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<span>Criticisms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticisms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Ghetto"_assertion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ghetto"_assertion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>"Ghetto" assertion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ghetto"_assertion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Downplayed_religious_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downplayed_religious_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Downplayed religious content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downplayed_religious_content-sublist" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Companies and individuals that create and sell Christian music</div> <p> The <b>Christian music industry</b> is one aspect of the broader <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a>, with a focus on <a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian music</a> and subgenres such as <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_gospel" title="Southern gospel">southern gospel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">contemporary worship music</a>, and even traditional <a href="/wiki/Church_music" title="Church music">church music</a>. It is sometimes called the <b>gospel music industry</b>, a narrower term that does not encompass all the musical genres included here. </p><p>Like its broader category, the <b>Christian music industry</b> consists of individuals and organizations that earn money through <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">writing</a> <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">songs</a>, producing <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">recorded music</a>, presenting <a href="/wiki/Live_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Live music">concerts</a>, and performances on <a href="/wiki/Christian_radio" title="Christian radio">Christian radio</a>. The Christian market also includes some unique aspects, such as <a href="/wiki/Hymnal" title="Hymnal">hymnal</a> production and <a href="/wiki/Church_music" title="Church music">church music</a> licensed for congregational singing. </p><p>From its roots in the 1920s, the developing Christian music industry exhibited unique tensions between religious, musical, and commercial goals.<sup id="cite_ref-Mungons_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mungons-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it was subject to the same economic and market forces as the entire music industry, the Christian subgenre was also subject to different aesthetic and social boundaries. This was often expressed as a tension between “secular” and “sacred” ideals. Recent scholarship explores why Christian music remained marginal to the general market, was largely critiqued by mainstream media, and was often criticized for being derivative.<sup id="cite_ref-Mall_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mall-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The contemporary Christian music industry has roots in the late 1960s and early 1970s <a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Jesus_music" title="Jesus music">Jesus music</a> artists. The <i>Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music</i> points out three reasons that the Christian music industry developed as a parallel structure to the general music industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_intro-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First, the Jesus movement produced a large number of bands in a very short period, which the general market was unable and/or unwilling to absorb.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_intro-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was in part due to a lack of appreciation for the ideology expressed by such artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_intro-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Jesus music artists tended toward mistrust of secular corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_intro-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another critic, the industry in this period was defined by four characteristics: lack of audience acceptance for styles, inferior production, inefficient distribution, and lack of wide radio exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-RPCinA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPCinA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petra_(band)" title="Petra (band)">Petra</a>, for instance, struggled to find an audience for their hard rock sound, partially due to limited distribution to Christian bookstores.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even so, the 1970s saw established corporations become involved in the Christian music market. <a href="/wiki/Word_Records" title="Word Records">Word Records</a>, founded in 1951, was bought in 1976 by <a href="/wiki/ABC_Records" title="ABC Records">ABC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mount_Web_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mount_Web-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other music industry giants also got involved, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">CBS</a> started a short-lived Christian label, Priority Records, and <a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA</a> also fielded a label, Songbird Records, for a time. </p><p>While the Jesus movement had ended by the 1980s, the Christian music industry was maturing and transforming into a multimillion-dollar enterprise. The early 1980s saw an increase Christian booksellers taking product, and an increase in sales followed, despite <a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Reagan_administration#"Reaganomics"_and_the_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic policy of the Reagan administration">the recession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a percentage of gross sales, Christian music rose from 9% in 1976 to 23% in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By <a href="/wiki/Age_to_Age" title="Age to Age">her 1982 release</a> <a href="/wiki/Amy_Grant" title="Amy Grant">Amy Grant</a> had saturated the Christian marketplace and made significant inroads into the general market.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sandi_Patti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandi Patti">Sandi Patti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Smith" title="Michael W. Smith">Michael W. Smith</a> also gained influence within Christian music, each playing significant roles in the development of the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harder forms of Christian music, such as <a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">heavy metal</a>, also began to gain acceptance. This is largely credited to <a href="/wiki/Stryper" title="Stryper">Stryper</a>, who had begun making inroads into the general market by 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Hale_93_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hale_93-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, rock and <a href="/wiki/Christian_alternative_rock" title="Christian alternative rock">alternative</a> acts faced a longer battle for acceptance than <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary</a> acts, as the form was opposed by prominent religious leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Swaggart" title="Jimmy Swaggart">Jimmy Swaggart</a> and others on the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCM_28_5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCM_28_5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DTT_CROCK_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DTT_CROCK-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in 1981 total gospel music industry revenues were approximately $180 million, only ten years later they would total $680 million, according to <i>CCM Magazine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCM_14_6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCM_14_6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; text-align:center;"> <caption>RIAA sales, 1995–2000 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>% </th> <th>$ </th> <th class="unsortable">Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td>381 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19971222_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19971222-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>538 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19971222_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19971222-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>549 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19990329_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19990329-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>836 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19990329_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19990329-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td>744 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_20010319_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_20010319-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>4.8 </td> <td>688 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_20010319_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_20010319-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="4" style="font-size:80%; text-align:left; margin:0; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="float:top; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>Percentage figures out of<br /> total music market.