three deceits of bureaucracy | Brain

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class="info-card-author authorInfo_OUP_ArticleTop_Info_Widget"> <div class="name-role-wrap"> <div class="info-card-name"> Masud Husain </div> </div> <div class="info-card-affilitation"> <div class="aff"><div class="addr-line">Oxford</div>, <div class="country">UK</div></div> </div> <div class="info-card-location"> <a id="contrib-orcid-0000-0002-6850-9255" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-9255"> <img class="orchid-icon" alt="ORCID logo" aria-hidden="true" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/img/mini-icon.png"/>  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-9255 </a> </div> <div class="info-card-search-label"> Search for other works by this author on: </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-internal"> <a href="/brain/search-results?f_Authors=Masud+Husain" rel="nofollow">Oxford Academic</a> </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-pubmed"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Husain M">PubMed</a> </div> <div class="info-card-search 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href="/brain/advanced-search" class="advanced-search js-advanced-search">Advanced Search</a></div> </div> <div class="navbar-search-collapsed"><a href="javascript:;" class="icon-menu_search js_expand-navsearch"><span class="screenreader-text">Search Menu</span></a></div> </div> </div> <input id="routename" name="RouteName" type="hidden" value="brain" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ContentTab" class="content active"> <div class="widget widget-ArticleFulltext widget-instance-OUP_Article_FullText_Widget"> <div class="module-widget"> <div class="widget-items" data-widgetname="ArticleFulltext"> <p class="chapter-para">Accountability, efficiency and impartiality are some of its supposed benefits. Max Weber, the great German sociologist, also considered bureaucracy—at least in its ideal form—to be a crucial element of any organization that wants to succeed. By having clear demarcation of responsibilities and tasks, implementation of a system of hierarchical control and being ‘impersonal’ (not reliant on nepotism or other personal relationships) a bureaucracy, in his view, was free to work effectively in the service of the organization’s goals. This is all very laudable.</p><p class="chapter-para">An increasing concern for many of us working in universities though is that our institutions might be forgetting their primary mission—the reason for our existence. Instead, they are focusing on goals that did not even exist a quarter of a century ago. Previously, scholarship, research and teaching were the key objectives. They still apparently are if you spend a few minutes looking up mission statements for various universities. But in reality the focus of many institutions has become corporate control.</p><p class="chapter-para">The mission has crept away from the established fundamental goals towards gaming the metrics to make a university seem more attractive to prospective students and funders—‘marketisation’<sup><span class="xrefLink" id="jumplink-awac163-B1"></span><a href="javascript:;" reveal-id="awac163-B1" data-open="awac163-B1" class="link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr">1</a></sup>—and introduction of a raft of policies and procedures that will ostensibly protect the institution from any legal challenges. The latter includes training us, repeatedly, sometimes on an annual basis; filling in survey forms that don’t ask whether we think this sort of feedback is actually useful; and bringing in silly procedures that are magically going to make us feel valued and protect our mental health and resilience at work. If only it were that easy!</p><p class="chapter-para">It would all be laughable if it were not for the fact these things are actually beginning to have a detrimental impact on the primary objectives of a university. Every hour spent messing around with another set of forms to fill in creatively, every half hour completing an online course, every 15 min filling in a survey saps the energy and time out of even the most conscientious of us. But apparently, this is all supposed to be ‘for our good’. This is the first deceit of bureaucracy: that it is for our benefit. It is a deception because the evidence for any benefit is shockingly missing. How has it done any good? It is all very well for some senior management committee to rubber stamp yet another crazy initiative, but where are the data to show that any of these are ever effective?</p><p class="chapter-para">One outstanding achievement over the period 1995–2019 in the UK has been that while spending on academic departments roughly doubled, the amount allocated to administration and central services more than quadrupled.