CINXE.COM
Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution | UNESCO
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" class="is-drupal"><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"event":"dataLayer.ready","page":{"website":"UNESCO.org","email":"dc13fcc70b2cd6883bf6cdb7a9aaaa166d68c419","hub":"Legal Affairs","tags":[],"content_type":"Static Page","lang":"English"}});</script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i,a,e){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+'&gtm_auth='+a+'&gtm_preview='+e+'&gtm_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer', 'GTM-T9NW', '_Lm02Fa-1lLDW1vNzj8zTg', 'env-2');</script><meta name="description" content="__" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/best_image/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=ecPRk-9J" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="__" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution" /><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/best_image/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=ecPRk-9J" /><meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><style>div#sliding-popup, div#sliding-popup .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab {background: #0779bf} div#sliding-popup.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper { background: transparent; } #sliding-popup h1, #sliding-popup h2, #sliding-popup h3, #sliding-popup p, #sliding-popup label, #sliding-popup div, .eu-cookie-compliance-more-button, .eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { color: #ffffff;} .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { border-color: #ffffff;}</style><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org","@graph": [{"@type": "Article","headline": "Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution","description": "__","image": {"@type": "ImageObject","representativeOfPage": "True","url": "https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg"},"datePublished": "2024-07-24T15:26:30+0200","isAccessibleForFree": "True","dateModified": "2024-07-24T15:26:30+0200","mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr"}] }</script><link rel="manifest" href="/themes/custom/bunesco8/manifest.json" /><link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bunesco8/icon.svg" type="image/svg+xml" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/bunesco8/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bunesco8/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.unesco.org/fr/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-rec-conv" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.unesco.org/es/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-rec-conv" /><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><title>Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution | UNESCO</title><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_V9CS6Iz1HIHsvuTVxlMDcmBDBWM-KBxDvmvdfwB9dGA.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtj0sOwyAMRC-UhFXPgwxxE1SDEWMW6elLpX7Uz8ry08hvjAPG2QUCT0HVYI3q6WfPDNDGmKI2dkVbJknXj8gmGkhm2CGpbFMvjKjflLuPqpfEY-QqiUpk9w_6lc_UxaYoBBxDuQ4bm3Hz0JhIPHZq46YP3UwL3NNRqdE2Ku1wa-uVZHmTpZfagyTsvD4q3qVZi3u9MhsF4RugrW7Y" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Jij9BQ7Qmyz4x4RnYB4ppIptLAe6sLLdRH2k93AVMSA.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtj0sOwyAMRC-UhFXPgwxxE1SDEWMW6elLpX7Uz8ry08hvjAPG2QUCT0HVYI3q6WfPDNDGmKI2dkVbJknXj8gmGkhm2CGpbFMvjKjflLuPqpfEY-QqiUpk9w_6lc_UxaYoBBxDuQ4bm3Hz0JhIPHZq46YP3UwL3NNRqdE2Ku1wa-uVZHmTpZfagyTsvD4q3qVZi3u9MhsF4RugrW7Y" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_pvtBsVpsiwATsM8qBFDpkzW7MtWKmUGwzHXpZZS2hNQ.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtj0sOwyAMRC-UhFXPgwxxE1SDEWMW6elLpX7Uz8ry08hvjAPG2QUCT0HVYI3q6WfPDNDGmKI2dkVbJknXj8gmGkhm2CGpbFMvjKjflLuPqpfEY-QqiUpk9w_6lc_UxaYoBBxDuQ4bm3Hz0JhIPHZq46YP3UwL3NNRqdE2Ku1wa-uVZHmTpZfagyTsvD4q3qVZi3u9MhsF4RugrW7Y" defer async /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_somyoLH9gpa1iZABvZ1U56_AaB4BwKqSYZyfPiPwFK8.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtj0sOwyAMRC-UhFXPgwxxE1SDEWMW6elLpX7Uz8ry08hvjAPG2QUCT0HVYI3q6WfPDNDGmKI2dkVbJknXj8gmGkhm2CGpbFMvjKjflLuPqpfEY-QqiUpk9w_6lc_UxaYoBBxDuQ4bm3Hz0JhIPHZq46YP3UwL3NNRqdE2Ku1wa-uVZHmTpZfagyTsvD4q3qVZi3u9MhsF4RugrW7Y" defer async /></head><body data-site-profile="unesco" class="article-layout hub transparent-header portail-unesco path-node page-node-type-page"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T9NW>m_auth=_Lm02Fa-1lLDW1vNzj8zTg>m_preview=env-2>m_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <a id="top" href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a><div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas d-flex flex-column h-100" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-primary header-mini-light navbar-dark"><div class="header"><div class="region region-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-branding" id="block-unescositebranding"> <a href="/en" data-block="header"><img class="site-logo img-fluid" src="/themes/custom/bunesco8/assets/images/logo/logo.svg" alt="Home" /><img class="logo-dark img-fluid" src="/themes/custom/bunesco8/assets/images/logo/logo-blue.svg" alt="Home" /><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondarymenu-menu" id="block-secondarymenu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--secondary"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondarymenu-menu">Secondary menu</h5><ul data-block="header" class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/newsroom" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/701">Press Corner</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/data-center" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/969">Data Center</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/governance" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/169435">Governance</a></li></ul> </nav><div id="block-exploreunesco" class="block-menu block-menu--popin menu--galaxy-menu"><div class="button-galaxy" id="block-exploreunesco-menu"><span class="button-text">Quick Links</span></div><div aria-labelledby="block-exploreunesco-menu" class="popin hidden"><div class="inside"><div class="top"> <span class="button-text-mobile">Quick Links</span><div class="site-info-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en"> <img src="/themes/custom/bunesco8/assets/images/logo/logo.svg" alt="Home" /> <span class="site-name">UNESCO</span> </a></div> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" class="btn btn-secondary link-galaxy home">go to www.unesco.org</a> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search" class="btn btn-secondary link-galaxy advanced-search">Search all UNESCO</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-secondary close-popin link-galaxy">Close</a></div> <nav role="navigation"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">News & Events</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Calendar of events</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/statutory-meetings" class="nav-link">Statutory Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/governing-bodies" class="nav-link">Governing Bodies</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/delegates-meetings" class="nav-link">Delegates Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/cultural" class="nav-link">Cultural Events at Headquarters</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/commemorations" class="nav-link">UNESCO commemorations</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Articles</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?f%5B0%5D=type%3Anews&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=" class="nav-link">News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/stories" class="nav-link">Stories</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/newsroom/press-release" class="nav-link">Press Releases</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Who we are</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">About us</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief" class="nav-link">UNESCO in Brief</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/vision" class="nav-link">Our vision for peace</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/history" class="nav-link">History of UNESCO</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-challenges" class="nav-link">Key Challenges</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-figures" class="nav-link">Key Figures</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/achievements" class="nav-link">Key achievements</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/house" class="nav-link">UNESCO House - Visit us</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Governance</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/member-states-portal" class="nav-link">Member States Portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/director-general" class="nav-link">Director-General</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/strategic-management-board" class="nav-link">Strategic Management Board</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link">Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" class="nav-link">Legal & Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Accountability</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Core data portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/budget-strategy" class="nav-link">Budget & Strategy</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ios" class="nav-link">Internal Oversight Service</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/strategic-transformation" class="nav-link">Reform / Strategic transformation</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Funding needs and Data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/financial-regulations" class="nav-link">Financial regulations</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/unesco-access-information-policy" class="nav-link">Access to Information</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Networks</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice" class="nav-link">Field Offices</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/partnerships/ngo-foundations" class="nav-link">NGOs and Foundations</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/aspnet" class="nav-link">Associated Schools</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/unitwin" class="nav-link">Unitwin</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/goodwill-ambassadors?hub=103598" class="nav-link">UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/institutes" class="nav-link">Institutes and Centres</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/partnerships/goodwill-ambassadors/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Engage</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/spread-word" class="nav-link">Spread the Word</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/donate" class="nav-link">Donate</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/partnerships" class="nav-link">Become a partner</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/join-unesco" class="nav-link">Careers at UNESCO</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://eepurl.com/hA0MhX" class="nav-link">Subscribe to our Newsletter</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/take-action/join-unesco" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">What we do</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Our expertise</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/education" class="nav-link">Education</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link">Natural Sciences</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ocean" class="nav-link">Ocean Science</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link">Social and Human Sciences</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/culture" class="nav-link">Culture</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/communication-information" class="nav-link">Communication and Information</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Our Impact</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link">Norms & Standards</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ideas-data" class="nav-link">Ideas & Data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/take-action" class="nav-link">Take Action</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/publications" class="nav-link">Publications and Global Reports</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Key Challenges</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/futures-education" class="nav-link">Futures of Education</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/revive-mosul" class="nav-link">Spirit of Mosul</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics" class="nav-link">Ethics of A.I</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/biodiversity" class="nav-link">Biodiversity</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-challenges" class="nav-link">All key challenges</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Global Priorities</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link">Gender Equality</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/africa" class="nav-link">Priority Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Where we work</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO lists and designations</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/creative-cities" class="nav-link">Creative Cities</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/wnbr/about" class="nav-link">Biosphere Reserves</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world" class="nav-link">Memory of the World Register</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org" class="nav-link">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks/about" class="nav-link">UNESCO Global Geoparks</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">World Heritage</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/prizes" class="nav-link">Prizes</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO in the World</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/countries" class="nav-link">Member States</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice" class="nav-link">Field Offices</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/networks" class="nav-link">Networks</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">For Member States</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Governance</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/hq-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Committee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/countries" class="nav-link">Country Profiles</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/member-states-portal" class="nav-link">Member States Portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/strategic-management-board" class="nav-link">Strategic Management Board</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Calendar of events</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events" class="nav-link">All Events</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/statutory-meetings" class="nav-link">Statutory Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/governing-bodies" class="nav-link">Governing Bodies</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/delegates-meetings" class="nav-link">Delegates Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/cultural" class="nav-link">Cultural Events at Headquarters</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/commemorations" class="nav-link">UNESCO commemorations</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Latest activities</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?f%5B0%5D=source-website%3Aa8408b86-f0b0-48be-b255-140df27e8910&f%5B1%5D=type%3Anews&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=" class="nav-link">News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?text=&date_from=%5Bpast-today%5D&f%5B0%5D=source-website%3Aa8408b86-f0b0-48be-b255-140df27e8910&f%5B1%5D=tags%3A286097c9-5acc-405e-ae8b-d8873695a21a&f%5B2%5D=type%3Aarticle&sort_by=unesco_date" class="nav-link">Credentials</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=UNESCO&text=&f%5B0%5D=site_tags_hierarchy%3AQ2FsbHM%3D&sort_by=unesco_date" class="nav-link">Calls</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Resources</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic texts</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/geo-distribution" class="nav-link">Geographical Distribution</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesco.sharepoint.com/sites/ms/en-US/SitePages/Home.aspx" class="nav-link">Extranet</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/conventionslist" class="nav-link">UNESCO's Conventions</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/permalink/PN-da8a42eb-160d-4c37-88cf-853a4f4f1792" class="nav-link">Azure Notes</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Directories</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://pax.unesco.org/countries/NationalCommissions.html" class="nav-link">National Commissions</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://pax.unesco.org/PermanentDelegations/PermanentDelegationsAllFR.html" class="nav-link">Permanent Delegations</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/hq-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Committee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://core.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">Core Data Portal</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Statutory Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/headquarters-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Commitee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378083_eng" class="nav-link">Medium-Term Strategy for 2022-2029 (41 C/4)</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000389188" class="nav-link">Approved programme and budget 2024-2025 (42 C/5)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Resources</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESDOC - Digital library</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/artcollection/jsps/welcome.jsp" class="nav-link">Art Collection</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/" class="nav-link">Multimedia archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/archives" class="nav-link">Archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Courier</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/131897504@N08/albums" class="nav-link">Official Photo Gallery</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Databases and Statistics</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Core data portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/data-center" class="nav-link">More data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/safety-journalists/observatory" class="nav-link">Observatory of killed Journalists</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://uis.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Institute for Statistics</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.education-inequalities.org/" class="nav-link">World Inequality Database on Education</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/classroom" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO Classroom</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/campus" class="nav-link">UNESCO Campus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="vocabulary--websites"><span class="title nav-link">All UNESCO websites</span><div class="right"><input aria-label="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" class="dynamic-search" placeholder="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" type="search" /><div class="wrapper-websites"><div data-letter="B" data-nid="419205" id="taxonomy-term-419205" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/biennaleluanda/2021/en" title="Biennale of Luanda" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Biennale of Luanda</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="C" data-nid="426910" id="taxonomy-term-426910" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" title="Core Data Portal" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Core Data Portal</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="426556" id="taxonomy-term-426556" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en" title="Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately provides <strong>a new framework for informed, transparent and </strong></p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="E" data-nid="423651" id="taxonomy-term-423651" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/interculturaldialogue/en" title="E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO’s e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="434693" id="taxonomy-term-434693" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">GEM-reports</div></div></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="423648" id="taxonomy-term-423648" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en" title="Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="426122" id="taxonomy-term-426122" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/" title="Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="429335" id="taxonomy-term-429335" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC)</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434571" id="taxonomy-term-434571" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434394" id="taxonomy-term-434394" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Year of Glaciers</div></div></div><div data-letter="M" data-nid="419206" id="taxonomy-term-419206" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/mab/50anniversary/en" title="Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423647" id="taxonomy-term-423647" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/access-to-information/2021/en" title="Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>To recovery and beyond: The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Info</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423806" id="taxonomy-term-423806" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en" title="Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Addressing culture as a global public good</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="419207" id="taxonomy-term-419207" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en" title="Science Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Science Report 2021</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="432195" id="taxonomy-term-432195" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Spotlight Children (GEM campaign)</div></div></div><div data-letter="T" data-nid="423658" id="taxonomy-term-423658" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" title="The UNESCO Courier" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">The UNESCO Courier</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For almost 75 years, <em>the UNESCO Courier</em> has served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire pla</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428474" id="taxonomy-term-428474" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/safety-journalists/2022/en" title="UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="419208" id="taxonomy-term-419208" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.uil.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="434368" id="taxonomy-term-434368" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)</div></div></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428475" id="taxonomy-term-428475" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.ibe.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Bureau of Education" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Bureau of Education</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="423652" id="taxonomy-term-423652" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.iiep.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="425968" id="taxonomy-term-425968" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="429336" id="taxonomy-term-429336" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iicba.unesco.org/en" title="UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="418330" id="taxonomy-term-418330" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org" title="UNESCO.org" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO.org</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Main UNESCO website</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="424690" id="taxonomy-term-424690" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" title="UNESDOC" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESDOC</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO Digital Library website.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419210" id="taxonomy-term-419210" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" title="World Heritage Convention (WHC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Heritage Convention (WHC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423642" id="taxonomy-term-423642" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/world-media-trends/2021/en" title="World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433913" id="taxonomy-term-433913" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419204" id="taxonomy-term-419204" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2021/en" title="World Water Development Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Value of water</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423807" id="taxonomy-term-423807" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2022/en" title="World Water Development Report 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2022</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Groundwater, making the invisible visible</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433448" id="taxonomy-term-433448" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en" title="World Water Development Report 2023" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2023</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div> </nav></div></div></div><div class="dropdown block block-unesco-common block-unesco-commonlanguage-blocklanguage-interface col-lg-1 col-md-12" id="block-languageswitcher"><div data-block="header"><button class="btn btn-link btn-link-white dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">English</button><div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"><ul class="language-switcher-language-url"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542" class="is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542" aria-current="page">English</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542"><a href="/fr/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-rec-conv" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542">Français</a></li><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542"><a href="/es/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-rec-conv" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542">Español</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button></div><div class="sub-header"><div class="region region-sub-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-name" id="block-unescositename"> <a href="/en" data-block="sub_header"><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark col"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h5><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul data-region="sub_header" data-block="sub_header" class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-0"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Expertise">Expertise</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">We bring people and nations together through education, culture and science.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief">In brief </a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/our-expertise">Fields of expertise</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/education" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/343">Education</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/education" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=E-L8Amx4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=NDU1Mcnn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=DyPBy-9M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=E-L8Amx4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=NDU1Mcnn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Education</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/348">Natural Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Natural Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/355">Social and Human Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Social and Human Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/culture" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Culture</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/culture" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Culture</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/370">Communication & Information</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Communication & Information</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ocean" class="nav-link">Ocean</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ocean" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Ocean</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/africa" class="nav-link">Priority Africa</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/africa" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Africa</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link">Priority Gender Equality</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Gender Equality</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Impact">Impact</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover UNESCO's impact around the world and the organisation's endeavour to build durable peace.