</li> <li>Dollar figures in millions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">RIAA</a> figures often differ<br />from those reported<br />by <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_SoundScan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen SoundScan">Nielsen SoundScan</a>.</li> <li>These figures represent<br />only revenue from album sales,<br />and exclude other sources.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to RIAA data, market share for sales of Christian music albums more than doubled between 1993 and 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19970317_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19970317-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s the Christian music industry became the fastest growing segment of the music industry.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19970317_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19970317-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due to several factors, including consolidation of record labels, and independent Christian bookstores into chains.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Christian music industry began adopting SoundScan in 1995, although implementation was spotty even into the millennium. Even so, the adoption caused the visibility of Christian artists to increase significantly, and brought credibility to the industry as Christian albums became integrated into all <a href="/wiki/Billboard_charts" title="Billboard charts"><i>Billboard</i> charts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19990712_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19990712-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_1995_Review_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_1995_Review-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, 90% of Christian music sales originated at Christian bookstores. By 1995, that number had dropped to 64%, with general retailers taking 21%, and the remainder accountable through other methods, such as direct mail.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that same time, the industry was estimated to gross $750 million, with $381 million in album sales.<sup id="cite_ref-Econ_1995-08-19_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Econ_1995-08-19-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1990s, general market retailers, especially big box stores such as <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Blockbuster Inc.">Blockbuster</a> began carrying a wider selection of Christian music products.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19980126_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19980126-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2000 those stores had surpassed Christian retail in terms of the number of Christian albums sold, according to <a href="/wiki/Soundscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soundscan">Soundscan</a> numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_20020107_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_20020107-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_20011119_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_20011119-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phenomenon was partially responsible for crossover successes. <a href="/wiki/P.O.D." title="P.O.D.">P.O.D.</a>, for example, sold 1.4 million albums in 2001, although sales at Christian retail outlets accounted for only 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_20020107_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_20020107-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new millennium has brought <a href="/wiki/2000s_in_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="2000s in music industry">challenges for the record industry</a> as a whole, and these have affected the Christian music industry as well.<sup id="cite_ref-CYTY_09_Recession_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYTY_09_Recession-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">Contemporary worship music</a>, a long time staple of the industry, began to gain significant <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a> in about the year 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-CR_46_8_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CR_46_8-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBAJ_32_7_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBAJ_32_7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By focusing on marketing worship music to youth culture, this genre became a growth driver despite the downturn in the general music industry.<sup id="cite_ref-BB_111_18_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_111_18-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BB_118_13_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_118_13-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BB_115_07_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_115_07-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_20000529_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_20000529-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"The money is just drying up.<br />And it's not being replaced." </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">John W. Styll, president, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Association" title="Gospel Music Association">Gospel Music Association</a> and longtime <i><a href="/wiki/CCM_Magazine" title="CCM Magazine">CCM</a></i> publisher<sup id="cite_ref-CYTY_09_Recession_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYTY_09_Recession-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Growth continued until about 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-BB_118_13_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_118_13-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has generally followed the trends of the larger music industry since that point. In 2009 a <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> placed the entire music industry on a "deathwatch,"<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pointing out that new forms of media, piracy, and new pricing options are driving gross sales down. In another example of parallelism, the Christian music industry has experienced largely the same phenomenon. In the Christian marketplace, music consumption has risen by as much as 30% since 2005, but overall album sales have dropped to about half of their 1999 levels.<sup id="cite_ref-CYTY_09_Recession_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYTY_09_Recession-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some critics point out that the current downturn may have long term positive effects for the industry. <a href="/wiki/John_J._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John J. Thompson">John J. Thompson</a> told <i><a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a></i> that "The lack of monetary benefit has filtered out some of the people who should not have been doing this in the first place. If the people who are in it for the money are gone, it leaves more turf for those who had something a little bit loftier in mind."