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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Network_QoS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network_QoS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Network QoS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network_QoS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-QoS_in_Wikimedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#QoS_in_Wikimedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>QoS in Wikimedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-QoS_in_Wikimedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-QoS_Classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#QoS_Classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>QoS Classes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-QoS_Classes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle QoS Classes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-QoS_Classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scheduling_Bandwidth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scheduling_Bandwidth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Scheduling Bandwidth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scheduling_Bandwidth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DSCP_Marking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DSCP_Marking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>DSCP Marking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DSCP_Marking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trusted_vs_Untrusted_Interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trusted_vs_Untrusted_Interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Trusted vs Untrusted Interfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trusted_vs_Untrusted_Interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DSCP_Marking_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DSCP_Marking_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>DSCP Marking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DSCP_Marking_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_Classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_Classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Traffic Classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_Classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Management_&_Control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management_&_Control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3.1</span> <span>Management & Control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management_&_Control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Priority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Priority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3.2</span> <span>High Priority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Priority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Normal_Priority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Normal_Priority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3.3</span> <span>Normal Priority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Normal_Priority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low_Priority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_Priority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3.4</span> <span>Low Priority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_Priority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puppet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puppet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Puppet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puppet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-More_Complex_Configurations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_Complex_Configurations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4.1</span> <span>More Complex Configurations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_Complex_Configurations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6.2</span> <span>Classifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DSCP_Classifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DSCP_Classifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6.2.1</span> <span>DSCP Classifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DSCP_Classifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interface_Classifier_Configuration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interface_Classifier_Configuration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6.2.2</span> <span>Interface Classifier Configuration</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_Service_(Network)&action=edit&oldid=2086915" title="Quality of Service (Network)">view source</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2023-06-20T19:33:01Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:CMooney_(WMF)" class="mw-userlink" title="User:CMooney (WMF)" data-mw-revid="2086915"><bdi>CMooney (WMF)</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:CMooney_(WMF)" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:CMooney (WMF)">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/CMooney_(WMF)" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/CMooney (WMF)">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,018</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#High_Priority">→<bdi dir="ltr">High Priority</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_Service_(Network)&diff=prev&oldid=2086915" title="Quality of Service (Network)" id="differences-prevlink">← Older edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_Service_(Network)&oldid=2086942" title="Quality of Service (Network)">Revision as of 20:51, 20 June 2023</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_Service_(Network)&action=edit&oldid=2086942" title="Quality of Service (Network)">view source</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2023-06-20T20:51:44Z"></span> </strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:CMooney_(WMF)" class="mw-userlink" title="User:CMooney (WMF)" data-mw-revid="2086942"><bdi>CMooney (WMF)</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:CMooney_(WMF)" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:CMooney (WMF)">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/CMooney_(WMF)" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/CMooney (WMF)">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,018</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Juniper_Config">→<bdi dir="ltr">Juniper Config</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_Service_(Network)&diff=next&oldid=2086942" title="Quality of Service (Network)" id="differences-nextlink">Newer edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 139:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 139:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>High bandwidth, bulk traffic, such as file transfers, backups, bulk data sync etc. is not suitable for being marked as 'high priority'. This traffic is indeed important, but it is too voluminous to place into the high priority queue should we run into congestion. It needs to be remembered that the goal is never to hit congestion, and thus for these rules not to matter outside exceptional circumstances. In those circumstances we want to "keep the lights on", prioritize our own control traffic and a small amount of high priority application flows, but inevitably things break when the network is congested and dropping packets (with or without QoS).