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-challenges">Key Challenges</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/achievements">Key Achievements</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/explore" class="nav-link">Interactive Map</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/explore" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=JZXV0Heh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=X6cisev6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=ermTQwIo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=JZXV0Heh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=X6cisev6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=ermTQwIo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=ermTQwIo" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Interactive Map</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66210">Lists and designations</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Lists and designations</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/en/impact" class="nav-link">Presence Worldwide</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/en/impact" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg.webp?itok=dNA42rtj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg.webp?itok=d7o-Aem- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg.webp?itok=ypPzk8BT 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=dNA42rtj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=d7o-Aem- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=ypPzk8BT 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=ypPzk8BT" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Presence Worldwide</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">Standard setting & legal affairs</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg.webp?itok=Q5e2K5r6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg.webp?itok=y94-0zL9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg.webp?itok=bXHjf7qO 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?itok=Q5e2K5r6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?itok=y94-0zL9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?itok=bXHjf7qO 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?itok=bXHjf7qO" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Standard setting & legal affairs</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Publications">Publications</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO is the United Nations Laboratory of Ideas. Find the latest ideas, publications and reports.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ideas-data">Laboratory of Ideas</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/publications" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67076">Publications</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/publications" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=5Up0MwQu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=x7XrcAas 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=2T63_phA 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=5Up0MwQu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=x7XrcAas 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=2T63_phA 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=2T63_phA" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Publications</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/data-center" class="nav-link">Global Reports </a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/data-center" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=JYOGg8DP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=bAE5iJ0S 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=BTzzxK5M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=JYOGg8DP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=bAE5iJ0S 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=BTzzxK5M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=BTzzxK5M" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Global Reports </span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">The UNESCO Courier</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg.webp?itok=rEdWa-K5 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg.webp?itok=2zjGq4fD 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg.webp?itok=zuaF1nbk 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=rEdWa-K5 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=2zjGq4fD 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=zuaF1nbk 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=zuaF1nbk" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">The UNESCO Courier</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESDOC</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=f3umoST7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=ueseJVrF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=jgJ-TZX_ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=f3umoST7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=ueseJVrF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=jgJ-TZX_ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/png" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=jgJ-TZX_" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">UNESDOC</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Watch & Listen">Watch & Listen</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover our audiovisual content, listen to our experts, and the great voices invited to UNESCO throughout history.</div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/studio" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1048">UNESCO Studio</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/studio" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=Xgefsj7b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=0CYGVea0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=rnu7Ez7U 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=Xgefsj7b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=0CYGVea0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=rnu7Ez7U 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=rnu7Ez7U" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">UNESCO Studio</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/podcasts?hub=745" class="nav-link">Podcasts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/podcasts?hub=745" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg.webp?itok=zOw5IlRB 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg.webp?itok=i0qGFHu- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg.webp?itok=oyJTq36a 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=zOw5IlRB 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=i0qGFHu- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=oyJTq36a 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=oyJTq36a" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Podcasts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3A39ad1d55-1363-4ca7-9149-4d76cfd4f299#toggle-facets" class="nav-link">Experts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3A39ad1d55-1363-4ca7-9149-4d76cfd4f299#toggle-facets" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=L8M13av0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=wjigtYP9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=yIP9nji4 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=L8M13av0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=wjigtYP9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=yIP9nji4 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=yIP9nji4" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Experts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3Aa2ebb36d-1a43-46c4-a20f-caea1789af24&sort_order=DESC&sort_by=unesco_date#toggle-facets" class="nav-link">Special Guests</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3Aa2ebb36d-1a43-46c4-a20f-caea1789af24&sort_order=DESC&sort_by=unesco_date#toggle-facets" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg.webp?itok=lInvhri- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg.webp?itok=Mt2R3iSi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg.webp?itok=sbJueIEk 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=lInvhri- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=Mt2R3iSi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=sbJueIEk 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=sbJueIEk" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Special Guests</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Get Involved">Get Involved</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">There are many ways to take action with UNESCO - everyone can make a difference. Join us and leave your mark !<br /></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="http://eepurl.com/hA0MhX">Subscribe</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/donate">Donate</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/partnerships" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/953">Become a partner</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/partnerships" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg.webp?itok=y-q4lsh2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg.webp?itok=1ofRWI07 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg.webp?itok=BEdW7qcr 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=y-q4lsh2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=1ofRWI07 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=BEdW7qcr 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=BEdW7qcr" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Become a partner</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/join-unesco" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/960">Join UNESCO</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/join-unesco" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg.webp?itok=t3cuXwKW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg.webp?itok=tuDc2zR4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg.webp?itok=nUHcbJzE 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=t3cuXwKW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=tuDc2zR4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=nUHcbJzE 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=nUHcbJzE" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Join UNESCO</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/classroom" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1002">Webinars & Open Courses</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/classroom" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg.webp?itok=5n0FF9Ze 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg.webp?itok=GFFvud52 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg.webp?itok=m9Vdu1wx 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=5n0FF9Ze 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=GFFvud52 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=m9Vdu1wx 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=m9Vdu1wx" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Webinars & Open Courses</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/en/fellowships" class="nav-link">Fellowships</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/en/fellowships" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-belle-co-1000445.jpg.webp?itok=mKUaQl4q 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-belle-co-1000445.jpg.webp?itok=7OmkcSSP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-belle-co-1000445.jpg.webp?itok=W7-TKXo8 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-belle-co-1000445.jpg?itok=mKUaQl4q 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-belle-co-1000445.jpg?itok=7OmkcSSP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-belle-co-1000445.jpg?itok=W7-TKXo8 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-belle-co-1000445.jpg?itok=W7-TKXo8" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Fellowships</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li></ul></div> </nav><div id="block-unescosearchmenuicon" class="block block-unesco-search block-unesco-search-menu-icon"><div data-block="sub_header"><a href="/en/search?f%5B0%5D=source-website%3Aa8408b86-f0b0-48be-b255-140df27e8910&date_from=%5Bpast-today%5D" class="search-menu-icon js-search-menu-trigger">Search</a></div></div><div class="content-menu-sticky block block-unesco-menu block-unesco-common-content-menu-sticky" id="block-unescocontentmenustickyheader"><div data-block="sub_header"><div><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" class="sticky-share better-social-sharing-buttons" hreflang="en"><span>Share</span><i class="icon icon-share">forward</i></a></div></div></div></div></div> </header><main role="main" class="container"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a><div class=""><div class="region region-content"><div class="ows-search-views-keyword-form unesco-search--dropdown block block-unesco-search" data-drupal-selector="ows-search-views-keyword-form" role="search" id="block-unescosearch"><form data-block="content" action="/en/search" method="get" id="ows-search-views-keyword-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div class="unesco-search--overlay"></div><div class="btn unesco-search--close"></div> <input type="hidden" name="category" value="UNESCO" /><div class="wrapper-search-text"><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-type-search js-form-item-text form-item-text"> <input placeholder="" data-drupal-selector="edit-text" type="search" id="edit-text" name="text" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-search form-control" /></div><button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary custom-submit" label="ows-edit-submit" type="submit">Search</button><div data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="ows-edit-actions"> <input data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-submit" class="btn-lg button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary" type="submit" id="ows-edit-submit" value="Search" /></div><div class="wrapper-quick-links"><span class="quick-links-text">Quick links:</span><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ukraine-war">UNESCO action in Ukraine</a><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/world-heritage">World Heritage</a></div></div><div class="results-sort-wrapper"></div></form></div><div class="unesco-messages-wrapper"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div><div id="block-unesco-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb"><h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs">Legal Affairs</a></li></ol> </nav></div><div