<sup id="cite_ref-CYTY_09_Recession_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYTY_09_Recession-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ghetto"_assertion"><span id=".22Ghetto.22_assertion"></span>"Ghetto" assertion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Ghetto" assertion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian music is sometimes cited as a "ghetto,"<sup id="cite_ref-RPCinA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPCinA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JMIA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMIA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AoR1999_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AoR1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that the majority of artists in the industry are pigeonholed to operate solely in it. These artists are isolated from the mainstream public, to <a href="/wiki/Christian_media" title="Christian media">Christian media</a>, including radio, magazines, and book stores. For many this is a conscious choice, however others, not content to stay in an isolated industry segment, attempt to "cross over" and gain acceptance in the general market. For many artists, being called Christian becomes a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stigma" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:stigma">stigma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hendershot2002_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hendershot2002-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#AAF"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Name recognition in Christian music</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Artist</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Familiarity</td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Grant" title="Amy Grant">Amy Grant</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:70%;padding:0;margin:0;background:green;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>70%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:67%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:red;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>67%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/BeBe_Winans" title="BeBe Winans">BeBe</a> and <a href="/wiki/CeCe_Winans" title="CeCe Winans">CeCe Winans</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:43%;padding:0;margin:0;background:green;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>43%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:13%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:red;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>13%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Sandi_Patty" title="Sandi Patty">Sandi Patty</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:42%;padding:0;margin:0;background:green;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>42%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:13%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:red;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>13%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Carman_(singer)" title="Carman (singer)">Carman</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:33%;padding:0;margin:0;background:green;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>33%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:9%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:red;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>9%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Smith" title="Michael W. Smith">Michael W. Smith</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:30%;padding:0;margin:0;background:green;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>30%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:10%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:red;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>10%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Dc_Talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dc Talk">dc Talk</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:26%;padding:0;margin:0;background:green;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>26%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:11%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:red;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>11%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Curtis_Chapman" title="Steven Curtis Chapman">Steven Curtis Chapman</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:26%;padding:0;margin:0;background:green;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>26%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small></small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:6%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:red;color:green;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>6%</small></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">A 1997 survey looked at familiarity with "well-known" Christian artists. Self-identified Christian music listeners in are shown in green, and the general public in red.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19970526_s_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19970526_s-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>A 1997 study revealed that a self-identified audience of "Christian music listeners" had what was considered a lacking recognition of Christian artists.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19970526_s_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19970526_s-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The survey was commissioned by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Music_Trade_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Music Trade Association (page does not exist)">Christian Music Trade Association</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z_Music_Television" title="Z Music Television">Z Music Television</a>. The study looked at several artists including <a href="/wiki/Amy_Grant" title="Amy Grant">Amy Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/BeBe_Winans" title="BeBe Winans">BeBe</a> and <a href="/wiki/CeCe_Winans" title="CeCe Winans">CeCe Winans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carman_(singer)" title="Carman (singer)">Carman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Curtis_Chapman" title="Steven Curtis Chapman">Steven Curtis Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dc_Talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dc Talk">dc Talk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandi_Patty" title="Sandi Patty">Sandi Patty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Smith" title="Michael W. Smith">Michael W. Smith</a>. At the time of the survey, each of these artists was active in Christian music and had been so for at least nine years, was a multiple <a href="/wiki/Dove_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove Award">Dove Award</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winner, and had albums <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">certified</a> Gold or higher. </p><p>Even so, the survey found that the Christian music audience was no more familiar with artists in the field than they were with <a href="/wiki/Hootie_%26_The_Blowfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Hootie & The Blowfish">Hootie & The Blowfish</a>, a popular act at that time. The study concluded that the word "Christian" was the problem, causing a stigma. "It's the label, not the music, that dissuades," one Christian music executive was quoted as saying, agreeing with the survey.<sup id="cite_ref-CCMU_19970526_s_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCMU_19970526_s-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another aspect of the "ghetto" is that some artists have trouble gaining audience with Christians due to their non-conservative image.<sup id="cite_ref-Kyle_2006_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kyle_2006-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stryper" title="Stryper">Stryper</a> is a well-known example. Stryper received large amounts of criticism from groups on the Christian right, who argue (among other things) that their image as rock stars contradict their espoused faith. One critic wrote that the marriage of secular and religious elements in "Christian music" "violates all that God has commanded in the Bible about <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_separation" title="Doctrine of separation">separation</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Truth85_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truth85-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "ghetto" has several effects, critics point out that the audience of such artists are often already Christians, thus limiting the impact of any supposed "evangelism."