedict is the most common and influential Rule used by monasteries and monks, more than 1,400 years after its writing. </p><p>A basilica was built upon the birthplace of Benedict and Scholastica in the 1400s. Ruins of their familial home were excavated from beneath the church and preserved. The <a href="/wiki/October_2016_Central_Italy_earthquakes" title="October 2016 Central Italy earthquakes">earthquake of 30 October 2016</a> completely devastated the structure of the basilica, leaving only the front facade and altar standing.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>See also <a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings_of_Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Category:Paintings of Benedict of Nursia">Category:Paintings of Benedict of Nursia</a>.</i></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melk16.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Benedict and the cup of poison (Melk Abbey, Austria)"><img alt="Saint Benedict and the cup of poison (Melk Abbey, Austria)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Melk16.jpg/68px-Melk16.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Melk16.jpg/102px-Melk16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Melk16.jpg/136px-Melk16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="764" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Saint Benedict and the cup of poison</i> (<a href="/wiki/Melk_Abbey" title="Melk Abbey">Melk Abbey</a>, Austria)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold-colored_small_Saint_Benedict_crucifix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Small gold-coloured Saint Benedict crucifix"><img alt="Small gold-coloured Saint Benedict crucifix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gold-colored_small_Saint_Benedict_crucifix.jpg/60px-Gold-colored_small_Saint_Benedict_crucifix.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Gold-colored_small_Saint_Benedict_crucifix.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="76" data-file-height="151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Small gold-coloured Saint Benedict crucifix</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Benedict_Medal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Both sides of a Saint Benedict Medal"><img alt="Both sides of a Saint Benedict Medal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Saint_Benedict_Medal.jpg/120px-Saint_Benedict_Medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Saint_Benedict_Medal.jpg/180px-Saint_Benedict_Medal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Saint_Benedict_Medal.jpg/240px-Saint_Benedict_Medal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2989" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Both sides of a <a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Medal" title="Saint Benedict Medal">Saint Benedict Medal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait (1926) by Herman Nieg (1849–1928); Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Austria"><img alt="Portrait (1926) by Herman Nieg (1849–1928); Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg/73px-Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg/109px-Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg/146px-Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="994" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait (1926) by Herman Nieg (1849–1928); <a href="/wiki/Heiligenkreuz_Abbey" title="Heiligenkreuz Abbey">Heiligenkreuz Abbey</a>, Austria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BenedictEpisodeCure.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Benedict at the Death of St. Scholastica (c. 1250–60), Musée National de l'Age Médiévale, Paris, orig. at the Abbatiale of St. Denis"><img alt="St. Benedict at the Death of St. Scholastica (c. 1250–60), Musée National de l'Age Médiévale, Paris, orig. at the Abbatiale of St. Denis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/BenedictEpisodeCure.jpg/120px-BenedictEpisodeCure.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/BenedictEpisodeCure.jpg/180px-BenedictEpisodeCure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/BenedictEpisodeCure.jpg/240px-BenedictEpisodeCure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>St. Benedict at the Death of St. Scholastica</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1250</span>–60), Musée National de l'Age Médiévale, Paris, orig. at the Abbatiale of St. Denis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Einsiedeln_-_St._Benedikt_2013-01-26_13-50-02_(P7700).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue in Einsiedeln, Switzerland"><img alt="Statue in Einsiedeln, Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Einsiedeln_-_St._Benedikt_2013-01-26_13-50-02_%28P7700%29.JPG/90px-Einsiedeln_-_St._Benedikt_2013-01-26_13-50-02_%28P7700%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Einsiedeln_-_St._Benedikt_2013-01-26_13-50-02_%28P7700%29.JPG/135px-Einsiedeln_-_St._Benedikt_2013-01-26_13-50-02_%28P7700%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Einsiedeln_-_St._Benedikt_2013-01-26_13-50-02_%28P7700%29.JPG/180px-Einsiedeln_-_St._Benedikt_2013-01-26_13-50-02_%28P7700%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue in <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln_Abbey" title="Einsiedeln Abbey">Einsiedeln</a>, Switzerland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Andrew_and_Saint_Benedict_with_the_Archangel_Gabriel_(left_panel)_B35301.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benedict holding a bound bundle of sticks representing the strength of monks who live in community[35]"><img alt="Benedict holding a bound bundle of sticks representing the strength of monks who live in community[35]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Saint_Andrew_and_Saint_Benedict_with_the_Archangel_Gabriel_%28left_panel%29_B35301.jpg/53px-Saint_Andrew_and_Saint_Benedict_with_the_Archangel_Gabriel_%28left_panel%29_B35301.jpg" decoding="async" width="53" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Saint_Andrew_and_Saint_Benedict_with_the_Archangel_Gabriel_%28left_panel%29_B35301.jpg/80px-Saint_Andrew_and_Saint_Benedict_with_the_Archangel_Gabriel_%28left_panel%29_B35301.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Saint_Andrew_and_Saint_Benedict_with_the_Archangel_Gabriel_%28left_panel%29_B35301.jpg/107px-Saint_Andrew_and_Saint_Benedict_with_the_Archangel_Gabriel_%28left_panel%29_B35301.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Benedict holding a bound <a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_sticks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundle of sticks">bundle of sticks</a> representing the strength of monks who live in community<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastica" title="Scholastica">Scholastica</a> (St. Benedict's sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Aniane" title="Benedict of Aniane">Benedict of Aniane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine Order">Benedictine Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Beneto" title="San Beneto">San Beneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Medal" title="Saint Benedict Medal">Saint Benedict Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vade_retro_satana" title="Vade retro satana">Vade retro satana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Colgrave-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colgrave_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the various literary accounts, see Anonymous Monk of Whitby, <i>The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great</i>, tr. <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Colgrave" title="Bertram Colgrave">B. Colgrave</a> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 157, n. 110.