id="block-unesco-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node--view-mode-full media-small parent-sdh-la0001 node node--type-page node--promoted" data-letter="R" data-nid="66542"> <article data-terms-tags="418340 419459 422936 423968 423986 423613 423616" data-terms-univers="418340 419459 422936 423968 423986" data-letter="L" data-nid="66535" class="node node--type-structured-data-hub node--promoted node--view-mode-header"><div class="node__content"><div class="header-hub"><div class="hero-wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-banner"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg.webp?itok=tcJajUS4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg.webp?itok=j6_AOz90 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg.webp?itok=9zwXC-02 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg?itok=tcJajUS4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg?itok=j6_AOz90 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg?itok=9zwXC-02 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="512"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg?itok=9zwXC-02" width="400" height="512" alt="Salle X" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div><div class="field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO / C. Alix</div></div></div><div class="header-texts"><div><a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="title" hreflang="en">Legal Affairs</a></div></div></div><div class="hub-menu-header hub-header-66535"><ul class="menu menu-lvl1"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" hreflang="en">Home</a></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies?hub=66535">Governing bodies</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">Governing Bodies Homepage</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#general-conference" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">General Conference</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-gc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66538">Rules of Procedure of the General Conference</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/gc-resolutions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66668">Resolutions and documents of the General Conference</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-committee" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66637">Legal Committee</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#executive-board" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">Executive Board</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-exb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66541">Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/decisions-exb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66663">Decisions and documents of the Executive Board</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66628">Committee on Conventions and Recommendations</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/66777?hub=66535#normative-action">Standard-setting</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68260">Standard-setting Homepage</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/conventions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68258">Conventions</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/recommendations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68261">Recommendations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/declarations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68262">Declarations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/list">List of all instruments</a></li></ul></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting?hub=66535#standard-setting-process">Standard-setting process </a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Rules of Procedure for recommendations and conventions</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/procedure-declarations-genconf" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66543">Multi-stage procedure for declarations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee/monitoring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66638">Monitoring of standard-setting instruments</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/103125">One-Stop Shop</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">Conventions Ceremony</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">Third Ceremony (November 2023)</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony#_nd-conventions-ceremony-held-the-margins-of-the-41th-session-of-the-general-conference" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">Second Ceremony (November 2021)</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony#_st-conventions-ceremony-held-the-margins-of-the-40th-session-of-the-general-conference" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">First Ceremony (November 2019)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66905">Legal Texts</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66905">Legal Texts Homepage</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about#basic-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66905">Basic Texts</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/constitution" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66537">UNESCO Constitution</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-gc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66538">Rules of Procedure of the General Conference</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-exb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66541">Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board</a></li></ul></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about?hub=66535#basic-texts#Legal-texts-on-UNESCO">Standard-setting</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/67118">Legal texts on UNESCO's standard-setting</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts/unesco-specific-conv">Legal texts on UNESCO conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about?hub=66535#Other-legal-texts">Other legal texts</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66707">External Relations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66707">Administrative and Financial</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66707">Programme</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts?hub=66535">All other legal texts</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/node/66577">About us</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-responsibilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our responsibilities</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-priorities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our priorities</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-team" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our team</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></div> </article><div class="node__content"><div class="main-node-content"><div class="content-header"><h1 class="title article-title">Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution</h1></div><div class="content-narrow"><div class="media-wrapper"><div class="media-image field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg.webp?itok=pgbMceW0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="772"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg.webp?itok=rAWhGYrY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="700" height="886"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg.webp?itok=yFx2RGC2 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="414"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=pgbMceW0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="772"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=rAWhGYrY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="700" height="886"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=yFx2RGC2 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="414"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=pgbMceW0" width="610" height="772" alt="Basic Texts 2024 EN" title="Basic Texts 2024 EN" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="media-footer"><div class="media-copyright">UNESCO</div></div></div><div class="last-update"><span>Last update:</span><span>24 July 2024</span></div><aside class="content-summary summary-simple page"><div class="item-list"><h3>Summary</h3><ul><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#i-scope-of-the-present-rules-of-procedure" class="summary-link">I. Scope of the present Rules of Procedure</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#ii-inclusion-in-the-agenda-of-the-general-conference-of-proposals-for-the-regulation-of-any-question-on-an-international-basis" class="summary-link">II. Inclusion in the agenda of the General Conference of proposals for the regulation of any question on an international basis</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#iii-procedure-for-the-first-discussion-by-the-general-conference" class="summary-link">III. Procedure for the first discussion by the General Conference</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#iv-preparation-of-drafts-to-be-submitted-to-the-general-conference-for-consideration-and-adoption" class="summary-link">IV. Preparation of drafts to be submitted to the General Conference for consideration and adoption</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#v-consideration-and-adoption-of-drafts-by-the-general-conference" class="summary-link">V. Consideration and adoption of drafts by the General Conference</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#vi-procedures-for-promoting-member-states’-acceptance-and-application-of-conventions-and-recommendations-adopted-by-the-general-conference" class="summary-link">VI. Procedures for promoting Member States’ acceptance and application of conventions and recommendations adopted by the General Conference</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#vii-suspension-and-amendment" class="summary-link">VII. Suspension and amendment</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr#links" class="summary-link">Links</a></li></ul></div></aside><div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Adopted by the General Conference at its 5th session, and amended at its 7th, 17th, 25th, 32nd and 35th sessions.<sup>1</sup></p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="i-scope-of-the-present-rules-of-procedure" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>I. Scope of the present Rules of Procedure</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify"><strong>Article 1</strong><br><br>These Rules of Procedure cover the preparation and the examination and adoption by the General Conference of :<br><br>(a) International conventions for ratification by Member States; and<br><br>(b) Recommendations in which the General Conference formulates principles and norms for the international regulation of any particular question and invites Member States to take whatever legislative or other steps may be required – in conformity with the constitutional practice of each state and the nature of the question under consideration – to apply the principles and norms aforesaid within their respective territories.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="ii-inclusion-in-the-agenda-of-the-general-conference-of-proposals-for-the-regulation-of-any-question-on-an-international-basis" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>II. Inclusion in the agenda of the General Conference of proposals for the regulation of any question on an international basis</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify"><strong>Article 2</strong><br><br>The General Conference shall make no decision on the desirability or on the substance of any proposal for the regulation of a particular question on an international basis by the adoption of an international convention or of a recommendation, unless the proposal has been specifically placed on the provisional agenda of the Conference in accordance with the present Rules of Procedure.<br><br><strong>Article 3</strong><br><br>No new proposal for the regulation on an international basis of any question by the adoption by the General Conference of an international convention or a recommendation to Member States shall be included in the provisional agenda of the General Conference unless:<br><br>(a) It is accompanied by a preliminary study of the technical and legal aspects of the problem under consideration; and<br><br>(b) It has first been examined by the Executive Board at least ninety days before the opening of the session of the General Conference.<br><br><strong>Article 4</strong><br><br>1. The Executive Board may communicate to the General Conference any comments it may deem necessary on proposals covered by Article 3.<br><br>2. The Board may decide to instruct the Secretariat, one or more experts or a committee of experts, to carry out a thorough study of the matters dealt with in the aforementioned proposals, and to prepare a report for communication to the General Conference.<br><br><strong>Article 5</strong><br><br>When a proposal covered by the terms of Article 3 has been placed on the provisional agenda of the General Conference, the Director-General shall communicate to Member States, at least seventy days before the opening of the session of the Conference, a copy of the preliminary study accompanying the proposal, together with the Executive Board’s observations and decisions thereon.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="iii-procedure-for-the-first-discussion-by-the-general-conference" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>III. Procedure for the first discussion by the General Conference</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify"><strong>Article 6</strong><br><br>It shall be for the Conference to decide whether the question dealt with in the proposal should be regulated at the international level and, if so, to determine to what extent the question can be regulated and whether the method adopted should be an international convention or, alternatively, a recommendation to Member States.<br><br><strong>Article 7</strong><br><br>1. The General Conference may, however, decide to defer to a future session the decisions mentioned in Article 6.<br><br>2. It may, in this case, instruct the Director-General to submit to a future session a report on the desirability of regulating the question dealt with in the proposal, on an international basis; on the method which should be adopted for that purpose; and on the extent to which the question can be regulated.<br><br>3. The Director-General’s report shall be communicated to Member States at least one hundred days before the opening of the session of the General Conference.<br><br><strong>Article 8</strong><br><br>The General Conference shall take the decisions mentioned in Articles 6 and 7 by a simple majority.