</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>High bandwidth, bulk traffic, such as file transfers, backups, bulk data sync etc. is not suitable for being marked as 'high priority'. This traffic is indeed important, but it is too voluminous to place into the high priority queue should we run into congestion. It needs to be remembered that the goal is never to hit congestion, and thus for these rules not to matter outside exceptional circumstances. In those circumstances we want to "keep the lights on", prioritize our own control traffic and a small amount of high priority application flows, but inevitably things break when the network is congested and dropping packets (with or without QoS).</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Juniper <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Config</del> ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=== Juniper <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Class-of-Service</ins> ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>QoS is implement using the "class of service" configuration in JunOS (a slightly older industry term for the same thing). If and when other vendors are introduced a mechanism to integrate them will need to be found. The relatively simple design should help extend it to other vendors if they also support QoS functionality.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>BA Classifiers</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Firewall Policy for Transit Links</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The Juniper CoS framework, like most implementations, can be complex, involving multiple related configuration elements. Within that context we have, however, done as much as possible to keep the configuration simple and understandable.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Shaper for sub-rated transports</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The overall Juniper framework is outlined below.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>====Queues and Forwarding-Classes====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>At the base level the hardware places packets in memory (buffer) structures as they arrive into a system. These structures are dynamically partitioned into multiple numbered ''queues'', and packets are picked from these queues to be transmitted, or dropped, based on a ''scheduling'' configuration.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Juniper introduce an abstraction called "Forwarding Classes", and give us control over what packets get placed into what forwarding class through the use of ''classifiers''. In turn we define what forwarding classes map to what actual system queues. In theory this allows multiple forwarding classes to map to a single queue, however in our configuration we maintain a 1:1 mapping of forwarding class to queue. In other words 1 queue is used for all the traffic from a given forwarding class, and no queue has more than 1 forwarding class using it.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>We defined 4 forwarding classes in the Juniper configuration and map them to queues as follows:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{| class="wikitable" </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|+Forwarding Class to Queue Mapping</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Forwarding-Class</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Queue (MX Routers)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Queue (QFX/EX Switches)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|LOW_PRIO</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|0</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|0</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|NORMAL_PRIO</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|1</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|3</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|HIGH_PRIO</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|2</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|4</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|MGMT_CONTROL</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|3</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|7</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The queue numbers used for the classes differs per platform to keep the default system queue number in place. If user-defined forwarding classes are mapped to non default queue numbers, the device will create these in addition to the defaults, which remain. By using the default numbering we keep the total number of queues to 4, which ensures maximum compatibility across platforms.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>This also matches the Juniper default setup, in which two forwarding-classes, and two queues, are used:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>====Classifiers====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Packets arriving in to a device need to be mapped to a given forwarding class for transmission. This function is known as classification. In general JunOS provides 3 ways to do this:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{| class="wikitable" style=width:70em</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Method</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Description</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Default Classifier</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|A default classifier maps all incoming traffic on a given interface to a single forwarding class.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|DSCP Classifier</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|A DSCP classifier can be used to map packets to forwarding classes based on the value of the DSCP bits in each packet on arrival. This is used in the Wikimedia design on our "trusted" interfaces where we know the DSCP markings have already been set by our policy.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Firewall Filter</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|For the maximum flexibility the firewall filter / ACL functions on a device can be used to map traffic to forwarding classes. This can be used to map packets based on the typical criteria (src/dst networks, port numbers, protocol) in any ACL. JunOS also allows for the re-writing of DSCP bits in a firewall action. This is used in the Wikimedia design on our external, internet-facing interfaces.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=====DSCP Classifiers=====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>DSCP classifiers can be configured for either IPv4 or IPv6. Rather confusingly on some platforms both can be defined and applied to an interface, whereas on others you can only configure one or other type to an interface. Where it is not possible to add both an IPv4 and IPv6 classifier to an interface an IPv4 classifier should be used, and the rules it defines will be applied to both.