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLanziLanzi2004" class="citation book cs1">Lanzi, Fernando; Lanzi, Gioia (2004) [2003]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D_aF50Lo8lQC"><i>Saints and Their Symbols: Recog</i></a> [<i>Come riconoscere i santi</i>]. Translated by O'Connell, Matthew J. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814629703" title="Special:BookSources/9780814629703"><bdi>9780814629703</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>. <q>Benedict of Nursia [...] Principal attributes: black monastic garb, staff, book with inscription: "Pray and Work."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+and+Their+Symbols%3A+Recog&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+Minnesota&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780814629703&rft.aulast=Lanzi&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft.au=Lanzi%2C+Gioia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD_aF50Lo8lQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianiconography.info/benedict.html">"Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Iconography"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127021238/https://www.christianiconography.info/benedict.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Benedict+of+Nursia%3A+The+Iconography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianiconography.info%2Fbenedict.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barry1995-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barry1995_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Barry_(bishop)" title="Patrick Barry (bishop)">Barry, Patrick</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U6OTu8n3SLcC&pg=PA32&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>St. Benedict and Christianity in England</i></a>. Gracewing Publishing. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780852443385" title="Special:BookSources/9780852443385"><bdi>9780852443385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+Benedict+and+Christianity+in+England&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Gracewing+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780852443385&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU6OTu8n3SLcC%26pg%3DPA32%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramshaw1983-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramshaw1983_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramshaw1983_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamshaw1983" class="citation book cs1">Ramshaw, Gail (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ms.augsburgfortress.org/downloads/More%20Days%20for%20Praise%20sample.pdf"><i>Festivals and Commemorations in Evangelical Lutheran Worship</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Augsburg Fortress. p. 299.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Festivals+and+Commemorations+in+Evangelical+Lutheran+Worship&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Ramshaw&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fms.augsburgfortress.org%2Fdownloads%2FMore%2520Days%2520for%2520Praise%2520sample.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrelyLeblonPéraudinTrieulet2011" class="citation book cs1">Barrely, Christine; Leblon, Saskia; Péraudin, Laure; Trieulet, Stéphane (23 March 2011) [2009]. "Benedict". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6oonnw_C7QC"><i>The Little Book of Saints</i></a> [<i>Petit livre des saints</i>]. Translated by Bell, Elizabeth. San Francisco: Chronicle Book. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811877473" title="Special:BookSources/9780811877473"><bdi>9780811877473</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>. <q>Declared the patron saint of Europe in 1964 by Pope Paul VI, Benedict is also the patron of farmers, peasants, and Italian architects.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Benedict&rft.btitle=The+Little+Book+of+Saints&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Chronicle+Book&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft.isbn=9780811877473&rft.aulast=Barrely&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.au=Leblon%2C+Saskia&rft.au=P%C3%A9raudin%2C+Laure&rft.au=Trieulet%2C+St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ6oonnw_C7QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holder2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holder2009_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolder2009" class="citation book cs1">Holder, Arthur G. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz2KjBCIcEkC&pg=PA69"><i>Christian Spirituality: The Classics</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415776028" title="Special:BookSources/9780415776028"><bdi>9780415776028</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220060712/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz2KjBCIcEkC&pg=PA69">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>Today, tens of thousands of men and women throughout the world profess to live their lives according to Benedict's <i>Rule</i>. These men and women are associated with over two thousand Roman Catholic, Anglican, and ecumenical Benedictine monasteries on six continents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Spirituality%3A+The+Classics&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780415776028&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=Arthur+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJz2KjBCIcEkC%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Carletti, Giuseppe, <i>Life of St. Benedict</i> (<a href="/wiki/Freeport,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeport, NY">Freeport, NY</a>: Books for Libraries Press, 1971).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ampleforthjournal.org/V_027.pdf">"The Autumn Number 1921"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Ampleforth Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.ampleforthjournal.org/V_027.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ampleforth+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Autumn+Number+1921&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ampleforthjournal.org%2FV_027.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ford-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ford_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ford_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ford_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02467b.htm">"Ford, Hugh. "St. Benedict of Norcia." The <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 3 Mar. 2014"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309172635/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02467b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ford%2C+Hugh.+%22St.+Benedict+of+Norcia.%22+The+Catholic+Encyclopedia.+Vol.+2.+New+York%3A+Robert+Appleton+Company%2C+1907.+3+Mar.