<br><br><strong>Article 9</strong><br><br>The General Conference shall not vote on the adoption of a draft convention or recommendation before the ordinary session following that at which it has taken the decisions mentioned in Article 6.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="iv-preparation-of-drafts-to-be-submitted-to-the-general-conference-for-consideration-and-adoption" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>IV. Preparation of drafts to be submitted to the General Conference for consideration and adoption</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify"><strong>Article 10</strong><br><br>1. When the General Conference has taken decisions under the terms of Article 6, it shall instruct the Director-General to prepare a preliminary report setting forth the position with regard to the problem to be regulated and to the possible scope of the regulating action proposed. The preliminary report may be accompanied by the first draft of a convention or recommendation, as the case may be. Member States shall be asked to make comments and observations on that report.<br><br>2. The Director-General’s preliminary report shall reach Member States at least fourteen months before the opening of the session of the General Conference. Member States shall forward their comments and observations on the preliminary report, to reach the Director-General at least ten months before the opening of the session mentioned in the preceding sentence.<br><br>3. On the basis of the comments and observations transmitted, the Director-General shall prepare a final report containing one or more draft texts, which shall be communicated to Member States at least seven months before the opening of the session of the General Conference.<br><br>4. Unless the General Conference has decided otherwise, the Director-General’s final report shall be submitted to a special committee to be convened at least four months before the opening of the General Conference and consisting of technical and legal experts appointed by Member States. All Member States shall be invited as full participants in the special committee.<br><br>5. The special committee shall submit a draft which has its approval to Member States, with a view to its discussion at the General Conference, at least seventy days before the opening of the session of the General Conference.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="v-consideration-and-adoption-of-drafts-by-the-general-conference" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>V. Consideration and adoption of drafts by the General Conference</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify"><strong>Article 11</strong><br><br>The General Conference shall consider and discuss draft texts submitted to it, and any amendments to them which may be proposed.<br><br><strong>Article 12</strong><br><br>1. A two-thirds majority shall be required for the adoption of a convention.<br><br>2. A simple majority shall be sufficient for the adoption of a recommendation.<br><br><strong>Article 13</strong><br><br>If, on the final vote, a draft convention does not secure the two-thirds majority required in the first paragraph of Article 12, but only a simple majority, the Conference may decide that the draft be converted into a draft recommendation to be submitted for its approval either before the end of the session or at the following session.<br><br><strong>Article 14</strong><br><br>Two copies of any convention or recommendation adopted by the General Conference shall be authenticated by the signatures of the President of the General Conference and of the Director-General.<br><br><strong>Article 15</strong><br><br>A certified copy of any convention or recommendation adopted by the General Conference shall be transmitted, as soon as possible, to Member States, in order that they may submit the convention or recommendation to their competent national authorities, in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="vi-procedures-for-promoting-member-states’-acceptance-and-application-of-conventions-and-recommendations-adopted-by-the-general-conference" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>VI. Procedures for promoting Member States’ acceptance and application of conventions and recommendations adopted by the General Conference</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify"><strong>Article 16</strong><br><br>1. While transmitting, pursuant to Article 15 of the present Rules, a certified copy of any convention or recommendation to Member States, the Director-General shall formally remind them of their obligation to submit the convention or recommendation in question to their competent national authorities in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution, drawing also their attention to the difference in the legal nature of conventions and recommendations.<br><br>2. The Member States shall make the text of any convention or recommendation known to the bodies, target groups and other entities interested in matters dealt with therein.<br><br><strong>Article 17</strong><br><br>1. The Member States shall submit, by the dates specified by the General Conference, reports on the measures that they have adopted in relation to each convention in force and each recommendation adopted.<br><br>2. The General Conference may invite the Secretariat to assist the Member States in the implementation of the convention or recommendation concerned and in the preparation and follow-up of such reports.<br><br><strong>Article 18</strong><br><br>1. The General Conference shall entrust the examination of the reports on such conventions and recommendations received from Member States to the Executive Board.<br><br>2. The Executive Board shall transmit to the General Conference the reports or, if so decided by the General Conference, the analytical summaries thereof, together with its observations or comments and any that the Director-General may make. They shall be examined by the competent subsidiary organs prior to their consideration in plenary meeting.<br><br>3. The Director-General shall regularly inform the General Conference and Executive Board with respect to the implementation of the conclusions and decisions adopted by the General Conference concerning reports on conventions and recommendations.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="vii-suspension-and-amendment" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>VII. Suspension and amendment</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify"><strong>Article 19</strong><br><br>If there are special circumstances justifying such a course, the General Conference may decide, by a two-thirds majority, to suspend the application of the provisions of one or more articles in the present Rules of Procedure in any particular case. The Conference may not, however, suspend the application of Articles 8 and 12.<br><br><strong>Article 20</strong><br><br>With the exception of Articles 8 and 12, these Rules may be amended by a decision of the General Conference taken by a two-thirds majority, provided that the proposal for amendment has first been placed on the agenda.</p><p class="text-align-justify"> </p><p class="text-align-justify">_______________</p><p class="text-align-justify"><span>1. See 5 C/Resolutions, pp. 133-4, 137-9; 7 C/Resolutions, p. 109; 17 C/Resolutions, p. 114; 25 C/Resolutions, p. 194; 32 C/Resolutions, pp. 117-18, 35 C/Resolutions, p.95.</span></p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="links" class="paragraph-border paragraph paragraph--type--quick-link paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Links</h2></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting?hub=66535"><div class="link-wrapper"><span class="arrow-primary"></span><span class="link-title">Standard-setting</span></div></a></div><div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/conventions?hub=66535"><div class="link-wrapper"><span class="arrow-primary"></span><span class="link-title">List of Conventions adopted by UNESCO</span></div></a></div><div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/recommendations?hub=66535"><div class="link-wrapper"><span class="arrow-primary"></span><span class="link-title">List of Recommendations adopted by UNESCO</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div><h3 class="share-title">Share</h3><div style="display: none"><link rel="preload" href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg" as="image" type="image/svg+xml" crossorigin="anonymous" /></div><div class="social-sharing-buttons"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr&title=Rules%20of%20Procedure%20concerning%20recommendations%20to%20Member%20States%20and%20international%20conventions%20covered%20by%20the%20terms%20of%20Article%20IV%2C%20paragraph%204%2C%20of%20the%20Constitution" target="_blank" title="Share to Facebook" aria-label="Share to Facebook" class="social-sharing-buttons__button share-facebook" rel="noopener"> <svg width="30px" height="30px" style="border-radius:100%;"> <use href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg#facebook" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Rules%20of%20Procedure%20concerning%20recommendations%20to%20Member%20States%20and%20international%20conventions%20covered%20by%20the%20terms%20of%20Article%20IV%2C%20paragraph%204%2C%20of%20the%20Constitution+https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" target="_blank" title="Share to X" aria-label="Share to X" class="social-sharing-buttons__button share-x" rel="noopener"> <svg width="30px" height="30px" style="border-radius:100%;"> <use href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg#x" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://wa.me/?text=https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" target="_blank" title="Share to WhatsApp" aria-label="Share to WhatsApp" class="social-sharing-buttons__button share-whatsapp" rel="noopener"> <svg width="30px" height="30px" style="border-radius:100%;"> <use href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg#whatsapp" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" target="_blank" title="Share to Linkedin" aria-label="Share to Linkedin" class="social-sharing-buttons__button share-linkedin" rel="noopener"> <svg width="30px" height="30px" style="border-radius:100%;"> <use href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg#linkedin" /> </svg> </a> <a href="mailto:?subject=Rules%20of%20Procedure%20concerning%20recommendations%20to%20Member%20States%20and%20international%20conventions%20covered%20by%20the%20terms%20of%20Article%20IV%2C%20paragraph%204%2C%20of%20the%20Constitution&body=https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" title="Share to Email" aria-label="Share to Email" class="social-sharing-buttons__button share-email" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg width="30px" height="30px" style="border-radius:100%;"> <use href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg#email" /> </svg> </a> <a class="btnCopyUnesco social-sharing-buttons__button share-copy" data-url="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr"> <svg width="30px" height="30px" style="border-radius:100%;"> <use href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg#copy" /> </svg><div class="social-sharing-buttons__popup">Copied to clipboard</div> </a></div></div></div></div></div> <article data-terms-tags="418340 419459 422936 423968 423986 423613 423616" data-terms-univers="418340 419459 422936 423968 423986" data-letter="L" data-nid="66535" class="node node--type-structured-data-hub node--promoted node--view-mode-footer"><div class="node__content"></div> </article> </article></div></div></div></main> <footer id="footer" class="bg-grey bg-gray"><div class="footer-wrapper"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-12"><div class="footer-top"><div class="region region-footer-top"><div class="newsletter block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-newsletter" data-drupal-selector="newsletter" id="block-unesconewsletter"><form data-block="footer_top" action="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" method="post" id="newsletter" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input data-drupal-selector="form-21ktoei1b8n1s5vdl-is9v9yis6zt5rgawiysliws08" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-21KtoEi1b8N1s5VdL_iS9v9yIs6zt5RgawiYSLIwS08" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-newsletter" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="newsletter" /></form></div></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-12"><div class="footer"><div class="flex-row row region region-footer"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu" id="block-footer" class="col-lg-9 p-0 block block-menu navigation menu--footer"><ul data-block="footer" class="flex-row nav navbar-nav"><li class="col-lg-4 nav-item"> <a href="/en" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">UNESCO</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/newsroom" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/701">Latest News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/take-action" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/998">Take Action</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/ideas-data" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/745">Ideas & Data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/impact" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1063">Our Impact</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/expertise" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/383">Our expertise</a></li><li class="icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" class="nav-link">Core Data Portal</a></li><li class="icon-external nav-item"> <a href="http://eepurl.com/hA0MhX" class="nav-link">Subscribe to our Newsletter</a></li><li class="icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li><li class="col-lg-4 nav-item"> <a href="/en" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Terms of use</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/logo-patronage" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/760">UNESCO Name & Logo</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/faq" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67007">FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/ios/report-wrongdoing" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67612">Report fraud, abuse, misconduct</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/scamalert" class="text-danger font-weight-bolder nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66770">Scam alert</a></li></ul></li><li class="col-lg-4 nav-item"> <a href="/en" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Policies</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee/104-procedure" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66639">Protection of human rights (Procedure 104)</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/privacy-notice" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66488">Privacy Notice</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/unesco-access-information-policy" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/467">Access to Information</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/environmental-commitment-and-policy" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67139">Environmental and Social Policies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </nav><div class="col-lg-3 nav-social nav-social--wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-footer-social-networks" id="block-unescofootersocialnetworks"><div class="nav-social--title">Follow us</div><div class="field field--name-field-social-networks field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/unesco/" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-facebook icon"></span><span>Facebook</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.threads.net/@unesco" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-threads icon"></span><span>Threads</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://twitter.com/UNESCO?