<sup id="cite_ref-JoAC_15_3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoAC_15_3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another is that artists sometimes have trouble appealing to and maintaining both secular and religious audiences. For example: </p> <ul><li>One <a href="/wiki/Jesus_music" title="Jesus music">Jesus music</a> artist, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Matthews" title="Randy Matthews">Randy Matthews</a>, ran into trouble at an early Christian music festival after announcing an upcoming tour with <a href="/wiki/Lynyrd_Skynyrd" title="Lynyrd Skynyrd">Lynyrd Skynyrd</a> and <a href="/wiki/ZZ_Top" title="ZZ Top">ZZ Top</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_RM_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_RM-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crowd, also reacting to his electric musical style, chased him off the stage, pronouncing him to be <a href="/wiki/Demonic_possession" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonic possession">demon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Drug_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug abuse">drug</a> possessed.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_RM_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_RM-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCM_3_6_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCM_3_6-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matthews was later dropped from the tour.</li> <li>After <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> announced his conversion to Christianity in 1979, he released three albums widely cited as being based on his newfound faith.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_bdylan_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_bdylan-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dylan spent several years touring and preaching from stage, though he never became a part of the "Christian music subculture."<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_bdylan_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_bdylan-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result, as one critic bluntly puts it, was that "It didn't work. Christian music fans were characteristically suspicious of Dylan's failure to leave the world behind and become a part of their little ghetto, and the world at large tired quickly of paying money to hear him sing about religion."<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_bdylan_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_bdylan-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1981, Dylan had dropped the explicit religious references; both critics and audiences returned his music to acclaim.</li> <li>While commonly cited as the father of Christian rock, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Norman" title="Larry Norman">Larry Norman</a> struggled to gain acceptance from the Christian music industry, and was largely estranged from it for his career.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_Fe_LNorman_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_Fe_LNorman-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CYTY_52_4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYTY_52_4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Upon_This_Rock_(Larry_Norman_album)" title="Upon This Rock (Larry Norman album)">1969 solo debut</a> has been described by secular observers as "perhaps the first truly accomplished and relevant Christian rock testimony ever recorded,"<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusic_LN_1969_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusic_LN_1969-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1972's <i><a href="/wiki/Only_Visiting_This_Planet" title="Only Visiting This Planet">Only Visiting This Planet</a></i> became one of the most revered albums of all time in Christian music. Even so, Norman became, according to <i>CCM</i> "so far outside the mainstream that most of today's Christian music fans have no idea who Larry Norman is."<sup id="cite_ref-CCM_30_9_LN_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCM_30_9_LN-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The problem, as summed by one critic, was that the music was too religious for secular audience, while simultaneously too aggressive for religious audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-JMIA_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMIA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AoR1999_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AoR1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One critic describes the situation, stating that for a band "to be taken seriously outside the Christian scene, a band must stay far, far away from that scene."<sup id="cite_ref-CTTY_06_06_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTTY_06_06-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mutemath" title="Mutemath">Mutemath</a>, for instance sued their record label with the goal of removing their product from the Christian market. <a href="/wiki/Reset_(Mute_Math_EP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reset (Mute Math EP)">Their first release</a> sold almost 30,000 copies, with "bulk of sales coming from the Christian market," according to <i>Billboard</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BB_118_10_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_118_10-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The band had been placed in the Christian market by their record label largely because their lead singer, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Meany" title="Paul Meany">Paul Meany</a>, was previously with the band <a href="/wiki/Earthsuit" title="Earthsuit">Earthsuit</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Kaleidoscope_Superior" title="Kaleidoscope Superior">only major label release</a> was released on <a href="/wiki/Sparrow_Records" title="Sparrow Records">a Christian label</a>. </p><p>This caused the band to not get taken seriously by music critics, and by the release of <a href="/wiki/Mutemath_(album)" title="Mutemath (album)">their full-length album</a> the band began expressing discontent with their situation.<sup id="cite_ref-TW_Mutemath_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TW_Mutemath-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meany told <i>Tucson Weekly</i> "...we began to see ourselves getting pigeonholed into this particular world that we weren't necessarily proud to be associated with... We're not trying to preach through our music; we don't have some kind of <a href="/wiki/Evangelistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelistic">evangelistic</a> agenda with what we're doing... You know, you don't want to be ashamed of your faith and your beliefs, but you don't want to be marketed by that, either."<sup id="cite_ref-TW_Mutemath_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TW_Mutemath-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, some artists operate solely within the "ghetto" of Christian music, and find great success in doing so. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downplayed_religious_content">Downplayed religious content</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Downplayed religious content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An early Christian record label, <a href="/wiki/Lamb_%26_Lion_Records" title="Lamb & Lion Records">Lamb & Lion Records</a> (founded by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Boone" title="Pat Boone">Pat Boone</a>) reported in 1978 that it was their goal to produce crossover artists, but they were limited by lack of distribution to the secular marketplace.<sup id="cite_ref-ET_29_5_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET_29_5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both problems affected Christian labels into the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-JoAC_15_3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoAC_15_3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Since people don't understand [the term] '<a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">the Blood of Jesus</a>, '" stated a manager for Lamb & Lion, "...music that communicates must approach it another way. We've got to present a subtle but sensitive Christian message."