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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%DB%81%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:MyTalk" title="ایس آئی پی پتے دیاں تبدیلیاں تے گل بات [n]" accesskey="n"><span>گل بات</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">لُکاؤ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-تشریح" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تشریح"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>تشریح</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تشریح-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-الیکٹرک_فیلڈ_دے_سورس" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الیکٹرک_فیلڈ_دے_سورس"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>الیکٹرک فیلڈ دے سورس</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-الیکٹرک_فیلڈ_دے_سورس-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle الیکٹرک فیلڈ دے سورس subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-الیکٹرک_فیلڈ_دے_سورس-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-کارن_اتے_وورن" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#کارن_اتے_وورن"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲.۱</span> <span>کارن اتے وورن</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-کارن_اتے_وورن-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-جاری_بنام_اجاری_چارج_ریپارٹیشن" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#جاری_بنام_اجاری_چارج_ریپارٹیشن"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲.۲</span> <span>جاری بنام اجاری چارج ریپارٹیشن</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-جاری_بنام_اجاری_چارج_ریپارٹیشن-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سپرپجیشن_پرنسپل" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سپرپجیشن_پرنسپل"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>سپرپجیشن پرنسپل</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">۵</span> <span>الیکٹروڈائنامک فیلڈاں</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الیکٹروڈائنامک_فیلڈاں-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ایہ_وی_ویکھو" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ایہ_وی_ویکھو"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۶</span> <span>ایہ وی ویکھو</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ایہ_وی_ویکھو-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالے" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالے"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۷</span> <span>حوالے</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالے-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-باہری_لنک" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#باہری_لنک"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۸</span> <span>باہری لنک</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-باہری_لنک-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">الیکٹرک فیلڈ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ۹۸ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۹۸ بولیاں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisches_Feld" title="Elektrisches Feld – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elektrisches Feld" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8C%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD_%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AD" title="ኤሌክትሪክ መስክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤሌክትሪክ መስክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="حقل كهربائي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حقل كهربائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="বৈদ্যুতিক ক্ষেত্ৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বৈদ্যুতিক ক্ষেত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campu_ll%C3%A9tricu" title="Campu llétricu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Campu llétricu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_sah%C9%99si" title="Elektrik sahəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik sahəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="الکتریک مئیدانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکتریک مئیدانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Электрычнае поле – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычнае поле" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Электрычнае поле – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электрычнае поле" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електрическо поле – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електрическо поле" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="बिद्युत क्षेत्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिद्युत क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="তড়িৎ ক্ষেত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তড়িৎ ক্ষেত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Električno polje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_el%C3%A8ctric" title="Camp elèctric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Camp elèctric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بواری کارەبایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بواری کارەبایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A9_pole" title="Elektrické pole – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrické pole" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Электро уй – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электро уй" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_felt" title="Elektrisk felt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk felt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisches_Feld" title="Elektrisches Feld – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrisches Feld" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Ηλεκτρικό πεδίο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρικό πεδίο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electric field" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_kampo" title="Elektra kampo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra kampo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Campo eléctrico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Campo eléctrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriv%C3%A4li" title="Elektriväli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektriväli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremu_elektriko" title="Eremu elektriko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eremu elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campu_el%C3%A9tricu" title="Campu elétricu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Campu elétricu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="میدان الکتریکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میدان الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6kentt%C3%A4" title="Sähkökenttä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkökenttä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Champ électrique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Champ électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_fial" title="Elektrisk fial – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektrisk fial" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9imse_leictreach" title="Réimse leictreach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réimse leictreach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Campo eléctrico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Campo eléctrico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Medan listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="שדה חשמלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שדה חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युत्-क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत्-क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Električno polje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_elektrik" title="Chan elektrik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chan elektrik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromos_mez%C5%91" title="Elektromos mező – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromos mező" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF" title="Էլեկտրական դաշտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական դաշտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Medan listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafsvi%C3%B0" title="Rafsvið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafsvið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_elettrico" title="Campo elettrico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Campo elettrico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電場" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრული ველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრული ველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Электр өрісі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электр өрісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="ដែនអគ្គីសនី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ដែនអគ្គីសនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%9E%A5" title="전기장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전기장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_electricus" title="Campus electricus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Campus electricus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lektrikveldj" title="Lektrikveldj – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lektrikveldj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrinis_laukas" title="Elektrinis laukas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektrinis laukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriskais_lauks" title="Elektriskais lauks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektriskais lauks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електрично поле – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електрично поле" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വൈദ്യുതക്ഷേത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുതക്ഷേത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цахилгаан орон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан орон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युत क्षेत्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्युत क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_elektrik" title="Medan elektrik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Medan elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လျှပ်စစ်စက်ကွင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်စက်ကွင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="میدان الکتریکی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میدان الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisch_veld" title="Elektrisch veld – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrisch veld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_felt" title="Elektrisk felt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk felt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_felt" title="Elektrisk felt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk felt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_electric" title="Camp electric – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Camp electric" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0" title="ବୈଦୁତିକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୈଦୁତିକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1" title="ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਿਕ ਫੀਲਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਿਕ ਫੀਲਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_elektryczne" title="Pole elektryczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pole elektryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_el%C3%A9trich" title="Camp elétrich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Camp elétrich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%87" title="برېښنايي ساحه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برېښنايي ساحه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_el%C3%A9trico" title="Campo elétrico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Campo elétrico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2mp_electric" title="Câmp electric – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Câmp electric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Электрическое поле – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрическое поле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="اک چنگا آرٹیکل"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campu_el%C3%A8ttricu" title="Campu elèttricu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Campu elèttricu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Električno polje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electric field" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A9_pole" title="Elektrické pole – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrické pole" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električno polje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandare_remagetsi" title="Dandare remagetsi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dandare remagetsi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusha_elektrike" title="Fusha elektrike – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fusha elektrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Електрично поље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електрично поље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dan_Listrik" title="Médan Listrik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Médan Listrik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriskt_f%C3%A4lt" title="Elektriskt fält – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektriskt fält" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்புலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்புலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="สนามไฟฟ้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สนามไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrikong_field" title="Elektrikong field – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Elektrikong field" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_alan%C4%B1" title="Elektrik alanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik alanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Электр кыры – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электр кыры" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Електричне поле – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електричне поле" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="برقی میدان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی میدان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_maydon" title="Elektr maydon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr maydon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Điện trường – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện trường" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palibot_han_elektriko" title="Palibot han elektriko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Palibot han elektriko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toolu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Toolu mbëj – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Toolu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%9C%BA" title="电场 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电场" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電場" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電場" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-ti%C3%BB%E2%81%BF" title="Tiān-tiûⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-tiûⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電場" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umzuba" title="Umzuba – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umzuba" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">آزاد انسائیکلوپیڈیا، وکیپیڈیا توں</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="pnb" dir="rtl"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:VFPt_image_charge_plane_horizontal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/VFPt_image_charge_plane_horizontal.svg/250px-VFPt_image_charge_plane_horizontal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/VFPt_image_charge_plane_horizontal.svg/375px-VFPt_image_charge_plane_horizontal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/VFPt_image_charge_plane_horizontal.svg/500px-VFPt_image_charge_plane_horizontal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>کنڈکٹنگ مٹیریئل دے کسے انxائنائیٹ (اننت) شیٹ اتے لمکائے کسے پوآئنٹ پوزٹو <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="الیکٹرک چارج">الیکٹرک چارج</a> توں پیدا ہو رہیاں الیکٹرک فیلڈ لائیناں</figcaption></figure> <p><b>بجلی میدان جاں برقی میدان </b> اوہ میدان جتھے <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="برقی چارج">برقی چارج</a> دی طاقت محسوس ہندی اے۔ کوئی <b>الیکٹرک فیلڈ</b> اک اجیہی <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88" title="ویکٹر فیلڈ">ویکٹر فیلڈ</a> ہندی اے جو سپیس اندرلے ہریک نقطہ نوں <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کولمب فورس (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کولمب فورس</a> نال جوڑدی اے جو اوس نقطہ اتے رکھے کسے الٹرا شارٹ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ٹیسٹ چارج (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">ٹیسٹ چارج</a> ولوں فی یونٹ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="الیکٹرک چارج">الیکٹرک چارج</a> تجربہ کیتا جاندا اے۔ <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> الیکٹرک فیلڈاں الیکٹرک چارجاں ولوں پیدا ہندیاں ہن اتے ویلے نال تبدیل ہندیاں <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88" class="mw-redirect" title="میگنیٹک فیلڈ">میگنیٹک فیلڈ</a>اں ولوں انڈیوس کیتیاں جا سکدیاں ہن۔ الیکٹرک فیلڈ میگنیٹک فیلڈ نال مل کے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الیکٹرومیگنیٹک فیلڈ (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">الیکٹرومیگنیٹک فیلڈ</a> رچدی اے۔ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تشریح"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.B4.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AD"></span>تشریح</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=1" title="حصہ لکھو: تشریح"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>کسے دتے ہوئے پوآئنٹ اتے الیکٹرک فیلڈ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d7f22b39d51f780fc02859059c1757c606b9de2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.757ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} }"></span>، اوس (ویکٹر) فورس <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da18bef8c979f3548bb0d8976f5844012d7b8256" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.683ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }"></span> دے طور تے متاثر کیتی جاندی اے، جو الیکٹرومیگنیٹک فورساں (جویں <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="لورنٹز فورس (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">لورنٹز فورس</a>) ولوں یونٹ چارج دے کسے سٹیشنری <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ٹیسٹ پارٹیکل (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">ٹیسٹ پارٹیکل</a> اتے لگدا اے۔ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="الیکٹرک چارج">چارج</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06809d64fa7c817ffc7e323f85997f783dbdf71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q}"></span> والا کوئی پارٹیکل اک فورس <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q\mathbf {E} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q\mathbf {E} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a55ac3f5c34f199fc5327de0d034b5218a364269" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.608ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q\mathbf {E} }"></span> دا ساہمنا کردا اے۔ اسدیاں <a href="/w/index.php?title=SI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SI (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">SI</a> یونٹاں <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نیوٹن (یونٹ) (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">نیوٹن</a> فی <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8" title="کولمب">کولمب</a> (N⋅C<sup>−1</sup>) ہن جاں اسدے برابر ہی، <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9" title="وولٹ">وولٹ</a> فی میٹر (V⋅m<sup>−1</sup>) ہن، جو <a href="/w/index.php?title=SI_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%DA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SI بیس یونٹاں (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">SI بیس یونٹاں</a> دے اصولاں مطابق kg⋅m⋅s<sup>−3</sup>⋅A<sup>−1</sup> ہن۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="الیکٹرک_فیلڈ_دے_سورس"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.DB.8C.DA.A9.D9.B9.D8.B1.DA.A9_.D9.81.DB.8C.D9.84.DA.88_.D8.AF.DB.92_.D8.B3.D9.88.D8.B1.D8.B3"></span>الیکٹرک فیلڈ دے سورس</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=2" title="حصہ لکھو: الیکٹرک فیلڈ دے سورس"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="کارن_اتے_وورن"><span id=".DA.A9.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.86_.D8.A7.D8.AA.DB.92_.D9.88.D9.88.D8.B1.D9.86"></span>کارن اتے وورن</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=3" title="حصہ لکھو: کارن اتے وورن"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>الیکٹرک فیلڈاں <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="الیکٹرک چارج">الیکٹرک چارج</a>اں ولوں جاں بدل رہیاں <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D9%85%D8%A8%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="چمبکی فیلڈ (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">چمبکی فیلڈ</a>اں ولوں بندیاں ہن۔ الیکٹرک چارج والا اثر <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="گاؤس دا اصول (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">گاؤس دے اصول</a> راہیں درسایا جاندا اے، تے میگنیٹک فیلڈاں والا اثر <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88%DB%92_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="انڈکشن دے فیراڈے دے اصول (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">انڈکشن دے فیراڈے دے اصول</a> ولوں درسایا جاندا اے، جو دوویں مل کے الیکٹرک فیلڈ دے بیہیویئر نوں چارج ریپارٹیشن اتے مقناطیسی فیلڈ دے اک فنکشن دے طور تے متاثر کرن لئی کافی ہن۔ پھیر وی، کیونکہ میگنیٹک فیلڈ نوں الیکٹرک فیلڈ دے ہی اک فنکشن دے طور تے درسایا جاندا اے، اسلئی دوویں فیلڈاں دیاں اکئیوشناں میل لئیاں جاندیاں ہن اتے رل کے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="میکسویل دیاں اکئیوشناں (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">میکسویل دیاں اکئیوشناں</a> رچدیاں ہن جو دوویں فیلڈاں نوں چارجاں اتے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الیکٹرک کرنٹ (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">الیکٹرک کرنٹ</a>اں دے اک فنکشن دے طور تے درساؤندیاں ہن۔ </p><p>کسے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اکسار حالت (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">اکسار حالت</a> (سٹیشنری چارجاں اتے کرنٹاں) دے سپیشل کیس (خاص معاملے) وچ، میکسویلّ-فیراڈیل انڈکٹو اثر الوپ ہو جاندا اے۔ نتیجن دوویں اکئیوشناں (سمیکرناں) (گاؤس دا اصول<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ρ</mi> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff0076e721a4b485bda8ff427f00e73c6efb6006" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:11.444ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}}"></span> اتے فیراڈے دا اصول جس وچ کوئی وی انڈکشن ٹرم <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e2c81ebdca4714148b009b3ab513ac75aabc84b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.794ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =0}"></span> نہیں ہندی)، رل کے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کولمب دا اصول (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کولمب دا نیم</a> بناؤندیاں ہن، جسنوں کسے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="چارج ڈینسٹی (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">چارج ڈینسٹی</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\rho } (\mathbf {r} )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {\rho } (\mathbf {r} )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/78f39c455b0f0620886ca076c67af99acaa95e0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.113ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\rho } (\mathbf {r} )}"></span> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eca0f46511c4c986c48b254073732c0bd98ae0c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.102ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} }"></span> سپیس وچ پجیئن نوں درساؤندیاں ہن) واسطے </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {r}})={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}\int d{\boldsymbol {r'}}\rho ({\boldsymbol {r'}}){{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}} \over |{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}}|^{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">E</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">r</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>∫</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold">′</mo> </msup> </mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold">′</mo> </msup> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">r</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold">′</mo> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">r</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold">′</mo> </msup> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {r}})={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}\int d{\boldsymbol {r'}}\rho ({\boldsymbol {r'}}){{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}} \over |{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}}|^{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db3d820e5fcf930e1475b3e6aa19b2d713e5ac5b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:33.716ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {r}})={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}\int d{\boldsymbol {r'}}\rho ({\boldsymbol {r'}}){{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}} \over |{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}}|^{3}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>لکھیا جاندا اے۔ دھیان دیو کہ ویکیوم دی <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پرمٹیوٹی (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">پرمٹیوٹی</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/acb0a8377db20e42274444cb181d51b5532b5844" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.138ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}"></span>، ضرور ہی سبسٹیٹیوٹ کر دینی چاہیدی اے جیکر چارجاں نوں غیر-خالی میڈیا (زریعہ) وچ لیا جاندا اے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="جاری_بنام_اجاری_چارج_ریپارٹیشن"><span id=".D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C_.D8.A8.D9.86.D8.A7.D9.85_.