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-twitter icon"></span><span>Twitter</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/UNESCO" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-youtube icon"></span><span>YouTube</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@unesco?lang=en" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-tiktok icon"></span><span>TikTok</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/unesco/?hl=en" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-instagram icon"></span><span>Instagram</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaHUoHkAO7RCkmguOi1w" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-whatsapp icon"></span><span>Whatsapp</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/unesco" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-linkedin icon"></span><span>LinkedIn</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </footer></div><div id="back-top"><a href="#top" aria-label="Back to top"><span class="back-top-text">top</span></a></div><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/66542","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxtUEluwzAM_JAUnfIegZIZWzUtClwO7uurIGiTBjlxFnCIYUEzlKxcG1DWDaT1NRc3465J7aTJQ2E2NYFxTQUU__E_GL80EhiqvforcQGKH5IOVIUVNVQC1TN1XjBUFpxIDqD2jQE9V-a94RzHoAa9Yvok5gVv4GRhgMA68zdNi_gAujyVi_fhhZpuuAQ91fB49PGOWjlVHmesLoLdogv96m8dHur9-MH9-YBoUAjf3GnU_WXpXjJtXvJM2vUHYlGWPw","theme":"unesco","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true,"\/en\/search":true},"charts_google":{"mapApiKey":false},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default row\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022col-lg-12 popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookies\u0022 role=\u0022alert\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-content eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. For more information on how we use cookies, read \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/website-privacy-notice\u0022\u003Eour privacy notice\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-actions eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button btn btn-primary\u0022\u003Eclose\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default row\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022col-lg-12 popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookies\u0022 role=\u0022alert\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-content eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-actions eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button btn btn-primary\u0022\u003Eclose\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/website-privacy-notice","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":false,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":false,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"default","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button \u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":"","olivero_secondary_button_classes":"","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"field_group":{"html_element":{"mode":"level_0","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12","id":"","element":"div","show_label":false,"label_element":"h3","label_element_classes":"","attributes":"","effect":"none","speed":"fast"}}},"unesco_node":{"hub_id":"66535","host":"https:\/\/www.unesco.org","countries_mapping":{"NC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENew Caledonia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"New Caledonia","url":{}},"AF":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/af\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAfghanistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Afghanistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"AL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/al\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAlbania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Albania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"DZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAlgeria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Algeria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"AD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ad\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAndorra\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Andorra","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"AO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ao\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAngola\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Angola","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"AI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ai\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAnguilla\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Anguilla","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"AG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ag\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAntigua and Barbuda\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Antigua and Barbuda","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"AR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ar\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EArgentina\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Argentina","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"AM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/am\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EArmenia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Armenia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"AW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/aw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAruba\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Aruba","url":{}},"AU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/au\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAustralia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Australia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"AT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/at\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAustria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Austria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"AZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/az\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAzerbaijan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Azerbaijan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bs\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBahamas\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bahamas","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBahrain\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bahrain","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"BD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBangladesh\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bangladesh","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"BB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBarbados\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Barbados","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/by\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBelarus\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Belarus","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/be\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBelgium\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Belgium","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"BZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBelize\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Belize","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBenin\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Benin","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"BT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBhutan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bhutan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"BO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBolivia (Plurinational State of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ba\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBosnia and Herzegovina\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBotswana\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Botswana","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"BR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/br\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBrazil\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Brazil","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBritish Virgin Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"British Virgin Islands","url":{}},"BN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBrunei Darussalam\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Brunei Darussalam","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"BG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBulgaria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bulgaria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BF":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bf\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBurkina Faso\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Burkina Faso","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"BI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bi\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBurundi\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Burundi","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECabo Verde\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cabo Verde","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"KH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECambodia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cambodia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECameroon\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cameroon","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ca\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECanada\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Canada","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"KY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ky\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECayman Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cayman Islands","url":{}},"CF":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cf\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECentral African Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Central African Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"TD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/td\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChad\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Chad","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChile\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Chile","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"CN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChina\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"China","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/co\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EColombia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Colombia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"KM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/km\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EComoros\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Comoros","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECongo\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Congo","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ck\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECook Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cook Islands","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECosta Rica\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Costa Rica","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"CI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ci\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EC\u00f4te d\u0026#039;Ivoire\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"C\u00f4te d\u0027Ivoire","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"HR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/hr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECroatia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Croatia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"CU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECuba\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cuba","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"CW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECura\u00e7ao\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cura\u00e7ao","url":{}},"CY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECyprus\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cyprus","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"CZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECzechia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Czechia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"KP":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kp\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDemocratic People\u0026#039;s Republic of Korea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Democratic People\u0027s Republic of Korea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDemocratic Republic of the