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In either case we classify traffic into the same forwarding class based on the same DSCP bits regardless of the address family. We define a classifier of both kinds on all devices, however, as in some cases we need to configure both:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> <nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class HIGH_PRIO {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority low code-points 010010;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class LOW_PRIO {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority high code-points 100010;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class MGMT_CONTROL {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority low code-points 110000;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class NORMAL_PRIO {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority high code-points 000000;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class HIGH_PRIO {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority low code-points 010010;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class LOW_PRIO {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority high code-points 100010;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class MGMT_CONTROL {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority low code-points 110000;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class NORMAL_PRIO {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> loss-priority high code-points 000000;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=====Interface Classifier Configuration=====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>As discussed we need to apply one or both of these classifiers to interfaces in slightly different ways depending on the type of interface and platform. All are applied in the 'class-of-service interface {' context. The table below lists the way they need to be defined.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{| class="wikitable" style=width:70em</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Platform</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Interface Type</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Classifier Config</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>!Classifier location</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|QFX5100 and EX4300 Series Switches</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|L2 port facing server</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Only IPv4 DSCP classifier</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Unit 0 of L2 port</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|QFX5100 and EX4300 Series Switches</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Routed or Routed Sub-int Parent</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Only IPv4 DSCP classifier</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Physical int itself rather than any particular unit</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|QFX5120 Series Switches</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|L2 port facing server</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|IPv4 and IPv6 DSCP classifiers</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Unit 0 of L2 port</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|QFX5120 Series Switches</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Routed or Routed Sub-int Parent</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Only IPv4 DSCP classifier</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Physical int itself rather than any particular unit</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|MX Series Routers</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Routed L3 interface with no vlan encap / sub-interfaces</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|IPv4 and IPv6 DSCP classifiers</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Unit 0 of routed port</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|MX Series Routers</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Routed sub-interface</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|IPv4 and IPv6 DSCP classifiers</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Configured for every unit under the parent interface</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>On all platforms no classifier is applied to interfaces that are part of a LAG / ae bundle. The same rules as shown above apply for ae interfaces, and get applied to the ae interface itself which affects all member ports.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>====Schedulers====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A scheduler is a config definition which defines scheduling parameters to be applied to certain traffic on egress from the system. In our design we configure a single scheduler for each of our 4 defined forwarding-classes, using a simple 1:1 mapping. Each scheduler gets a "transmit-rate" configured, as well as a buffer-size (both defined as percentages). These schedulers ultimately implement the weighting described above under [[Quality_of_Service_(Network)#Scheduling_Bandwidth|Scheduling Bandwidth]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The default schedulers to be configured on all our Juniper devices are as shown, 4 are configured matching the 4 forwarding classes we use:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> <nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> schedulers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> SCHED_HIGH {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> transmit-rate percent 35;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> buffer-size percent 35;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> SCHED_LOW {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> transmit-rate percent 10;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> buffer-size percent 10;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> SCHED_MGMT {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> transmit-rate percent 5;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> buffer-size percent 5;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> SCHED_NORMAL {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> transmit-rate percent 50;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> buffer-size percent 50;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>It should be noted that these represent the minimum allocation for bandwidth and buffer space each forwarding class gets allocated under congestion. Any class can utilize up to 100% of the available bandwidth or buffer if there are no packets from other classes that also need it.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>====Scheduler Maps====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Each defined scheduler is an independent element which does nothing on its own. Scheduler-maps are used to bring everything together. A scheduler map references one or more forwarding-classes, and associates each with a previously defined scheduler. Scheduler maps are then associated with interfaces under the 'class-of-service' config to define the egress QoS behaviour for a particular port.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In the Wikimedia design only one scheduler map is defined, which is applied to all interfaces. Scheduler maps only relate to outbound traffic, so they get applied equally to trusted and untrusted interfaces. The default scheduler-map in the config is as follows:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> <nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>scheduler-maps {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> WMF-MAP {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class HIGH_PRIO scheduler SCHED_HIGH;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class LOW_PRIO scheduler SCHED_LOW;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class MGMT_CONTROL scheduler SCHED_MGMT;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> forwarding-class NORMAL_PRIO scheduler SCHED_NORMAL;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>====Outbound Shapers====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>As seen in the previous section our schedulers use percentages to define minimum bandwidth for forwarding classes. On a given interface JunOS will calculate those rates as a percentage of its line rate (i.e. 1/10/25/40/100G etc).