+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F02467b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialogues_book_two-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dialogues_book_two_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogues_book_two_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Life and Miracles of St. Benedict</i> (<i>Book II, Dialogues</i>), tr. Odo John Zimmerman, O.S.B. and Benedict , O.S.B. (Westport, CT: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Press</a>, 1980), p. iv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn_4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn_4_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Ildefonso_Schuster" title="Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster">Ildephonso Schuster</a>, <i>Saint Benedict and His Times</i>, Gregory A. Roettger, tr. (London: <a href="/wiki/Verlag_Herder" title="Verlag Herder">B. Herder</a>, 1951), p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn_6-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn_6_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis, ed., <i>Historiography in the Middle Ages</i> (Boston: Brill, 2003), pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knowles-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knowles_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knowles_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knowles_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Benedict-of-Nursia">Knowles, Michael David. "St. Benedict". <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crawley-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crawley_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crawley_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/BENEDICT.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Saint Benedict, Abbot", <i>Lives of Saints</i>, John J. Crawley & Co., Inc"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708000639/http://www.ewtn.com/library/mary/benedict.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Saint+Benedict%2C+Abbot%22%2C+Lives+of+Saints%2C+John+J.+Crawley+%26+Co.%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FMARY%2FBENEDICT.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bunson" title="Matthew Bunson">Bunson, M.</a>, Bunson, M., & Bunson, S., <i>Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints</i> (<a href="/wiki/Huntington,_Indiana" title="Huntington, Indiana">Huntington IN</a>: <a href="/wiki/Our_Sunday_Visitor" title="Our Sunday Visitor">Our Sunday Visitor</a>, 2014), p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tbl-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tbl_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tbl_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/people/st-benedict-of-nursia">"St Benedict of Nursia", the British Library</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2008/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20080409.html">"Saint Benedict of Norcia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209081226/http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2008/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20080409.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Benedict+of+Norcia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fbenedict-xvi%2Fen%2Faudiences%2F2008%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_aud_20080409.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=556">"St. Benedict of Norcia"</a>. Catholic Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080628194923/http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=556">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Benedict+of+Norcia&rft.pub=Catholic+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fsaints%2Fsaint.php%3Fsaint_id%3D556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egregiae_Virtutis-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egregiae_Virtutis_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_31121980_egregiae-virtutis_lt.html">"Egregiae Virtutis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090104182217/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_31121980_egregiae-virtutis_lt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egregiae+Virtutis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Fapost_letters%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_apl_31121980_egregiae-virtutis_lt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter#Letters_of_the_popes_in_modern_times" title="Ecclesiastical letter">Apostolic letter</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, 31 December 1980 <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brewer's dictionary of phrase & fable. Cassell. p.953</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Santos, J. T., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lalagunaahora.com/la-romeria-de-san-benito-abad-en-el-siglo-xx-apuntes-para-la-verdadera-historia-i-por-julio-torres-santos/">"The Pilgrimage of San Benito in the 20th Century"</a>, <i>lalagunaahora.com</i>, June 15, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spain.info/es/agenda/romeria-san-benito-abad/">"Romería de San Benito Abad", Oficial de turismo de España</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Calendarium Romanum" (<a href="/wiki/Libreria_Editrice_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Libreria Editrice Vaticana">Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a>), pp. 97 and 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Martyrologium Romanum</i> 199 (edito altera 2004); pages 188 and 361 of the 2001 edition (Libreria Editrice Vaticana <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-7210-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-7210-3">978-88-209-7210-3</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=100800">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Orthodox Church in America: The Lives of the Saints, March 14th"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512062741/http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=100800">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Orthodox+Church+in+America%3A+The+Lives+of+the+Saints%2C+March+14th%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsLife.asp%3FFSID%3D100800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215173755/https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&rft.atitle=The+Calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foley-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foley_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-benedict/">"Saint Benedict", Franciscan Media</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benedict_pp_60-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Benedict_pp_60_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benedict_pp_60_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgElCwAAQBAJ"><i>The Life of St Benedict</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220060713/https://books.google.com/books?id=dgElCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 20 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by St. Gregory the Great, <a href="/wiki/Rockford,_IL" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockford, IL">Rockford, IL</a>: <a href="/wiki/TAN_Books" title="TAN Books">TAN Books</a>, pp 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coin-database.com/coins/50-euro-the-christian-religious-orders-austria-2002.html">"50 euro - The Christian Religious Orders"</a>, coin-database.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602064810/http://www.northern.edu/marmorsa/medievallec1.htm">"Western Europe in the Middle Ages"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northern.edu/marmorsa/medievallec1.htm">the original</a> on 2 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northern.edu%2Fmarmorsa%2Fmedievallec1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benedict XVI, "Saint Benedict of Norcia" Homily given to a general audience at <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> on Wednesday, 9 April 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2008/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20080409_en.html">"?