<sup id="cite_ref-ET_29_5_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET_29_5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lyrics with subdued religious content have become commonplace in the industry; One critic points out that the secular hit "<a href="/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Sky" title="Spirit in the Sky">Spirit in the Sky</a>" "has more explicit religious references than do many recent Christian radio hits."<sup id="cite_ref-BILLBOARD_G_HIST_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BILLBOARD_G_HIST-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some critics have alleged that CCM often uses "minimal direct theology," and promotes a "Jesus is my boyfriend" image of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using downplayed religious content in lyrics has allowed some artists to "cross over" and make significant impact into the general market. Some Christian bands are able to do this while maintaining their identity in the Christian market. For example, <a href="/wiki/MercyMe" title="MercyMe">MercyMe</a>, whose double platinum album <i><a href="/wiki/Almost_There_(MercyMe_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almost There (MercyMe album)">Almost There</a></i> produced the Christian and secular chart hit "<a href="/wiki/I_Can_Only_Imagine_(MercyMe_song)" title="I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)">I Can Only Imagine</a>." However, the lyrics of the single, while Christian in nature, contain what one critic calls "rather <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vacuous" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:vacuous">vacuous</a> theology."<sup id="cite_ref-JMIA_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMIA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes "crossing over" creates ambiguity over whether an artist is Christian (a "Christian band"),<sup id="cite_ref-AoR1999_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AoR1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the artist is composed of Christians and produces music that appeals to Christian music fans but does not cater to the Christian market ("Christians in a band").<sup id="cite_ref-AoR1999_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AoR1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such artists are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevelle_(band)" title="Chevelle (band)">Chevelle</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Point_No._1" title="Point No. 1">debut album</a> was released to Christian music markets, received three <a href="/wiki/Dove_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove award">Dove awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DOVE_CHV1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOVE_CHV1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOVE_CHV2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOVE_CHV2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the band is not generally considered to be a "Christian band" today. On that topic the band states "We originally signed with <a href="/wiki/Squint_Entertainment" title="Squint Entertainment">a record company</a> that was backed by <a href="/wiki/Word_Records" title="Word Records">Word</a> (a Christian label housing <a href="/wiki/John_Tesh" title="John Tesh">John Tesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Grant" title="Amy Grant">Amy Grant</a>), so the record was in Christian bookstores. It was really an accidental thing."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_86" title="Project 86">Project 86</a> has sometimes been labeled a "Christian band", although the band itself eschewed the label. The band considers its art to be the best conveyance of their message.<sup id="cite_ref-CM_Vol_52_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CM_Vol_52-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frontman Andrew Schwab has offered several statements on the topic. "We're not going to go in there and say 'Hey we're the Christian band. We're going to carry ourselves like a normal band. Hopefully people will like our music and investigate into the band [...] and they will learn our beliefs."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "If we're playing at <a href="/wiki/Ozzfest" title="Ozzfest">Ozzfest</a> or on <a href="/wiki/Family_Values_Tour" title="Family Values Tour">Family Values</a>...," the band told <i><a href="/wiki/7ball" title="7ball">7ball</a></i> after the release of <a href="/wiki/Drawing_Black_Lines" title="Drawing Black Lines">their second album</a>, "there is a greater level of tact necessary in order to reach that sort of audience."<sup id="cite_ref-7b_30_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7b_30-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2007 interview, Schwab further opined "We always tell people that the goal has been to just write music that we love, and write music hopefully that is challenging and inspiring to people and doesn't sound like everything else out there."<sup id="cite_ref-DIBASE_2007-04-23_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIBASE_2007-04-23-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switchfoot" title="Switchfoot">Switchfoot</a> is often referred to as a "Christian band", mostly due to their involvement with the Christian rock scene in their early days. But the band has always shunned this label: "For us, it's a faith, not a genre,..." says Jon Foreman. "...these songs are for everyone. Calling us 'Christian rock' tends to be a box that closes some people out and excludes them. And that's not what we're trying to do. Music has always opened my mind—and that's what we want".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duly, Foreman's lyrics steer clear of preachiness, exclusive declarations of faith, or even any mention of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a>, instead <a href="/wiki/Social_commentary" title="Social commentary">questioning the status quo</a>, probing <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">existential</a> issues through "<a href="/wiki/Socratic_dialogue" title="Socratic dialogue">Socratic dialogue</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he answers questions with more questions, exploring frustrations, or simply being inspirational. Even so, this position has not alienated their Christian fans. As in their <a href="/wiki/Indie_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie (music)">indie</a> days, they are still distributed to Christian retail outlets through <a href="/wiki/Sparrow_Records" title="Sparrow Records">Sparrow Records</a>, featured on Christian radio and charts, and presented <a href="/wiki/GMA_Music_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA Music Awards">Dove Awards</a>, even after having been signed to the mainstream <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> writer Andrew Beaujon takes the view that "their lyrics often have two different meanings, one meaning for a Christian audience and one meaning for the rest of us. They try to relate to two different groups of people at once".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_video">In video</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trend continues when examining religious videos. Many Christian bands produce videos with rotation on <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> in mind, however, the images can lead to an ambiguous impression of the portrayal. </p><p>In 1982 MTV featured two videos, "Constantly Changing" and "It's Mad" (which was the first one to be featured), made by the Swedish Christian rock band <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_(Swedish_band)" title="Jerusalem (Swedish band)">Jerusalem</a> to promote their 1981 release <i>Warrior</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MuLe_2_9_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MuLe_2_9-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/DeGarmo_and_Key" title="DeGarmo and Key">DeGarmo and Key</a> was the first Christian band in the US whose video appeared on MTV, made a video for their single "Six, Six, Six" off their 1984 release <i>Communication</i>. While the video was shown on MTV for a short time, it was subsequently pulled for a scene which depicted the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a> engulfed in flames, which MTV described as "senseless violence."