</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>For the most part that is desirable, however occasionally we utilize sub-rated Ethernet services as transport links between our sites. In these cases, where the actual bandwidth available to us over a link is lower than the line rate, we need to configure an outbound shaper to controll the maximum rate. This is configured for an interface using the 'shaping-rate' command under the interface in the 'class-of-service' config.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>====Interface Config====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Bringing it all together below you can see the class-of-service configuration for various types of interface.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Routed L3 port on an MX router connecting a sub-rated transport circuit:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> <nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>class-of-service {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> interfaces {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> xe-0/1/0 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> scheduler-map WMF-MAP;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> shaping-rate 3920000k;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> unit 0 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Routed ae port on an MX router facing L2 switch stack:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> <nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>class-of-service {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> interfaces {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> ae1 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> scheduler-map WMF-MAP;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> unit 401 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> unit 510 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> unit 520 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> unit 530 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>L2 port connecting to a server on a QFX5100 or EX switch:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> <nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>class-of-service {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> interfaces {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> ge-1/0/0 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> scheduler-map WMF-MAP;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> unit 0 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>L2 port connecting to a server on a QFX5120 switch:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> <nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>class-of-service {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> interfaces {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> ge-0/0/40 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> scheduler-map WMF-MAP;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> unit 0 {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> classifiers {</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp V4-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> }</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></nowiki></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>There are other variants as described in the table previously but the above should give a taste of the configuration.</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 20:51, 20 June 2023</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Network_QoS" data-mw-thread-id="h-Network_QoS"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Network_QoS"></span>Network QoS<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Network_QoS"></span></h1></div> <p>Quality of Service is a term in networking which refers to a number of techniques that can be used to profile and, in some circumstances, prioritize particular traffic flows over others. </p><p>As communications systems moved to packet-switching, and ultimately all-IP networks carrying multiple types of traffic, that at once stage would have each had their own dedicated physical components (i.e. voice, video, storage, control), it has become and important consideration for network operators. </p><p>QoS functions in network devices define how packets should be queued in internal buffer structures, and scheduled for transmission on the wire. It is important to note that for the most part QoS rules do nothing. They only get used when a device or link is under strain, and lacks sufficient bandwidth for all the data that wants to use it. A good way to think about QoS configuration is telling routers "what traffic to drop" when it *has* to drop something. Viewed in this way it's clear that the better solution is to build and operate networks that don't drop any packets. The simpler (and usually cheaper) option to deal with congestion is to provision more bandwidth. </p><p>Configuring QoS still makes sense, however, to deal with exceptional circumstances that might arise from time to time. That could be due to irregular traffic flows (sudden changes in application behavior, fault scenarios that reduce capacity, or potentially even denial-of-service attacks). In such scenarios where packet loss cannot be avoided, it helps if the network can make intelligent decisions about what traffic is least important. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="QoS_in_Wikimedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-QoS_in_Wikimedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-QoS_in_Wikimedia"></span>QoS in Wikimedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-QoS_in_Wikimedia"></span></h1></div> <p>Traditionally, WMF network devices have no specific QoS configuration applied. All traffic is considered "best effort", and during congestion all traffic flows are equally liable to suffer from drops. By and large this has worked well (TCP and other higher layer protocols help to balance flows). One element that has helped is the relatively low speed that servers are connected at (typically 1G), which acts as a natural limit to how much traffic a single (greedy/malfunctioning) server can send. As we are now connecting more servers at 10G and even 25G, there is increased potential for a handful of servers to generate traffic flows that swamp the core network. </p><p>As discussed, the best way to accommodate such flows is to make sure we have sufficient bandwidth throughout the network. But there is something of a chicken-and-egg element here. It doesn't make sense to deploy a lot of additional bandwidth <i>in case</i> applications come along that require it. Likewise it represents a risk to deploy a lot of high-bandwidth servers, with potential to generate a lot of traffic, knowing that there are bottlenecks and high contention in certain areas of the network. </p><p>To address this gap SRE is rolling our QoS configuration to our network devices. The goal is to allow us to connect servers at higher speeds, supporting continued growth and consolidation of compute and storage, while remaining confident that mission-critical services won't be starved of