Lawrencium | AMERICAN ELEMENTS®

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class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/be.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Beryllium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/bi.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bismuth <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/bb.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Boron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/bromine.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bromine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cd.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cadmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ca.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Calcium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cc.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Carbon <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ce.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cerium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cs.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cesium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/chlorine.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chlorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cr.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chromium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/co.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cobalt <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cu.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Copper <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/dy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Dysprosium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/er.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Erbium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/eu.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Europium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fluorine.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fluorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/gd.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gadolinium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ga.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gallium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ge.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Germanium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/au.htm" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gold <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/hf.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hafnium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ho.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Holmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/in.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Indium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ii.htm" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iodine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ir.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iridium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fe.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/la.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lanthanum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/pb.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lead <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/li.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lithium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/products-by-element" class="tbm-link level-3"> More… <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products by Form <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-18" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/2d-materials" class="tbm-link level-3"> 2D Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alloys.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alloys <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alloys.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alloy Forms <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ceramic-fibers" class="tbm-link level-3"> Ceramic Fibers <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ceramics.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Ceramics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/chemicals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chemicals & Salts <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/foams.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Foams <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm" class="tbm-link level-3"> High Purity Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/isotopes.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Isotopes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Metal Forms <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/mxenes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Mxenes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Nanomaterials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/organometallics.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Organometallics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/oxides.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Oxides <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Pure Metals <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/rare-earths.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Rare Earths <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/semiconductors.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Semiconductors <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/solutions" class="tbm-link level-3"> Solutions <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products by Application <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-30" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing" class="tbm-link level-3"> 3D Printing <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing" class="tbm-link level-3"> Additive Manufacturing <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/green-technology-alternative-energy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alternative Energy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Battery-Technology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Battery Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Bio-Medical.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Biomaterials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/catalysts" class="tbm-link level-3"> Catalysts <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/dental-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Dental Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/electronics-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Electronics Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fuel-cell-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fuel Cell Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fusion-energy" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fusion Energy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/optical-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Glass Manufacturing <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/green-technology-alternative-energy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Green Technology <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Hydrogen-Storage.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hydrogen Storage <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/optical-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Laser Crystals <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/life-science-organic-chemistry" class="tbm-link level-3"> Life Sciences <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metallurgy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Metallurgy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Nanomaterials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Nanotechnology <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/optical-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Optical Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/solar-energy-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Photovoltaics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/pigments-coatings.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Pigments & Coatings <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metal-plating" class="tbm-link level-3"> Plating <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/research-and-development.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Research & Development <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/solar-energy-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Solar Energy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/space-industry.