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually the video was re-edited for MTV—however, the unedited version continued to play in Christian bookstores and on Christian television networks, like <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">Trinity Broadcasting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MuLe_3_1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MuLe_3_1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The video received a <a href="/wiki/Dove_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove award">Dove award</a> in a category created specially for it, "Gospel Music Visual Song" in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-MuLe_3_1_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MuLe_3_1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another artist, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Welch" title="Brian Welch">Brian Welch</a>, whose <i><a href="/wiki/Save_Me_from_Myself_(album)" title="Save Me from Myself (album)">solo debut</a></i> was released to Christian markets, found their album pulled from some Christian bookstores after the music video for "Flush" was released.<sup id="cite_ref-BrianW_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrianW-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The video is an interpretation of the authors personal experience with <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>, before his religious conversion. At the time the album was pulled, Brian Welsh released a statement about the visual content of the video, relating its symbolism to his personal experiences of addiction and redemption. He also issued the following statement: "The video for 'Flush' is about <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">crystal meth</a> addiction and the crazy things anyone addicted to meth will do while they're <a href="/wiki/Substance_intoxication" title="Substance intoxication">high</a> or to get their fix. Everything the models were doing in the video is what I was wrapped up in while I was addicted to meth... I believe I would be dead right now if I continued using meth, but instead, I chose to <a href="/wiki/Salvation#Christianity" title="Salvation">surrender my life</a> to Christ and die to myself so He could share His resurrection with me... There is a huge message of hope on my CD and I believe those retailers that are pulling the CD from their shelves are robbing someone spiritually by taking it off of the shelves."<sup id="cite_ref-BrianW_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrianW-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Green; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 54.975465219277px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 39.592800879772px 100px 0; border-right-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Classification of videos on Z Music by content<sup id="cite_ref-PMS_S99_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMS_S99-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> Ambiguously Religious (31%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> Moderately Religious (52%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> Unequivocally Religious (17%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>A study of visual elements of Christian music videos on <a href="/wiki/Z_Music_Television" title="Z Music Television">Z Music Television</a>, a now defunct MTV-like channel for Christian music, found that almost one third of the channel's videos could be described as "Ambiguously Religious" at best (red area, right).<sup id="cite_ref-PMS_S99_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMS_S99-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conclusion was that the channel's programming was designed to make its Christian nature "apparent only to those willing to listen for it."<sup id="cite_ref-PMS_S99_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMS_S99-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_arguments">Other arguments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other arguments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some critics describe the Christian music industry as being committed "to the goals and strategies of the commercial marketplace – industrial growth, increased market share, and greater profits."<sup id="cite_ref-RPCinA_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPCinA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became more apparent in the 1980s and 1990s as the largest Christian record labels became subsidiaries of the "mainstream" labels (who are themselves owned by huge <a href="/wiki/Media_conglomerate" title="Media conglomerate">media conglomerates</a> like <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (2005–present)">Viacom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-AoR1999_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AoR1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hendershot2002_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hendershot2002-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others see the industry as taking on the roles traditionally reserved for the church. Concerts are the equivalent of religious services, and commodities symbols of faith.<sup id="cite_ref-RPCinA_art_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPCinA_art-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under these conditions "<a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelism</a> becomes rhetoric—justifying the propaganda value of the industry's work – not spiritual reality."<sup id="cite_ref-RPCinA_art_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPCinA_art-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One critic comments that "perhaps the 'ghettoization' and parallel institutionalism of CCM manifests itself nowhere more apparently than at numerous <a href="/wiki/Christian_rock_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian rock festival">Christian rock festivals</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-JMIA_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMIA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_media_organizations" title="List of Christian media organizations">List of Christian media organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Copyright_Licensing_International" title="Christian Copyright Licensing International">Christian Copyright Licensing International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Association" title="Gospel Music Association">Gospel Music Association</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mungons-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mungons_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMungonsYeo2021">Mungons & Yeo 2021</a>, pp. 91–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mall-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mall_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMall2020">Mall 2020</a>, pp. 13–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell_Fe_intro-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_Fe_intro_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell2002">Powell 2002</a>, "Introduction" pp. 9–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RPCinA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RPCinA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RPCinA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RPCinA_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForbesMahan2000">Forbes & Mahan 2000</a>, "Evangelicals and Popular Music: The Contemporary Christian Music Industry" pp. 105–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cusic_PART4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cusic_PART4_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCusic2002">Cusic 2002</a>, Part Four, pp. 279–386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mount_Web-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mount_Web_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMount2005" class="citation book cs1">Mount, Daniel J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203163712/http://www.danielmount.net/ccm.html"><i>A City on a Hilltop? The History of Contemporary Christian Music</i></a>. p. 50. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danielmount.net/ccm.html">the original</a> on February 3, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+City+on+a+Hilltop%3F+The+History+of+Contemporary+Christian+Music&rft.pages=50&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danielmount.net%2Fccm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hale_93-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hale_93_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale1993" class="citation book cs1">Hale, Mark (1993). "2869". <i>Headbangers</i> (First edition, second printing ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor, Michigan</a>: Popular Culture, Ink. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56075-029-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56075-029-4"><bdi>1-56075-029-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2869&rft.btitle=Headbangers&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=336&rft.edition=First+edition%2C+second+printing&rft.pub=Popular+Culture%2C+Ink.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-56075-029-4&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCM_28_5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CCM_28_5_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Christian Rock Wars: Evangelist <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Swaggart" title="Jimmy Swaggart">Jimmy Swaggart</a> Tells Why He Hates Today's Christian Rock". <i><a href="/wiki/CCM_Magazine" title="CCM Magazine">CCM Magazine</a></i>. <b>7</b> (12): 14–17. June 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1524-7848">1524-7848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CCM+Magazine&rft.atitle=Christian+Rock+Wars%3A+Evangelist+Jimmy+Swaggart+Tells+Why+He+Hates+Today%27s+Christian+Rock&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=14-17&rft.date=1985-06&rft.issn=1524-7848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DTT_CROCK-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DTT_CROCK_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.av1611.org/articles.html#Crock">"Articles / Christian Music"</a>. 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Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06404-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06404-1"><bdi>978-0-674-06404-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Sounds%3A+The+Commercial+Revolution+in+American+Music&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-674-06404-1&rft.aulast=Suisman&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2008" class="citation book cs1">Nichols, Stephen J. (2008). <i>Jesus Made in America</i>. Intervarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2849-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2849-4"><bdi>978-0-8308-2849-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Made+in+America&rft.pub=Intervarsity+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2849-4&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyle2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Kyle" title="Richard G. Kyle">Kyle, Richard</a> (2006). <i>Evangelicalism : an Americanized Christianity</i>. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7658-0324-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7658-0324-0"><bdi>0-7658-0324-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicalism+%3A+an+Americanized+Christianity&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7658-0324-0&rft.aulast=Kyle&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendershot2004" class="citation book cs1">Hendershot, Heather (2004). <i>Shaking the World for Jesus: Media and Conservative Evangelical Culture</i>. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-32679-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-32679-9"><bdi>0-226-32679-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaking+the+World+for+Jesus%3A+Media+and+Conservative+Evangelical+Culture&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-226-32679-9&rft.aulast=Hendershot&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacock2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Peacock" title="Charlie Peacock">Peacock, Charlie</a> (2004). <i>At The Crossroads: Inside the Past, Present, and Future of Contemporary Christian Music</i>. Shaw Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-877-88128-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-877-88128-5"><bdi>978-0-877-88128-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+The+Crossroads%3A+Inside+the+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future+of+Contemporary+Christian+Music&rft.pub=Shaw+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-877-88128-5&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfonso2002" class="citation book cs1">Alfonso, Barry (2002). <i>The Billboard Guide to Contemporary Christian Music</i>. Billboard Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-7718-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-7718-7"><bdi>0-8230-7718-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Guide+to+Contemporary+Christian+Music&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8230-7718-7&rft.aulast=Alfonso&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCusic2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_Cusic" title="Don Cusic">Cusic, Don</a> (2002). <i>The Sound of Light: A History of Gospel Music</i> (First Hal Leonard ed.). Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard Corp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-634-02938-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-634-02938-X"><bdi>0-634-02938-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sound+of+Light%3A+A+History+of+Gospel+Music&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+WI&rft.edition=First+Hal+Leonard&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corp.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-634-02938-X&rft.aulast=Cusic&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span> Original publication, 1990, Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Bowling Green, Ohio.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2002" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Mark Allan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco00mark"><i>Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music</i></a> (First printing ed.). Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56563-679-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56563-679-1"><bdi>1-56563-679-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Christian+Music&rft.place=Peabody%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=First+printing&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56563-679-1&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Mark+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofco00mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbesMahan2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Forbes" title="Bruce Forbes">Forbes, Bruce David</a>; Mahan, Jeffrey H., eds. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religionpopularc0000unse"><i>Religion and Popular Culture in America</i></a>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-21324-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-21324-6"><bdi>0-520-21324-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Popular+Culture+in+America&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-520-21324-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligionpopularc0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowardStreck1999" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Jay R; Streck, John M. (1999). <a href="/wiki/Apostles_of_Rock:_The_Splintered_World_of_Contemporary_Christian_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostles of Rock: The Splintered World of Contemporary Christian Music"><i>Apostles of Rock: The Splintered World of Contemporary Christian Music</i></a>. Lexington, Kentucky: The University of Kentucky Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-9086-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-9086-X"><bdi>0-8131-9086-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apostles+of+Rock%3A+The+Splintered+World+of+Contemporary+Christian+Music&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=The+University+of+Kentucky+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8131-9086-X&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Jay+R&rft.au=Streck%2C+John+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+music+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_music_industry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Industry organizations</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmta.biz/">Christian Music Trade Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christiansongwriters.org/">Christian Songwriter's Network</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201131141/http://www.solideogloria.org/beliefs/stevecamp/index.htm">Steve Camp's 107 Thesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collidemagazine.com/article/106/is-christian-music-dying">Is Christian Music Dying?