bandwidth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="QoS_Classes" data-mw-thread-id="h-QoS_Classes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-QoS_Classes"></span>QoS Classes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-QoS_Classes"></span></h1></div> <p>The first requirement when implementing a QoS framework is deciding how many traffic classes should be created. Obviously the more classes one has the more finely-grained policies about what to do can be, however it comes at the cost of complexity. Netops are of the opinion that a relatively simple approach, with just a few classes, is the best option. </p><p>As such the following classes will be defined on network devices: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Class name</th> <th>DSCP Marking</th> <th>Scheduling BW%</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Management & Control</td> <td>CS6 (48)</td> <td>5%</td> <td>Network control traffic (i.e. routing protocols), and management (SSH, SNMP etc) </td></tr> <tr> <td>High</td> <td>AF21 (18)</td> <td>35%</td> <td>High priority traffic </td></tr> <tr> <td>Normal</td> <td>DE (0)</td> <td>50%</td> <td>Default priority - same as existing single class </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low</td> <td>AF41 (34)</td> <td>10%</td> <td>Low priority traffic </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Code-points AF11 is reserved for possible future use if a 'higher than high' traffic priority is deemed necessary.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Scheduling_Bandwidth" data-mw-thread-id="h-Scheduling_Bandwidth-QoS_Classes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Scheduling_Bandwidth-QoS_Classes"></span>Scheduling Bandwidth<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Scheduling_Bandwidth-QoS_Classes"></span></h2></div> <p>The "scheduling bandwidth" represents the minimum percentage of available link bandwidth that will be dedicated to that class when a link is under saturation. In our setup the "high priority" queue will get 35% of available bandwidth in such a scenario, despite the fact that only a small minority of all application flows will be mapped to it. The majority of our traffic will remain classified as "normal", and contend for the 50% of bandwidth available to it. Finally the "low" priority class gets the remaining 10%, to keep some data flowing within it, but it will suffer most due to the congestion. </p><p>All classes will be served by a weighted round-robin scheduler based on their defined scheduling bandwidth. No "expedited" (priority/strict) class is defined, meaning no queue will be configured such that it will be served immediately if any packets arrive on it. Such priority queuing is commonly used for real-time voice and video applications, where absolutely lowest latency and jitter (std. deviation) is required. While we may have high-priority flows, they are data flows and not real-time communications, so standard, non-expedited queuing is preferable. </p><p>It is also worth noting that the percentages simply reflect the scheduling priority. When links are not saturated, any class, including 'low', can use 100% of the available bandwidth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="DSCP_Marking" data-mw-thread-id="h-DSCP_Marking-QoS_Classes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-DSCP_Marking-QoS_Classes"></span>DSCP Marking<span data-mw-comment-end="h-DSCP_Marking-QoS_Classes"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trusted_vs_Untrusted_Interfaces" data-mw-thread-id="h-Trusted_vs_Untrusted_Interfaces-DSCP_Marking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Trusted_vs_Untrusted_Interfaces-DSCP_Marking"></span>Trusted vs Untrusted Interfaces<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Trusted_vs_Untrusted_Interfaces-DSCP_Marking"></span></h3></div> <p>Any QoS design is a network-wide undertaking. A key concept involved is the idea of "trusted" and "untrusted" interfaces. </p><p>The basic idea here is that where traffic arrives in from an external source you can't "trust" the TOS/<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2474">DSCP</a> marking in the IP header. On these interfaces you need to: </p> <ul><li>Map traffic to forwarding classes based on some criteria other than the DSCP bits in the header.</li> <li>Write the DSCP bits in the header to those you are using elsewhere on the network to represent that traffic class.</li></ul> <p>In the Wikimedia setup external internet-facing interfaces are clearly "untrusted" based on that. Server-facing interfaces on our switches are on the other hand considered "trusted" as we are going to control and set DSCP bits egress from our servers using netfilter. Extending the metaphor slightly we don't "trust" any DSCP bits third-party software might set "out of the box" on our servers. Unless we explicitly set the DSCP in a given packet to one of our defined codepoints we therefore need to mark packets leaving our servers as BE/CS0, to map it into the 'normal priority' forwarding class on the network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DSCP_Marking_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-DSCP_Marking_2-DSCP_Marking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-DSCP_Marking_2-DSCP_Marking"></span>DSCP Marking<span data-mw-comment-end="h-DSCP_Marking_2-DSCP_Marking"></span></h3></div> <p>The plan in Wikimedia is to set DSCP values on end servers, leveraging our existing iptables (Ferm) / nftables configuration frameworks. The network devices will be configured to trust the incoming values set on servers, and queue packets accordingly. Puppet will be used to drive the end-host configuration for packet marking. </p><p>Various schemes have been proposed for the use of the TOS/DSCP fields over the years, but ultimately there is no universal standard and these markings are generally ignored or rewritten across the internet. This means they only have significance internally for any organization, and merely serve to identify traffic classes based on local policy. As such any markings work as good as any other, as long as all devices are configured the same. Adherence to any particular scheme is not required. For the most part the code points defined in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2597.html">RFC2597</a> are used here, but the categories they represent are those we define internally, and don't necessarily correspond to how they are defined in the RFC or by any specific network vendors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_Classes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Traffic_Classes-DSCP_Marking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Traffic_Classes-DSCP_Marking"></span>Traffic Classes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Traffic_Classes-DSCP_Marking"></span></h3></div> <p>As shown in the table 4 classes of traffic are defined, which are detailed further below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Management_&_Control" data-mw-thread-id="h-Management_&_Control-Traffic_Classes"><span id="Management_.26_Control"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Management_&_Control-Traffic_Classes"></span>Management & Control<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Management_&_Control-Traffic_Classes"></span></h5></div> <p>This class is used for management and control plane traffic. It is vital, in the presence of congestion, that such traffic is prioritized to ensure that devices remain reachable via SSH, monitoring continues to work, and router to router control plane (i.e. OSPF, BGP etc.) traffic is served. This