<sup><span class="xrefLink" id="jumplink-awac163-B1"></span><a href="javascript:;" reveal-id="awac163-B1" data-open="awac163-B1" class="link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr">1</a></sup> You cannot service the new missions of universities without more administration! And the more bureaucracy there is, the more likely another procedure or set of forms will be produced. The second deceit of bureaucracy is therefore that it is cost-effective. There simply is no evidence for this in the higher education sector. Quite the contrary, in my opinion.</p><p class="chapter-para">Of course, one should not blame the administration. Part of the problem is that government has encouraged gaming by universities to achieve better metrics, to stand taller in the competition with other institutions. The only way to do this is to spend greater time, effort and money on exercises that fundamentally have no meaning but require a lot of people to conduct them. Take the UK’s Research Excellence Framework (REF). What has that actually done, for either research or scholarship? As one recent article pointed out: the huge cost of the REF actually outweighed any potential benefits that might have accrued.<sup><span class="xrefLink" id="jumplink-awac163-B2"></span><a href="javascript:;" reveal-id="awac163-B2" data-open="awac163-B2" class="link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr">2</a></sup></p><p class="chapter-para">Finally, once cannot get away from the fact that academics themselves have been both complicit and compliant with this nonsense. We have allowed all this to happen in front of our eyes. Some even led the movement for more such ‘accountability’, conflating this with a need to modernize academia and improve governance. The third deceit of bureaucracy in universities is therefore that academics actually opposed the mission creep. We didn’t. Now we are paying the price because it is very difficult to turn back the urge to send another form, to create another procedure or to have another set of training modules. It’s as much our fault for not resisting and pushing back. Even if the next request supposedly takes only 10 min to complete, the overall cumulative impact of such pen-pushing is that it takes us away from the primary mission of universities. A quiet rebellion is required.</p> <h2 scrollto-destination=364275051 id="364275051" class="backreferences-title js-splitscreen-backreferences-title" data-legacy-id=ref1>References</h2> <div class="ref-list js-splitview-ref-list"><div content-id="awac163-B1" class="js-splitview-ref-item" data-legacy-id="awac163-B1"><div class="refLink-parent"><span class="refLink"><a name="jumplink-awac163-B1" href="javascript:;" aria-label="jumplink-awac163-B1" data-id=""></a></span></div><div class="ref false"><div id="ref-auto-awac163-B1" class="ref-content " data-id="awac163-B1"><span class="label title-label">1</span><div class="mixed-citation citation"><p class="mixed-citation-compatibility"><span class="person-group"><span class="name string-name"><div class="surname">Jones</div> <div class="given-names">L</div></span>, <span class="name string-name"><div class="surname">Cunliffe</div> <div class="given-names">P</div></span></span>. <div class="comment">Saving Britain’s Universities: Academic Freedom, Democracy and Renewal. Accessed 11 May 2022.</div> <a class="link link-uri openInAnotherWindow" href="https://www.cieo.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Saving- Britains-Universities-Cieo-1-1.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.cieo.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Saving- Britains-Universities-Cieo-1-1.pdf</a></p></div></div></div></div><div content-id="awac163-B2" class="js-splitview-ref-item" data-legacy-id="awac163-B2"><div class="refLink-parent"><span class="refLink"><a name="jumplink-awac163-B2" href="javascript:;" aria-label="jumplink-awac163-B2" data-id=""></a></span></div><div class="ref false"><div id="ref-auto-awac163-B2" class="ref-content " data-id="awac163-B2"><span class="label title-label">2</span><div class="mixed-citation citation"><p class="mixed-citation-compatibility"><span class="person-group"><span class="name string-name"><div class="surname">Havergal</div> <div class="given-names">C</div></span></span>. <div class="source ">Burden of research excellence framework ‘outweighs the benefits’</div>. <div class="publisher-name">Times Higher Education</div>. <div class="year">26 November 2021</div>. Accessed 6 May 2022. <a class="link link-uri openInAnotherWindow" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/burden-research-excellence-framework-outweighs-thebenefits" target="_blank">https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/burden-research-excellence-framework-outweighs-thebenefits</a></p></div></div></div></div></div>  <div class="widget widget-ArticlePubStateInfo widget-instance-OUP_ArticlePubStateInfo"> </div> <div class="article-metadata-standalone-panel clearfix"></div> <div class="copyright copyright-statement">© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. 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three deceits of bureaucracy | Brain | Oxford Academic