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714150153/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2008/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20080409_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fbenedict_xvi%2Faudiences%2F2008%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_aud_20080409_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/benedict.html">Stracke, Prof. J.R., "St. Benedict – Iconography", Augusta State University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116014059/http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/benedict.html">Archived</a> 16 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104010103/https://en.nursia.org/earthquake/">"Earthquake Blog - Monks of Norcia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.nursia.org/earthquake/">the original</a> on 4 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Blog+-+Monks+of+Norcia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.nursia.org%2Fearthquake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruton, F. B., & Lavanga, C., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/beer-brewing-monks-norcia-say-earthquake-destroys-st-benedict-basilica-n675536">"Beer-Brewing Monks of Norcia Say Earthquake Destroys St. Benedict Basilica"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108172104/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/beer-brewing-monks-norcia-say-earthquake-destroys-st-benedict-basilica-n675536">Archived</a> 8 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>, October 31, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianiconography.info/benedict.html">"Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Iconography"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127021238/https://www.christianiconography.info/benedict.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Benedict+of+Nursia%3A+The+Iconography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianiconography.info%2Fbenedict.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1911" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Garratt_Gardner" title="Edmund Garratt Gardner">Gardner, Edmund G.</a>, ed. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-lrSGeNTAMC"><i>The Dialogues of Saint Gregory the Great</i></a>. London and Boston: Philip Lee Warner, Publisher to the Medici Society Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781889758947" title="Special:BookSources/9781889758947"><bdi>9781889758947</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dialogues+of+Saint+Gregory+the+Great&rft.place=London+and+Boston&rft.pub=Philip+Lee+Warner%2C+Publisher+to+the+Medici+Society+Ltd.&rft.date=1911&rft.isbn=9781889758947&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-lrSGeNTAMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benedict_of_Nursia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Benedict_of_Nursia" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osb.org/">"The Order of Saint Benedict"</a>. <i>osb.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osb.org&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+Saint+Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosb.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span> (Institutional website of the Order of Saint Benedict)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digilander.libero.it/rexur/benedetto/inglese/biografia.htm">"Life and Miracles of Saint Benedict"</a> (in English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041021001308/http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/gregory_02_dialogues_book2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+and+Miracles+of+Saint+Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigilander.libero.it%2Frexur%2Fbenedetto%2Finglese%2Fbiografia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Rule">The Rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125002313/http://www.reephambenefice.org.uk/christophermorgancromar.html/">"A Benedictine Oblate Priest – The Rule in Parish Life"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reephambenefice.org.uk/christophermorgancromar.html/">the original</a> on 25 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Benedictine+Oblate+Priest+%E2%80%93+The+Rule+in+Parish+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reephambenefice.org.uk%2Fchristophermorgancromar.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/50040">St. Benedict's Rule for Monasteries</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span>, translated by Leonard J. Doyle</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccel.org/ccel/benedict/rule/rule">"The Holy Rule of St. Benedict"</a>. Translated by Boniface Verheyen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Rule+of+St.+Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccel.org%2Fccel%2Fbenedict%2Frule%2Frule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications">Publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory_the_Great" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory the Great">Gregory the Great</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/gregory_02_dialogues_book2.htm">"Life and Miracles of St Benedict"</a>. <i>Dialogues</i>. Vol. Book 2. pp. <span class="nowrap">51–</span>101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Life+and+Miracles+of+St+Benedict&rft.btitle=Dialogues&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.au=Gregory+the+Great&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fgregory_02_dialogues_book2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuéranger1880" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Gu%C3%A9ranger" title="Prosper Guéranger">Guéranger, Prosper</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m8MPAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=cs&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">"The Medal or Cross of St. Benedict: Its Origin, Meaning, and Privileges"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Medal+or+Cross+of+St.+Benedict%3A+Its+Origin%2C+Meaning%2C+and+Privileges&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9ranger&rft.aufirst=Prosper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm8MPAAAAIAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dcs%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/45673">Works by Benedict of Nursia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28+%22St.+Benedict%22+OR+%22Saint+Benedict%22+OR+%22Benedict%2C+Saint%22+OR+%22Benedict+of+Norcia%22+%29">Works by or about Benedict of Nursia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/5764">Works by Benedict of Nursia</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140421144654/http://www.paulandpeters.com/blog/st-benedict-nursia/">"Saint Benedict of Norcia, Patron of Poison Sufferers, Monks, And Many More"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulandpeters.com/blog/st-benedict-nursia/">the original</a> on 21 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Benedict+of+Norcia%2C+Patron+of+Poison+Sufferers%2C+Monks%2C+And+Many+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulandpeters.com%2Fblog%2Fst-benedict-nursia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Marett-Crosby, A., ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OxV87Fup-SUC"><i>The Benedictine Handbook</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>: Canterbury Press, 2003).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nb-helveticat.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,%22Benedict+of+Nursia%22&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=MyInstitution&vid=41SNL_51_INST:helveticat&lang=de&offset=0">Publications by and about Benedict of Nursia</a> in the catalogue Helveticat of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Swiss National Library</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iconography">Iconography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019222939/https://www.christianiconography.info/benedict.html">"Saint Benedict of Norcia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info/benedict.html/">the original</a> on 19 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Benedict+of+Norcia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianiconography.info%2Fbenedict.