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Space Technology <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/sputtering-targets.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Sputtering Targets <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Battery-Technology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Supercapacitor Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/thin-film-evaporation-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Thin Film Deposition <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/water-treatment-chemicals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Water Treatment <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/weather-modification" class="tbm-link level-3"> Weather Modification <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Life Science Products <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-37" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/life-science-organic-chemistry" class="tbm-link level-3"> All Life Science <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alcohols" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alcohols <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/aldehydes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aldehydes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alkanes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alkanes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/amides" class="tbm-link level-3"> Amides <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/amines" class="tbm-link level-3"> Amines <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/amino-acids-derivatives" class="tbm-link level-3"> Amino Acids & Derivatives <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/aromatics" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aromatics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/aryls" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aryls <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/azetidines" class="tbm-link level-3"> Azetidines <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/benzimidazoles" class="tbm-link level-3"> Benzimidazoles <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/benzothiophenes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Benziothiophenes 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role="banner"> <div class="section layout-container clearfix"> </div> </header> <div class="highlighted"> <aside class="layout-container section clearfix" role="complementary"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </aside> </div> <div id="main-wrapper" class="page-layout-main-wrapper layout-container clearfix"> <div id="main" class="layout-main clearfix container-fluid"> <main id="content" class="column main-content" role="main"> <section class="section"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div> <div id="block-ae-theme-gratis-ae-subtheme-system-main"> <article data-history-node-id="358369" class="elements"> <div class="element-main"> <div class="elements__banner "> <img src=/images/2024-08/lawrencium-banner.jpg /> </div> <h1 class="elements__banner__title"> <span>Lawrencium </span> </h1> <div class="elements__banner__properties"> <div class="elements__banner__properties--number">103</div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--symbol">Lr</div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--mass">262</div> </div> </div> <div class="elements__content"> <div class="ae-tabs"> <div class="ae-tabs-headers"> <a href="#about" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-about">About <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-0ef3ba861483b2fc372e9a2d54dd501e68c6d1dc1774dc81f31908aa89b63cde"> <div class="all-items"> <div>Lawrencium </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="#products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-products">Products</a> <a href="#properties" class="ae-tabs-headers--header active" data-tab="tab-properties">Properties</a> <a href="#properties-and-products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-properties-and-products">Properties & Products</a> <a href="#safety" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-safety">Safety</a> <a href="#isotopes" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-isotopes">Isotopes</a> </div> <div class="ae-tabs-content"> <div id="tab-about" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--about paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">About Lawrencium</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"><div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/element-bohr-models/lawrencium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Lawrencium Bohr" width="200" height="200"><p>Lawrencium, the last element of the actinide series, was first synthesized at the <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/http%3A//www.lbl.gov/">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> in 1961 by the nuclear-physics team headed by Albert Ghiorso. The synthesis was achieved by bombarding a californium target with <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bb.html">boron</a>-10 and boron-11 from the heavy ion linear accelerator. This team was responsible for the element being named in honor of Ernest O. Lawrence, who built the first working cyclotron. However, the initial experiments by the Berkeley team did not produce all the data ideally desired to prove an element's existence--this data came from later Berkeley experiments as well as from work by the Russian <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/http%3A//www.jinr.ru">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</a>. <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/http%3A//www.iupac.org/">IUPAC</a> officially recognized both teams as co-discoverers of the element in 1992.</p><p>Because only a few atoms have ever been created, and the isotopes have very short half-lives, scientists have not had sufficient opportunity to study the element in detail. Consequently, it has no commercial applications and little is known about its characteristics.</p></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-properties" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--properties-element paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Lawrencium Properties</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"><p><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/lawrencium-bohr.jpg" alt="Lawrencium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200"><strong>Lawrencium</strong> is a Block D, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of lawrencium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3, and its electron configuration is [Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>7p. The lawrencium atom has a Van der Waals radius of 246.pm. In its elemental form, lawrencium's CAS number is 22537-19-5. Lawrencium behaves differently from dipositive nobelium and more like the tripositive elements found earlier in the actinide series. Lawrencium is radioactive and therefore considered toxic. Lawrencium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso, Torbjorn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh and Robert M. Latimer at the <a href="http://www.lbl.gov/" target="new" rel="nofollow">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> in 1961. It was named after Earnest O. Lawrence the inventor of the cyclotron particle accelerator. The symbol for Lawrencium was originally Lw; however, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) changed the symbol from Lw to Lr in August, 1997.</p><p>Lawrencium information, including technical data, properties, and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.