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C_.DA.86.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AC_.D8.B1.DB.8C.D9.BE.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.B9.DB.8C.D8.B4.D9.86"></span>جاری بنام اجاری چارج ریپارٹیشن</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=4" title="حصہ لکھو: جاری بنام اجاری چارج ریپارٹیشن"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div lang="ur" class="UrduText"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">اصل مضمون: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="چارج ڈینسٹی (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">چارج ڈینسٹی</a></div> <p>الیکٹرومیگنٹزم دیاں سمیکرناں جاری حالت وچ بیہتر درسائیاں جاندیاں ہن۔ پھیر وی چارجاں نوں کدے کدے سبھ توں بیہتر طور تے ڈسکریٹ نقطےآں دے طور تے درساؤنا ٹھیک رہندا اے؛ اداہرن دے طور تے، کجھ ماڈل الیکٹروناں نوں اجیاے پوآئنس سورساں (سومیاں0 دے طور تے درسا سکدے ہن جتھے چارج ڈینسٹی سپیس دے اک اتسوکھم ٹکڑے اتے اننت ہندی اے۔ </p><p>کوئی چارج <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06809d64fa7c817ffc7e323f85997f783dbdf71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q}"></span> جو <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r_{0}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="bold">0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {r_{0}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0e354fab59b0195a0ac38a2834970572067e7e13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.279ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r_{0}} }"></span> اتے واقع ہووے، گنتک طور تے اک چارج ڈینسٹی <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho (\mathbf {r} )=q\delta (\mathbf {r-r_{0}} )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold">−</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="bold">0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho (\mathbf {r} )=q\delta (\mathbf {r-r_{0}} )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/52aa88f65892027c385969dde74a6770baf10be9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.631ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho (\mathbf {r} )=q\delta (\mathbf {r-r_{0}} )}"></span> دے طور تے درسایا جا سکدا اے، جتھے (تن ڈائمینشناں اندر) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ڈیراک ڈیلٹا فنکشن (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">ڈیراک ڈیلٹا فنکشن</a> ورتیا جاندا اے۔ اسدے الٹ، کسے چارج ڈسٹریبیوشن نوں کئی چھوٹے پوآئنٹ چارجاں ولوں سنکھیپت کیتا جا سکدا اے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سپرپجیشن_پرنسپل"><span id=".D8.B3.D9.BE.D8.B1.D9.BE.D8.AC.DB.8C.D8.B4.D9.86_.D9.BE.D8.B1.D9.86.D8.B3.D9.BE.D9.84"></span>سپرپجیشن پرنسپل</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=5" title="حصہ لکھو: سپرپجیشن پرنسپل"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>الیکٹرک فیلڈاں <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سپرپجیشن پرنسپل (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">سپرپجیشن پرنسپل</a> دی پالنا کردیاں ہن، کیونکہ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="میکسویل اکئیوشناں (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">میکسویل اکئیوشناں</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1_%DA%88%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="لینیئر ڈفرینشیئل اکئیوشن (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">لینیئر</a> (ریکھک) ہندیاں ہن۔ نتیجے دے طور تے، جیکر <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96dda96911121bf5e457b6c1921c52705ae0f156" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.811ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}}"></span> اتے <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9d714d2ed30aa25b0ee86391014ada89f5b105c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.811ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{2}}"></span> اوہ الیکٹرک فیلڈاں ہون جو چارجاں <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e0f2d347f2a0ed7f7c9808c427a89813b957017" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.256ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}}"></span> اتے <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/793b211571b3ffe34c4639654d567296d29d7f72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.256ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{2}}"></span> دی ڈسٹریبیوشن توں پیدا ہوئیاں ہون، تاں چارجاں <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}+\rho _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{1}+\rho _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39e4892e2ccb9a9b5f88f29060174d15203eb288" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.353ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}+\rho _{2}}"></span> دی ڈسٹریبیوشن اک الیکٹرک فیلڈ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}+\mathbf {E} _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}+\mathbf {E} _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/387d7ccb8f4e5cc3453d08fd481319b555cb6207" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.463ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}+\mathbf {E} _{2}}"></span> بنائےگی؛ اداہرن دے طور تے، <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کولومب دا نیم (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کولومب دا نیم</a> وی چارج ڈینسٹی اندر لینیئر ہی رہندا اے۔ </p><p>ایہہ پرنسپل بہت نقطہ چارجاں ولوں پیدا کیتی گئی فیلڈ دا حساب لگاؤن لئی فائدیمند رہندا اے۔ جیکر چارج <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{1},q_{2},...,q_{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{1},q_{2},...,q_{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c0f2fff526b5ed296b7c7f4276aaa5848cd425aa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.642ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{1},q_{2},...,q_{n}}"></span> سپیس وچ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{1},\mathbf {r} _{2},...\mathbf {r} _{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{1},\mathbf {r} _{2},...\mathbf {r} _{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be7a4958cadac742989d9c0dd116829427a41e09" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.803ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{1},\mathbf {r} _{2},...