ensures that engineers and other systems can continue to work in such a situation, allowing the root cause to be identified and addressed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="High_Priority" data-mw-thread-id="h-High_Priority-Traffic_Classes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-High_Priority-Traffic_Classes"></span>High Priority<span data-mw-comment-end="h-High_Priority-Traffic_Classes"></span></h5></div> <p>This class will be used for high-priority application flows as required. It has less scheduling bandwidth than the 'normal' class, but much fewer traffic flows are expected to be mapped into it, giving them a relatively higher weighting. Exactly what traffic should be mapped into it needs to be carefully considered, and discussed with the SRE teams responsible for the relevant applications. Typically only low-throughput, sensitive traffic flows should be mapped to this class. High-throughput bulk data transfers should not be mapped to this class. </p><p>While it might look attractive for any given flow to be declared 'high priority', it is easy to negate the usefulness of the category if too much many things are mapped to it (i.e. if everything is important, nothing is). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Normal_Priority" data-mw-thread-id="h-Normal_Priority-Traffic_Classes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Normal_Priority-Traffic_Classes"></span>Normal Priority<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Normal_Priority-Traffic_Classes"></span></h5></div> <p>This is the standard class into which all normal application flows are mapped. It can be thought of as the equivalent of our existing, single traffic class across the network. With the possible exception of some management/control traffic, the base server configuration will map all traffic into this class. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Low_Priority" data-mw-thread-id="h-Low_Priority-Traffic_Classes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Low_Priority-Traffic_Classes"></span>Low Priority<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Low_Priority-Traffic_Classes"></span></h5></div> <p>This is a "lower than normal" class that can be used to map flows that we know are not high priority. Similar to the 'high priority' class we need to carefully consider what should be mapped into it. Unlike the 'high priority' class there is no real danger (on the network side), of marking too much traffic as low priority. So we can be a little more trusting of packets marked like this. </p><p>Teams are as unlikely to declare their applications are low priority as it is likely for them to say they are high priority. But it may serve an important function. As an example if it were possible we might mark bulk traffic responses, to say cloud providers who are scraping the wiki's, into this class. But leave regular (human) user traffic in the 'normal' class. How exactly we can leverage it remains to be seen but it is likely to prove useful, and requires less gatekeeping than requests to utilize the "high" priority class. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puppet" data-mw-thread-id="h-Puppet-DSCP_Marking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Puppet-DSCP_Marking"></span>Puppet<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Puppet-DSCP_Marking"></span></h3></div> <p>To enable us to place traffic into classes some elements have been added to puppet to allow definition of traffic flows that should be marked as high or low priority. By default the puppet firewall module will be modified to mark all traffic, without a specific rule elsewhere marking it up/down, as normal priority. A new puppet resource, ferm::qos, has been defined and made available to teams to set the priority for both servers (machines listening for connections from other devices) and clients (machines that connect out). Both of these typically need a rule defined to ensure that both sides of a connection are mapped into the same class. </p><p>Say we had a service running on TCP port 123 that we wanted to place into the 'low priority' category. We'd add a definition like this for the server side, typically in the same place we allow the traffic in already: </p> <pre> ferm::qos { 'rule to prioritise service X' direction => 'in', port => '123', protocol => 'tcp', qos => 'low, } </pre> <p>And for hosts on the client side that connect to this we'd add a similar rule in the 'out' direction: </p> <pre> ferm::qos { 'rule to prioritise service X' direction => 'out', port => '123', protocol => 'tcp', qos => 'low, } </pre> <p>It is generally advised SRE teams touch base with netops when they wish to add such rules, so that we are aware of plans and can also offer advice on how best to approach for a given set of expected traffic flows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="More_Complex_Configurations" data-mw-thread-id="h-More_Complex_Configurations-Puppet"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-More_Complex_Configurations-Puppet"></span>More Complex Configurations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-More_Complex_Configurations-Puppet"></span></h4></div> <p>In some cases the above simple model won't be sufficient to classify a particular type of traffic. For instance if we need to match on more criteria than just the UDP/TCP ports of a service. In these cases we can use the existing, generic, `ferm::rule` syntax, which allows for a good deal of flexibility: </p> <pre> ferm::rule { 'dscp-icmp-mon': table => 'mangle', chain => 'OUTPUT', rule => "proto tcp DSCP icmp type echo-reply daddr (${monitoring_hosts_str}) DSCP set-dscp-class CS6; RETURN;", } </pre> <pre> ferm::rule { 'dscp-icmp-mon': table => 'mangle', chain => 'OUTPUT', rule => "proto tcp sport 123 mod dscp dscp-class CS6 DSCP set-dscp-class AF41; RETURN;", } </pre> <p>Again netops are available to work with teams on creating the most appropriate rules for a given service. </p><p>Because rules are defined in puppet alongside the services they apply to, if we remove those services rules should also be automatically removed from the hosts that ran them. So the approach should be relatively clean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guidelines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Guidelines-DSCP_Marking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Guidelines-DSCP_Marking"></span>Guidelines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Guidelines-DSCP_Marking"></span></h3></div> <p>In general the 'high' priority class should be used for low-bandwidth, latency sensitive, important traffic. So for instance keepalive traffic, or traffic that is essential to monitoring the status of a cluster of nodes. </p><p>High bandwidth, bulk traffic, such as file transfers, backups, bulk data sync etc. is not suitable for being marked as 'high priority'. This traffic is indeed important, but it is too voluminous to place into the high priority queue should we run into congestion. It needs to be remembered that the goal is never to hit congestion, and thus for these rules not to matter outside exceptional circumstances. In those circumstances we want to "keep the lights on", prioritize our own control traffic and a small amount of high priority application flows, but inevitably things break when the network is congested and dropping packets (with or without QoS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juniper_Class-of-Service" data-mw-thread-id="h-Juniper_Class-of-Service-DSCP_Marking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Juniper_Class-of-Service-DSCP_Marking"></span>Juniper