Congo\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"DK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDenmark\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Denmark","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"DJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDjibouti\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Djibouti","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"DM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDominica\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Dominica","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"DO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/do\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDominican Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Dominican Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"EC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ec\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEcuador\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ecuador","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"EG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/eg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEgypt\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Egypt","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"SV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEl Salvador\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"El Salvador","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"GQ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gq\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEquatorial Guinea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Equatorial Guinea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ER":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/er\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEritrea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Eritrea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"EE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ee\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEstonia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Estonia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEswatini\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Eswatini","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ET":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/et\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEthiopia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ethiopia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"FO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFaroes\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Faroes","url":{}},"FJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFiji\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Fiji","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"FI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fi\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFinland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Finland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"FR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFrance\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"France","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"GA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ga\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGabon\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Gabon","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGambia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Gambia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ge\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGeorgia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Georgia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"DE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/de\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGermany\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Germany","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"GH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGhana\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ghana","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGreece\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Greece","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"GD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGrenada\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Grenada","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"GT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuatemala\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guatemala","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"GN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuinea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guinea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuinea-Bissau\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guinea-Bissau","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuyana\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guyana","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"HT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ht\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHaiti\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Haiti","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/va\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHoly See\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Holy See","url":{}},"HN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/hn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHonduras\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Honduras","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"HU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/hu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHungary\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Hungary","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"IS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/is\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIceland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Iceland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"IN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/in\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIndia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"India","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"ID":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/id\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIndonesia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Indonesia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"IR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ir\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIran (Islamic Republic of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"IQ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/iq\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIraq\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Iraq","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"IE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ie\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIreland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ireland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"IL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/il\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIsrael\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Israel","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"IT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/it\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EItaly\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Italy","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"JM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/jm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EJamaica\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Jamaica","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"JP":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/jp\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EJapan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Japan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"JO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/jo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EJordan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Jordan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"KZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKazakhstan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kazakhstan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"KE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ke\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKenya\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kenya","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"KI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ki\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKiribati\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kiribati","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"KW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKuwait\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kuwait","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"KG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKyrgyzstan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kyrgyzstan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"LA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/la\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELao People\u0026#039;s Democratic Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lao People\u0027s Democratic Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"LV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELatvia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Latvia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"LS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ls\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELesotho\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lesotho","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"LR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELiberia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Liberia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"LY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ly\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELibya\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Libya","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"LT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELithuania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lithuania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"LU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELuxembourg\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Luxembourg","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"MO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMacao, China\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Macao, China","url":{}},"MG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMadagascar\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Madagascar","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMalawi\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Malawi","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/my\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMalaysia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Malaysia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMaldives\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Maldives","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"ML":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ml\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMali\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mali","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMalta\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Malta","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"MH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMarshall Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Marshall Islands","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMauritania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mauritania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"MU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMauritius\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mauritius","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MX":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mx\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMexico\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mexico","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"FM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMicronesia (Federated States of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Micronesia (Federated States of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMonaco\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Monaco","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"MN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMongolia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mongolia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"ME":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/me\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMontenegro\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Montenegro","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"MS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ms\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMontserrat\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Montserrat","url":{}},"MA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ma\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMorocco\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Morocco","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"MZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMozambique\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mozambique","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMyanmar\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Myanmar","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/na\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENamibia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Namibia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"NR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENauru\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nauru","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NP":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/np\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENepal\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nepal","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENetherlands (Kingdom of the)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Netherlands (Kingdom of the)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"NZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENew Zealand\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"New