\mathbf {r} _{n}}"></span> اتے سٹیشنری ہون، تاں کرنٹاں دی غیر-حاضری وچ، سپرپجیشن پرنسپل ثابت کردا اے کہ نتیجن فیلڈ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کولومب دا نیم (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کولومب دے نیم</a> راہیں درسائے جاندے ہریک پارٹیکل ولوں پیدا ہوئیاں پھیلڈاں دا جوڑ ہندا اے: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} (\mathbf {r} )=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\mathbf {E} _{i}(\mathbf {r} )={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}q_{i}{\frac {\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}}{|\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}|^{3}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} (\mathbf {r} )=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\mathbf {E} _{i}(\mathbf {r} )={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}q_{i}{\frac {\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}}{|\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}|^{3}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2e9eb3301dc9cca111cce1801f97f12de4c1c7b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:40.538ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} (\mathbf {r} )=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\mathbf {E} _{i}(\mathbf {r} )={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}q_{i}{\frac {\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}}{|\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}|^{3}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="الیکٹروسٹیٹک_فیلڈ"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.DB.8C.DA.A9.D9.B9.D8.B1.D9.88.D8.B3.D9.B9.DB.8C.D9.B9.DA.A9_.D9.81.DB.8C.D9.84.DA.88"></span>الیکٹروسٹیٹک فیلڈ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=6" title="حصہ لکھو: الیکٹروسٹیٹک فیلڈ"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div lang="ur" class="UrduText"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">اصل مضمون: <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="الیکٹروسٹیٹکس">الیکٹروسٹیٹکس</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg/220px-VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg/330px-VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg/440px-VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption>کسے پوزٹیو (لال رنگ) اتے اک نیگٹیو (نیلا رنگ) چارج دوالے الیکٹرک فیلڈ سمجھاؤندا چتر</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv/280px--14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="280" height="158" data-durationhint="58" data-mwtitle="14._Електрични_силови_линии.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv"><source 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv/14._%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>الیکٹرک فیلڈ ریکھاواں نوں سمجھاؤندے استعمال ۔ کسے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الیکٹروسٹیٹک انڈکشن (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">الیکٹروسٹیٹک انڈکشن</a> مشین نال جڑیا اک <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الیکٹروڈ (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">الیکٹروڈ</a> کسے تیل نال بھرے کنٹینر وچ رکھیا جاندا اے۔ تیل نوں اک ڈائلیکٹرک زریعہ مندے ہوئے، جدوں الیکٹروڈ دے وچوں کرنٹ وہندا اے، تاں کن اپنے آپ نوں اسطراں ارینج کر لیندے ہن تاں جو الیکٹرک فیلڈ لائیناں ریکھاواں دکھاؤندے لگن</figcaption></figure> <p>الیکٹروسٹیٹک فیلڈاں اجہیاں <b>E</b>-فیلڈاں ہندیاں ہن جو وقت پا کے تبدیل نہیں ہندیاں، جو ادوں واپردیاں ہن جدوں چارج اتے کرنٹ سٹیشنری ہندے ہن ۔ اس معاملے وچ، <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کولمب دا اصول (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کولمب دا اصول</a> پوری طرحاں فیلڈ نوں درساؤندا اے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="الیکٹرک_پٹینشل"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.DB.8C.DA.A9.D9.B9.D8.B1.DA.A9_.D9.BE.D9.B9.DB.8C.D9.86.D8.B4.D9.84"></span>الیکٹرک پٹینشل</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=7" title="حصہ لکھو: الیکٹرک پٹینشل"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>جیکر کوئی سسٹم سٹیٹک ہووے، کہ مقناطیسی فیلڈاں وقت پا کے تبدیل نہ ہون، تاں فیراڈے دے اصول مطابق، الیکٹرک فیلڈ کرل-فری (کنڈلی-مکتی) ہندی اے۔ اس معاملے وچ، اک <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الیکٹرک پٹینشل (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">الیکٹرک پٹینشل</a> متاثر کیتا جا سکدا اے، یعنی کہ، اک فنکشن <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aed80a2011a3912b028ba32a52dfa57165455f24" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi }"></span> کہ </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e7781a7585a41d2d3b09f0da414a63e907208920" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.278ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi }"></span>۔<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>اس دا موازنہ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="گریویٹیشنل پٹینشل (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">گریویٹیشنل پٹینشل</a> نال کیتا جا سکدا اے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="الیکٹروسٹیٹک_اتے_گریویٹیشنل_فیلڈاں_درمیان_یکسانیت"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.DB.8C.DA.A9.D9.B9.D8.B1.D9.88.D8.B3.D9.B9.DB.8C.D9.B9.DA.A9_.D8.A7.D8.AA.DB.92_.DA.AF.D8.B1.DB.8C.D9.88.DB.8C.D9.B9.DB.8C.D8.B4.D9.86.D9.84_.D9.81.DB.8C.D9.84.DA.88.D8.A7.DA.BA_.D8.AF.D8.B1.D9.85.DB.8C.D8.A7.D9.86_.DB.8C.DA.A9.D8.B3.D8.A7.D9.86.DB.8C.D8.AA"></span>الیکٹروسٹیٹک اتے گریویٹیشنل فیلڈاں درمیان یکسانیت</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=8" title="حصہ لکھو: الیکٹروسٹیٹک اتے گریویٹیشنل فیلڈاں درمیان یکسانیت"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کولمب دا اصول (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کولمب دا اصول</a>، جو الیکٹرک چارجاں دی پرسپر کریا درساؤندا اے: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q\left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=q\mathbf {E} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q\left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=q\mathbf {E} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c2a3ac5c886875c1cb9307a86296aaad4b351b66" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:25.599ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q\left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=q\mathbf {E} }"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نیوٹن دا یونیورسل گریویٹیشن دا اصول (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">نیوٹن دے یونیورسل گریویٹیشن دے اصول</a> نال ملدا جلدا اے۔ </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\left(-GM{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=m\mathbf {g} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">g</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\left(-GM{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=m\mathbf {g} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf5dd92f0beaf6eec0dcd328bce75089e454a180" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:27.729ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\left(-GM{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=m\mathbf {g} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>(جتھے <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {r}} =\mathbf {\frac {r}{|r|}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {r}} =\mathbf {\frac {r}{|r|}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa5f525f0d2ddc83a9f6918914c4a636cf6fc949" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:7.857ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {r}} =\mathbf {\frac {r}{|r|}} }"></span>)۔ استوں ایہہ سجھاء ملدا اے کہ الیکٹرک فیلڈ اتے گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ <b>g</b> درمیان، جاں ایہناں دے متعلق پٹینشلاں درمیان سمانتراتاواں ہن ۔ اس سمانتراتمکتا کارن ماس نوں کدے کدے گریویٹیشنل چارج وی کیہا جاندا اے۔ <sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="اس دعوے کے لیے قابلِ تصدیق مآخذ کا حوالہ درکار ہے since دسمبر 2014" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:Citation_needed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="وکیپیڈیا:Citation needed (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">حوالہ درکار</a></i>]</span></sup> الیکٹروسٹیٹک اتے گریویٹیشنل فورس دوویں ہی <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مرکزی فورس (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">سینٹرل</a>، <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کنزرویٹو فورس (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کنزرویٹو</a> فورس ہن جو <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="انورس سکئیئر اصول (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">انورس سکئیئر اصول</a> دی پالنا کردے ہن ۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="یونیفارم_فیلڈاں"><span id=".DB.8C.D9.88.D9.86.DB.8C.D9.81.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.85_.D9.81.DB.8C.D9.84.DA.88.D8.A7.DA.BA"></span>یونیفارم فیلڈاں</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=9" title="حصہ لکھو: یونیفارم فیلڈاں"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>اک یونیفارم فیلڈ اوہ فیلڈ ہندی اے جس وچ ہریک نقطہ اتے الیکٹرک فیلڈ ستھر رہندی ہووے ۔ اسنوں مختصر کرن واسطے دو دو کنڈکٹنگ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کیپسٹر (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">پلیٹاں</a> نوں اک دوجی دے بروبرابر (پیرلل) رکھیا جاندا اے اتے اوہناں درمیان اک <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="وولٹیج">وولٹیج</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پٹینشل انتر (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">پٹینشل انتر</a>) قایم رکھیا جاندا اے؛ حد پرجذبات کارن ایہہ صرف اک مختصر اندازا ہی ہندا اے (پلیناں دے کناریاں نزدیک، الیکٹرک فیلڈ پھٹ جاندی اے کیونکہ پلین جاری نہیں رہندا)۔ اننت پلین لیندے ہوئے، الیکٹرک فیلڈ دا میگنیٹیوڈ ایہہ بنیگا: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=-{\frac {\Delta \phi }{d}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=-{\frac {\Delta \phi }{d}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d58c974c9f889a5fad886d7f4d188a3534c18859" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:10.84ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=-{\frac {\Delta \phi }{d}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>جتھے Δ<i>ϕ</i> پلیٹاں درمیان <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%84_%DA%88%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پٹینشل ڈفرینس (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">پٹینشل ڈفرینس</a> ہندا اے اتے<i>d</i> پلیٹاں نوں نکھیڑن والا فاصلہ اے۔ نیگٹو چارج پیدا ہو جاندا اے جویں ہی پوزٹو چارج پراں دھکدا اے، اسلئی اک پوزٹو چارج والی پلیٹ توں پوزٹو چارج پراں ول نوں اک فورس تجربہ کریگا، جو اوس سمت وچ ہندا اے تاں جو وولٹیج ودھ سکے ۔ مائیکرو اتے نینو ایپلیکیشناں وچ، جویں سیمیکنڈکٹراں دے تعلق وچ، کسے الیکٹرک فیلڈ دا کوئی خاص سنکھئک ملّ (میگنیٹیوڈ) <span style="white-space:nowrap">10<sup>۶</sup> V⋅m<sup>−1</sup></span> دے لگپگ ہندا اے، جو 1 µm دور رکھے ہوئے کنڈکٹراں درمیان 1 وولٹ دے درجے دی وولٹیج لاگوُ کرن نال سامبھیا جاندا اے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="الیکٹروڈائنامک_فیلڈاں"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.DB.8C.DA.A9.D9.B9.D8.B1.D9.88.DA.88.D8.A7.D8.A6.D9.86.D8.A7.D9.85.DA.A9_.D9.81.DB.8C.D9.84.DA.88.D8.A7.DA.BA"></span>الیکٹروڈائنامک فیلڈاں</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=10" title="حصہ لکھو: الیکٹروڈائنامک فیلڈاں"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div lang="ur" class="UrduText"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">اصل مضمون: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الیکٹروڈائنامکس (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">الیکٹروڈائنامکس</a></div> <p>الیکٹروڈائنامک پھیلڈاں اوہ الیکٹرک پھیلڈاں ہندیاں ہن جو وقت بیتن تے بدلدیاں نہیں، جویں جدوں چارج رفتار شیل ہندے ہن ۔ </p><p>الیکٹرک فیلڈ اوس معاملے وچ چمبکی فیلڈ دی فیلڈ دے طور تے ستنتر طور تے نہیں درسائی جا سکدی ۔ جیکر <b>A</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="میگنیٹک ویکٹر پٹینشل (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">میگنیٹک ویکٹر پٹینشل</a> ہووے، جو اسطراں متاثر کیتا گیا ہووے کہ </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} =\nabla \times \mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} =\nabla \times \mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/436aaad562d4e3626ff807cadb0185658e4e6c51" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.795ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} =\nabla \times \mathbf {A} }"></span>،</dd></dl> <p>تاں اجے وی اک الیکٹرک پٹینشل <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aed80a2011a3912b028ba32a52dfa57165455f24" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi }"></span> استراں متاثر کیتا جا سکدا اے کہ: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi -{\frac {\partial \mathbf {A} }{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi -{\frac {\partial \mathbf {A} }{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0078aa2140882ec77d36a9e95f87a7c0ea44086f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:17.292ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi -{\frac {\partial \mathbf {A} }{\partial t}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>اس سمیکرن دی کرل لیندے ہوئے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88%DB%92_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پھیراڈے دا انڈکشن نیم (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">پھیراڈے دا انڈکشن نیم</a> رکور کیتا جا سکدا اے:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial (\nabla \times \mathbf {A} )}{\partial t}}=-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial (\nabla \times \mathbf {A} )}{\partial t}}=-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf01858ee82b3e0e4e44840911b64675a8145c13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:31.161ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial (\nabla \times \mathbf {A} )}{\partial t}}=-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>جو اک بعد وچ اندازہ کیتو گئی الیکٹرک فیلڈ واسطے پرانی قسم دی وضاحت کردی اے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ایہ_وی_ویکھو"><span id=".D8.A7.DB.8C.DB.81_.D9.88.DB.8C_.D9.88.DB.8C.DA.A9.DA.BE.D9.88"></span>ایہ وی ویکھو</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=11" title="حصہ لکھو: ایہ وی ویکھو"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بجلی">بجلی</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالے"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.92"></span>حوالے</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=12" title="حصہ لکھو: حوالے"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="{{# گزینه: | small= font-size:small; | below= font-size:smaller; }}"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Richard Feynman (1970). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_01.html">The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol II</a></i>. Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN <span lang="ur">978-0-201-02115-8</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feynman+Lectures+on+Physics+Vol+II&rft.au=Richard+Feynman&rft.date=1970&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley+Longman&rft.isbn=978-0-201-02115-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu%2FII_01.html"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">gwrowe (8 اکتوبر 2011)۔ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161024080520/http://www.physicspages.com/2011/10/08/curl-potential-in-electrostatics/">"Curl & Potential in Electrostatics"</a>۔ physicspages.com۔ ۲۴ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۶ میں <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicspages.com/2011/10/08/curl-potential-in-electrostatics/">اصل</a> سے آرکائیو شدہ<span class="reference-accessdate">۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 جنوری 2017</span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpnb.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9+%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&rft.atitle=Curl+%26+Potential+in+Electrostatics&rft.au=gwrowe&rft.chron=8+%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1+2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=physicspages.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicspages.com%2F2011%2F10%2F08%2Fcurl-potential-in-electrostatics%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">تحقق من التاريخ في: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=, |date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="معاونت:حوالہ جات کی غلطياں (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">معاونت</a>)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r677498">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-right:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"> (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0QsDgdd0MhMCp">Maxwell's Equations</a></i>. Wiley-IEEE, 205. ISBN <span lang="ur">0-470-54276-4</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maxwell%27s+Equations&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Wiley-IEEE&rft.pages=205&rft.isbn=0-470-54276-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0QsDgdd0MhMCp"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="باہری_لنک"><span id=".D8.A8.D8.A7.DB.81.D8.B1.DB.8C_.D9.84.D9.86.DA.A9"></span>باہری لنک</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88&action=edit&section=13" title="حصہ لکھو: باہری لنک"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elefie.html">Electric field in "Electricity and Magnetism"، R Nave</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperphysics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperphysics (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">Hyperphysics</a>، <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia State University (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">Georgia State University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teacher.pas.rochester.edu/phy122/Lecture_Notes/Chapter24/Chapter24.html">'Gauss's Law' – Chapter 24 of Frank Wolfs's lectures</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Rochester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Rochester (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">University of Rochester</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teacher.pas.rochester.edu/phy122/Lecture_Notes/Chapter23/Chapter23.html#Heading3">'The Electric Field' – Chapter 23 of Frank Wolfs's lectures</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Rochester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Rochester (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">University of Rochester</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.its.caltech.edu/~phys1/java/phys1/MovingCharge/MovingCharge.html">MovingCharge.html</a> – An applet that shows the electric field of a moving point charge</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch10/ch10.html">Fields</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527194640/http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch10/ch10.html">Archived</a> 2010-05-27 at the <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%92_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="وے بیک مشین">وے بیک مشین</a> – a chapter from an online textbook</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vias.org/simulations/simusoft_efield.html">Learning by Simulations</a> Interactive simulation of an electric field of up to four point charges</li> <li>Java simulations of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falstad.com/emstatic/">electrostatics in 2-D</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falstad.com/vector3de/">3-D</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flashphysics.org/electricField.html">Interactive Flash simulation picturing the electric field of user-defined or preselected sets of point charges</a> by field vectors, field lines, or equipotential lines. Author: David Chappell</li></ul></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=الیکٹرک_فیلڈ&oldid=643406">https://pnb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=الیکٹرک_فیلڈ&oldid=643406</a>" توں لیا</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Categories" title="خاص:Categories">گٹھاں</a>: ؜<ul><li><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%B9%DA%BE:%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%92" class="mw-redirect" title="گٹھ:مضامین جنہاں وچ اردو بولی دا متن شامل 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