Class-of-Service<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Juniper_Class-of-Service-DSCP_Marking"></span></h3></div> <p>QoS is implement using the "class of service" configuration in JunOS (a slightly older industry term for the same thing). If and when other vendors are introduced a mechanism to integrate them will need to be found. The relatively simple design should help extend it to other vendors if they also support QoS functionality. </p><p>The Juniper CoS framework, like most implementations, can be complex, involving multiple related configuration elements. Within that context we have, however, done as much as possible to keep the configuration simple and understandable. </p><p>The overall Juniper framework is outlined below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Queues_and_Forwarding-Classes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Queues_and_Forwarding-Classes-Juniper_Class-of-Service"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Queues_and_Forwarding-Classes-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span>Queues and Forwarding-Classes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Queues_and_Forwarding-Classes-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span></h4></div> <p>At the base level the hardware places packets in memory (buffer) structures as they arrive into a system. These structures are dynamically partitioned into multiple numbered <i>queues</i>, and packets are picked from these queues to be transmitted, or dropped, based on a <i>scheduling</i> configuration. </p><p>Juniper introduce an abstraction called "Forwarding Classes", and give us control over what packets get placed into what forwarding class through the use of <i>classifiers</i>. In turn we define what forwarding classes map to what actual system queues. In theory this allows multiple forwarding classes to map to a single queue, however in our configuration we maintain a 1:1 mapping of forwarding class to queue. In other words 1 queue is used for all the traffic from a given forwarding class, and no queue has more than 1 forwarding class using it. </p><p>We defined 4 forwarding classes in the Juniper configuration and map them to queues as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Forwarding Class to Queue Mapping </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Forwarding-Class </th> <th>Queue (MX Routers) </th> <th>Queue (QFX/EX Switches) </th></tr> <tr> <td>LOW_PRIO </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NORMAL_PRIO </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HIGH_PRIO </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MGMT_CONTROL </td> <td>3 </td> <td>7 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The queue numbers used for the classes differs per platform to keep the default system queue number in place. If user-defined forwarding classes are mapped to non default queue numbers, the device will create these in addition to the defaults, which remain. By using the default numbering we keep the total number of queues to 4, which ensures maximum compatibility across platforms. </p><p>This also matches the Juniper default setup, in which two forwarding-classes, and two queues, are used: </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classifiers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Classifiers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Classifiers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span>Classifiers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Classifiers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span></h4></div> <p>Packets arriving in to a device need to be mapped to a given forwarding class for transmission. This function is known as classification. In general JunOS provides 3 ways to do this: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70em"> <tbody><tr> <th>Method </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Default Classifier </td> <td>A default classifier maps all incoming traffic on a given interface to a single forwarding class. </td></tr> <tr> <td>DSCP Classifier </td> <td>A DSCP classifier can be used to map packets to forwarding classes based on the value of the DSCP bits in each packet on arrival. This is used in the Wikimedia design on our "trusted" interfaces where we know the DSCP markings have already been set by our policy. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Firewall Filter </td> <td>For the maximum flexibility the firewall filter / ACL functions on a device can be used to map traffic to forwarding classes. This can be used to map packets based on the typical criteria (src/dst networks, port numbers, protocol) in any ACL. JunOS also allows for the re-writing of DSCP bits in a firewall action. This is used in the Wikimedia design on our external, internet-facing interfaces. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="DSCP_Classifiers" data-mw-thread-id="h-DSCP_Classifiers-Classifiers"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-DSCP_Classifiers-Classifiers"></span>DSCP Classifiers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-DSCP_Classifiers-Classifiers"></span></h5></div> <p>DSCP classifiers can be configured for either IPv4 or IPv6. Rather confusingly on some platforms both can be defined and applied to an interface, whereas on others you can only configure one or other type to an interface. Where it is not possible to add both an IPv4 and IPv6 classifier to an interface an IPv4 classifier should be used, and the rules it defines will be applied to both. </p><p>In either case we classify traffic into the same forwarding class based on the same DSCP bits regardless of the address family. We define a classifier of both kinds on all devices, however, as in some cases we need to configure both: </p> <pre>classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER { forwarding-class HIGH_PRIO { loss-priority low code-points 010010; } forwarding-class LOW_PRIO { loss-priority high code-points 100010; } forwarding-class MGMT_CONTROL { loss-priority low code-points 110000; } forwarding-class NORMAL_PRIO { loss-priority high code-points 000000; } } dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER { forwarding-class HIGH_PRIO { loss-priority low code-points 010010; } forwarding-class LOW_PRIO { loss-priority high code-points 100010; } forwarding-class MGMT_CONTROL { loss-priority low code-points 110000; } forwarding-class NORMAL_PRIO { loss-priority high code-points 000000; } } } </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Interface_Classifier_Configuration" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interface_Classifier_Configuration-Classifiers"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interface_Classifier_Configuration-Classifiers"></span>Interface Classifier Configuration<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interface_Classifier_Configuration-Classifiers"></span></h5></div> <p>As discussed we need to apply one or both of these classifiers to interfaces in slightly different ways depending on the type of interface and platform. All are applied in the 'class-of-service interface {' context. The table below lists the way they need to be defined. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70em"> <tbody><tr> <th>Platform </th> <th>Interface Type </th> <th>Classifier Config </th> <th>Classifier location </th></tr> <tr> <td>QFX5100 and EX4300 Series Switches </td> <td>L2 port facing server </td> <td>Only IPv4 DSCP classifier </td> <td>Unit 0 of L2 port </td></tr> <tr> <td>QFX5100 and EX4300 Series Switches </td> <td>Routed or Routed Sub-int Parent </td> <td>Only IPv4 DSCP classifier </td> <td>Physical int itself rather than any particular unit </td></tr> <tr> <td>QFX5120 Series Switches </td> <td>L2 port facing server </td> <td>IPv4 and IPv6 DSCP classifiers </td> <td>Unit 0 of L2 port </td></tr> <tr> <td>QFX5120 Series Switches </td> <td>Routed or Routed Sub-int Parent </td> <td>Only IPv4 DSCP classifier </td> <td>Physical int itself rather than any particular unit </td></tr> <tr> <td>MX Series Routers </td> <td>Routed L3 interface with no vlan encap / sub-interfaces </td> <td>IPv4 and IPv6 DSCP classifiers </td> <td>Unit 0 of routed port </td></tr> <tr> <td>MX Series Routers </td> <td>Routed sub-interface </td> <td>IPv4 and IPv6 DSCP classifiers </td> <td>Configured for every unit under the parent interface </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On all platforms no classifier is applied to interfaces that are part of a LAG / ae bundle. The same rules as shown above apply for ae interfaces, and get applied to the ae interface itself which affects all member ports. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schedulers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Schedulers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Schedulers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span>Schedulers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Schedulers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span></h4></div> <p>A scheduler is a config definition which defines scheduling parameters to be applied to certain traffic on egress from the system. In our design we configure a single scheduler for each of our 4 defined forwarding-classes, using a simple 1:1 mapping. Each scheduler gets a "transmit-rate" configured, as well as a buffer-size (both defined as percentages). These schedulers ultimately implement the weighting described above under <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Scheduling_Bandwidth">Scheduling Bandwidth</a>. </p><p>The default schedulers to be configured on all our Juniper devices are as shown, 4 are configured matching the 4 forwarding classes we use: </p> <pre> schedulers { SCHED_HIGH { transmit-rate percent 35; buffer-size percent 35; } SCHED_LOW { transmit-rate percent 10; buffer-size percent 10; } SCHED_MGMT { transmit-rate percent 5; buffer-size percent 5; } SCHED_NORMAL { transmit-rate percent 50; buffer-size percent 50; } } </pre> <p>It should be noted that these represent the minimum allocation for bandwidth and buffer space each forwarding class gets allocated under congestion. Any class can utilize up to 100% of the available bandwidth or buffer if there are no packets from other classes that also need it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scheduler_Maps" data-mw-thread-id="h-Scheduler_Maps-Juniper_Class-of-Service"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Scheduler_Maps-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span>Scheduler Maps<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Scheduler_Maps-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span></h4></div> <p>Each defined scheduler is an independent element which does nothing on its own. Scheduler-maps are used to bring everything together. A scheduler map references one or more forwarding-classes, and associates each with a previously defined scheduler. Scheduler maps are then associated with interfaces under the 'class-of-service' config to define the egress QoS behaviour for a particular port. </p><p>In the Wikimedia design only one scheduler map is defined, which is applied to all interfaces. Scheduler maps only relate to outbound traffic, so they get applied equally to trusted and untrusted interfaces. The default scheduler-map in the config is as follows: </p> <pre>scheduler-maps { WMF-MAP { forwarding-class HIGH_PRIO scheduler SCHED_HIGH; forwarding-class LOW_PRIO scheduler SCHED_LOW; forwarding-class MGMT_CONTROL scheduler SCHED_MGMT; forwarding-class NORMAL_PRIO scheduler SCHED_NORMAL; } } </pre> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outbound_Shapers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Outbound_Shapers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Outbound_Shapers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span>Outbound Shapers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Outbound_Shapers-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span></h4></div> <p>As seen in the previous section our schedulers use percentages to define minimum bandwidth for forwarding classes. On a given interface JunOS will calculate those rates as a percentage of its line rate (i.e. 1/10/25/40/100G etc). </p><p>For the most part that is desirable, however occasionally we utilize sub-rated Ethernet services as transport links between our sites. In these cases, where the actual bandwidth available to us over a link is lower than the line rate, we need to configure an outbound shaper to controll the maximum rate. This is configured for an interface using the 'shaping-rate' command under the interface in the 'class-of-service' config. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interface_Config" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interface_Config-Juniper_Class-of-Service"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interface_Config-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span>Interface Config<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interface_Config-Juniper_Class-of-Service"></span></h4></div> <p>Bringing it all together below you can see the class-of-service configuration for various types of interface. </p><p>Routed L3 port on an MX router connecting a sub-rated transport circuit: </p> <pre>class-of-service { interfaces { xe-0/1/0 { scheduler-map WMF-MAP; shaping-rate 3920000k; unit 0 { classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER; dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER; } } } } } </pre> <p>Routed ae port on an MX router facing L2 switch stack: </p> <pre>class-of-service { interfaces { ae1 { scheduler-map WMF-MAP; unit 401 { classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER; dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER; } } unit 510 { classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER; dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER; } } unit 520 { classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER; dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER; } } unit 530 { classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER; dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER; } } } } } </pre> <p>L2 port connecting to a server on a QFX5100 or EX switch: </p> <pre>class-of-service { interfaces { ge-1/0/0 { scheduler-map WMF-MAP; unit 0 { classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER; } } } } } </pre> <p>L2 port connecting to a server on a QFX5120 switch: </p> <pre>class-of-service { interfaces { ge-0/0/40 { scheduler-map WMF-MAP; unit 0 { classifiers { dscp V4-CLASSIFIER; dscp-ipv6 V6-CLASSIFIER; } } } } } </pre> <p>There are other variants as described in the table previously but the above should give a taste of the configuration. </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_Service_(Network)&oldid=2086942">https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_Service_(Network)&oldid=2086942</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 June 2023, at 20:51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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