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Statues/Founders/Benedict/Benedict.htm">"Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Founder+Statue+in+St+Peter%27s+Basilica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stpetersbasilica.info%2FStatues%2FFounders%2FBenedict%2FBenedict.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenedict+of+Nursia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Catholic_Church891" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Category:History of the Catholic Church by country">By country or region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Catholic ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History of the Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Catholic culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a><br />(30–325/476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of Christianity">Origins</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a> (30–100)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_of_Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Split of Christianity and Judaism">Split with Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ante-Nicene_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a> (100–325)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a><br />(313–476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Church(180–451)Romanstate_church(380–451)108" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a><br />(180–451)<br /><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">Roman<br />state church</a><br />(380–451)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benedict of Nursia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire" title="The clash between the Church and the Empire">Clash against the empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">First Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Second Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Third Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyon" title="First Council of Lyon">First Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to the<br /><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Pope Innocent XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" title="Our Lady of La Salette">Our Lady of La Salette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_20th_century" title="Catholic Church in the 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_1942_consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris">Pacem in terris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Pope_Paul_VI" title="Coronation of Pope Paul VI">coronation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">Pope John Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2000" title="World Youth Day 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2002" title="World Youth Day 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2005" title="World Youth Day 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2011" title="World Youth Day 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2013" title="World Youth Day 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2016" title="World Youth Day 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2019" title="World Youth Day 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_of_Pope_Francis_and_Patriarch_Kirill" title="Joint Declaration of Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill">Patriarch Kirill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44265#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5688" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44265#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5688" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44265#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000455425858">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100179656">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316420896">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159145856828922920032">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100179618">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/305552235">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4506160667542303560005">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/28147121748626392193">7</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/243167803613617772939">8</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9790167807277218130002">9</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/25144648301109328314">10</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5102167807364618130000">11</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/33151/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtmt34cJJBDKmf6HCvGpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118508911">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79034826">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118911827">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118911827">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620349">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Benedictus <santo>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV024830">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35017288">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990000660&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1719912">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1766574">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/12980">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069532656">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90358236">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000196691&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000140357&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000040179">Chile</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000695686">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=133289">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000066269">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199701248">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8bbzfg0p49djx">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810671691505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/15561">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/36955">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/15563">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/15562">4</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007258433305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000142087">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521783606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500372052">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/791855">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="BENEDETTO, santo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-benedetto_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118508911.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118508911">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027281264">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pc370v">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&oldid=1275408962">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_of_Nursia&oldid=1275408962</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:480_births" title="Category:480 births">480 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:547_deaths" title="Category:547 deaths">547 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