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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erfenis_en_waardering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erfenis_en_waardering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Erfenis en waardering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erfenis_en_waardering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_leeswerk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_leeswerk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verdere leeswerk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_leeswerk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lili Kraus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 19 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ليلي كراوس – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليلي كراوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ليلى كراوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليلى كراوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Krausov%C3%A1" title="Lili Krausová – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lili Krausová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="לילי קראוס – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לילי קראוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="リリー・クラウス – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リリー・クラウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%B4%EB%A6%AC_%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="릴리 크라우시 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="릴리 크라우시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Краус, Лили – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Краус, Лили" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lili Kraus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q465256#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Lili_Kraus" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lili_Kraus"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lili_Kraus"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Lili_Kraus" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Lili_Kraus" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&oldid=2458741" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Lili_Kraus&id=2458741&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLili_Kraus"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLili_Kraus"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lili+Kraus"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lili_Kraus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lili_Kraus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q465256" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lili_Kraus_1971.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lili_Kraus_1971.JPG/220px-Lili_Kraus_1971.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lili_Kraus_1971.JPG/330px-Lili_Kraus_1971.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lili_Kraus_1971.JPG/440px-Lili_Kraus_1971.JPG 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Kraus in 1971.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lili Kraus</b> (<a href="/wiki/3_April" title="3 April">3 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> - <a href="/wiki/6_November" title="6 November">6 November</a> <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>) was 'n <a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongaars-gebore</a> <a href="/wiki/Pianis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pianis">pianis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lili Kraus is in 1903 in <a href="/wiki/Boedapest" title="Boedapest">Boedapest</a> gebore. Haar vader was van Tsjeggiese afkoms, en haar moeder van 'n geassimileerde Joods-Hongaarse familie. </p><p>Sy studeer aan die Franz Liszt Musiekakademie, en op die ouderdom van 17 skryf sy in by die Boedapest Konservatorium waar sy studeer onder <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly" title="Zoltán Kodály">Zoltán Kodály</a> en <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a>. In the 1930's sit sy haar studies voort onder Severin Eisenberger en Eduard Steuermann in <a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Artur_Schnabel" title="Artur Schnabel">Artur Schnabel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a>, wat haar belangstelling in die klassieke tradisie aanwakker. </p><p>Lili Kraus word spoedig bekend as 'n spesialis in die musiek van <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>. Haar vroeë kamermusiekopvoerings en opnames saam met die violis Szymon Goldberg help haar om kritiese lof in te oes en loods terselfdertyd haar internasionale loopbaan. In the 1930's toer sy deur <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> en Suid-Afrika. In 1940, tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a>, onderneem Kraus 'n toer van <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>, waartydens sy en haar familie in <a href="/wiki/Java" class="mw-disambig" title="Java">Java</a> gevange geneem word deur Japannese magte en vanaf Junie 1943 tot Augustus 1945 deur die Japannese magte geïnterneer word. </p><p>Na die oorlog vestig sy haar in <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Nieu-Seeland">Nieu-Seeland</a> waar sy vir 'n aantal jare opvoerings en onderrig gee. Sy word 'n Nieu-Seelandse burger en sit aldaar haar loopbaan voort met uitgebreide toere. In die vroeë 1950's voer sy 'n volledige siklus van Beethoven se vioolsonates op saam met die <a href="/wiki/Viool" title="Viool">violis</a> Henri Temianka. Sy gee vanaf 1967 tot 1983 as inwonende kunstenaar klas aan die <i>Texas Christian University</i> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a>. Hierna vestig sy haar in Asheville, <a href="/wiki/Noord-Carolina" title="Noord-Carolina">Noord-Carolina</a>, waar sy in 1986 oorlede is. </p><p>Kraus se eggenoot was Otto Mandl (gebore 1889, sterf 1956), 'n welgestelde Joodse (hy het hom later tot die Katolisisme bekeer) myningenieur en filosoof. Hulle is op 31 Oktober 1930 getroud. Mandl het sy sakebelange verkoop ten einde sy vrou se loopbaan te bevorder.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'n Seun en dogter genaamd Ruth en Michael is uit die huwelik gebore.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erfenis_en_waardering">Erfenis en waardering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Erfenis en waardering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Erfenis en waardering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kraus was een van die vernaamste en prominentste 20ste eeuse vertolkers van die musiek van <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>. Haar volledige opname van sy klaviersonates, wat in die laat 1960's opgeneem is, word vandag steeds as 'n toonaangewende interpretasie beskou; haar opnames van Mozart se klavierconcertos (saam met die Weense Fees-simfonieorkes onder leiding van Stephen Simon) vanaf 1965/66, parallel met <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Anda" title="Géza Anda">Géza Anda</a> se volledige opnames, wat in 1961 begin is, is van groot artistieke waarde. Anders as baie pianiste van haar tyd, het Kraus nie 'n kragtige en oordonderde toon verkies nie. Aangesien sy nooit 'n eksklusiewe kontrak met 'n platemaatskappy gesluit het nie, was dit vir 'n lang tyd moeilik om haar opnames te bekom. Intussen is haar opnames van 1933–1958 asook die volledige opnames van die Mozart-concertos op die Parlophone, Ducretet-Thomson en Les Discophiles Français (insluitend opnames van Mozart en Beethoven se vioolsonates saam met Goldberg) plate-etikette vrygestel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_leeswerk">Verdere leeswerk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdere leeswerk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Verdere leeswerk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Steve Roberson: <i>Lili Kraus</i>. Biografie. Texas University Press, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780875652160" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8756-5216-0</a></li> <li>Alain Paris, Klassische Musik im 20. Jahrhundert, 2. Auflage, dtv, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a> 1995; <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3423325011" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-423-32501-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Kraus-Lili.htm">Biografie by Bach Cantatas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarchive.org/item.php?id=lp-00293_BeG">Europese Argief</a> <a href="/wiki/Kopiereg" title="Kopiereg">Kopiereglose</a> langspeelplaat-opname van Lili Kraus wat twee klaviersonates deur <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a> speel by die Europese Argief</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naxos.com/artistinfo/lili_kraus/13511.htm">Naxos: Lili Kraus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Vxta3ojGf8">'Camera Three' episode: Lili Kraus oor Schubert se 'Grazer' Fantasie (11/2/1969)</a> (slegs klankgreep, geen video)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZntL9Y7vcDM">Kraus speel Mozart se klavierconcertos Nos.11,12,13,14,17,18 en 19 saam met die Weense Fees-simfonieorkes onder leiding van Stephen Simon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvRhkZLM__E">Kraus speel Mozart se klavierconcertos Nos. 20,21,22,23,24,25,26 en 27</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Kraus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Roberson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Roberson_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Roberson_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right 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a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/S_Roberson_Lili_1989.pdf">"Lili Kraus: The First Lady Of The Piano"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lili+Kraus%3A+The+First+Lady+Of+The+Piano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibres.uncg.edu%2Fir%2Funcg%2Ff%2FS_Roberson_Lili_1989.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALili+Kraus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465256&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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