Zealand","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ni\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENicaragua\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nicaragua","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"NE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ne\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENiger\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Niger","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"NG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ng\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENigeria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nigeria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"NU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENiue\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Niue","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/no\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENorway\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Norway","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"OM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/om\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EOman\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Oman","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"PK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPakistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Pakistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPalau\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Palau","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ps\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EState of Palestine\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"State of Palestine","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"PA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pa\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPanama\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Panama","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"PG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPapua New Guinea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Papua New Guinea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/py\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EParaguay\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Paraguay","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"PE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pe\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPeru\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Peru","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"PH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ph\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPhilippines\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Philippines","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPoland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Poland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"PT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPortugal\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Portugal","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"QA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/qa\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EQatar\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Qatar","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"KR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERepublic of Korea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Republic of Korea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/md\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERepublic of Moldova\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Republic of Moldova","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"RO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ro\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERomania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Romania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"RU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ru\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERussian Federation\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Russian Federation","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"RW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/rw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERwanda\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Rwanda","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"KN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaint Kitts and Nevis\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"LC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaint Lucia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saint Lucia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaint Vincent and the Grenadines\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"WS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ws\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESamoa\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Samoa","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESan Marino\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"San Marino","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"ST":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/st\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESao Tome and Principe\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sao Tome and Principe","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sa\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaudi Arabia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saudi Arabia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"SN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESenegal\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Senegal","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"RS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/rs\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESerbia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Serbia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESeychelles\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Seychelles","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESierra Leone\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sierra Leone","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESingapore\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Singapore","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SX":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sx\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESint Maarten\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sint Maarten","url":{}},"SK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESlovakia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Slovakia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/si\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESlovenia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Slovenia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESolomon Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Solomon Islands","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/so\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESomalia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Somalia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ZA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/za\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESouth Africa\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"South Africa","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ss\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESouth Sudan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"South Sudan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ES":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/es\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESpain\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Spain","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"LK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESri Lanka\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sri Lanka","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESudan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sudan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"SR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESuriname\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Suriname","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"SE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/se\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESweden\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sweden","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"CH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ch\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESwitzerland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Switzerland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"SY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESyrian Arab Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Syrian Arab Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"TJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETajikistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tajikistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"TH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/th\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EThailand\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Thailand","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENorth Macedonia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"North Macedonia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"TL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETimor-Leste\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Timor-Leste","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"TG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETogo\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Togo","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"TK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETokelau\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tokelau","url":{}},"TO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/to\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETonga\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tonga","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"TT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETrinidad and Tobago\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"TN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETunisia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tunisia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"TR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ET\u00fcrkiye\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"T\u00fcrkiye","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"TM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETurkmenistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Turkmenistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"TV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETuvalu\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tuvalu","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"UG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ug\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUganda\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Uganda","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"UA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ua\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUkraine\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ukraine","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"AE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ae\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited Arab Emirates\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United Arab Emirates","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"GB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"TZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited Republic of Tanzania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United Republic of Tanzania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"US":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/us\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited States of America\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United States of America","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"UY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/uy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUruguay\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Uruguay","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"UZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/uz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUzbekistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Uzbekistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"VU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EVanuatu\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Vanuatu","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"VE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ve\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EViet Nam\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Viet Nam","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"YE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ye\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EYemen\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Yemen","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"ZM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/zm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EZambia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Zambia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ZW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/zw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EZimbabwe\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Zimbabwe","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"AX":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ax\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\u00c5land Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"\u00c5land Islands","url":{}},"LB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELebanon\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lebanon","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"}}},"strapi":{"url":"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/strapi"},"csp":{"nonce":"ZLhs1Xbde-YZhI0rRkkYCg"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"e0a31381dba4c3e5ffb0d5477e7df425bc531a5d4401884309d5da86d2f47daa"}}</script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_82gFJJ1YsbH9aMbKJ3rIY-vLEcSn4KrKOkeIAe7qaN0.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjksOwzAIRC9U5FXPE9kUpa4JWAYWuX0dqcki6m70RvMpqm4-cn-mckn4GHB2Mn-EkKGmlbVkBvOdq6w_uqBum0qaGWwHpphIW6XD6VyzIKV_8KxF7TtgjEHiEIPPYtEXpXeUZa41u81dP8FzYfoCAE1MZA"></script><script src="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=10.3.6" defer></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_B87LhG0Y3HLS43-qR7HBW2OA8CGo1ps_VXKiePmaFWU.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjksOwzAIRC9U5FXPE9kUpa4JWAYWuX0dqcki6m70RvMpqm4-cn-mckn4GHB2Mn-EkKGmlbVkBvOdq6w_uqBum0qaGWwHpphIW6XD6VyzIKV_8KxF7TtgjEHiEIPPYtEXpXeUZa41u81dP8FzYfoCAE1MZA"></script></body></html>