</p></div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--two-columns-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="two-columns-accordion__left"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"><div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--344347">General Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--344347"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><th id="symbol">Symbol:</th><td>Lr</td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th><td>103</td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th><td>262</td></tr><tr><th id="element-category">Element Category:</th><td>Actinide</td></tr><tr><th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th><td>n/a, 7, f</td></tr><tr><th id="color">Color:</th><td>unknown (presumably metallic/ silvery white/ gray)</td></tr><tr><th id="other-names">Other Names:</th><td>Laurenzio, Laurêncio</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--344348">Physical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--344348"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="physical-properties"><table class="properties-table table"><tbody><tr><th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th><td>1627°C, 2960.67deg F, 1900.15 K</td></tr><tr><th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="density">Density:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th><td>308</td></tr><tr><th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th><td>N/A</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--344349">Chemical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--344349"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="chemical-properties"><table class="properties-table table"><tbody><tr><th id="electrons">Electrons:</th><td>103</td></tr><tr><th id="protons">Protons:</th><td>103</td></tr><tr><th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th><td>159</td></tr><tr><th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th><td>[Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>7p</td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br>non-bonded (Å):</th><td>2.46</td></tr><tr><th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th><td>1.61</td></tr><tr><th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th><td>246 pm</td></tr><tr><th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th><td>3 (predicted)</td></tr><tr><th id="phase">Phase:</th><td>Solid (predicted)</td></tr><tr><th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th><td>443.8 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>(estimated)</td></tr><tr><th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th><td>1428.0 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>(estimated)</td></tr><tr><th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th><td>2219.1 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>(estimated)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion__right"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"><div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346749">Identifiers</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346749"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th><td>22537-19-5</td></tr><tr><th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th><td>[Lr]</td></tr><tr><th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th><td>InChI=1S/Lr</td></tr><tr><th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th><td>CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td></tr><tr><th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th><td>31192</td></tr><tr><th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th><td>28934</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346750">Abundance</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346750"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th><td>N/A</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346751">History</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346751"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th><td>Lawrence Berkeley Nat'l Laboratory</td></tr><tr><th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th><td>1961</td></tr><tr><th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th><td>N/A</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-isotopes" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--isotopes paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Isotopes</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"><div class="tab-pane active" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"><p>Lawrencium is an artificial element. It has no stable isotopes.</p><table class="isotopes-table"><thead><tr><th scope="col" id="nuclide"><strong>Nuclide</strong></th><th scope="col" id="mass"><strong>Isotopic Mass</strong></th><th scope="col" id="half-life"><strong>Half-Life</strong></th><th scope="col" id="decay"><strong>Mode of Decay</strong></th><th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin"><strong>Nuclear Spin</strong></th><th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment"><strong>Magnetic Moment</strong></th><th scope="col" id="binding-energy"><strong>Binding Energy (MeV)</strong></th><th scope="col" id="natural-abundance"><strong>Natural Abundance</strong><br><strong>(% by atom)</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>252</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>252.09526(26)#</td><td>390(90) ms [0.36(+11-7) s]</td><td>a to <sup>248</sup>Md; EC to <sup>252</sup>No; SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1872.72998</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>253</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>253.09509(22)#</td><td>580(70) ms [0.57(+7-6) s]</td><td>a to <sup>249</sup>Md; EC to <sup>253</sup>No; SF</td><td>(7/2-)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1887.464966</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>254</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>254.09648(32)#</td><td>13(3) s</td><td>a to <sup>250</sup>Md; EC to <sup>254</sup>No; SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1879.562988</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>255</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>255.096562(19)</td><td>22(4) s</td><td>a to <sup>251</sup>Md; EC to <sup>255</sup>No</td><td>7/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1887.464966</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>256</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>256.09849(9)</td><td>27(3) s</td><td>a to <sup>252</sup>Md; EC to <sup>256</sup>No; SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1893.678955</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>257</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>256.09849(9)</td><td>646(25) ms</td><td>a to <sup>253</sup>Md</td><td>9/2+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1900.964966</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>258</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>258.10176(11)#</td><td>3.9 s</td><td>a to <sup>254</sup>Md; EC to <sup>258</sup>No; SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1906.916016</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>259</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>259.10290(8)#</td><td>6.1 s</td><td>a to <sup>255</sup>Md; EC to <sup>259</sup>No; SF</td><td>9/2+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1913.954956</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>260</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>260.10551(13)#</td><td>4.1(3) s</td><td>a to <sup>256</sup>Md; EC to <sup>260</sup>No; SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1919.620972</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>261</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>261.10688(22)#</td><td>40 m</td><td>SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1926.417969</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>262</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>262.10961(22)#</td><td>3.6 h</td><td>EC to <sup>262</sup>No; SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1931.927002</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>263</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>263.11136(30)#</td><td>s# h;</td><td>a to <sup>259</sup>Md</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1938.412964</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>264</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>264.11420(47)#</td><td>10# h</td><td>a to <sup>261</sup>Md</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>265</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>265.11619(65)#</td><td>10# h</td><td>a to <sup>261</sup>Md</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>266</sup>Lr</strong></th><td>266.11983(56)#</td><td>11 h</td><td>SF</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="layout-container"> <div class="site-footer__top clearfix"> <div> <div id="block-sponsers-box2" class="Sponsers-box-block"> <div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <img loading="lazy" src="/images/styles/large/public/2025-01/ARPA-E-Summit.png?itok=E3UTxRam" width="480" height="104" alt="ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit" title="ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Please join us and our customers and co-sponsors GE and BASF at the <a href="https://www.arpae-summit.com/">ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit</a> in Washington, DC on March 17, 2025.</p> </div> <div id="block-ae-theme-copyright" class="footer-copyright"> <div class="footer-copyright--text"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. 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