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christian_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_music" title="Template:Christian music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_music" title="Template talk:Christian music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christian_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roots and beginnings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">Homophony</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Polyphony#European_polyphony" title="Polyphony">Polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorale" title="Chorale">Chorale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_tune#The_Reformation" title="Hymn tune">Hymn tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnody_of_continental_Europe" title="Hymnody of continental Europe">Hymnody of continental Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_psalmody" title="Exclusive psalmody">Exclusive psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_music" title="Jesus music">Jesus music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Harp" title="Sacred Harp">Sacred Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shape_note" title="Shape note">Shape note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituals" title="Spirituals">Spirituals</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg/75px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg/113px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg/150px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian adult contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">Contemporary worship music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Geistliches_Lied" title="Neues Geistliches Lied">Neues Geistliches Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Mass (music)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_country_music" title="Christian country music">Christian country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_electronic_dance_music" title="Christian electronic dance music">Christian electronic dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hip_hop" title="Christian hip hop">Christian hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_R%26B" title="Christian R&B">Christian R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_alternative_rock" title="Christian alternative rock">Christian alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_metal" title="Christian metal">Christian metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unblack_metal" title="Unblack metal">Unblack metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_punk" title="Christian punk">Christian punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hardcore" title="Christian hardcore">Christian hardcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ska" title="Christian ska">Christian ska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_blues" title="Gospel blues">Gospel blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_reggae" title="Gospel reggae">Gospel reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Latin Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_gospel" title="Southern gospel">Southern gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Gospel_music" title="Black Gospel music">Black Gospel music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_black_gospel" title="Traditional black gospel">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary_gospel" title="Urban contemporary gospel">Urban contemporary gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chant" title="Template:Chant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chant" title="Template talk:Chant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christian_liturgical_chant" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgical</a> <a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">chant</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_chant" title="Armenian chant">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_chant" title="Ethiopian chant">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_chant" title="Galician chant">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obikhod" title="Obikhod">Obikhod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_chant" title="Kievan chant">Kievan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostopinije" title="Prostopinije">Prostopinije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian chant">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znamenny_chant" title="Znamenny chant">Znamenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Western</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Plainsong" title="Plainsong">Plainsong</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_chant" title="Ambrosian chant">Ambrosian</a> (Milanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_chant" title="Anglican chant">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_chant" title="Beneventan chant">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_chant" title="Celtic chant">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_chant" title="Gallican chant">Gallican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_chant" title="Mozarabic chant">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Roman_chant" title="Old Roman chant">Old Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravenna_chant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravenna chant (page does not exist)">Ravenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_church_composers" title="List of Anglican church composers">Anglican church composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_bands_and_artists_by_genre" title="List of Christian bands and artists by genre">Christian bands and artists by genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_country_artists" title="List of Christian country artists">Christian country artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_hardcore_bands" title="List of Christian hardcore bands">Christian hardcore bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_rock_bands" title="List of Christian rock bands">Christian rock bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_metal_artists" title="List of Christian metal artists">Christian metal artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_hip_hop_artists" title="List of Christian hip hop artists">Christian hip hop artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_punk_bands" title="List of Christian punk bands">Christian punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_ska_bands" title="List of Christian ska bands">Christian ska bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_record_labels" title="List of Christian record labels">Christian record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_vocal_artists" title="List of Christian vocal artists">Christian vocal artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_worship_music_artists" title="List of Christian worship music artists">Christian worship music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gospel_musicians" title="List of gospel musicians">Gospel musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Anglican church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_media" title="Christian media">Christian media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_festival" title="Christian music festival">Christian music festival</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_music" title="Church music">Church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Catholic_liturgical_music" title="Contemporary Catholic liturgical music">Contemporary Catholic liturgical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_music" title="Category:Christian music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christian_music" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Christian music">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_industry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies<br />and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors<br />and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release<br />formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts"><i>Rolling Stone</i> Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)"><i>Idol</i> franchise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <small>(Females)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label" title="White label">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/32px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_industry" title="Category:Music industry">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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