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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>ISFDB</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z9cuBi6DZF3-Xq108tbWRQAAAos","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Main_Page","wgTitle":"Main Page","wgCurRevisionId":683742,"wgRevisionId":683742,"wgArticleId":1,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Main_Page","wgRelevantArticleId":1,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":!0};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.legacy.js"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); 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padding:5px; background:#F5FFFA; color:#000000; font:100% sans-serif"> <h2 style="margin:0.125em 0 0.25em; border:1px solid #084080; padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#CEF2E0; font:bold 120% sans-serif; text-align:center"><span id="Welcome_to_the_Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database_(ISFDB)_wiki."></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Welcome_to_the_Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database_.28ISFDB.29_wiki.">Welcome to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a> (ISFDB) wiki.</span></h2> <table style="border:none; background:#F5FFFA; width:100%; border-spacing:2px"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:55%; vertical-align:top"> <h3 style="margin:0.125em 0 0.25em; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#004; color:#FFF; font:bold 120% sans-serif; text-align:left"><span class="mw-headline" id="ISFDB_Resources">ISFDB Resources</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help</a> - Documentation for editing the ISFDB database.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Sources_of_Bibliographic_Information" title="Sources of Bibliographic Information">Sources of Bibliographic Information</a> - Links to non-ISFDB resources for bibliographic data.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/What%27s_New" title="What's New">What's New</a> - Latest news on the ISFDB.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Magazines" title="Magazines">Magazines</a> and <a href="/wiki/index.php/Fanzines" title="Fanzines">Fanzines</a> - Links to database records for specific titles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Category:Publishers" title="Category:Publishers">Publishers</a> - Links to database records for specific publishers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Site_Map" title="Site Map">Site Map</a> - Site Map for ISFDB database and Wiki.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isfdb.blogspot.com/">Offsite blog</a> - For downtime announcements.</li></ul> <h3 style="margin:0.125em 0 0.25em; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#004; color:#FFF; font:bold 120% sans-serif; text-align:left"><span class="mw-headline" id="Technical_Resources">Technical Resources</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB_Downloads" title="ISFDB Downloads">ISFDB Downloads</a> - Backup files and installation instructions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Development" title="Development">Development</a> and <a href="/wiki/index.php/Web_API" title="Web API">Web API</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:55%; vertical-align:top"> <h3 style="margin:0.125em 0 0.25em; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#004; color:#FFF; font:bold 120% sans-serif; text-align:left"><span class="mw-headline" id="Active_Areas_and_Projects">Active Areas and Projects</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:Community_Portal" title="ISFDB:Community Portal">Community Portal</a> - General discussions and announcements.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:Help_desk" title="ISFDB:Help desk">Help Desk</a> - Requests for help on specific matters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:Moderator_noticeboard" title="ISFDB:Moderator noticeboard">Moderator Noticeboard</a> - Contacting moderators.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Rules_and_standards_discussions" title="Rules and standards discussions">Rules and Standards Discussions</a> (<a href="/wiki/index.php/Rules_and_standards_changelog" title="Rules and standards changelog">Rules changelog</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:Research_Assistance" title="ISFDB:Research Assistance">Research Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Bibliographic_Projects_in_Progress" title="Bibliographic Projects in Progress">Bibliographic Projects in Progress</a></li></ul> <h3 style="margin:0.125em 0 0.25em; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#004; color:#FFF; font:bold 120% sans-serif; text-align:left"><span class="mw-headline" id="ISFDB_Rules_and_Policies">ISFDB Rules and Policies</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:FAQ" title="ISFDB:FAQ">ISFDB FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:Policy" title="ISFDB:Policy">ISFDB Policy</a> - Various policies concerning privacy and content.</li></ul> <h3 style="margin:0.125em 0 0.25em; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#004; color:#FFF; font:bold 120% sans-serif; text-align:left"><span class="mw-headline" id="Credits">Credits</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php/Major_Contributors" title="Major Contributors">Major Contributors</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20250316163049 Cache expiry: 86400 Dynamic content: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.008 seconds Real time usage: 0.046 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8/1000000 Post鈥恊xpand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/40 Expensive parser function count: 0/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post鈥恊xpand size: 0/5000000 bytes --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key isfdb-mw_:pcache:idhash:1-0!canonical and timestamp 20250316163049 and revision id 683742 --> </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://isfdb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=683742">https://isfdb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=683742</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <!-- Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. --> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label"> <span>Personal tools</span> </h3> <!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. --> <div class="body vector-menu-content"> <!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. --> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Main+Page" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; 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You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <!-- Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. --> <nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" /> <h3 id="p-cactions-label"> <span>More</span> </h3> <!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. --> <div class="body vector-menu-content"> <!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. --> <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search"> <h3 > <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/wiki/index.php" id="searchform"> <div id="simpleSearch"> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search ISFDB" title="Search ISFDB [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search the pages for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a title="Visit the main page" class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/index.php/Main_Page"></a> </div> <!-- Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. --> <nav id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal portal-first" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label"> <span>Navigation</span> </h3> <!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. --> <div class="body vector-menu-content"> <!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. --> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-ISFDB-Home-Page"><a href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/index.cgi" rel="nofollow">ISFDB Home Page</a></li><li id="n-Main-Wiki-Page"><a href="/wiki/index.php/Main_Page">Main Wiki Page</a></li><li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/index.php/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-Help"><a href="/wiki/index.php/Help:Contents">Help</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <!-- Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. --> <nav id="p-Discussions" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Discussions-label" role="navigation" > <h3 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id="p-tb-label"> <span>Tools</span> </h3> <!-- Please do not use the .body class, it is deprecated. --> <div class="body vector-menu-content"> <!-- Please do not use the .menu class, it is deprecated. --> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/index.php/Special:WhatLinksHere/Main_Page" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/index.php/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Main_Page" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/index.php/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=683742" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" > <ul id="footer-info" > <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 April 2024, at 11:36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a href="/wiki/index.php/Creative_Commons_License" title="Creative Commons License">Attribution</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" > <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:Privacy_policy" title="ISFDB:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:About" class="mw-redirect" title="ISFDB:About">About ISFDB</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/index.php/ISFDB:General_disclaimer" title="ISFDB:General 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